高考状语从句考点复习要点 18页

高 考 状 语 从 句 考 点 复习 一 状语从句高考的考查特点 ‎1. 试题的设问呈现出交叉和综合的特点 ‎(不同性质的连词; 定语从句和名词性从句的干扰 ‎2. 题干句的情景化增强,句意理解难度提高 二能力要求：‎ ‎1.了解状语从句的分类情况及各种状语从句中经常使用的连词 ‎2.能够在真实的语境中判定从句与主句的逻辑关系,从而能够使用恰当的连词完成交际. ‎ ‎3.能够辨别同类状语从句中近似连词的用法区别.‎ 三　状语从句的定义、功能、分类 定义：在复合句中作状语的从句 功能：状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词，形容词或副词，或整个主句 分类：按意义可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等状语从句。‎ 从句的位置放在句首，也可放在句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用一个逗号，放在句末时，从句前一般不用逗号。‎ ‎▲ 常见考点： ‎ 考点一、主句与从句的时态呼应问题； ‎ 考点二、连接词的选择（注意区别几组连接词：while / as / when引导时间状语从句；because / since / as / for引导原因状语从句；if / unless引导条件状语从句；so…that / such…that引导结果状语从句等）； ‎ 考点三、状语从句与非谓语动词之间的替换； ‎ 考点四、状语从句的倒装结构（hardly / scarcely…when；no sooner…than等） ‎ 考点五、根据从句与主句的逻辑关系选用从属连词；2.根据从属连词的词义。‎ ‎★四、 分类：状语从句按其作用可分为九类。‎ ‎1．时间状语从句 常见的从属连词有：(注意其汉语意义 when, while, as, before, after, since, until (till once as soon as, the moment, the minute, immediately, directly, each/every time, the first time, the last time, next time, by the time, whenever等。例如：‎ Every/Each time I was in trouble, he would come to my help. ‎ I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her.‎ 注意：（1）when, while, as的区别：‎ ‎1when引导从句时，主从句的动作有先有后，也可以同时进行,从句的动作可以是持续性的，也可以是短暂的。如：‎ When I got to the airport, the plane had already taken off. （主先从后）（短暂性）‎ When I lived there, I used to go to the seaside on Sundays. (同时 （持续性）‎ When the movie ended, the people went back. （从先主后）‎ ‎2while侧重主从句动作的对比，且从句的动词必须是持续性的。如：‎ While we were chatting she was looking at the time table on the wall．‎ ‎3as引导从句时侧重主从句动作同时或几乎同时进行，从句的动作可以是持续性的，也可以是短暂的。如：‎ Sometimes I watch TV as I am having breakfast．‎ ‎4）when和while还可以是并列连词，意分别为“就在这时”，“然而”。eg. I was having a rest on the sofa when the telephone rang．‎ They were surprised that a child should work out the problem while they couldn’t .‎ 注：并列连词when常用与以下句型中：‎ ‎①…was/were doing…when…（正在做…突然） ②…was/were about to do…when…（刚要做…突然）‎ ‎③…was/were on the point of doing…when…(刚要做…突然 ④…had just done…when….(刚一…就 ‎⑤Hardly/Scarcely had…done…when…(刚一…就 ‎(2before引导从句时,词义非常灵活，注意下列句子中的before的词义：‎ ‎①.Before I could get in a word, the tailor had measured me.(还没来得及就 ②We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired.(还没…就 ③.We had sailed 4 days before we saw land.(…才… ④.Please write it down before you forget it.(趁还…没就 ‎(3till (until 和not…till (until till (until:主句谓语动词必须是持续性的，意思是“到…为止“如：He remained there till/until she arrived.‎ not…till (until…: 主句谓语动词必须是短暂性的，意思是“直到…才”如：She won’t go to bed till/until he returns home.‎ not…until还有强调式和倒装式：‎ 强调句：It is not until he returns home that she will go to bed. 倒装句：Not until he returns home will she go to bed.‎ ‎(4几个极易混淆的时间状语从句：‎ It was +时间点+when…（当的时候时间是） ‎ It was 5 am when we arrived at the village.‎ It was/will be+时间段+before…(没过…就／过了…才 ‎ It was/will be two weeks before we met/meet again.‎ It is /has been +时间段+since…（自从…以来有…） ‎ It is/has been 3 years since we last met.‎ 突破点：一看be动词的时态，二看时间段还是时间点。‎ 注意：在“It is /has been +时间段+since…”句型中，从句的动词必须是短暂性的，如果是延续性的动词，时间要从从句的动作结束时算起。如： It is 3 years since I smoked.( 我戒烟有三年了 ‎2．条件状语从句　‎ 常见的从属连词有：if, unless, as/so long as , as/so far as, on condition that , in case(万一 , the more…, the more…等。如：‎ As/So far as I can see ( am concerned, it will be impossible for them to finish the task.‎ The more books you read, the happier you will feel．(前面为从句 ‎3．原因状语从句　常见的从属连词有：because, since, now that , as等。‎ 注意because, since, as的区别：‎ ‎１）why的语气最强，它引导的从句比主句更重要，从句的位置可前可后；例外回答why的问句必须使用because。如：‎ ‎-Why were you absent from the meeting yesterday?-Because I was ill.‎ ‎2since和now that意为“既然”，语气仅次于because,从句的位置一般在前面。Since everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting．‎ ‎3as的语气比since更弱，意思是“由于”，从句的位置可前可后。如：‎ As you didn’t turn up at yesterday’s get-together, we missed you very much．‎ ‎４）*for也有“因为”之意，但for是并列连词常用来来补充说明原因或用来表示推断的依据，前面常带逗号。如：‎ It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet．‎ ‎4．让步状语从句　常见的从属连词有：though, although, as, even if / though, no matter wh-， wh-ever, whether…or…等。‎ 如：However late/No matter how late he is, his family will wait for him to have dinner together.‎ Child as he is, he knows a lot. (as引导的让步状语从句必须倒装 Whether it is fine or not, I will go boating．‎ ‎5．地点状语从句　常见的从属连词有：*where, wherever等。 如：Put the book where it is．‎ ‎6．比较状语从句　常见的从属连词有：*as…as, *not so (as…as, *than等。‎ 注意：(1在表达倍数时，可用三种句型：‎ ‎1A…＋倍数＋比较级＋than B 如：This building is twice taller than that one．‎ ‎2A…＋倍数＋as原级as＋B 如：This building is three times as tall as that one．‎ ‎3A…＋倍数＋the size(height, weight, length etc． ＋of B ‎ 如：This building is three times the size of that one．‎ ‎(2 三种句型变式：‎ ‎① 倍数＋more＋名词＋than ② 倍数＋as many/much ＋名词＋as Americans eat more than twice as many vegetables per person today as they did in 1910. ‎ It is reported that the United States uses twice as much energy as the whole of Europe.‎ ‎7．方式状语从句　常见的从属连词有：as , as if / though 等．‎ 注意：as if / though引导的从句常用虚拟语气，表示非真实情况．‎ He talks about the moon as if he had been there．(从句动作先发生 She treated the boy as if he were/was her own child．(主从句动作同时发生 ‎8．目的状语从句　常见的从属连词有：so that, that, in order that，in case (以免,‎ for fear that，lest（以免）等。‎ 如：Most students go to college (so that they can be engineers, teachers or chemists．‎ 注意：从句中的情态动词can, could, may, might等提示为目的状语从句．‎ ‎9．结果状语从句　常见的从属连词有：so…that, such…that , so that等。如：‎ He earned so little money that he couldn’t support his family.‎ It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park..‎ Tom studied very hard so that he passed the exam.‎ 五、用法灵活的as, when, while 引导的状语从句 ‎1. as可以引导时间、原因、让步、比较和方式等5种状语从句。‎ ‎2. when可以引导时间、条件和原因等3种状语从句。‎ How can we explain it to you when(=if you won't listen.‎ It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in 5 minutes ‎3. while可以引导时间、让步、条件和原因等4种状语从句。‎ While(=Though I like the color of the hat, I don’t like its shape.‎ While(=As long as there is life there is hope.‎ ‎--I’m going to the post office. –While(=Since you are there, can you get me some stamps?‎ 六、状语从句的省略——当时间、条件、让步、方式和比较状语从句的主语与主句一致或为it 或there且谓语动词含be动词时，从句中的主语和谓语可以一起省去。如：‎ Don’t speak until spoken to.( 省略了you are I have no money. If any, I will lend you some. ( 省略了there is Though cold, he still wore a shirt. ( 省略了it was Some flowers shut up at night as if to sleep. ( 省略了they were 七、状语从句与定语从句的转换 ‎1Make marks where you have questions．(地点状语从句 ‎→Make marks at the places where you have questions．(定语从句 ‎2It is such an advanced theory that few people understand it.(结果状语从句 ‎→It is such an advanced theory as few people understand．(定语从句 巩固练习 ‎1 __________, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting. (2007重庆 A. Strange as might it sound ‎ B. B.As it might sound strange C. As strange it might sound ‎ D. Strange as it might sound ‎2. ____ tomorrow, our ship will set sail for Macao.‎ ‎(2007上海春 A. However the weather is like ‎ B. However is the weather like C. Whatever is the weather like ‎ D. Whatever the weather is like ‎3. ____________, he talks a lot about his favourite singers after class. (2005重庆 A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student ‎4. ________ he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience.(2006全国1‎ A. Since B. Unless C. As D. Although ‎5. _________, I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week.(2004上海春 A. However the story is amusing B. No matter amusing the story is C. However amusing the story is D. No matter how the story is amusing ‎6 ---I hear Johnson was badly injured in the accident.‎ ‎---____ , let’s go and see him.‎ A. What’s more B. If so ‎ C. Where possible D. When necessary ‎7 A beam of light will not bend round unless____ to do so with the help of a reflecting device.‎ A. having been made B. being made ‎ C. made D. you make ‎8 Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent patients do not take drugs ____ directed.‎ A.like B. so C. which D. as 答案：DDBDCBCD 条件状语从句 条件状语从句常见连词：if表示正面条件“如果”，unless表示反面条件，“如果不”，还有一组意思非常相近的连词：provided，suppose，as long as，incase，on condition that，表示“只要，假如，假使，在…条件下”等意思。‎ 条件状语从句一般考查三点：1在条件状语从句中常用一般时表示将要发生的动作。(如2004吉林27题 2if，unless，incase是考查重点。3when还可表条件，这一点不可忽视。意思是：既然，考虑到。如：‎ How can they learn anything when they spend all their spare time watching television？他们把所有空闲的时间都用来看电视了，还能学到什么东西呢？‎ ‎2004-2006年各省市高考共考查八次：‎ ‎1._____you call me to say you're not coming，I'll see you at the theatre.(2004吉林27‎ A.Though B.Whether C.Until D.Unless ‎2.---What would you do if it ___ tomorrow？‎ ‎---We have to carry it on，since we've got everything ready.(2005全国I9‎ A.rain B.rains C.will rain D.is raining ‎3.You must keep on working in the evening____you are sure you can finish the task in time.(2005安徽22‎ A.as B.if C.when D.unless ‎4._______you've tried it，you can't imagine how pleasant it is.(2006北京33‎ A.Unless B.Because C.Although D.When ‎5.In time of serious accidents，____we know some basic things about first aid，we can save lives.(2006重庆23‎ A.whether B.until C.if D.unless ‎6.We won't keep winning games____we keep playing well.(2006浙江2‎ A.because B.unless C.when D.while ‎7.____environmental damages is done，it takes many years for the ecosystem to recover.(2006江苏31‎ A.Even if B.If only C.While D.Once ‎8.How can you expect to learn anything______you never listen？(2006山东31‎ A.in case B.even if C.unless D.when ‎■让步状语从句 让步状语从句的连词有：thoughalthough“尽管”，even ifeven though“即使”，no matter how(what，when，which，who，where，however(whatever，whenever，whichever，whoever，wherever“无论”，as“尽管”。‎ 注意：1.although与though可互换，都可以与yet，still或nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。2.Asthough从句放在主句之首，须用倒装语序。3However引导让步状语从句时后紧跟形容词或副词。(此点考查频率最高。4.While也可引导让步状语从句，这一点特容易被考生忽视。(但2004江苏23题却涉及这一考点5.Whatever修饰名词，“无论什么”，however修饰形容词、副词，“无论多么，无论怎么”。6.even ifeven though(即使与as ifas though(好像这两组学生容易混淆，也是出题者关注的对象，平时要记准含义。(2005湖南23‎ 让步状语从句详讲 ‎　　一、 whatever， whoever， wherever， whenever， however等引导的让步状语从句。‎ ‎　　这类词引导的让步状语从句可以和no matter what/who/where/when/how等引导的让步状语从句换用，意为“无论……，都……”。解这一类题目时，要注意连词在让步状语从句中所作的句子成分，另外，还要注意从句的语序。例如：‎ ‎　　1. ________tomorrow，our ship will set sail for Macao. （2007 上海春）‎ ‎　 　A. However the weather is like B. However is the weather like ‎　　 C. Whatever is the weather like D. Whatever the weather is like ‎　　2. This is a very interesting book. I’ll buy it ________.（2006 陕西）‎ ‎　　 A. how much may it cost B. no matter how it may cost ‎　　 C. however much it may cost D. how may it cost ‎　　3. The old tower must be saved， ________the cost.（2005浙江）‎ ‎　　 A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. wherever ‎　4. He tried his best to solve the problem， ________difficult it was.（2005天津）‎ ‎　 　A. however B. no matter 　C. whateverD. although ‎5._________， I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week.（2004上海春）‎ ‎　　 A. However the story is amusing B. No matter amusing the story is ‎　　 C. However amusing the story is D. No matter how the story is amusing ‎　　6. You should try to get a good night’s sleep ________much work you have to do.（2004湖北）‎ ‎　　 A. however B. no matter C. although D. whatever ‎　　Keys: DCBACA ‎　　二、 although/though引导的让步状语从句 ‎　　although和though引导让步状语从句时意为“尽管，虽然”，二者一般可以换用。要注意although 和though不能和but连用，但可以和yet或still连用。例如：‎ ‎　　1. We had to wait half an hour ________we had already booked a table.（2007辽宁）‎ ‎　 　A. sinceB. althoughC. until D. before ‎　　2. ________he has limited technical knowledge， the old worker has a lot of experience.（2006全国I）‎ ‎　　 A. Since B. unless C. AsD. Although ‎　　Keys: BD ‎　　三、 even if/even though引导的让步状语从句。‎ ‎　　even if/even though意为“即使，尽管”，引导的让步状语从句的内容既可以是事实，也可以是一种假设。例如：‎ ‎　　1. Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice， ________ they knew it to be valuable.（2007浙江）‎ ‎　　A. as if B. now that C. even though D. so that ‎　　2. There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely， ________she was an only child.（2005辽宁）‎ ‎　　A. ever since B. now that C. even though D. even as ‎　　3. Allow children the space to voice their opinions， ________they are different from your own.（2005湖南）‎ ‎　　A. until B. even if C. unlessD. as though ‎　　Keys: CCB ‎　　四、 as引导的让步状语从句。‎ ‎　　as引导让步状语从句时，意为“尽管，虽然”，从句多位于主句之前，而且必须使用倒装语序。通常如果从句中有形容词或名词作表语，则把表语置于句首，而且名词前要省略冠词；如果从句中有修饰动词的副词，则将该副词置于句首；如果从句中有情态动词，则将情态动词后的动词原形置于句首。例如：‎ ‎　　1._________， his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.（2007重庆）‎ ‎　　 A. Strange as might it sound B. As it might sound strange ‎　　 C. As strange it might sound D. Strange as it might sound ‎　　2._________， Carolina couldn’t get the door open.（2005广东）‎ ‎　　 A. Try as she might B. As she might try ‎　　 C. She might as try D. Might she as try ‎　　3._________， he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.（2005重庆）‎ ‎　　 A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be ‎　　 C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student ‎　　Keys: DAB ‎　　五、 while引导的让步状语从句。‎ ‎　　while引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”，相当于although。例如：‎ ‎　　1.________I really don’t like art， I find his work impressive. （2007 山东）‎ ‎　　 A．As B．Since C．If D．While ‎　　2. ________I accept that he is not perfect， I do actually like the person.（2004江苏）‎ ‎　　 A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless ‎　　3. ________modeling business is by no means easy to get into， the good model will always be in demand.（2004浙江）‎ ‎　　 A. While B. Since C. As D. If ‎　　Keys: DAA ‎　　六、 whether…or…引导的让步状语从句。‎ ‎　　whether…or…引导让步状语从句，意为“不管…还是…”。例如：‎ ‎　　— Dad， I’ve finished my assignment.‎ ‎　　— Good， and ________you play or watch TV， you mustn’t disturb me.（2003上海）‎ ‎　　 A. whenever B. whether C. whatever D. no matter ‎2004-2006年各省市高考共考查九次：‎ ‎1._______，I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week.(2004上海春43‎ A.However the story is amusing B.No matter amusing the story is C.However amusing the story is D.No matter how the story is amusing ‎2.____I accept that he is not perfect，I do actually like the person.(2004江苏23‎ A.While B.Since C.Before D.Unless ‎3.You should try to get a good night's sleep______much work you have to do.(2004湖北27‎ A.however B.no matter C.although D.whatever ‎4.He tried his best to solve the problem，_____difficult it was.(2005天津5‎ A.however B.no matter C.whatever D.although ‎5.Allow children the space to voice their opinion，_____they are different from your own.(2005湖南23‎ A.until B.even if C.unless D.asthough ‎6.The old tower must be saved，________the cost.(2005浙江7‎ A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.wherever ‎7.There was never anytime for Kate to feel lonely，______she was an only child.(2005辽宁34‎ A.ever since B.now that C.even though D.even as ‎8.___he has limited technical knowledge，the old worker has a lot of experience.(2006全国卷I28‎ A.Since B.Unless C.As D.Although ‎9.This is a very interesting book.I'll buy it，_____.(2006陕西20‎ A.how much may it cost B.no matter how it may cost C.however much it may cost D.how may it cost ‎■时间状语从句 时间状语从句连词有：when，as，while，before，after，since，tilluntil，as soon as，once，……‎ 考查重点：‎ ‎1when的用法：was doing…whenhas just done…when“正在做某事….突然发生另一件事”。‎ ‎2.几种特殊句型与强调结构的区别：‎ It is + 时刻 + when…‎ It is/has been + 段时 + since…‎ It will be/was + 段时 + before (现在时/过去时.“过一段时间…才”(2006福建25‎ ‎3.before的用法：‎ A：表“还未来得及…就…”‎ B：表“过一段时间才…”，当主句谓语动词受一段时间的状语修饰时。‎ ‎4.until的用法：在not…until结构中，谓语用短暂性动词，“直到…才”‎ 谓语为延续性动词，用until表“一直持续到…”。‎ ‎2004-2006年各省市高考考查13次：‎ ‎1.We were swimming in the lake_____suddenly the storm started.(2004北京春26‎ A.when B.while C.until D.before ‎2.It was evening____ we reached the little town of Winchester.(2004天津32‎ A.that B.until C.since D.before ‎3.You can eat food free in my restaurant_____you like.(2004重庆21‎ A.whenever B.wherever C.whatever D.however ‎4.Scientists say it may be five or six years______it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.(2004福建31‎ A.since B.after C.before D.when ‎5.We told that we should follow the main road_____we reached the central railway station.(2004辽宁27‎ A.whenever B.until C.while D.wherever ‎6.It is almost five years____we saw each other last time.(2005北京23‎ A.before B.since C.after D.when ‎7.Simon thought his computer was broken______his little brother pointed out that he had forgotten to turn it on.(2005北京春35‎ A.until B.unless C.after D.because ‎8.The American Civil War lasted four years_____the North won in the end.(2005广东30‎ A.after B.before C.when D.then ‎9.--Did Jack come back early last night？(2005福建24‎ ‎--Yes.It was not yet eight o'clock_____he arrived home.‎ A.before B.when C.that D.until ‎10.“You can't have this football back_____you promise not to kick it at my cat again.”the old man said firmly.(2006广东31‎ A.because B.since C.when D.until ‎11.I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel____I heard the steps.(2006湖南31‎ A.while B.when C.since D.after ‎12.--How long do you think it will be___China sends a manned spaceship to the moon？‎ ‎--Perhaps two or three years.(2006福建25‎ A.when B.until C.that D.before ‎13.--Why didn't you tell him about the meeting？(2006四川35‎ ‎--He rushed out of the room____I could say a word.‎ A.before B.until C.when D.after ‎■地点状语从句 地点状语从句由where.wherever引导。where指“在某个地方”，wherever指“无论哪里，在任何一个地方”，在使用时：一要注意两者的含义区别。二要注意状语从句和定语从句的区别。三要注意在状语从句中不可使用介词+which引导。四要注意what在名词从句中表“地点”。出题者既考状语从句又考定语从句和状语从句的区别。还加入名词性从句这一干扰项。‎ ‎2004-2006年各省市高考考查了3次：‎ ‎1.If you are traveling____the customs are really foreign to your own，please do as the Romans do.(2006天津5‎ A.in which B.what C.when D.where ‎2.In peace，too，the Red Cross is expected to send help____there is human suffering.(2006江西27‎ A.whoever B.however C.whatever D.wherever ‎3.--Mom，what did your doctor say？(2006四川23‎ ‎--He advised me to live____the air is fresher.‎ A.in where B.in which C.the place where D.where ‎■原因状语从句 连词有：because，as，since，now that 注意：for表示的原因并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因，只是提供一些有利于说明情况的补充说明。且不可位于主句前。‎ ‎2004-2006年各省市高考考查两次：‎ ‎1.Parents should take seriously their children's requests for sunglasses____eye protection is necessary in sunny weather.(2004.上海39‎ A.because B.though C.unless D.if ‎2.Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada，____this was a memory she especially treasured.(2006广东26‎ A.as B.if C.when D.where ‎■目的状语从句和结果状语从句 目的状语从句连词有：incase“以免，以防万一”sothat，inorderthat“为了……，以便……”。sothat引导状语从句只能置于主句之后。inorderthat引导状语从句可放主句之前或之后。目的状语从句的谓语常含有can，could，may，might，would等情态动词。这也是与结果状语从句的一个区别。‎ 结果状语从句的连词有：so that，so…that，such…that.结果状语放在主句之后。‎ 注意：在so…that，such…that结构中一般成分齐全。这也是与as引导定语从句的区别。在so…as，such…as这一结构中，as引导定语从句，在句中做成分。‎ ‎2004-2006年各省市高考考查四次：‎ ‎1.Roses need special care____they can live through winter.(2004全国卷I25‎ A.because B.so that C.even if D.as ‎2.I'd like to arrive 20 minutes early____I can have time for a cup of tea.(2005北京33‎ A.as soon as B.as a result C.in case D.so that ‎3.You'd better take something to read when you go to see the doctor____you have to wait.(2005广东26‎ A.even if B.as if C.in case D.in order that ‎4.His plan was such a good one____we all agreed to accept it.(2006陕西9‎ A.so B.and C.that D.as Keys：‎ ‎■条件状语从句1-8：DBDACBDD ‎■让步状语从句1-9：CAAABBCDC ‎■时间状语从句1-13：ADACBBABBDBDA ‎■地点状语从句1-3：DDD ‎■原因状语从句1-2：AA ‎■目的状语从句和结果状语从句1-4：BDCC