2019高考英语高频词汇必背及训练8 7页

‎2019-2020年高考英语高频词汇必背及训练8‎ ‎1.optimistic adj.乐观的 We are still optimistic, whatever the result may be.‎ 我们仍然乐观，不论结果如何。‎ The stockholders are optimistic about the pany's future.股东对公司的前景很乐观。‎ 反义词：pessimistic adj.悲观的 Her pessimistic attitude turns him off.‎ 她那悲观的态度令他很不高兴。‎ ‎________，she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile. ‎ A．Shy and cautious B．Sensitive and thoughtful C．Honest and confident D．Lighthearted and optimistic ‎2.climate n.‎ ‎(1)气候 She is not used to living in a cold climate.‎ 她不习惯寒带生活。‎ ‎(2)(某一社会、时代的)风气，趋势；气氛，环境气氛 social climate 社会风气 political climate政治气候 the current climate of opinion目前的舆论环境 After the revolution，the climate of the country remained tense.‎ 革命以后，那个国家的气氛依然紧张。‎ ‎ climate/weather辨析 climate：气候，指一个地区气候的总情况，如气温、降雨量等，还可指(社会)风气。‎ weather：天气，指特定的一天或某个时节的天气的具体情况，如冷暖阴晴等。‎ What will the weather be like tomorrow?‎ 明天天气怎样？‎ I would rather live in France because of the climate.‎ 由于气候原因，我宁愿住在法国。‎ 单项填空 ‎(1)For the sake of her daughter's health，she decided to move to a warm________.‎ A．weather B．temperature ‎ C．season D．climate ‎(2)Although farmers there mainly grow wheat，the________is also warm enough to grow rice.‎ A．criminal B．climate C．air D．sky ‎3.flood ‎(1)n.洪水，水灾(可数)‎ The town was destroyed by the floods after the storm.‎ 暴风雨过后，小镇被洪水淹没了。‎ ‎(2)n.大批，大量流入 There was a flood of plaints about the poor service at the restaurant.‎ 许多人投诉这家餐馆服务质量差劲。‎ 考点提示：‎ a flood of words口若悬河 a flood of tears泪如泉涌 a flood of anger 勃然大怒 ‎(3)vt.‎& vi.淹没；大量涌到 The river flooded the village.河水淹没了村庄。‎ Workers continue to flood into neighbouring cities to look for jobs.工人们不断涌进邻近的城市找工作。‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)大批感谢信像潮水般涌来。‎ Letters of thanks________.‎ ‎(2)大批的人涌进大厅。‎ ‎________crowded into the hall.‎ ‎(3)办公室堆满了应聘这个职位的求职信。‎ The office was________applications for the job.‎ ‎（4）When we visited my old family home，memory came ________ back. ‎ A．flooding B．to flood C．flood D．flooded ‎4.reality n．现实，实际；真实，实际存在 His hope has bee a reality.‎ 他的希望已变成现实。‎ 考点提示：‎ bring sb back to reality使某人面对现实，不再抱有幻想 in reality＝in fact事实上，实际上，其实 turn sth into reality使……变为现实 escape from reality逃避现实 face up to reality面对现实 real adj.真实的 really adv.真实/正地 realistic adj.现实的，实际的 realize v．实现 realize one's dream实现梦想 单项填空 I am saving my money，so my dream of travelling to Europe will________.‎ A．e true B．realize ‎ C．be e true D．turn into a reality ‎ ‎5.affect ‎(1)vt.影响 Smoking affects health.吸烟影响健康。‎ ‎(2)使感动，被打动(一般用被动)‎ All the girls were deeply affected by the sad movie.‎ 那部悲伤的电影深深地打动了所有的姑娘。‎ His speech affected the audience deeply.‎ 她的演讲深深地打动了听众。‎ ‎(3)(指疾病)侵袭，使感染 The left lung is affected by cancer.‎ 左肺受到癌症侵蚀。‎ 考点提示：‎ ‎(1)affected adj.做作的，不自然的 affecting(moving，touching)adj.使人感动的 affection n．(C，U)感情；慈爱；挚爱 Hearing the affecting story，all the children present were affected to tears.‎ 听了这感人的故事，所有在场的孩子都感动得流下了热泪。‎ He felt great affection for his sister.‎ 他很疼他的妹妹。‎ ‎(2)effect n．影响；结果；作用 side effect副作用 have an/no effect on...对……有(无)影响 cause and effect因果 完成句子 ‎(1)The whole munity________(受影响)by the terrible accident.‎ ‎(2)Smoking can________(对……有坏影响) your health.‎ 单项填空 ‎(3)If taken in the wrong way，the medicine will have some side________and________your health.‎ A．effect；affect B．affects；effect C．effects；affect D．effects；affects （4） With the government's aid，those________by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.‎ A．affect B．affecting C．affected D．were affected ‎6.offer ‎(1)vt.‎(主动)提供/给予，出(价)，提出 向某人提供某物 offer sb money for sth开/出价给某人买某物 offer sb sth for money以……价格卖给某人……‎ offer to do sth主动提出要做什么 offer oneself as...毛遂自荐……‎ She offered to carry the box for her mother.‎ 她提出要帮她母亲搬箱子。‎ I offered him a glass of wine.‎ 我敬了他一杯酒。‎ We offered him the house for 5,000 dollars.‎ 我们以5 000美元的价卖给他那所房子。‎ I offered him 5,000 dollars for the house.‎ 我出价5 000美元买他那所房子。‎ He offered himself as a guide.‎ 他毛遂自荐作一名向导。‎ ‎(2)n.出价，提议，意图 accept/take an offer(of sth/to do sth)接受(做……的)提议 make an offer to do sth主动要做……‎ You ought to accept the offer.‎ 你应该接受别人主动提出的帮助。‎ Thank you for your offer of help/your offer to help.‎ 感谢你提供的帮助。‎ 单项填空 ‎ (1)I have been_________a large sum of money to go away，but I am determined to stay here.‎ A．suffered B．forced C．allowed D．offered ‎(2)—Why did you leave that position?‎ ‎—I_________a better position at IBM.‎ A．offer B．offered C．am offered D．was offered ‎(3)—Can I help you with it?‎ ‎—I appreciate your________，but I can manage it myself. ‎ A．advice B．question C．offer D．idea ‎7.harm ‎(1)n.伤害，损害，危害 对……有害 do no harm无害 mean no harm(to...)(对……)没有恶意，无意伤害别人 do more harm than good弊多利少，坏处大于好处 e to no harm没有受到伤害 He meant no harm；he was just joking.‎ 他并无恶意，仅仅是开玩笑。‎ The heavy rain did a lot of harm to the crops.‎ 大雨对庄稼造成很大的损害。‎ ‎(2)v.损害，伤害，危害 Don't harm your eyes by reading in the dim light.‎ 别在昏暗的光线下看书，这样会伤害你的眼睛。‎ Getting up early won't harm you!‎ 早起对你无害。‎ harmful adj.有害的，伤害的 be harmful to sb/sth对……有害 harmless adj.无害的，无恶意的 hurt/wound/injure/harm辨析 hurt：伤害，可指肉体上的轻伤，也可指感情上的挫伤。还可指人身体部位疼痛、刺痛。‎ wound：刺伤，常指在打斗中，由外来暴力造成的刀伤、枪伤、剑伤，程度较重。‎ injure：伤害，受伤，多指意外事故对肉体、健康造成的伤害。‎ harm：伤害，多指给人的肉体或精神带来的伤害、不安或不便，尤指对健康造成损害。‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)The child fell over but__________________(没有伤着).‎ ‎(2)I hurt her feelings，but_____________________________(我并无恶意)．‎ 单项填空 ‎(3)Giving children whatever they want________.‎ A．do them harm B．harm them C．does harm for them D．is harmful to them ‎(4)Mrs.Green's car ran into a large tree and she________in the accident.‎ A．got badly hurt B．was injured badly C．got badly wounded D．was wounded badly ‎(5)My chest ________when I make a deep breath，doctor.‎ A．harms B．wounds C．hurts D．injures ‎8.fashion n．流行，时尚，时髦 be in/out of fashion正在/不再流行 e into fashion流行起来 go out of fashion渐渐过时 follow the fashion赶时髦 a fashion show时装表演 The skirt is out of fashion.这件裙子过时了。‎ 翻译句子 ‎(1)这些歌曲已经不流行了。‎ ‎______________________________________________________‎ 单项填空 ‎(2)G3 mobile phones have e into________.Many young people love to use it.‎ A．power B．fashion C．effect D．view ‎9.fancy vt.想像；想要做；幻想n.幻想，爱好，设想 take the fancy of...引起……的喜爱 fancy doing...想像做……，想要做……‎ fancy one's doing想像某人做……‎ fancy sb to be/as...想像某人是……‎ I can't fancy his doing such a thing.‎ 我真无法想像他会做这样一件事。‎ Fancy meeting so many old friends here!‎ 真想不到在这里遇到这么多老朋友。‎ 完成句子 ‎(2)我从未想到他会成为歌手。‎ I have never____________________________________a singer.‎ ‎(3)今晚我不想呆在家里。‎ I don't________________________________tonight.‎ ‎10.suggestion n．建议，提议 reject one's suggestion拒绝某人的建议 make a suggestion提出/做出建议 open to suggestions欢迎提建议 at/on sb's suggestion按照某人的建议 考点提示：‎ suggestion(建议，提议)对应的主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”‎ ‎，should可以省略。‎ My suggestion is that we(should)prepare for the examination tonight.‎ 我的提议是今晚为考试作准备。‎ The suggestion that we (should)hold an English evening is so great.‎ 我们将举行一个英语晚会的建议真是太好了。‎ suggest v.‎ ‎(1)vt.建议，提议 suggest She suggested a visit to the park this afternoon.‎ 她建议今天下午去参观那个公园。‎ My mother suggested our/us going to the cinema.‎ 我母亲建议我们去看电影。‎ We suggested that we (should)finish the work ahead of time.我们建议提前完成工作。‎ ‎(2)vt.暗示，表明 suggest Her suntanned face suggests excellent health.‎ 她那被太阳晒黑的脸表明她非常健康。‎ What the boy said suggested that he was honest.‎ 这个男孩所说的话表明他很诚实。‎ 注意：suggest不能用于suggest sb(not)to do sth。‎ ‎(1)Bill suggested________a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.‎ A．having held B．to hold C．holding D．hold ‎(2)The fact that so many people still smoke in public place________that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the riks of smoking.‎ A．suggest B．suggests C．suggested D．suggesting 答案：1.句意：豁达而乐观使她成为了能用自己的微笑把阳光传递给他人的那种女人。A项意思是“害羞而小心”，B项是“敏感而多虑”，C项是“诚实而自信”，D项是“豁达而乐观”。根据句意和语法应选D项。答案　D ‎2.(1)D　(2)B ‎3.(1)flooded in　(2)A flood of people　(3)flooded with ‎（4.）考查非谓语动词。句意：当我们参观我的老家时， 记忆涌上心头。flooding back为现在分词短语作方式状语。答案　A ‎4.句意：我正在存钱是为了我去欧洲旅行的梦想能够实现。 e true不能用被动语态； realize和 turn into a reality应该用被动语态。答案　A　‎ ‎5.(1)was affected　(2)have a bad effect on　(3)C ‎（4）解析　考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：在政府的帮助下，那些受地震影响的人们已经搬到了新的居住区。 those 是指受到地震影响的人，所以用被动形式。 答案　C ‎6.(1)D　(2)D ‎(3)解析　句意：——需要帮忙吗？——谢谢帮忙的好意，我自己能行。本题考查名词辨析。advice意见，建议；question问题；offer(为某人做某事或给某人某事物的)提议，建议；idea观点，看法。根据句意可知选C项。答案　C ‎7.(1)came to no harm　(2)I meant no harm (3)D　(4)B　(5)C ‎8.(1)These songs have been out of fashion. (2)B ‎9.(1)C　(2)fancied him to be/fancied his being (3)fancy staying at home ‎10.(1)解析　句意：比尔建议开一个关于假期为上海世博会做点什么的会议。 suggest 后要接动名词作宾语。A 项是现在分词的完成时，表示动作发生在suggest之前，由句意可知不合题意，故排除。答案　C ‎(2)解析　考查主谓一致。句意：在公共场所仍有很多人抽烟的事实表明我们需要一个全国运动来提高人们对于吸烟危害的认识。the fact是主语；that so many people still smoke in public place是同位语从句。这是现在的情况，所以用一般现在时。 答案　B