最高考2015高考英语江苏语法精讲精练专题九 名词性从句常考点 9页

专题九　名词性从句常考点 在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫作名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句和表语从句。名词性从句是英语中的一个重要语法项目，在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词that，whether，if(不充当从句的任何成分)；连接代词what，whatever，who，whoever，whom，whose，which；连接副词when，where，how，why。‎ 　　 It is...和There is... ‎ It is...句型中it为形式主语，真正的主语为动名词、不定式或从句，而There is意为“有……”，有时be也可以用exist，remain等替代。‎ 用it，there填空：‎ ‎①________ is a pity that he was absent.‎ ‎②________ is a fact that he has lied to you.‎ ‎③________ is no wonder that he is so excited.‎ ‎④________ is no need to worry about it.‎ ‎⑤________ is no sense/point (in) arguing with him.‎ ‎⑥________ is no doubt that he has gone.‎ ‎【答案】①It　②It　③It　④There　⑤There　⑥There 　　从句作主语时的谓语动词形式 ‎ 主语从句作主语相当于第三人称单数作主语，谓语动词用单数；如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。‎ 用所给词的适当形式填空：‎ ‎①That the president is coming ________(excite) all of us.‎ ‎②How close parents are to their children ________(have) a strong influence on their character.‎ ‎③When and where the meeting will be held ____________(not decide) yet.‎ ‎【答案】①excites　②has　③isn't decided/hasn't been decided 　　宾语从句的时态和语序 ‎ 宾语从句中的时态要注意呼应。当主句中的谓语是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同的时态。当主句中的谓语是过去时态，从句则要用相应的过去时态(如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等)；当从句表示的是客观真理、科学真理、自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。宾语从句语序要用陈述语序(what is/was the matter除外)。‎ ‎①The photographs will show you ________．‎ A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like ‎②Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ________．‎ A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is ‎③Hello，I didn't know you ________(be) in London. How long have you been here?‎ ‎④I thought he ________(be) coming tomorrow.‎ ‎⑤The teacher told us that light ________(travel) at a very high speed.‎ ‎【答案】①B　②D　③were　④was　⑤travels 　　表语从句中的常见句型 ‎ 常用的句型有：The reason is that...；It is because...；That's why...；That's where...。‎ 完成下列句子：‎ ‎①The reason ________ he is absent from school is ________ he is ill.‎ ‎＝He is ill. That's ________ he is absent from school.‎ ‎＝He is absent from school. That's ________ he is ill.‎ ‎②The reason ________ he gave was ________ he was caught in the traffic jam.‎ ‎③That's ________ I disagree/the problem lies/I have doubt/you are mistaken.‎ That's ________ I disagree about/the problem lies in/I have doubt about/you are mistaken about.‎ ‎【答案】①why；that；why；because　②which；that/不填 ‎③ where；what 　　同位语从句和定语从句的辨别 ‎ 同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。连接词 that引导同位语从句时，应在某些抽象名词之后，如：fact，hope，story，thought，suggestion，idea，news，possibility，feeling，doubt，truth，wish，word(消息)，request，information，order，message等，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用。同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。定语从句中的that是关系代词，既起引导从句的作用，同时又在从句中充当主语或宾语，而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。‎ 完成下列句子：‎ ‎①The news ________ he told us excited us.‎ The news ________ our team won the game excited us.‎ ‎②The fact ________ he collected was surprising.‎ The fact ________ he said nothing was surprising.‎ ‎③There is a chance/possibility ________ he will lose the game.‎ ‎＝________ are that he will lose the game.‎ ‎④Information has been put forward ________ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.‎ ‎【答案】①that/which/不填；that　②that/which/不填；that　③that；Chances　④that 　　what和that的用法 ‎ ‎①what可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，并且替代名词性从句中所缺的主语、宾语或表语(尤其注意what引导的从句作介词宾语)，相当于“名词或代词＋that/which”；另外，what不能引导定语从句。‎ ‎②that在名词性从句中只引导从句，不充当成分。如：‎ That he said nothing at the meeting surprised us.‎ ‎[注]介词后不接that从句，除了in that...和except that...。‎ that引导两个以上的宾语从句，第一个that可省略，其后的that都不可省略。that引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时，that不可省略。‎ 完成下列句子：‎ ‎①The school is no longer ________ it used to be.‎ ‎＝The school is no longer the one________ it used to be.‎ ‎②Finally he told us everything ________ he had seen.‎ ‎＝Finally he told us ________ he had seen.‎ ‎③They arrived in ________ was once a school.‎ ‎＝They arrive in the place ________ was once a school.‎ ‎④Don't care ________ others think about you.‎ ‎⑤Do you know ________ they do with waste paper?‎ ‎【答案】①what；that　②that；what　③what；that/which ‎④what　⑤what 　　whether和if的区别以及whether和that的区别 ‎ ‎1. if和whether都可译为“是否”，两者引导宾语从句时通常可以互相替换。‎ 而以下几种情况中，只能用whether，不能用if：‎ ‎①强调两方面的选择，特别是句中有or not时。如：‎ Let me know whether you can come or not.‎ ‎②宾语从句前置时。如：‎ Whether this is true，I can't say.‎ ‎③引导主语、表语、同位语从句时。如：‎ Whether the football game will be played depends on the weather. (主语从句)‎ The question is whether he can do it. (表语从句)‎ The question whether we should go with them must be decided at once. (同位语从句)‎ ‎④在介词之后作宾语时。如：‎ I haven't settled the question of whether I'll go back home.‎ Whether we will go there depends on whether it is going to rain.‎ ‎⑤在不定式前与不定式一起组成短语时。如：‎ Whether to go or stay is still a question.‎ ‎[注]if可以引导条件状语从句，有“假如；如果”之意，而whether可以引导让步状语从句，有“不管；无论” 之意。如：‎ ‎　If you ask him，he will help you.‎ Whether he comes or not，we will begin our party on time.‎ ‎2. whether和that的区别：that表示事实，而whether 表示疑问。‎ 完成下列句子：‎ ‎①________ they are twins is clear.‎ ‎________ they are twins is not clear.‎ ‎②There is a question/an argument ________ we have enough time to do it.‎ ‎③The problem is ________ he is poor at English. ‎ The problem is ________ he can improve his English. ‎ ‎【答案】①That；Whether　②whether　③that；how/whether 　　“疑问词＋ever”和“no matter＋疑问词”的区别 ‎ ‎“疑问词＋ever”既可引导名词性从句，在主句中充当一定的成分，又可以引导让步状语从句；但是“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。‎ 完成下列句子：‎ ‎①________ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.‎ ‎________ leaves the room last，he ought to turn off the lights.‎ ‎②He wouldn't listen to ________ I said.‎ ‎________ I said，he wouldn't listen to me.‎ ‎③Sarah hopes to become a friend of ________ shares her interest.‎ ‎________ comes，you mustn't open the door.‎ ‎ ④As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose ________ suits you best. ‎ ‎【答案】①Whoever；Whoever/No matter who　②whatever；Whatever/No matter what　③whoever；Whoever/No matter who　④whichever 　　who和whoever的区别 ‎ who表示疑问；而whoever与anyone who同义。‎ 用who，whoever填空：‎ ‎①________ has stolen the money hasn't been found out yet.‎ ‎②________ has stolen the money should be punished.‎ ‎③I will spare a ticket for the newly－made film to ________ desires to get it.‎ ‎【答案】①Who　②Whoever　③whoever 　　“众所周知”的几种表达 ‎ ‎“众所周知”可以用主语从句、表语从句和非限制性定语从句来表示。‎ 完成下列句子：‎ ‎①________ is known to us all that China is a developing country.‎ ‎②________ is known to us all is that China is a developing country.‎ ‎③________ is known to us all，China is a developing country.‎ ‎④________ we all know，China is a developing country.‎ ‎【答案】①It　②What　③As　④As ‎1. (2014·陕西卷) ________ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.‎ A. Why　　　B. When　　　C. That　　　D. What ‎2. (2014·江苏卷)—What a mess! You are always so lazy!‎ ‎—I'm not to blame, Mum. I am ________ you have made me. ‎ A. how B. what C. that D. who ‎3. (2014·山东卷)It is difficult for us to imagine ________ life was like for slaves in the ancient world. ‎ A. where B. what C. which D. why ‎4. (2014·湖南卷)As John Lennon once said，life is ________ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.‎ A. which B. that C. what D. where ‎5. (2014·大纲卷)Exactly ________ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.‎ A. whether B. why C. when D. how ‎6. (2013·浙江卷)The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ________ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.‎ A. how B. that C. which D. whether ‎7. (2013·安徽卷)From space，the earth looks blue. This is ________ about seventy－one per cent of its surface is covered by water.‎ A. why B. how C. because D. whether ‎8. (2013·陕西卷)It remains to be seen ________ the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice.‎ A. that B. which C. what D. whether ‎9. (2013·天津卷)________ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.‎ A. That B. Which C. Whether D. What ‎10. (2012·江苏卷)The notice came around two in the afternoon ________ the meeting would be postponed.‎ A. when B. that C. whether D. how ‎【答案】1. B　2. B　3. B　4. C　5. C　6. B　7. C　8. D　9. D　10. B ‎1. Where and when we will build the new factory________ yet.‎ A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided ‎2. She is pleased with ________ you have given her and all ________ you have told.‎ A. that；that B. what；which C. what；that D. all；what ‎3. Please put the medicine on the top of the shelf. It's ________ our children can't reach it.‎ A. what B. that C. where D. how ‎4. —Would you tell me ________ you want your tea，with sugar or milk?‎ ‎—Sugar，please.‎ A. whether B. when C. what D. how ‎5. The professor in the end decided to give the prize to________ has a command of English.‎ A. who B. anyone C. whoever D. whomever ‎6. As a new graduate，he doesn't know ________ it takes to start a business here.‎ A. how B. what C. when D. which ‎7. The last time we had great fun was ________ we were visiting the Water Park.‎ A. where B. how C. when D. why ‎8. We should also care about the children from the earthquake－stricken area after ________ seemed to have returned to normal.‎ A. it B. what C. that D. which ‎9. I was surprised by her words，which made me recognize ________ silly mistakes I had made.‎ A. what　　　B. that　　　C. how　　　D. which ‎10. The traditional view is ________ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.‎ A. that B. why C. when D. whether ‎11. —It's thirty years since we last met.‎ ‎—But I still remember the story，believe it or not，________ we got lost on a rainy night.‎ A. which B. that C. what D. when ‎12. With his work completed，the businessman stepped back to his seat，feeling pleased ________ he was a man of action.‎ A. whether B. that C. what D. which ‎13. There is a sign ________ the Chinese food is becoming more and more popular.‎ A. when B. that C. if D. which ‎14. ________ is reported in the newspapers，talks between the two countries are making progress.‎ A. It B. As C. That D. What ‎15. While you've made some mistakes，I believe ________ you've done your best and ________ things will improve.‎ A. that；/ B. /；that C. that；which D. if；that ‎16. The question came at the conference ________ we should do with the sluggish market.‎ A. which B. where C. how D. what ‎17. It's none of your business ________ other people think about you. Believe yourself.‎ A. how B. what C. which D. when ‎18. It seems that we value ________ we are trying to get more than ________ we possess right now.‎ A. what；what B. what；that C. that；that D. that；what ‎19. During the summer holidays，we paid a visit to ________ was once our primary school ________ the workers use as a store.‎ A. what；that B. where；which C. where；that D. which；where ‎20. Our city is no longer ________ it was ten years ago，________ it was quite dirty and noisy.‎ A. what；which B. that；which C. what；when D. that；where ‎21. It suddenly occurred to him ________ he had left his keys in the office.‎ A. whether B. where C. which D. that ‎22. It is uncertain ________ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. ‎ A. that B. what C. how D. whether ‎23. I made a promise to myself ________ this year, my first year in high school, would be different. ‎ A. whether B. what C. that D. how ‎24. Many young people decide to leave for ________ is a good place to live to seek their fortune. ‎ A. where B. what C. which D. that ‎25．The place ________ the bridge is supposed to be built should be ________ the cross river traffic is the heaviest. ‎ A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which ‎26. Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious ________ the problem itself is.‎ A. what B. that C. which D. why ‎27. How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on ________ he goes with, whether his friends or relatives. ‎ A. what B. who C. how D. why ‎28. When the news came ________ the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army. ‎ A. since B. which C. that D. because ‎29. Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That's ________ the best jobs are.‎ A. where B. what C. when D. why ‎30. The chief manager has decided to put ________ he thinks has good qualities in the position of the leadership of the company.‎ A. those who B. anyone C. whomever D. whoever ‎【答案】1. A　2. C　3. C　4. D　5. C　6. B　7. C　8. B ‎9. A　10. A　11. B　12. B　13. B　14. B　15. B　16. D ‎17. B　18. A　19. A　20. C　21. D　22. B　23. C　24. B　25. C　26. A　27. B　28. C　29. A　30. D