最高考高考英语语法精讲精练专题七情态动词和虚拟语气常考点 14页

专题七　情态动词和虚拟语气常考点 近两年考查情态动词和虚拟语气的频率呈上升趋势。从整体上把握情态动词的语法特征和语义特征，能够准确理解不同情态动词的细微差异，认真区别具有相同功能、意思相近的情态动词的用法，在真实的交际情景中印证和领悟情态动词的用法和特征。‎ 　　情态动词所表示的多种含义 ‎ ‎1. can和could的用法 ‎①表示能力。如：‎ I can run fast.‎ ‎②表示客观可能性。如：‎ An experienced driver can have an accident at times.‎ ‎③表示请求和允许。用could 语气更委婉。如：‎ ‎—Can/Could I go now?‎ ‎—Yes，you can.‎ ‎④表示猜测、惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度(主要用于否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中)。如：‎ Can this be true?‎ How can you be so careless!‎ This cannot be done by him.‎ ‎2. may和might的用法 ‎①表示许可。如：‎ You may drive the car.‎ ‎—May/Might I use your pen?‎ ‎—No，you mustn't.‎ ‎②用于祈使句中表示祝愿。如：‎ May you succeed!‎ ‎③表示推测、可能(疑问句不能用于此意)。表推测的might并不是指过去时间，而表示比may把握性略小些。如：‎ He may be very busy now.‎ ‎④用于表示目的或让步状语从句中。如：‎ No matter what difficulties you may come across，you shouldn't give up.‎ ‎3. will和would的用法 ‎①用于各种人称，表示“意志”“意愿”“决心”等。如：‎ I told her to stop crying，but she just would not listen.‎ ‎②用于第二人称的疑问句，表示说话人向对方提出请求。用would比用will语气更客气。如：‎ Will/Would you please keep the door open?‎ ‎③表示真理或习惯，意为“惯于，总是”。 如：‎ She will listen to music alone in her room for hours.‎ He would get up early when he lived in the country.‎ ‎4. should的用法 ‎①表示现在或将来的责任或义务，意为“应该，应当”，这时它可以和 ought to，be supposed to 互换使用。如：‎ You should(＝are supposed to ) complete your test in time.‎ ‎②表示有较大可能实现的猜测、推论，通常意为“可能；总该……吧”，相当于 be expected to。如：‎ They should be home by now，I think.‎ ‎③用于第一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。如：‎ I should think it would be better to try it again. ‎ ‎④用在条件状语从句中，表示语气较强的假设，意为“万一”，这时也可将should置于从句之首，即将should放在主语前面，而省略从属连词if，主句谓语却不一定用虚拟语气。如：‎ Should I (＝If I should) be free tomorrow I will come.‎ ‎⑤用来表示意外、惊喜或者在说话人看来是不可思议的。尤其在以 why，who，how 等开头的修辞疑问句或某些感叹句中常常意为“竟会，居然”。如：‎ A gentleman like him should be rude to a lady!‎ ‎⑥用于虚拟语气句中(略)。‎ ‎5. ought to的用法 表示应该、推测，相当于should。 如：‎ You ought to take care of him.‎ ‎6. shall的用法 ‎①用于第二、三人称，表示说话人的意愿，有“命令”“警告，威胁，强制”“法令条文规则”和“允诺”等意思。 如：‎ You shall have the book when I finish reading.(表允诺)‎ ‎②在疑问句中，shall用于征求对方的意见或请求指示，常用于第一、第三人称。如：‎ Shall we go out for a walk?‎ Where shall he wait for us?‎ ‎7. must的用法 ‎①表示义务、意图或建议，意为“必须，应该，禁止(用于否定句中)”。 如：‎ You must go and see that film—you'd really enjoy it.‎ ‎②表示推测，意为“必定，一定”。‎ ‎[注]must表示推测时的否定式是can't或couldn't(不可能)。‎ ‎　③表示主张，意为“硬要，一定要”。如：‎ If you must go，at least wait till the rain stops.‎ ‎④表示与说话人愿望相反，意为“偏要”。如：‎ The machine must break down at this busy hour. ‎ ‎8. need和dare的用法 ‎①need 作“必要”讲时，既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词。作实义动词时后面的动词不定式要带to，其变化与一般动词相同。作情态动词时，仅用于否定句或疑问句中。 ‎ ‎②dare作为情态动词时，仅用在疑问句、否定句和条件从句中。dare若作实义动词，后面可接带to的不定式，此时to也可以省略。dare与need的用法相似。如：‎ He dares to go there alone.‎ He needs to go there alone.‎ She doesn't dare (to) ask her father.‎ She doesn't need to ask her father.‎ He daren't speak English before such a crowd，dare he?‎ ‎9. used to的用法 used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不存在，在间接引语中，其形式可不变。在疑问句、否定句、否定疑问句或强调句中，可有两种形式。‎ 疑问句 ‎·Did you use to go to the same school as your brother?‎ ‎·Used you to go to the same school as your brother？‎ 否定句 ‎·I usedn't to go there.‎ ‎·I didn't use to go there.‎ 否定疑问句 ‎·Usen't you to be interested in the theatre?‎ ‎·Didn't you use to be interested in the theatre？‎ 其反意疑问句或简略回答中，也有两种形式：‎ She used to be very fat，didn't she？(正式)/use(d)n't she? (口语)‎ ‎—Used you to get up early in the morning? ‎ ‎—Yes，I did(正式)．/Yes，I used to.(口语)‎ ‎10. would rather (not) do　宁愿(不)做 ‎11. had better (not) do　最好(不)做 ‎①I ________ often go fishing when I lived in the countryside.‎ A. should B. would C. could D. might ‎②I've decided to take the job and I ________ change my mind.‎ A. mustn't B. can't C. won't D. may not ‎③“Whatever you want，you ________ have it on condition that you get the best result，” said the boss.‎ A. would B. ought to C. shall D. could ‎④—Why ________ you stay in the countryside，where it's not convenient to go shopping?‎ ‎—But I've found it rather valuable for my health.‎ A. can B. must C. may D. shall ‎⑤—I promise her daughter ________ get a nice present on her birthday.‎ ‎—Will it be a big surprise to her?‎ A. should B. must C. would D. shall ‎⑥She just couldn't believe that her husband，to whom she had been loyal for so many years，________ desert her after he became rich.‎ A. might B. should C. shall D. must ‎⑦—A Mr. Smith is waiting outside for the appointment with you. ________ he come in?‎ ‎—Yes，please let him in.‎ A. Shall B. May C. Will D. Need ‎⑧He is always on time for work. How ________ it be that he was late yesterday?‎ A. can B. might C. may D. must ‎⑨—Lucy doesn't mind lending you her dictionary.‎ ‎—She ________. I've already borrowed one.‎ A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. shouldn't ‎【答案】①B　②C　③C　④B　⑤D　⑥B　⑦A　⑧A　⑨C 　　表示“推测”的情态动词 ‎ 肯定句中用must，may，might，could，当表示理论上的可能性时也可用can；‎ 否定句中用can，may，might，could；‎ 疑问句中用can，could。‎ 用适当的情态动词填空：‎ ‎①________ he be a policeman?‎ ‎②He ________ be a policeman，but I am not sure.‎ ‎③He ________ be a policeman，for he is so short.‎ ‎④He ________ be a policeman，for he is strong and brave.‎ ‎【答案】①Can　②may/might/could　③can't　④must 　　情态动词的完成式 ‎ ‎①must have done表示一定做了某事，只用于肯定句中。如：‎ He must have been a brave boy ten years ago.‎ ‎②can/could have done用于否定句和疑问句中表示推测。‎ ‎③could have done用于肯定句中表示本可以做而事实上未做到，含有委婉批评或遗憾之意。如：‎ I could have come on time，but my car broke on the way.‎ ‎④may/might have done 表示可能做了某事，用于肯定句和否定句(意为“可能不”)中。‎ ‎⑤might have done也可以表示本可以做而事实上未做到，含有委婉批评或遗憾之意。如：‎ She might have done better than that.‎ ‎⑥should (not) have done＝ought (not) to have done表示本应该做但没做或本不应该做但做了，含有责备或悔意。如：‎ I oughtn't to have scolded her for such a small thing.‎ A. 表示“(估计)应该已经……”“大概已经……”，即对过去情况的推测。如：‎ They left at nine，so they should have arrived(＝probably have arrived) home ‎ by now.‎ B. 表示“竟然已经……”“居然已经……”，即表示说话人对已经出现的事态感到惊奇、惊喜、怀疑。如：‎ I'm surprised that he should have been so foolish. ‎ ‎⑦needn't have done 表示本没必要做某事而实际上做了；‎ didn't need to do 表示本没必要做而实际上也未做。如：‎ You needn't have walked so quickly since time was enough.‎ ‎⑧would have done用在虚拟语气句中，表示与过去事实相反。如：‎ If he had told me the truth，I would have gone there.‎ ‎⑨would like/love to have done表示本打算做某事而实际上未做。如：‎ I would like to have read the article，but I was very busy then.‎ ‎⑩had better have done表示本来最好做某事而实际上未做。如：‎ You had better have come earlier，but you didn't.‎ would rather have done 表示当时宁愿做了或没做。如：‎ I would rather have refused his offer.‎ 用适当的情态动词填空：‎ ‎①I was really anxious about you. You ________ not have left without a word.‎ ‎②He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball，otherwise he ________ have scored a goal.‎ ‎③You ________ not have seen him in the street yesterday，for he has been to Japan.‎ ‎【答案】①should　②would/could/might　③can/could 　　一般疑问句中几个情态动词的提问和回答 ‎ 情态动词的回答要根据具体的句意来判断。‎ 完成下列句子：‎ ‎①—Need I go there now?‎ ‎—Yes，you________．‎ ‎—No，you ________．‎ ‎②—Must I do my homework?‎ ‎—Yes，you________．‎ ‎—No，you________．‎ ‎③—May/Might I use your bike?‎ ‎—Yes，you ________．＝Yes，you________．＝Yes，please.＝Sure/Certainly.‎ ‎—No，you ________．‎ ‎④—Can/Could you help me carry the bag?‎ ‎—Yes，I ________．‎ ‎⑤—Will/Would you come to party tonight?‎ ‎—Yes，I________．‎ ‎—Sorry，but I________．‎ ‎⑥—Shall I tell him about it?‎ ‎—No，you ________. I told him just now.‎ ‎【答案】①must；needn't ＝don't have to　②must；needn't＝don't have to　③may；can；mustn't/can't　④can　⑤will；can't　⑥needn't 　　与情态动词有关的固定短语 ‎ ‎①may/might well do　　很可能做 may/might (just) as well do　　不妨做 ‎②cannot/can never...too＝cannot/can never...enough　　越……越好 ‎③would rather do和had better do ‎④A pencil will do (for sth.)＝A pencil will be suitable (for sth.)‎ ‎⑤The car won't start.＝The car can't be started.‎ ‎①I really ________ thank you enough. It's been an amazing day.‎ A. needn't B. shouldn't C. mustn't D. cannot ‎②These are excellent photographs and we ________well use them in our magazine.‎ A. can B. could C. must D. may ‎【答案】①D　②D 　　must和have to ‎ ‎①must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have to则往往强调客观需要；‎ ‎②must一般只表示现在时，have to则有更多的时态形式。‎ 用must和have to的适当形式填空：‎ ‎①I ________ go now for I have got a meeting 15 minutes later.‎ ‎②Jenny ________tidy up the room before her mother came back.‎ ‎【答案】①have to　②had to 　　can，could和be able to的区别 ‎ ‎①can用于现在时，could只用于过去时，be able to可用于各种时态；‎ ‎②表示过去经过努力而做成某事要用was/were able to，而不用could。‎ 用can，could和be able to的适当形式填空：‎ ‎①Although the fire was big，everyone________ escape.‎ ‎②Only in this way will you ________ finish the work in time.‎ ‎【答案】①was able to　②be able to 　　will，would，used to ‎ will，would和used to均表示“习惯”。‎ ‎①will表示不受时间限制的习惯性动作；‎ ‎②would表示过去习惯性的动作，但不涉及与现在情况的对比，后不能跟状态动词；‎ ‎③used to表示过去习惯的动作或状态，但这种习惯现在已不存在了。‎ 用will，would和used to填空：‎ ‎①He ________ be late for school，but now he is seldom late.‎ ‎②She ________ sit for hours without saying anything.‎ ‎③He ________ walk by the river in the morning after he got up.‎ ‎【答案】①used to　②will　③would 　　虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法 ‎ 虚拟条件句 主句 与现在事实相反的假设 过去时 would/could/might do 与过去事实相反的假设 过去完成时 would/could/might have done 与将来事实相反的假设 过去时/should do/were to would/could/might do ‎①错综时间条件句(动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整)。‎ ‎②if省略句(在条件句中可省略if，把were，had，should提到句首，变为倒装句)。‎ ‎③用介词或介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的有with，without，but for。‎ ‎④含蓄条件句。用otherwise或but来体现虚拟语气。‎ 用所给词的适当形式填空：‎ ‎①If you ________(go) to bed earlier last night，you ________(not be) sleepy now.‎ ‎②If you________(not attend) the meeting yesterday，you________(not meet) him.‎ ‎③I ________(be) ill yesterday. Otherwise，I ________(go) there.‎ ‎④I ________(give) you more help，but I was too busy.‎ ‎⑤But for the rain last Sunday，we ________(have) a picnic. ‎ ‎【答案】①had gone；wouldn't be　②hadn't attended；wouldn't have met　③was；would have gone　④would have given ‎⑤would have had 　　as if/as though的用法 ‎ as if/as though引导的从句表示的情况可能会发生用陈述语气，表示的情况不可能发生则用虚拟语气。‎ 用所给词的适当形式填空：‎ ‎①It looks as if it ______________(rain)．‎ ‎②He speaks Chinese so fluently as if he ________(be) a Chinese.‎ ‎③They talked as if they ______(be) friends for many years.‎ ‎【答案】①is going to rain　②were　③had been 　　If only...！句型的使用 ‎ If only＋句子＝How I wish＋that从句，句中用虚拟语气。‎ 用所给词的适当形式填空：‎ ‎①If only I ________(be) a flying bird!‎ ‎②If only I ________(go) home tomorrow!‎ ‎③Look at the terrible situation I am in！If only I ________(follow) your advice.‎ ‎【答案】①were　②would go　③had followed 　　虚拟语气在名词性从句和固定句型中的使用 ‎ ‎①表示建议、愿望、命令等词的名词性从句中，常见的词有demand，order，require，requirement，insist，suggest，suggestion，propose，proposal，advise，advice，recommend，desire，request，urge等，从句虚拟语气结构为 “should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。‎ ‎②It is desired/suggested/proposed/necessary/important/strange/natural/essential/...＋that从句，从句中的谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。‎ ‎③wish (that) sb. did(表现在)/had_done(表过去)/would_do(表将来)(三种虚拟形式)‎ ‎④would rather (that) sb. did(表现在和将来)/had_done(表过去)(两种虚拟形式)‎ ‎⑤It's (about/high) time that sb. did sth./sb. should do sth.‎ 用所给词的适当形式填空：‎ ‎①His face suggested he ________(be) ill and we suggested that he ________(send)‎ ‎ to hospital.‎ ‎②He insisted he ________(be) right and that he ________(set) free.‎ ‎③It is necessary that he ________(send) to Miami.‎ ‎④I would rather he ________(come) tomorrow.‎ ‎⑤It's time that we ________(take) measures.‎ ‎⑥I wish I ________(see) the film yesterday.‎ ‎【答案】①was; (should) be sent　②was；(should) be set　③(should) be sent　④came　⑤took/should take　⑥had seen 　　名词性从句在虚拟语气中的时态 ‎ 如果状语从句是虚拟语气，从句或主句中的名词性从句则根据具体语境确定时态。‎ 用所给词的适当形式填空：‎ ‎①If it were not the fact that she ________(can)not sing，I would invite her to the party tonight.‎ ‎②If you came to our school，you would find that a library ________(build) now.‎ ‎【答案】①can　②is being built ‎1. (2014·江苏卷)It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, ________ bring me food. ‎ A. might B. would C. should D. could ‎2. (2014·北京卷)________ I have a word with you? It won't take long. ‎ A. Can B. Must C. Shall D. Should ‎3. (2014·福建卷)________ no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.‎ A. Were there B. Had there been C. If there are D. If there have been ‎4. (2014·安徽卷)People are recycling many things which they ________ away in the past. ‎ A. had thrown B. will be throwing C. were throwing D. would have thrown ‎5. (2014·陕西卷)We would rather our daughter ________ at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.‎ A. would stay B. has stayed C. stayed D. stay ‎6. (2013·江苏卷)I should not have laughed if I ________ you were serious.‎ A. thought B. would think C. had thought D. have thought ‎7. (2013·辽宁卷)Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He ________ too much at the party last night.‎ A. could drink B. should drink C. would have drunk D. must have drunk ‎8. (2013·全国新课标卷)The door ________ open，no matter how hard she pushed.‎ A. shouldn't B. couldn't C. wouldn't D. mightn't ‎9. (2012·江苏卷)—Happy birthday!‎ ‎—Thank you! It's the best present I ________ for.‎ A. should have wished B. must have wished C. may have wished D. could have wished ‎10. (2012·重庆卷)—________ you interrupt now？Can't you see I'm on the phone?‎ ‎—Sorry sir，but it's urgent.‎ A. Can B. Should C. Must D. Would ‎【答案】1. C　2. A　3. A　4. D　5. C　6. C　7. D　8. C ‎9. D　10. C ‎1. You can't imagine that a well－behaved gentleman ________ be so rude to the old.‎ A. might B. need C. should D. would ‎2. Peter ________ be really difficult at times even though he's a nice person in general.‎ A. shall B. should C. can D. must ‎3. —________ it be Li Ping who broke the glass?‎ ‎—No. It ________ be Wang Hai who did it.‎ A. Could；may B. Can；can C. May；must D. Can；must ‎4. When the old man was alive，he ________ sit for hours at the door.‎ A. would　　 B. could C. must　　 D. might ‎5. —He ________ have been sent to hospital immediately.‎ ‎—So he________，but all efforts made no difference.‎ A. should；was B. must；did C. ought to；had D. can；has ‎6. He denied ________ stolen these watches and insisted that he ________ set free at once.‎ A. having；be B. to have；be C. having；was D. to have；was ‎7. —Would you have told him the answer had it been possible?‎ ‎—I would have，but I ________ so busy then.‎ A. had been B. were C. was D. would be ‎8. Madonna ________ a straight－A student，but it was dancing that she was really crazy about.‎ A. must be B. could be C. must have been D. could have been ‎9. He ________ have completed his work，otherwise he wouldn't be enjoying himself by the seaside.‎ A. should B. must C. wouldn't D. can't ‎10. I was on the highway when his car went past followed by a police car. They ________ at least 150 kilometres an hour.‎ A. should have been doing B. must have been doing C. could have done D. would have done ‎11. There________ be any difficulty in passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school.‎ A. mustn't B. shan't C. shouldn't D. needn't ‎12. Helen ________ go on the trip with us，but she isn't quite sure yet.‎ A. shall B. must C. may D. can ‎13. —Who is the girl standing over there?‎ ‎—Well，if you ________ know，her name is Mabel.‎ A. may　　 B. can C. must　　 D. shall ‎14. “The interest ________ be divided into five parts，according to the agreement made by both sides，” declared the judge.‎ A. may　　 B. should C. must　　 D. shall ‎15. —It's hard to believe that Jack ________ have fought with the policeman.‎ ‎—Yes. If one ________ ask for trouble，it can't be helped.‎ A. would；will B. must；may C. should；must D. need；dare ‎16. —Why didn't Tom give you one of his paintings?‎ ‎—I didn't want one，but he would have given me one if I ________．‎ A. did　　 B. would C. will　　 D. had ‎17. —Shall I go and buy more food and drink for the party?‎ ‎—No，we have prepared a fridge of those. That ________ be quite enough.‎ A. can B. may C. might D. ought to ‎18. I ________ up early this morning，so I stayed in bed until 8 o'clock a．m.‎ A. needn't have got B. didn't need to get C. shouldn't have got D. can't have got ‎19. He ________ an action movie on TV when I called him，for I could hear the sound of fighting over the phone.‎ A. must be watching B. must have been watching C. must have watched D. must watch ‎20. —Has Mr.Tom White arrived?‎ ‎—Yes，already. ________ he wait outside or just come in?‎ A. Shall　　 B. May C. Could　　 D. Must ‎21. She ________ into the thick forest alone on such a dark night.‎ A. dares not go B. dares not to go C. dare not to go D. doesn't dare go ‎22. —Why didn't the manager join us in hiking yesterday?‎ ‎—I'm not sure. He ________ too busy to get away. ‎ A. might be B. must be C. might have been D. must have been ‎23. I met a girl yesterday who can express herself freely in both English and French. She ________ a gift for languages. ‎ A. must have had B. must have C. should have had D. should have ‎ ‎24. I'm going to Europe on vacation together with John if I ________ find the money.‎ A. can B. might C. would D. need ‎25. —Shall I tell her to come to see you?‎ ‎—No，you ________．She's already been sent for.‎ A. needn't B. shouldn't C. mustn't D. wouldn't ‎26. She ________ well refuse to speak to you，because she is in a very bad mood.‎ A. will B. may C. must D. can ‎27. I tried to explain the problem to Mary, but she was so angry that she ________ listen. ‎ A. couldn't B. shouldn't C. wouldn't D. might not ‎ 28. —I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.‎ ‎—How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone ________ it.‎ A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen ‎29. —You needn't take an umbrella. It isn't going to rain.‎ ‎—Well, I don't know. It ________ do.‎ A. might B. need C. would D. should ‎30. If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he ________ ‎ able to speak it much better now. ‎ A. will be B. would be C. has been D. would have been ‎【答案】1. C　2. C　3. D　4. A　5. A　6. A　7. C　8. D ‎9. B　10. B　11. C　12. C　13. C　14. D　15. C　16. D ‎17. D　18. B　19. B　20. A　21. D　22. C　23. B　24. A　25. A　26. B　27. C　28. B　29. A　30. B