2014高考英语第一轮复习知识点汇总50页 48页

高中英语第一轮复习知识点汇总 高中英语第一轮复习知识点汇总 高中英语第一轮复习知识点汇总 高中英语第一轮复习知识点汇总 高中英语第一轮复习知识点汇总 高中英语第一轮复习知识点汇总 介词用法口诀 早、午、晚要用in，at黎明、午夜、点与分。 年、月、年月、季节、周，阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in。 将来时态in...以后，小处at大处in。 有形with无形by，语言、单位、材料in。 特征、方面与方式，心情成语惯用in。 介词at和to表方向，攻击、位置、恶、善分。 日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早、午、晚， 收音、农场、值日on，关于、基础、靠、著论。 着、罢、出售、偷、公、假，故意、支付、相反，准。 特定时日和"一……就"，on后常接动名词。 年、月、日加早、午、晚，of之前on代in。 步行、驴、马、玩笑on，cab，carriage则用in。 at山脚、门口、在当前，速、温、日落、价、核心。 工具、和、同随with，具有、独立、就、原因。 就……来说宾译主，对、有、方状、表细分。 海、陆、空、车、偶、被by，单数、人类know to man。 this、that、tomorrow，yesterday，next、last、one。 接年、月、季、星期、周，介词省略已习惯。 over、under正上下，above、below则不然， 若与数量词连用，混合使用亦无关。' beyond超出、无、不能，against靠着，对与反。 besides，except分内外，among之内along沿。 同类比较except，加for异类记心间。 原状because of,、 owing to、 due to表语形容词 under后接修、建中，of、from物、化分。 before、after表一点, ago、later表一段。 before能接完成时，ago过去极有限。 since以来during间，since时态多变换。 与之相比beside，除了last but one。 复不定for、找、价、原，对、给、段、去、为、作、赞。 快到、对、向towards，工、学、军、城、北、上、南。 but for否定用虚拟，复合介词待后言。 ing型由于鉴，除了除外与包合。 之后、关于、在......方面，有关介词须记全。 in内to外表位置，山、水、国界to在前。 VERB PHRASES 1. be able to do能够做 After paying great efforts, he is able to speak English fluently. 2. be about to do正要做 As I was about to say, you interrupted me. 3. add… to…把……加…… If you add 5 to 5, you get ten. If the tea is too strong, add some hot water. This adds to our difficulties. 4. be afraid of 害怕 I was afraid of hurting her feelings. 5. go against反对 We don't agree with the proposal, because it goes against the law. 6. agree on达成一致 We agreed on an early start/making a early start. We all agree on the terms. 7.agree to do同意做 My father has agreed to buy me a new computer. 8. agree with同意某人（或其想法、观点、认识等）；与……相符 I don't agree with you on this point. Your story agrees with what I had already heard. The climate doesn't agree with me. The mussels I had for lunch haven't agreed with me. The verb agrees its subject in number and person. 9. be angry with对……生气 He was angry with himself for having made such a foolish mistake. He was angry at being kept waiting. 10. be anxious about对……担心 I was anxious about my son's health. 11. apply for申请 I have applied to the Consul for the visa. 12. take sth. in one's arms把……抱在怀里 She took a bunch of roses in her arms. 13. take up arms拿起武器 We should take up our arms to defend our motherland. 14. arrive in/at a place达到某地 My brother will arrive in Beijing next Monday. I arrive at the school every morning at a regular time. 15. ask (sb.) for sth.向（某人）要某物 You shouldn't ask your parents for money any more. 16. pay attention to对……注意 When you write an essay, you have several things to pay attention to. 17. be away from远离…… When you friend is in trouble, don't be away from him/her; instead, you should try your best to help. 18. go/run away逃跑 It's dangerous! Go/run away immediately. 19. beat… to death将……打死 He was nearly beat to death once after he was caught stealing. 20. go to bed上床休息 I was so tired that I went to bed earlier than before. 21. make the bed铺床 You are old enough to make the beds by yourself. 22. beg one's pardon请某人再说一遍 Sorry I didn't catch it. I beg your pardon. 23. begin… with以……开始 The party began with a cheerful song. 24. believe in信仰 In western countries, many people believe in God. 25. belong to属于 That Taiwan belongs to China should be unquestionable. 26. do one's best尽最大的努力 If you have done your best, then there's nothing to regret. 27. had better最好 You had better stop smoking. 28. blow away吹走 The wind blew the heat away. 29. take a boat乘船 I took a boat to go to the island in the center of the lake. 30. be born出生 He was born in a wealthy family. 31. break away from从……脱离，断绝关系 We won't say "Yes" to anyone's breaking away from our country. Can't you break away from old habits? 32. break down（指计划、打算）破灭；（机器）坏了；（身体状况）变差 Our plans have broken down. Negotiations between the two countries have broken down. The engine broke down. His health broke down after the death of his wife. Sugar and starch are broken down in the stomach. 33. break into破门而入 His house was broken into last week. 34. break off 从中间打断 He broke off in the middle of a sentence. Let's break off for an hour and have some tea. The mast broke off. 35. break out（指战争、灾难、争吵等）突然爆发 A fire broke out during the night. The quarrel broke out afresh. 36. break the rules违反规则 Everyone in the group mustn't break the rules. 37. break up击碎、驱散 终止   结束 分裂   分开 分手放学 The ship was breaking up on the rocks. The gathering broke up in disorder. The police broke up the crowd. 38. hold one's breath屏住呼吸 He held his breath and sneaked into his room. 39. bring down击落、打倒 A moment ago, we brought down a hostile aircraft. We should bring down the tyrant. 40. bring in赚得、赢得（利润） His farms bring (him) in $‎‎20000 a ‎ year. The program brings in a new fashion. 41. bring on导致……结果 He was out all day in the rain and this brought on a bad cold. The fine weather is bringing the crops on nicely. The coach is bringing on some youngsters in the reserve team. 42. bring up抚养 She has brought up five children. If children are badly brought up they behave badly. 43. build up建立；恢复（身体状况等） He has built up a good business. He went on holiday and soon built up his health. 44. burn…to the ground把……夷为平地 The Japanese invaders burnt the houses to the ground. 45. burn down烧光 The house was burnt down. 46. burst into laughter.突然爆发大笑 On seeing the amusing scene, she burst into laughter. 47. burst into tears突然大哭 She suddenly burst into tears. 48. be busy doing/with sth.忙于做某事 We are busy preparing for/with the exam. 49. call at (a place)拜访某地 I called at the tailor's a couple of days ago. 50. call back回电话 I will call back later. 51. call for到某地取东西；接人；要求；呼吁 A man calls every Monday for old newspapers. I'll call for you at 6 o'clock. The occasion calls for prompt action. People all over the world call for peace. 52. call in请（医生） Please call in a doctor at once. 53. call on拜访某人 My uncle called on me yesterday on his way home. 54. take care of照顾；负责 The nurse took good care of the patients. Here, let me take care of the cleaning. These are the devices that take care of the waste from the factory. 55. care for 担心、关心、想 My parents care for my safety when I travel by myself. The elders should care for the younger generation. Would you care for a game of table tennis? 56. carry off夺走（生命）；取得（奖励等） The terrible war carried off her father's life. Tom carried off all the school prizes. 57. carry on进行 The discussion carried on after a short break. 58. carry out实施 The plan has to be carried out as soon as possible. 59. catch fire起火 This material is easy to catch fire. Be careful. 60. catch up with赶上 I have to study even harder than before in order to catch up with my peers. 61. change…for把……换成 The shirt is too big. Can I change for another one. 62. change…into把……变成 He changed into his working clothes when he began to work. 63. change one's mind改变主意 I persuaded him to change his mind. 64. check out核对，检查 Would you help me to check out the names and numbers. He checked out and left the hotel. 65. clear away收拾，整理 Please help me to clear away the tea things. 66. clear up（指天）晴朗；清理 The weather/sky is clearing up. Clear up the desk before you leave the office. 67. catch/take cold; have a cold感冒 He was absent because he caught cold last night. 68. come about产生……结果 How does it come about half of the class are absent? 69. come across碰巧遇到；突然想起 I came across this old brooch in a curio shop. The thought came across my mind that we … 70. come back回想起来 Their names are all coming back to me now. 71. come down（指雨）下得很大；（指气温）下降 The rain came down in bucketfuls. The temperature came down suddenly. 72. come from来自 Much of the butter in England comes from New Zealand. 73. come off脱落 The button has come off my coat. 74. come on加油 Come on! Let's race to the bottom of the hill. 75. come out出现；（指花）开放； The stars come out. The flowers are coming out. When will his new book come out? 76. come to（指数字）达到 The total number of people who attended the conference came to 1000. 77. come true（指梦想）实现 I hope that my dream will come true one day in the future. 78. come up He came up the hard way. The question hasn't come up yet. 79. compare with与……比较 Compared with education in western countries, China has her own special features. 80. compare to把……比作 Teachers are sometimes compared to candles. 81. connect to 与……联系 It's a railway that connects Beijing to Shenzhen. 82. connect with与……联接 Where does cooker connect with the gas-pipe? 83. be considered as被认为是 She is considered as the best teacher in our school. 84. consider doing sth.考虑做…… I'm considering moving abroad. 85. be covered with被……覆盖 The ground was covered with heavy snow. ‎ ‎ 86. cut down砍倒 Don't cut down the young trees. 87. cut off砍掉；截断 Don't cut your fingers off! The enemy had cut off our food supply. 89. cut up切碎 I'll cut up the meat. 90. date from起始于 The temple dates from over a thousand years ago. 91. deal with处理；对付；相处；涉及 How do you deal with the difficulties? The man is hard to deal with. The book deals with health problems. 92. do a good deed做好事 During his lifetime, Lei Feng had done many good deeds. 93. depend on取决于；信任 Whether we go to park this weekend depends on the weather. You can always depend on Jim, for he is an honest man. It depends on you. Any time is all right for me. 94. devote to把（时间、精力等）专注于…… Mary Curio devoted all her life to the research of radiation matters, 95. die of死于 He dies of a disease. 96. die out绝种 Many old customs are gradually dying out. 97. be different from与……不同 The picture on the right is different from the one on the left. 98. divide up把……分开 We divided the money up equally. How shall we divide the work up? 99. divide into把……分成（几部分） The house was divided into two parts. 100. do sb. a favor给某人帮忙 Would you do me a favor? 101. do well in在……方面表现好 He did well in maths when he was in high school. 102. do wrong犯错误，犯罪 He was sentenced three years for his doing wrong. 103. dream of梦想 I am always dreaming of traveling around the world. 104. drop in顺路拜访 Some friends dropped in to tea. ‎ ‎ 105. earn one's living挣钱维持生计 She earned her living by writing. 106. eat up吃光 He was so hungry that he ate up all the food on the table. 107. have an effect on对……有影响 Her childhood life had a great effect on her later life. 108. end up结束（一般是不太好的结果） If you continue stealing you will end up in prison. 109. fall asleep入睡 He was so tired that he fell asleep very soon. 110. fall behind落后 He always falls behind when we're going uphill. 111. fall down摔倒 Babies often fall down when they are learning to walk. The basket is full of eggs -don't let it fall down. 112. fall ill生病 He has fallen ill. 113. fall in love with与……相爱 He fell in love with an actress. 114. fall off从……摔下 The daily number of passengers by this line shows a slight falling off. The naughty boy fell off the tree when he reached the bird nest. 115. fall over摔入 He fell over into the water and broke his legs. 116. fall to pieces摔成碎片 The window was broken and fell to pieces. 117. be familiar with与……熟悉 He was familiar with English and did the translation work well. 118. be famous for因……出名 Bill Gates is famous for his greatest fortune of the world. 119. feel like doing想做…… I don't feel like eating too much. 120. fill in填写 Please fill in the application forms before you go for a interview. 121. find out找出事实真相 I made up mind to find out the truth. 122. be fit for对……合适 She is the very person who is fit for the position. 123. fix up给某人提供住宿；安排 I'll fix you up for the night. Don't worry about that. My secretary has fixed up a meeting with you. Please fix your drawers up. ‎ ‎ 124. be fond of喜欢…… I was very fond of teaching, so I decided to work in a high school as a teacher. 125. set free解放 One of the great contributions Lincoln had made was setting the slaves free. 126. make friends with与……交朋友 She was very popular, and she had made lots of friends after she moved to the new school. 127. be full of充满…… The hall was full of crowds of people. 128. make fun of开……的玩笑 Never make fun of the disabled people. 129. get along with与……相处 She is getting along with her studies and new friends well. 130. get away逃走 Two of the prisoners got away. 131. get back回来 You can arrange you time yourself after school as long as you get back before 10p.m. 132. get close to接近 In order to be a famous actor, he tried to get close to those movie stars. 133. get down下车 Remember to get down after three stops. 134. get down to集中精力做…… I should get down to my work after the long holiday. 135. get in（表示火车）进站；收割 Th train got in five minutes early. Farmers get in harvest in September. ‎ ‎136. get in touch with与……取得联系 I've lost my phone book, so I can't get in touch with my old friends. 137. get into the habit of形成某种习惯 After coming here, I've got into the habit of getting up early in the morning. 138. get married结婚 He has got married and has the twins. 139. get off We got off immediately after breakfast. She got off the scarf after getting in. 140. get rid of摆脱，除掉 We should get rid of bad habits. 141. get though接通；通过（考试）； I rang you several times yesterday but couldn't get through. Tom failed but his sister got through. 142. get together聚会 We got together to celebrate the New Year's Day. 143. give a talk作演讲 A well known expert is supposed to give a talk tomorrow afternoon. 144. give advice提建议 We need friends to give advice. 145. give back还回 You should give back what you've borrowed. 146. give birth to生育 The mother panda gave birth to two baby pandas yesterday. 147. give in让步，退让 The rebels were forced to give in. Mary usually has to give in to her big brother. 148. give off放出（某种气体、光、射线等） The special matter gives off radiation. 149. give out消耗尽；分发 Our food supplies began to give out. Her patience gave out. Please help me to give out the books. 150. give up放弃 Don't give up when you get in trouble. 151. go ahead向前，前进 Don't mind it. Please go ahead. 152. go bad变质 Food is easy to go bad in summer. 153. go by经过 Time went by slowly. 154. go for a walk去散步 Let's go for a walk after dinner. 155. go off（指枪）走火；（食物）变坏；（演员）下场 The gun went off by accident. This milk has gone off. Hamlet goes off. 156. go on继续 Don't stop. Go on please. How much longer will the hot weather go on? 157. go on doing sth.继续做某事 Never give up! Go on trying. I hope it won't go on raining all day. 158. go on with one's work继续某人的工作 Let's stop here today. We'll go on with our work tomorrow. 159. go out（灯）熄灭；参加社交活动 There was a power cut and all the lights went out. She still goes out a great deal, even at seventy-five. 160. go through浏览；翻找；经历（苦难） Go through all the exercises before you start the listening practice. The police went through the pockets of the suspected thief. My grandfather is a real man who has gone through hardships. 161. go up上升 The temperature is going up. 162. be good at擅长于 She is an excellent student who is good at nearly everything. 163. grow up长大 When you grow up you will understand all this. 164. hand down流传 We can not always observe the traditions handed down to us from the past. 165. hand in上交 Remember to hand in the paper before Next Tuesday. 166. hand in hand手拉手 We should act hand in hand in international affairs. 167. hand out分发 Please help me t o hand out the reading materials. 168. have…on有……活动 I have nothing on tomorrow evening. I'm free. 169. have…to do with与……有关 It has nothing to do with you, so you can leave now. 170. have a gift for有……方面的天赋 She has had a gift for music since she was quite young. 171. have got to不得不 It's too late and I have got to go right now. 172. have sth. on穿着…… The emperor had nothing on, for he believed that he had had the most beautiful new clothes in the world. 173. use one's head动脑子 Use your head and you'll work it out by yourself. 174. hear about听说 I've just heard about his dismissal. 175. hear from有……的消息 I haven't heard from you for a long time. 176. hear of听说 I've never heard of that place. 177. learn/know sth. by heart把……牢记 If you have learned/known a great deal of poems by heart, you will know how to write poems by yourself. 178. say hello to…向某人问好 Please say hello to your parents for me. 179. help oneself to随意 Make yourself at home. Help yourself to some fish. 180. help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事 I should thank you for helping me with English. 181. help out帮……出困境 I don't know how to translate the passage. Please help me out. 182. hold on别挂电话 -- Is that Mary speaking? -- Hold on, please. I'll get her. 183. hold out伸出 Hold your right arm out and let me examine it. 184. hold up举起 He is such a proud men., always holding his head up. They were held up by the immigration authorities. 185. hurry up快点 Hurry up or we'll be late. 186. insist on坚持 He insisted on his innocence. The little boy insisted on doing it by his own. 187. join in加入 Why don't you join in the conversation? 187. join up连接起来 We should join up and take actions to defend ourselves. 188. keep a record做记录 When you do an experiment, you'd better keep a record. 189. keep back扣 They keep back $‎‎200 a ‎ month from my salary for National Insurance. 190. keep fit保持身体健康 Nowadays keeping fit is a hot topic of people's conversations and focus of magazines and newspapers. 191. keep in touch with保持联络 Although he is abroad now, he can keep in touch with his friends by e-mail. 192. keep off让……远离 They made a big fire to keep wild animals off. 193. keep on doing sth.重复地做某事 Don't keep on asking silly questions. Keep on working for a whole day made me exhausted. 194. keep one's balance保持平衡 It's very important for an gymnastic to keep his/her balance. Keeping balance of nature is of great significance. 195. keep one's promise遵守诺言 no one will believe those who don't keep their promises. 196. keep up振作精神；保持（习俗）；维持 Keep up your spirits! Keep you chin up! Sometimes we should keep up old customs. How much does it cost you to keep up such a large house and garden? 197. knock at敲门 Listen, I heard somebody knocking at the door. 198. knock into sb.撞倒 When I fell from the tree, I knocked into a passer-by. 199. knock out of把……敲出来 Grandfather was sitting at the table, knocking the ash out of his pipe. 200. laugh at嘲笑 Don't laugh at those who seem to be inferior. 201. lay the table摆桌子 Please lay the table. Dinner is ready. 202. lead to 导致 Carelessness led to the terrible traffic accident and death of five passengers. 203. do one's lesson做功课 You have to do your lesson before you can watch TV. 204. have lesson上课 We don't have any lessons on weekends. 205. let in让……进入 Windows let in light and air. These shoes let in water. Who let you in? 206. let out把……放出；泄露（秘密） He let air out of the tyros. He tried to be calm, but his voice let him out. 207. live on 以……为生 He lives on a small wage. 208. look after照顾 I decide to stay home and look after my grandmother. 209. look back upon回顾 Sometimes when we look back upon the past, we will cherish what we have more. 210. look down upon (on)瞧不起 ‎ I look down upon those independent women. 211. look for寻找 I've been looking for my key for half an hour. 212. look forward to盼望、期待 Winter vacation is coming. I'm looking forward to seeing my family. 213. look into.朝里看；调查 I looked into the bush and found a ball. I should look into this complicated case later. 214. look out当心 Hey! Look out, the truck is coming behind. 215. look (a)round环视；仔细分析情况 Don't make a hurried decision; look (a)round well first. 216. look up查找 I'll look up the new word in the dictionary. 217. have/take a look看一眼 Oh, what a pretty dress. Let me have/take a look. 218. lose heart.丧失信心 Never lose heart. Keep on trying. 219. lose one's life丧命 In the earthquake, some two thousand residents lost their lives. 220. lose one's voice失声 Being a teacher, she often loses her voice after a three-hour lesson. 221. lose weight减轻体重 If you want to enjoy yourselves in Lunar New Year holiday, it's impossible to lose weight. 222. be in love with与……相爱 Romeo was in love with Juliet. 223. be made from由……制成（看不出原材料） Wine is made from grapes. 224. be made of由……制成（看得出原材料） Cloth is made of cotton, wool, silk and other materials. 225. be made in在哪制造 You can find many products in the USA which are made in China. 226. be made up of由……组成 A year is made up of 12 months. 227. make…to one's own measure 给某人量体裁衣。 This is a nice fit. It must have been made to your own measure. 228. make a decision做决定 Think over before you make a decision. 229. make a good effort做出努力 If you make a good effort to study, you will definitely make progress.‎ ‎ 230. make a plan for为……制定计划 It's a good habit to make a plan for what you are going to do next. 231. make a promise做出承诺 If you've make a promise, you have to keep it. 232. make a record制唱片 She was very excited, because it was the first time that she had been invited to make a record of her own music. 233. make ends meet让收支平衡 Since Mike lost his job, we can hardly make ends up. 234. make sense有意义 I'm sorry to say that what you said doesn't make any sense. 235. make sure of对……有把握 Before making a decision, I want to make sure of whether what I heard about him is true. 236. make up虚构；弥补 The whole story is made up. We still need $5 to make up the sum we asked for. 237. make up one's mind下定决心 It's hard to make up one's mind to quit smoking. 238. make use of利用 We should make good use of time to learn more things. 239. have a match举行比赛 It is said that we are going to have a match with Class Three this afternoon. 240. have some medicine服药 Since you don't feel well, why not have some medicine. 241. have/hold a meeting开会 It's urgent to have/hold a meeting about this matter. 242. take a message for给某人带消息 Kate is not in. Shall I take message for her? 243. make a mistake犯错误 It's nothing serious to make a mistake, as long as you realize it and correct it. 244. move on继续前进 After a short rest the troop moved on towards east. 245. make a noise发出噪声 Don't make a noise outside. The baby is still asleep. 246. take part in参加活动 There are three hundred people taking part in the international conference. 247. pay… a visit拜访 ‎ Next month, the president will pay a visit to a neighbor country. 248. pay back还债 I worked hard in order to pay back what I owed to others. 249. pay for sth.为……付款 He'll have to pay for this foolish behavior. 250. pay off把债还清 After ten years' hard work I finally paid off the debt. 251. pick out辨别出；挑选 I looked about to pick out my friends in a crowd. The coach intended to pick out some talented youngsters to the training team. 252. pick up拾起来；不太费力地学得一种外语 This what I picked up on the beach this morning. It's easy for a child to pick up a foreign language when abroad. 253. take one's place代替某人 Mr. Samuel is sick, so his assistant came to take his place. 254. take place发生 The story took place in a small village in 1950's. 255. take the place of 代替…… Plastics have taken the place of many materials. 256. play a part in起到……作用 Computers are playing an important part in nowadays' science and economy. 257. play the piano弹钢琴 She is playing the piano and all the guests enjoy her performance. 258. play the role of扮演……的角色 In this play, she played the role of a fairy, and she did it very well. 259. point out指出 He pointed out the finest picture to me. 260. point at/to指向 The needle of a compass points to the north. Don't point a gun at me. 261. be popular with sb.与某人有人缘 She is friendly to everyone around her and she seems to be quite popular with her friends. 262. prevent…from阻止……发生、行动 Such dangerous behavior should be prevented from beforehand. 263. be proud of以……骄傲、自豪 Father is very proud of his able son. 264. push over推搡 Several children were pushed over in the stampede. 265. put away收拾好 ‎ Put your toys away. Tony! 266. put down记录 Put down any important information while observing. 267. put…in prison将……投放到监狱. He committed a case and was put in prison. 268. put on穿上 Put on the jacket, for the weather outside is freezing. Good news-The play "Hamlet" will be put on in the new theater. 269. put sth. down把某物放下 We are the police. Put down your gun. 270. put on performances举行演出 On Christmas Day various performances will be put on for celebration. 271. put on weight增加体重 If you keep on eating these sweet things you will surely put on weight. 272. put out灭火 The firemen hurried here and put out the big fire in half an hour. 273. put up张贴 A notice was put up, saying that the new film was going to be shown on next week. 274. quarrel about为……争吵 Although they quarrel about some chores, they still support each other and are considered to be a fine couple. 275. get/be ready (for)为……作好准备 Are you ready for the practice? Go. 276. refer to所指 What does this pronoun refer to in this line? The lecture mainly refers to religions. 277. be related to有关系 She is related to the royal family. 278. remember me to…记得代我向……问好 Please remember me to your family. 279. ring back回电话 I'll ring back a moment later. 280. ring off挂电话 Don't ring off. Hold on please. 281. ring up打电话 I'll ring you (up) this evening. 282. roll over翻滚 The bicycle hit me and rolled me over. 283. make room for给……腾出空地 The bus was extremely busy and we couldn't make any room for a single person.‎ ‎ 284. round up集合 The courier rounded up the tourists and hurried them back into the coach. 285. run away逃避 Don't run away-I need your advice. 286. run out of消耗完，用完了 We're fast running out of beer. 287. be seated坐下 Please be seated and make yourself at home. 288. have a seat就坐 Would you have a seat and let's have a talk? 289. take a seat就坐 He came into the room, put off his coat, and took a seat at the desk. 290. see sb. off为某人送行 I am going to see my friends off at the airport, so I'll be late or a couple of minutes. 291. sell out卖光 All the reference books for senior three have been sold out. 292. send for派人叫/请来 Mother is ill. Send for a doctor immediately. 293. send up发送（卫星） An satellite has been sent up by China. 294. send out放射；发送；发出 The sun sends out light and warmth. I've sent out a letter of invitation. The trees send out new leaves in spring. 295. make sentences with用……造句 Could you make sentences with the phrase "put up"? 296. separate from把……与……分离 Separate the good apples from the bad ones. 297. set … on fire给……放火 The slaves set the houses of slave owners on fire. 298. set an example成为一个榜样 Lei Feng set a good example for several generations. 299. set fire to给……放火 The rebels set fire to the houses of landlords. 300. set off出发 They've set off on a journey round the world.‎ ‎1.able 用法：be able to do ‎ Note: 反义词unable表示不能，而disabled表示残疾的。‎ be able to do可以表示经过艰难困苦才能做到的事。‎ ‎2.abroad 用法：表示到（在）国外，是一个副词，前面不加介词。‎ Note: 可以说from abroad, 表示从国外回来。‎ ‎3.admit 用法：表示承认的时候后面要加上动名词形式。‎ Note: 表示允许进入的时候与介词to搭配。‎ ‎4.advise 用法：advise sb. to do; advise doing Note: 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即：advise that sb. (should) do的形式。‎ ‎5.afford 用法：通常与动词不定式搭配使用。‎ Note: 前面需要有be able to或can等词。‎ ‎6.after 用法：表示在时间、空间之后；be after表示追寻。‎ Note: 用在将来时的时候后面接一时间点，而in接一个时间段，如：after 3 o’clock; in 3 days.‎ ‎7.agree 用法：与介词on, to, with及动词不定式搭配。‎ Note: agree on表示达成一致；agree to表示批准；agree with表示同意某人说的话。‎ ‎8.alive 用法：表语性形容词，在句中只能作表语，不能作定语。‎ Note: 可以作状语使用，表示活活地，如：bury sb. alive.‎ ‎9.allow 用法：allow doing; allow sb. to do Note: 可以表示允许进入，如：Please allow me in.‎ ‎10.among 用法：用在三者或三者以上的群体中。‎ Note: 还可以表示其中之一，如：He is among the best.‎ ‎11.and 用法：用于连接两个词、短语、句子或其他相同结构。‎ Note: 与祈使句搭配时往往可以表示条件。如：Work hard, and you’ll succeed sooner or later.‎ ‎12.another 用法：表示又一个，泛指，相当于one more的含义。‎ Note: 不能直接加复数名词，需要与一个数词搭配，如：another 2 weeks.‎ ‎13.answer 用法：及物动词，但在作名词时要与介词to搭配。‎ Note: 可以表示接电话、应门等。如：answer the phone/door.‎ ‎14.anxious 用法：be anxious for/about/to do Note: be anxious about表示担心；be anxious for表示盼望得到。‎ ‎15.appear 用法：不及物动词，没有宾语，没有被动语态。‎ Note: 还可以作为系动词，与seem同义，表示看起来……。‎ ‎16.arrive 用法：arrive at表示到一个小地方；arrive in表示到一个大地方。‎ Note: 引申含义表示得出，如：arrive at a decision/conclusion.‎ ‎17.ask 用法：ask to do; ask sb. to do; ask for Note: 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即：ask that sb. (should) do的形式。‎ ‎18.asleep 用法：表语性形容词，在句中只能作表语，不能作定语。‎ Note: 通常与动词be及fall搭配；sound asleep表示熟睡。‎ ‎19.attend 用法：表示参加，后面经常加上meeting, lecture, conference, class, school, wedding, funeral等词；也可以表示照顾，照料。‎ Note: attend to可以表示处理、照料等。‎ ‎20.attention 用法：pay attention to; draw/catch sb’s attention Note: 写通知时的常用语：May I have your attention, please?‎ ‎21.beat 用法：表示打败某人，或连续不断地击打某物。‎ Note: heartbeat表示心跳。‎ ‎22.because 用法：后面接原因状语从句，because of后面接名词。‎ Note: because表示直接原因，因此只有用它才可以回答why的特殊疑问句及用在强调句中。‎ ‎23.become 用法：系动词，表示变得……。可以由好变坏或由坏变好。‎ Note: become of sb.表示某人发生了什么事情。‎ ‎24.before 用法：before long, long before, the day before yesterday, the week / year before last 上上周/前年 Note: It be + 段时间 before…在该句型中，主句时态只有将来时态和一般过去时态。‎ ‎25.begin 用法：begin to do; begin doing Note: 当begin本身是进行时的时候，只能用begin to do的形式。如：It was beginning to rain.‎ ‎26.believe 用法：believe sb.表示相信某人说的话；believe in sb.表示信任；6123结构。‎ Note: 回答问句时通常用I believe so/not的形式。‎ ‎27.besides 用法：表示除……之外还有，包含在一个整体之中。‎ Note: 还可以用作副词，表示此外，要用逗号隔开。‎ ‎28.beyond 用法：表示越过、在另一边，如：beyond the wood/bridge.‎ Note: 可以用于引申含义，表示超出……，如：beyond control/power/description.‎ ‎29.bit 用法：与a little一样可以修饰不可数名词，形容词或副词。‎ Note: 修饰名词时要用a bit of；not a bit表示一点也不。‎ ‎30.blame 用法：take/bear the blame; blame sth. on. sb.‎ Note: 表示应受到责怪时不用被动语态，如：He is to blame.‎ ‎31.blow 用法：blow down/away Note: 表示风刮得很大时要用blow hard.‎ ‎32.boil 用法：boiling表示沸腾的；boiled表示煮过的。‎ Note: boiling point可以表示沸点。‎ ‎33.borrow 用法：borrow表示借入：lend表示借出。‎ Note: 点动词，不能表示借的时间长短。‎ ‎34.breath 用法：hold one’s breath;out of breath; save one’s breath Note: take a breath表示深吸一口气；take breath表示喘口气。‎ ‎35.burn 用法：burn down/up/one’s hand Note: burning表示点着的；burnt表示烧坏的。‎ ‎36.business 用法：on business表示出差；in/out of business表示开/关张。‎ Note: 表示商业时不可数，表示具体的行业时可数。‎ ‎37.busy 用法：be busy with/doing.‎ Note: 不能说My work is busy. 应说I am busy with my work.‎ ‎38.buy 用法：buy sth. for 5 dollars; buy sth. for sb.‎ Note: 点动词，不能表示买的时间长短。‎ ‎39.but 用法：not…but.. but for next but one , have no choice bu to do sth., all but 几乎，差一点 Note: do nothing but do sth. nothing前有do，后面的to要省略。Not only… but also…引导的并列句，前倒后不倒。cannot help/ choose but do sth. 不能不，只能 ‎40.by 用法：by accident, by air/ sea/ train, by and by, by far, by force, by mistake, by chance, by the way Note: by way of 取道，经由。by reason of 由于。by 引导的时间状语一般句子用完成时态。‎ ‎41.care 用法：take care of; with care; care for/about Note: care about表示在乎，常用于否定句；care for表示关心，喜爱，常用于肯定句。‎ ‎42.carry 用法：carry表示搬运；carry on表示进行；坚持下去；carry out表示执行。‎ Note: carry没有方向性，可以表示随身携带。‎ ‎43.case 用法：in case; in case of; in any case; in this/that case Note: in case后面的状语从句可以用虚拟语气，即in case sb. should do的形式。‎ ‎44.catch 用法：catch the thief; catch fire; catch a cold; catch up with[来源:学&科&网]‎ Note: be caught表示陷入困境，如：He was caught in the rain.‎ ‎45.cattle 用法：集合名词，动词要用复数形式。如：Cattle are raised here.‎ Note: 一头牛可以用a head of cattle. 注意十头牛用ten head of cattle。‎ ‎46.chance 用法：by chance; take a chance; there is a chance that…‎ Note: 在chance后面可以用动词不定式或者of的结构作定语。‎ ‎47.change 用法：change A for B表示用A换成B；change A into B 表示把A变成B。‎ Note: 表示变化时是可数名词，表示零钱时不可数。‎ ‎48.class 用法：集合名词，谓语动词单复数由其表示的意思决定。‎ Note: in class表示在上课，in the class表示在班上。‎ ‎49.close 用法：动词表示关闭；形容词表示亲密的；副词表示靠近。‎ Note: close作副词时表示距离上的靠近，而另一个副词形式closely表示密切地。‎ ‎50.clothes 用法：复数名词，谓语动词用复数，不能加不定冠词。‎ Note: 要用few或many来修饰。‎ ‎ 51. buy 用法：buy sth. for 5 dollars; buy sth. for sb.‎ Note: 点动词，不能表示买的时间长短。‎ ‎52. but 用法：not…but.. but for next but one , have no choice bu to do sth., all but 几乎，差一点 Note: do nothing but do sth. nothing前有do，后面的to要省略。Not only… but also…引导的并列句，前倒后不倒。cannot help/ choose but do sth. 不能不，只能 ‎53. by 用法：by accident, by air/ sea/ train, by and by, by far, by force, by mistake, by chance, by the way Note: by way of 取道，经由。by reason of 由于。by 引导的时间状语一般句子用完成时态。‎ ‎54. call 用法： call for / up / back / in / , call on sb. to do sth., pay / make a call on sb. give sb. a call ,on call Note: call at后面跟地点；call on 后面跟人。‎ ‎55. care 用法：take care of; with care; care for/about Note: care about表示在乎，常用于否定句；care for表示关心，喜爱，常用于肯定句。‎ ‎56. carry 用法：carry表示搬运；carry on表示进行；坚持下去；carry out表示执行。‎ Note: carry没有方向性，可以表示随身携带。‎ ‎57. case 用法：in case; in case of; in any case; in this/that case Note: in case后面的状语从句可以用虚拟语气，即in case sb. should do的形式。‎ ‎58. catch 用法：catch the thief; catch fire; catch a cold; catch up with, catch sb. doing sth.‎ Note: be caught表示陷入困境，如：He was caught in the rain.‎ ‎59. cattle 用法：集合名词，动词要用复数形式。如：Cattle are raised here.‎ Note: 一头牛可以用a head of cattle. 注意十头牛用ten head of cattle。‎ ‎60. chance 用法：by chance; take a chance; there is a chance that…‎ Note: 在chance后面可以用动词不定式或者of的结构作定语。‎ ‎61. change 用法：change A for B表示用A换成B；change A into B 表示把A变成B。‎ Note: 表示变化时是可数名词，表示零钱时不可数。‎ ‎62. charge用法：charge sb. with (doing) sth. that… , charge sb. to do sth. charge sb. for $‎ Note: in charge of 负责； in the charge of 由某人负责(表示的是被动的)。‎ ‎63. class 用法：集合名词，谓语动词单复数由其表示的意思决定。‎ Note: in class表示在上课，in the class表示在班上。‎ ‎64. clear用法：clear away, clear off, make clear, it is clear that…‎ Note: clear up 及物时表示“澄清，整理，收拾”‎；不及物表示“晴朗起来，开朗起来”。‎ ‎65. close 用法：动词表示关闭；形容词表示亲密的；副词表示靠近。‎ Note: close作副词时表示距离上的靠近，而另一个副词形式closely表示密切地。‎ ‎66. clothes 用法：复数名词，谓语动词用复数，不能加不定冠词。‎ Note: 要用few或many来修饰。‎ ‎67. collect 用法：collect stamps; collect one’s child from school Note: a collect phone表示对方付费的电话。‎ ‎68. come 用法：表示到说话者所处的地方来。常见短语有：come to, come about, come across, come out,come to an end, come down, come up, come into being/ exist / force / effect等。‎ Note: 可用作系动词，表示变成，如：His dreams came true.‎ ‎69. common 用法：表示普遍性，如：Smith is a common name.‎ Note: common sense表示常识；in common表示共同点。‎ ‎70. compare 用法：compare…with…表示把……与……作比较；compare…to…表示把……比作……。‎ Note: 用作状语时，二者都可以表示比较，如：Compared with/to other women, she was very lucky.‎ ‎71. consider用法：consider doing sth. / what to do / that...，consider sb. sth. 6123结构 Note: 该词直接跟宾语用动名词但可以用不定式作宾补；considering引导短语作状语，表示“考虑到”‎ ‎72. condition 用法：表示生活、工作等的条件或状况。‎ Note: on condition that表示只要，条件状语从句。‎ ‎73. content 用法：be content with/to do Note: 表语性形容词，在句中只能作表语，不能作定语。‎ ‎74. cost 用法：sth. cost sb. some money，只能用物作主语。‎ Note: 修饰cost要用副词high或low.‎ ‎75. cover 用法：be covered with表示状态；be covered by表示动作。‎ Note: 反义词uncover表示揭开盖子；discover表示发现。‎ ‎76. cross用法：cross off 划掉，cross one’s mind, cross out, bear one’s cross 忍受痛苦 Note: 作形容词一般用于be cross with sb. = be angry with sb.‎ ‎77. crowd 用法：be crowded with Note: 集合名词，谓语动词单复数由其表示的意思决定。‎ ‎78. cure 用法：cure sb. of …‎ Note: cure 强调治愈，表示结果；而treat知表示动作。‎ ‎79. cut 用法：cut down/up/off Note: 作名词时a short cut表示捷径。‎ ‎80. damage 用法：do damage to sb. = do sb. harm Note: 表示损害的时候不可数，复数形式可以表示赔偿费。‎ ‎81. danger 用法：in danger表示处于危险的境地。‎ Note: 表示一般概念时不可数，表示具体危险时可数。‎ ‎82. dare用法：作为情态动词一般用于否定句，疑问句或者条件状语从句；作为实意动词后跟不定式。‎ Note: I dare say that….意为：我猜测，可能，或许。‎ ‎83. dark 用法：before/after dark; in the dark Note: 可以表示深色的，如：dark blue.‎ ‎84. deal 用法：a great/good deal of修饰不可数名词。‎ Note: 作动词时构成短语deal with, 常与副词how搭配。‎ ‎85. defeat用法：及物动词，后面的宾语是国家，队，军队等名词。‎ Note: 不能用人作宾语。‎ ‎86. demand 用法：demand to do; demand that…, demand of sb. to do sth.‎ Note: 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即：demand that sb. (should) do的形式。‎ ‎87. depend用法：depend on sb./ sth. / one’s doing sth. / to do sth. ‎ Note: depend 不及物动词，常和on连用。意为“依靠，信赖”‎ ‎88. desert 用法：名词表示沙漠；动词表示抛弃。‎ Note: 可以用过去分词作表语或定语，表示废弃的，如：a deserted house.‎ ‎89. determine 用法：determine to do; determine sb. to do Note: 过去分词表示有决心的，可以说be determined to do sth. 决心做…(表示状态)‎ ‎90. devote 用法：devote oneself to; be devoted to Note: 与devote搭配的to是介词，后面接名词或动名词。如：His whole life was devoted to teaching.‎ ‎91. die 用法：die of/from/for/out/ away Note: 点动词，不与for引起的时间状语连用。‎ ‎92. difficulty 用法：have difficulty with; have difficulties with sth. ; have difficulty in doing sth. ;‎ Note: 表示一般概念时不可数，表示具体困难时可数。‎ ‎93. disagree 用法：disagree with sb.‎ Note: disagree虽然在形式上有否定前缀，但并不是个否定词。注意它的反义问句形式：He disagreed with you, didn’t he?‎ ‎94. distance 用法：in the distance; at a distance Note: 可用于引申含义，表示时间上或情感上的距离。‎ ‎95. divide 用法：divide…into…表示把……分成几份。强调分成等份。‎ Note: 可以表示除法，如：Nine divided by three is three.‎ ‎96. do 用法：do away with, do sb. a faour; do up; do with., do wonders, do sb. wrong = do wrong to sb.‎ Note: 主要用作及物动词；不及物时表示“行”：If you have no pen, pencil will do.‎ ‎97. doubt用法：doubt sb. / sth. , beyond doubt, in doubt, no doubt, without a doubt Note: 主句是否定句时宾语用that引导；主句是肯定句时宾语用whether / if引导。‎ ‎98. downtown 用法：副词，前面不加介词，如：go downtown.‎ Note: 可用作定语，如：a downtown street.‎ ‎99. draw 用法：draw a picture/the curtain Note: 引申含义表示得出，如：draw a conclusion/lesson.[来源:Zxxk.Com]‎ ‎100. dream 用法：dream of/about/that…‎ Note: 可用同源词构成短语：dream a dream.‎ 定语从句 定语从句及相关术语 ‎ ‎　　1.定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。‎ ‎　　2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。‎ ‎　　注：关系代词有主语.宾语之分。一般whom作为宾语。‎ ‎　　4.定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。主要由形容词担任。此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任．单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。‎ ‎　　先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。 ‎ ‎[编辑本段]‎ ‎（一） 限定性定语从句 ‎　　一、关系代词（在句中作主语、宾语或定语）‎ ‎　　1. that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语也可以省略。[eg：this is the book （which）you want。]而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置 ‎ ‎　　2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢 ‎　　3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括当先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时等，这时的that常被省略 还有先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,或先行词就是序数词或最高级时.以及先行词中既有人又有物时.还有句中前面有which时,都只能用that ‎　　4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语 ‎ ‎　　5. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与 of which 调换,表达的意思一样。‎ ‎　　二、关系副词（在句中作状语）‎ ‎　　关系副词=介词+关系代词 ‎　　why=for which ‎　　where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)‎ ‎　　when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)‎ ‎　　1. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句。‎ ‎　　2. when引导定语从句表示时间［注］值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导。 ‎ ‎　　By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc。‎ ‎　　3. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导 ‎　　There is somebody here who wants to speak to you. 这里有人要和你说话。 ‎ ‎[编辑本段]‎ ‎（二）非限定性定语从句 ‎　　非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立 ‎ ‎　　1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分 ‎ ‎　　2.当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：‎ ‎　　Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。‎ ‎　　My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.　我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。‎ ‎　　This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。‎ ‎　　3.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：‎ ‎　　He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。‎ ‎　　Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。‎ ‎　　4. 有时as也可用作关系代词 ‎　　5. 在非限定性定语从句中，不能用关系副词why和关系代词that，而用who, whom代表人，用which,whose代表事物.； ‎ ‎[编辑本段]‎ ‎（三）关系代词引导的定语从句 ‎　　1.who指人在从句中做主语 ‎　　(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 在踢足球的男孩们是一班的.‎ ‎　　(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 昨天，我帮助了一个迷路的老人.‎ ‎　　2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。（注：who和whom已无太大区别，可以通用。）‎ ‎　　(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked with on the bus. 刘先生就是在公交车上和你聊天的那个人.‎ ‎　　(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see. 凌先生恰巧就是我想见的那个男孩.‎ ‎　　(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 你刚刚见到的那个人就是我的朋友.‎ ‎　　注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。‎ ‎　　如果在从句中做宾语,就用whom或who.比如: He is the man whom/who I talk to. 他就是那个和我聊天的男人.‎ ‎　　如果是在从句中作主语就只能用who.比如: He is the man who has an English book. 他就是那个有英语书的男人.‎ ‎　　3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 ‎　　(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩都喜欢的游戏.‎ ‎　　(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天刚买的钢笔.‎ ‎　　4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。‎ ‎　　在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。‎ ‎　　(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.‎ ‎　　(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?‎ ‎　　5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 ‎　　(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.‎ ‎　　(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替 ‎　　(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.‎ ‎　　(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.‎ ‎　　(5) Do you like the book whose color is yellow?‎ ‎　　(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow? ‎ ‎[编辑本段]‎ ‎（四）注意 ‎　　介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时 ‎　　从句常由介词+关系代词引导 ‎　　(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.‎ ‎　　(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.‎ ‎　　(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.‎ ‎　　(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.‎ ‎　　(5) We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.‎ ‎　　(6) We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.‎ ‎　　注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等 ‎　　(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T＝正确)‎ ‎　　(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F＝错误)‎ ‎　　2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose ‎　　(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)‎ ‎　　(2) The man with that you talked is my friend. (F)‎ ‎　　(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)‎ ‎　　(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)‎ ‎　　3. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词 ‎　　(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.‎ ‎　　(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.‎ ‎　　(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.‎ ‎　　关系代词 ‎　　关系代词（一般情况下）that 可用who ,whom 和which在从句做主语，谓动词的宾语，但是不能做介词的宾语 ‎　　which指物，在从句中作主语，谓语或宾语；‎ ‎　　who在从句中作主语；‎ ‎　　whom在从句中宾语；‎ ‎　　where在从句中修饰表地点的名词，做地点状语；‎ ‎　　when在从句中通常修饰表时间的名词，做时间状语；‎ ‎　　why在从句中做原因状语，先行词通常是"reason"‎ ‎　　有时why也可用for+which代替。‎ ‎　　例：A doctor is a person who looks after people's health.‎ ‎　　________ ___ ________ ____________‎ ‎　　先行词 主语 谓语 宾语 ‎　　|________________________|‎ ‎　　定语从句修饰先行词 ‎ ‎（五）关系副词引导的定语从句 ‎　　1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语 ‎　　(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.‎ ‎　　(2) The time when we got together finally came.‎ ‎　　2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语 ‎　　(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.‎ ‎　　(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.‎ ‎　　3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语 ‎　　(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.‎ ‎　　(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.‎ ‎　　注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换 ‎　　(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,‎ ‎　　(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.‎ ‎　　(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born. ‎ ‎（六）判断关系代词与关系副词　‎ ‎　　方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；而及物动词后接宾语，则要求用关系代词。例如：　‎ ‎　　This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.　‎ ‎　　I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.　‎ ‎　　判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。）　‎ ‎　　（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.　‎ ‎　　（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.　‎ ‎　　（对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.　‎ ‎　　（对） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.　‎ ‎　　习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 ‎ ‎　　方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago?　‎ ‎　　A. where　B. that　C. on which　D. the one ‎　　例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?‎ ‎　　A. where　B. that　C. on which　D. the one答案：[来源:1ZXXK]‎ ‎　　例1 D，例2 A ‎　　例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held. ‎ ‎　　在句1中，is后应跟表语，只有the one可以，而后面的you visited a few days ago则做one的定语从句。‎ ‎　　而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。　‎ ‎　　关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； ‎ ‎　　先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。 ‎ ‎（七）介词+关系词 ‎　　1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。‎ ‎　　2）that前不能有介词。‎ ‎　　3） 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when ,where和why 互换。　This is the house in which I lived two years ago.　‎ ‎　　This is the house where I lived two years ago.　‎ ‎　　Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?　‎ ‎　　Do you remember the day when you joined our club? ‎ ‎　　This is the reason why he came late.‎ ‎　　This is the reason for which he came late. ‎ ‎（八）先行词和关系词二合一　‎ ‎　　1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.　(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)　2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. (what 可以用all that代替) ‎ ‎　　但这两句句子已经不是定语从句了，是名词性从句。因为定语从句一定要有先行词，而名词性从句没有。将“Whoever”、“what”分别用“Anyone who”、“all that”代替后，才是定语从句，先行词分别是“Anyone”、“all”。 ‎ ‎（九）as,which引导的非限定性定语从句　‎ ‎　　由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。　‎ ‎　　As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.　‎ ‎　　The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.　‎ ‎　　典型例题 ‎　　1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.‎ ‎　　A. it　B. that　C. which　D. he　‎ ‎　　答案C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。‎ ‎　　2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.‎ ‎　　A. what　B. which　C. that　D. it　‎ ‎　　答案B。‎ ‎　　which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。‎ ‎　　3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..‎ ‎　　A. that　B. which　C. as　D. it　‎ ‎　　答案B. ‎ ‎　　as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：　‎ ‎　　(1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。　‎ ‎　　(2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。　‎ ‎　　在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。‎ ‎　　As 的用法例 ‎　　1. the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。　‎ ‎　　I have got into the same trouble as he (has).‎ ‎　　例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。　‎ ‎　　As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.　‎ ‎　　As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health.　‎ ‎　　As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；‎ ‎　　例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。 ‎ ‎　　一、“as / which” 特殊定语从句的先行成分 ‎　　1. 形容词或形容词短语作先行成分, 具有形容词意义的介词短语也可以充当先行成分，如：‎ ‎　　My grandmother’s house was always of great importance to me, as my own is.‎ ‎　　在一定的语言环境里，有些名词可以具有形容词的性质。这些名词主要是那些表示人的身份、职业、状态的名词。值得一提的是，在这些具有形容词性质的名词之后，引导定语从句的关系代词不能用who / whom.‎ ‎　　2. 动词短语先行成分 ‎　　这种动词短语既可是限定形式也可是非限定形式。如果是动态动词短语，它们在从句中就一般有限定或非限定形式的替代动词do和as / which一起代替。do可以出现，也可以不出现，但不能用其它动词代替。‎ ‎　　3. 句子作先行成分 ‎　　这句子可以是整个主句也可以只是主句中的一个从句。有时是连续几个句子，有时甚至可以是一个完整的故事。‎ ‎　　二、“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置 ‎　　由于先行成分的构成成分不同，“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置有以下几种情况：‎ ‎　　1. 形容词做先行成分时：形容词或形容词短语（含具有形容词性质的名词）作先行成分，“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。‎ ‎　　2. 动词短语作先行成分时：动词短语作先行成分时，“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。但是，当从句中含有表示主观意志的插入成分时，“as”特殊定语从句可以移至句子之首。‎ ‎　　3. 句子作先行成分时：“as”特殊定语从句的位置较灵活，可以置于先行成分之前、之中或之后。但如果先行成分是直接引语，“as”特殊定语从句多在先行成分之前。如果先行成分是否定句，“as”特殊定语从句与否定词的相对位置不同可以使它产生不同的意义。由于“as”特殊定语从句具有这一特点，所以有时它的位置不能随便移动。在非正式的文体里，“which”特殊定语从句可以出现在先行成分之中。‎ ‎　　三、“as/which”特殊定语从句的语义功能 ‎　　一般说来，as与which的语义功能相同，可以相互替换。但先行成分为句子时，它们的语义功能则有差异。‎ ‎　　1. 表示结果 ‎　　表示结果的特殊定语从句与其先行成分之间存在着一定的因果关系，从句中往往使用有结果意义的词，如动词result, make, enable, cause和形容词interesting, surprising, delightful, disgraceful等。‎ ‎　　2. 表示评注 ‎　　表示评注的特殊定语从句对其先行成分所述事实的正确性有肯定的倾向，它通常与那些表示客观事实，普遍真理或某种习性的先行成分连用；从句中则常用一些表示“合乎自然规律”、“众所周知”或“经常发生”等意义的词语，如natural, known to all, usual等。‎ ‎　　3. 有无状语意义 ‎ ‎　　“as”特殊定语从句具有状语意义（主要是方式状语意义），而“which”特殊定语从句则无状语意义。“as”特殊定语从句的状语意义要求它在语义上与其先行成分的语义保持一致，“which”特殊定语从句则不受这种限制。‎ ‎　　四、关系代词as与which的句法功能 ‎　　1. as / which 在特殊定语从句中作主语。‎ ‎　　as作主语时，谓语动词常为连系动词（主要是be, seem），主语补语为usual、 a rule、 a matter of fact等时，系动词be习惯经常省略。行为动词作“as”特殊定语从句的谓语时一般用于被动语态（其中助动词be常略），不及物的行为动词在“as”特殊定语从句中作谓语的极少，常见的有happen一词。如：‎ ‎　　Freddie, as might be expected, was attending the conference.‎ ‎　　Which作主语时，谓语动词不限，主语被动皆可，只是谓语动词为被动语态时助动词be省略。‎ ‎　　2. as和which都可以在特殊定语从句中宾语。‎ ‎　　3. as和 which在特殊定语从句中作补语。如：‎ ‎　　We thought him a gentleman, as/which he could never be.‎ ‎　　“as”特殊定语从句中可以主谓倒装，“which”从句中则不能主谓倒装。‎ ‎　　如果先行成分不是主语补语或宾语补语，关系代词用which而不用as。如：‎ ‎　　He talked like a native, which/as he hardly was.‎ ‎　　4. which在特殊从定语句中作定语。‎ ‎　　which可以在特殊定语从句中作定语，修饰fact, matter, thing 等名词。这些名词代表先行成分表达的意义，有时将其略去句义仍然完整。as不能作定语。如：‎ ‎　　I was told to go not by train but bus, which advice I followed. ‎ ‎（十）关系代词that 的用法 ‎　　(1)不用that的情况　‎ ‎　　(a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。‎ ‎　　(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.　‎ ‎　　(b) 介词后不能用。　‎ ‎　　We depend on the land from which we get our food.　‎ ‎　　We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.‎ ‎　　(2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况　‎ ‎　　(a)　在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。　‎ ‎　　(b)　在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。　‎ ‎　　(c)　先行词有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修饰时，只用that。　‎ ‎　　(d)　先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.　‎ ‎　　(e)　先行词既有人，又有物时。‎ ‎　　(f) 先行词指物，在主句中作表语时．‎ ‎　　(g) 为了避免重复．‎ ‎　　(h)先行词是the way时 ‎　　举例：‎ ‎　　Is this the book that you borrowed in the library?‎ ‎　　这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗？‎ ‎　　Who that break the window should be punished．‎ ‎　　谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚．　‎ ‎　　All that is needed is a supply of oil. ‎ ‎　　所需的只是供油问题。　‎ ‎　　Finally, the their handed everything that he had stolen to the police ‎　　那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。 ‎ ‎（十一）定语从句的难点分析 ‎　　（一）限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况 ‎　　1．当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much，each等修饰时 ‎　　(1) Have you taken down everything (that) Mr. Li has said?‎ ‎　　(2) There seems to be nothing (that) seems impossible for him in the world.‎ ‎　　(3) All that can be done has been done.‎ ‎　　(4) There is little (that) I can do for you.‎ ‎　　注意1：部分时候that可以省略，如部分例句将that用括号括住。‎ ‎　　注意2：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who ‎　　(4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.‎ ‎　　2. 当先行词被序数词修饰 ‎　　(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.‎ ‎　　3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时 ‎　　(1) This is the best film that I have seen.‎ ‎　　4. 当形容词被the very, the only，the same,the last 修饰时 ‎　　(1) This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy,‎ ‎　　(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.‎ ‎　　当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who ‎　　(3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting？‎ ‎　　5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时 ‎　　(1) Who is the man that is standing there?‎ ‎　　(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?‎ ‎　　6. 当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时 ‎　　(1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?‎ ‎　　7.当关系代词在定语从句中做表语或先行词本身就作主语的表语 ‎　　(1)The village is no longer the one that it used to be 10 years ago.‎ ‎　　(2)This is a good book that will help you a lot. ‎ ‎　　（二）关系代词as和which引导的定语从句as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：‎ ‎　　1．As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。‎ ‎　　(1) He married her, as/which was natural.‎ ‎　　(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.‎ ‎　　2. as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思 ‎　　(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country.‎ ‎　　(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.‎ ‎　　(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.‎ ‎　　(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe.‎ ‎　　注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which ‎　　(5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.‎ ‎　　3. 当先行词受such, the same修饰时，常用as ‎　　(1) I have never heard such a story as he tells.‎ ‎　　(2) He is not such a fool as he looks.‎ ‎　　(3) This is the same book as I lost last week.‎ ‎　　注意：当先行词由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同 ‎　　(4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding. ‎ ‎　　她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。‎ ‎　　(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。‎ ‎　　注意：定语从句such…as …与结果状语从句such… that ‎　　…的区别：as在所引导的定语从句中作主语，宾语；that在结果状语从句中不做成分 ‎　　(6)He has such a good laptop as I want to buy.‎ ‎　　(7)He has such a good laptop that I want to by one.‎ ‎　　(三）以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常可以省略。[来源:1]‎ ‎　　(1) The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.‎ ‎　　(四) but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句 ‎　　(1) There are very few but understand his idea. ‎ ‎　　( but= who don’t )‎ ‎　　(五) 区分定语从句和同位语从句 ‎　　1．定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；‎ ‎　　同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系 ‎　　(1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. 定语从句 ‎　　(2) The fact that he has been dead is clear. 同位语从句 ‎　　2．定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；‎ ‎　　同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不做成分；‎ ‎　　句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等词引导，充当成分 ‎　　(1) The news he told me is true.‎ ‎　　(2) The news that he has just died is true.‎ ‎　　(3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. 定语 ‎　　(4) The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.‎ ‎　　3. 同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以 ‎　　(1) The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful. 同位语 ‎　　(2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.‎ ‎　　(3) The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all.‎ ‎　　(4) The fact is that the earth moves around the earth. ‎ ‎　　18. 定语从句 ‎ ‎　　定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。‎ ‎　　关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。‎ ‎　　关系副词有： when, where, why等。‎ ‎　　18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句 ‎ ‎　　关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。‎ ‎　　1）who, whom, that ‎　　这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： ‎ ‎　　Is he the man who/that wants to see you?‎ ‎　　他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）‎ ‎　　He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.‎ ‎　　他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）‎ ‎　　2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：‎ ‎　　They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.　那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。‎ ‎　　Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.　请递给我那本绿皮的书。‎ ‎　　3）which, that ‎ ‎　　它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：‎ ‎　　A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）‎ ‎　　The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语）‎ ‎　　［定语从句］介词+关系词 ‎　　1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。‎ ‎　　2）that前不能有介词。‎ ‎　　3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。例如：‎ ‎　　This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。‎ ‎　　This is the house where I lived two years ago.‎ ‎　　Do you remember the day on which you joined our club？ 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？‎ Do you remember the day when you joined our club？‎ ‎1.中国诗人苏轼- Su Shi   ‎ The Chinese literator and poet Su Shi lived from AD 1037 to 1101. During his life, he created many works. He was perhaps most famous for his poems, but he also wrote many essays and was famous in the officialdom. I admire Su Shi because he has made a great contribution to the literature and was tough even when facing ‎ troubles. In Chinese history, Su Shi, together with his brother Su Zhe and father Su Xun, were all famous and were called Three Sus. But Su Shi’s contribution was the greatest. He not only created wonderful works, but also did many good things for common people when he was an officer. Today, there is still a Su Bank in Hangzhou‎ ‎Province. Because of Su’s talent, Su was envied and was relegated to Huangzhou, a poor place. Even when Su was there, he didn’t lose his spirit for the life. What’s more, his poems created at that time was even better. Su’s time has past, but his spirit lives forever. Su Shi, who appears as a star in Song Dynasty, lights up my heart and soul with his great spirit. Whenever I meet difficulties, I can hear him saying, “Be hopeful and powerful, believe you can face the reality!”‎ ‎    2.互联网-The Internet ‎ The Internet exerts a peculiar fascination on a great many people. Both the old and the youth can enjoy the civilized comforts which modern science brings to us. It really adds color to the dull routine of everyday life. There is no doubt that for the youth the Internet is an important tool for study. Nothing can be compared with its convenient operation, high speed and varied information resources. As long as you click what you need, you’ll get a large number of information picked out in such a short time. Besides outputting the information, at the same time, yon can input your own works and send them to the Internet. In this way you can have more opportunities to share the tremendous spiritual excitement with the ones who have common goals. By comparison, the youth prefer to spend the long and friendless evenings in front of the computer—it seers to be the only form of entertainment. They have a variety of experiences: from the chat to the love online from the network game to the network crime. Perhaps they have led the cultural trend of the network, and they are the spreader of the Internet culture. The old, however, sometimes imagine .the Internet to be a sort of place full of mystery. They often failed to understand how the ‘net’ works. One thing is certain, however, they always go into raptures at the mere mention the Internet. They are forever talking with a proud about how skilled their grandsons operate the computer and surf the Internet, or the fantastic the Internet trip they went on their own ----after that, they never forget to list the privilege of modern science one by one, and make a conclusion that how fast the science and technology developed. No one can avoid being influenced by modern science and technology. Maybe we can use our intelligence to make more discoveries and create more inventions aiming at influencing more people.‎ ‎     3.开心生活A Big Heart for Life ‎ I will never forget that moment when I was pressing the buttons on the phone .I was entering a hot line to find out my results in the final examination of junior school. I remember having a hopeful but anxious feeling in my stomach. Kill or cure? The big moment had come. On hearing the voice say "Congratulations! You come top in the exam." I cheered up.”You make it!" I just smiled a big smile to myself. The success really encouraged me a lot. However, god seemed to have pulled a prank on me. The most depressing just followed the most inspiring success I have achieved. No sooner had I got the good news than I was hit by a serious fever, which made me in bed for a whole week. It was really annoying at the thought of all the joys I missed. If I hadn＇t been ill, I could have had a good time with my old friends! I also missed the chance to enjoy a party which all my classmates took part in before we fell apart. What I want to say in the end is that everyone has his day, while everyone must face up to some hardships and pains. Life, as it really is, is always filled with sorrow and joy. Don＇t get vain when you success. Don’t lose heart when meeting difficulties. Just take it easy and work hard. Life will eventually give you much in return for a big heart.‎ ‎    4.世界和平 -World Peace ‎ Iraq‎ is a part of the Middle East next to Iran & Kuwait. It is very important to the rest of the world because of its underground petroleum fields. It is said that oil is industrial blood and for this reason perhaps the war started. On September 11,2019,the Twin Towers in New York as well as parts of the Pentagon were destroyed by an airplane planned by terrorists, which made George Bush declared to fight the country’s enemies. It was said that Iraq still possessed many weapons of mass destruction and weapon inspectors were sent to the country by the UN to find the clues. Though no evidence was found, America still wanted to go to war with Iraq and the main target is Sadam Hussein. The war was just like the quiet battle between France and China in 1800s.It was said that a relation of Sadam betrayed him. I think war is not just a matter of two persons or two-family fight. It is related to so many victims’ inrerests . As a leader, one must always think for all the people, so will his country be prosperous for always.‎ ‎     5.自由梦想-Freedom in my Dream ‎ Freedom for many children is the coming day when they could improve myself in their own way to use my 24 hours. They can study language by watching film instead of working on boring grammar and multiple choices. Boys and girls can have enough time to do sports to keep health not going on a diet as a result of junk food and a lack of sports caused by too much homework. Freedom is as simple as my playing piano all night without worrying about disturbing my 14-year-old neighbour who has to go to school the next day for my house ‎ is specially made. It also could be freedom in my dream that one day, political democracy becomes true. Freedom in my life is the name of all kindness and happiness. People have common desire under the sun. For mankind, freedom commonly means respect, love, blessing and dignity. For some people, freedom is that some day, he can give up his own interests to guarantee others’ rights. It is no wonder that so many people fought for freedom even didn’t hesitate to give up their lives when necessary . I would like to be a freedom fighter for human rights some day in future.‎ ‎     6.A Thirsty World-干渴的世界 ‎ ‎    The world is not only hungry, it is also thirsty. This may sound strange, since nearly seventy percent of the earth's surface is covered with water. But about ninety percent of this is sea water. Man and most of the animals can only drink and use the remaining percent of water——fresh water.     The need for water is increasing day by day. Only steps are taken to deal with this problem immediately can we avoid a severe world wide water shortage later on. One of the first steps is to develop ways to reuse it.     Experiments have already keen carried out in this field. The used witer has been pumped to a water purifying plant. There, it can be separated from waste matter and treated with chemicals so that it can be used again, just as if it were fresh water from a spring. [点评]     水资源短缺是地球上的一大问题，但作者告诉我们对废水的处理和再次利用可解决此问题，让我们看到希望。 [参考译文] 干渴的世界     这个世界不但缺少粮食，而且也缺少水。这听上去可能有点奇怪。因为地球上几乎70％被水所覆盖。但其中90％是海水。人和大多数动物只能饮用剩余的水——淡水。     对水的需求与日俱增。只有立刻采取措施解决这一问题才能避免日后全球范围内严重缺水。第一步便是水的重新利用。     在这方面已经进行了一些研究。用过的水被抽到净化水的工厂。在那里，水被从废物中分离，然后再用化学物质处理。水便可再次使用，就像泉中的水一样干净。‎ ‎1.一个人过节 Mid-Autumn Day,all the country is celebrating. The streets are full of people, the loves are holding each other tightily.Everyone has his day.However,I am lonely.No one to hold,no one to kiss,no ont to talk! ‎ I was walking around the street without purpose,seeing the lovers kissing,watching the fireworkes alone,walking backe room whist. ‎ Suddenly,i think i must be good to myself.So i decied to bue a present to myself.I know I will be good soon,and will find my Mr.Right.So tonight, a little teddy bear will sleep with me.And i know:i will have another teddy bear as a present that not bought from myself!!! ‎ ‎　 2. 中秋节英语作文 中秋节的一天 Mid Autumn Festival is a traditional festival of China. It used to be as important as Spring Festival .It is usually celebrated in September or Ocotber. This festival is to celebrate the havast and to enjoy the beautiful moon light.To some extent， it is like Thanks Giving day in western countries. On this day， people usually get together with their families and have a nice meal. After that， people always eat delicious moon cakes， and watch the moon. The moon is always very round on that day， and makes people think of their relitives and friends. It is a day of pleasure and happiness. Hope you have a wonderful Mid Autumn festival！ ‎ The Mid-Autumn Festival is one of the two most important holidays in the Chinese calendar （the other being the Chinese Lunar New Year）， and is a legal holiday in several countries. ‎ Farmers celebrate the end of the summer harvesting season on this date. Traditionally，on this day，Chinese family members and friends will gather to admire the bright mid-autumn harvest moon， and eat moon cakes and pomeloes together. It is also common to have barbecues outside under the moon， and to put pomelo rinds on one's head. Brightly lit lanterns are often carried around by children. ‎ Together with the celebration，there appear some special customs in different parts of the country，such as burning incense，planting Mid-Autumn trees，lighting lanterns on towers，and fire dragon dances. Shops selling mooncakes，before the festival，often display pictures of Chang'e，floating to the moon. ‎ ‎3. 母亲节英语作文:我的妈妈 My mother is a simple woman who comes from the countryside with little education. But in my eyes, she is the greatest mother in the world. Her perseverance gives me courage in all my life. Whenever I have trouble doing something and think about giving up, the scene that happened three years ago to mother just come into my mind. ‎ Having asked for a leave from the teacher, I left the boring class and went to home with my favorite novel tucked under my arm. Father was at work, brother was at school, mother wouldn't be back from her small store until evening. I felt very happy thinking that I would have the entire house to myself. I bounded up steps, burst into the room but was shocked by whatever I saw. Mother was sitting in the sofa, sobbing with her shoulder twitching. I had never seen mother crying before. I went close to her, asking what had happened. She wiped her tears, forced a smile, and told me calmly that her small store was going to break. I didn’t know how to comfort her at the moment, but I did know what the small store meant to her. ‎ Mother ran the small store in order for my brother and me to have a better education. As father worked with low salary which could merely afford the whole family's life necessities, mother had to try hard to earn money for our education. She was frantic to make money before she managed the store herself. She once worked day and night for months on end in a small restaurant. It was a very difficult period of time for her. But she never complained before us. Eventually, she had her own business by running the small store. And she really managed it well all the time with great efforts. I never expected that the store would break. This will undoubtedly take everything away from my mother. I couldn't help worrying about her. Mother seemed to read the worry on my face. She patted me on my shoulder, speaking with a faint smile: "Well, it may not be that serious. I'll try to ‎ make it better whatever. We'll be fine, my dear boy." I was so moved by mother's words. It turned out that mother really rebuilt her business soon and the store ran well. I could imagine how much mother had paid for her small store business. It was really too much for a woman. But she never gave up. She just went ahead with her unusual perseverance. ‎ Now both my brother and I are studying at college. Mother works harder to finance our education. She is struggling by all means to keep the store business going. Her unusual perseverance is so inspiring to me that I will never give up halfway in my life.‎ ‎4. 国庆节的英语作文 每年的十月一日是一年一度的国庆节，是我们伟大祖国母亲的生日。伴随着风风雨雨，我们的母亲祖国已经60周岁了，这一天，举国上下都在欢度庆祝这一节日。 The year is the annual National Day on October 1, the birthday of our great motherland. Along with ups and downs, it's been 60 years of our mothers, this day, this nation will celebrate the festival at the venue. ‎ Early in the morning, we go to school, at school, some students out of bulletin boards and painting; Some do greeting cards, open class meetings with a special theme; Others through diaries, poems and other forms expressed her love for the motherland. National Day holiday, the students have to stay at home with Mom and Dad together, the cruise sites, the great cultural experience. Shop at the door with balloons and colorful flags, red, yellow and green : : permeated with an atmosphere of jubilation. Everybody inside, in the original discount, launched a series of promotional activities. Street sea, but also rank long car buying service, the fight must wait long periods. Scenic visitors like long, countless men, women and children in which to do that people have been taking advantage of the festive play out. Almost no empty parking places, restaurants, hotels, the revenue will be substantial. ‎ 一大清早，我们便到了学校，在学校里，同学们有的出黑板报、画画；有的做贺卡、开主题班会；还有的通过日记、诗歌等形式纷纷表达对祖国妈妈的爱。国庆长假，同学们跟爸爸妈妈一起走出家门，游览名胜古迹，领略祖国的伟大文化。商店的门口悬挂着气球和彩旗，有红的、有黄的、有绿的……洋溢着喜庆的气氛。里面人声鼎沸，原来都在打折、开展系列促销活动。街上人山人海，就连坐车买票也要排着长长的队伍，打的也要等好长时间。风景区的游人有如长龙，不计其数，男女老少尽在其中，人们都趁着节日出来游玩。停车场几乎没有空位子，饭店，宾馆的收入一定十分可观。 ‎ Distant uncle, made a phone call to tell us that the Beijing National hot topic. I would like to go to Beijing to see Tiananmen Square, we see the face of great capital, and uncle, I have arranged to get together with the Beijing next summer. ‎ 远方北京的叔叔打来电话告诉我们，北京国庆热闹非凡。我很想去北京，看看天安门，看看我们伟大首都的面貌，我和叔叔已经约好明年暑假一起同畅游北京。 ‎ National Day is a happy holiday, really raising people's living standards rapidly. In her mother's embrace of the motherland, happiness to grow and wish the motherland mother always beautiful, always prosperous and wish the motherland has become more prosperous and developed. ‎ 国庆节是一个快乐的节日，人民的生活水平真的提高得很快。我们在祖国妈妈的怀抱中，幸福、快乐地成长，愿祖国妈妈永远美丽、永远繁荣，愿祖国一年比一年兴旺、发达！国庆节介绍： ‎ 国庆节（National Day ‎ ‎）是一个国家最隆重的政治性节日，各国国庆节的名称和日期的确定不尽相同。 ‎ 从名称上讲，在世界100多个国家中，称“国庆节”或“国庆日”（National Day）的有中国等约40 个国家；称“独立日”或“独立节”（Independence Day）的有美国、墨西哥、菲律宾、缅甸等约60个国家；称“和日”或“和国日”（Republic Day）的有南斯拉夫、冰岛等国家；另外还有称“日”、“联合日（Union Day）”、“成立日”、“革命节（Revolution Day）”等的，真是形形色色，五花八门。 ‎ 从日期上说，全世界包括我国在内，约有30个国家以建国日为国庆节；有的是以宪法颁布日为国庆节，如德国；有的是以革命起义日为国庆节，如法国；有的是以国家元首的生日为国庆节，如英国、日本、泰国等。有趣的是，一些国家随着国王、天皇或女王的更换而改变国庆节的日期。 ‎ 世界上历史最悠久的国庆节是圣马力诺的国庆节，远在公元301年，圣马力诺就把9月3日定为自己的国庆节，至今已有1，700多年的历史。 ‎ 国庆节常用词汇句型归纳： ‎ 通常要表示“庆祝”节日，我们都用celebrate 这个词，比如： ‎ Chinese people are going to celebrate their National Day on October 1. ‎ The Mid-autumn Festival was celebrated by Chinese people all around the world. ‎ 要表示“以……方式庆祝”，我们通常说： ‎ We celebrated the New Year with a dance party. ‎ We hold a dragon boat competition to celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival. ‎ 如果要说“庆祝活动”，通常用celebration 这个词。庆祝活动通常是不止一个了，所以还有celebrations，比如： ‎ The villagers had a celebration， with a new film to finish up with. ‎ I'm sure the Times Square celebrations cost a lot of money. ‎ 最后，再来学几个有关国庆节的表达： ‎ National Day is coming. 国庆节快到了。 ‎ National Day falls on Monday this year. 今年国庆节是星期一。 ‎ October 1st. is China‘s National Day. 十月一日是中国的国庆节。 ‎ It's a fortnight to National Day. 离国庆节还有两星期。‎ ‎5. My diary ‎ I have a habit of keeping an English diary before going to sleep. It not only helps improve my English level but also can bring me great joy, and the most important is that I always get some gain after finishing each one. Here is my diary named “An unforgettable scene in the park” [来源:学。科。网]‎ Mar 23rh: ‎ It was Sunday morning, it rained last night. The rain stopped about midnight. I got up early and went to a park near my house to breathe fresh air there. The park was full of spring flowers and lots of people were busy doing morning exercise. I walked for an hour and sat on a bench next to an old couple. As it was an early spring morning, there was a cold wind blowing, and then I saw the old man take off his old-fashioned coat and wrapped it around his wife. And there were some happy and contented smiles on her face at the same time. I was deeply moved by the scene and thought if we all do something like this; the world will be more and more beautiful. ‎ ‎6. my friend Lisa is a good girl. She is my best friend. We are students. I know each other very well.‎ Lisa has very long and black hair. Her eyes are very bright. She is thin but not weak. She is smart and active. But sometimes she is quiet. She is very strict with herself. She studies very hard. She wants to enter a good middle school next year. So she always tells me to study hard together. We hope we can get into the same school next year.‎ We have the same hobbies. She likes playing badminton, and I like it too. We like the same music, the same books. Her favourite book is Harry Potter. I like it , too. We often read books together.‎ She is also brave and independent. You know, our parents come to school to take us home every Friday afternoon. But one Friday, I found her go home alone by taxi. I said: “ You are very brave, you are the best.” She said “Thanks”with smile.‎ She tells me she wants to be a nutritionist one day. I think it very hard to be a nutritionist.But she says where there is a will, there is a way. I hope her dream will come true one day.‎ Lisa, you’re my friend. I have to learn from you. I love you. ‎ ‎7. 金钱就是一切吗-Is Money Everything?‎ Is Money Everything?      At present some people think that money is everything. They say that you can do everything if you have money. You can live in a beautiful house, keep a luxurious ear and have all sorts of delicious food.      I don＇t think so. Indeed, money can buy a lot of things we need. But there are many, many wonderful things in the world that cannot be bough/; with money.      For example, knowledge cannot be bought with money. One cannot be rich in knowledge unless he studies hard. Time cannot be bought with money, either. Who can buy even a second with money?      There are still many other things that cannot be bought with money: health,life, happiness,friendship, love and so on. Just think, if a person hasn＇t these things at all, is the money still useful?      Now, do you think money is everything?     金钱就是一切吗?     近来，有些人认为钱就是一切，他们说，要是有了钱，你就可以做任何事情，你可以住舒适的房子，坐豪华的轿车，吃可口的饭菜。     我不这么认为。的确，钱可以买到我们需要的许多东西，但是，世界上还有许多美丽的东西用钱是买不到的。     例如，知识是买不来的，一个人要想获得丰富的知识，只有通过艰苦的学习。时间用钱也是买不来的，谁能用钱买来哪怕一秒钟的时间呢?     还有很多东西是钱买不到的，比如健康、生命、快乐、友谊、爱情等等，试想，一个人要是连这些东西都没有，那光有钱又有什么用呢?     现在，你还认为钱就是一切吗?‎ ‎8. 我的梦想My Dreams I want to be a teacher when I listen to my teacher carefully. I think I can be a teacher when I grow up. I can help many students learn things well. I can play with my students, too. So we are good friends.   I want to be a doctor when I see many doctors save their patients. ‎ To be a doctor is really great. I think I can be a doctor when I grow up. Then I can help many people out of danger. I will be the happiest girl in the world.   I want to be a reporter when I watch TV every evening. We can get lots of important information from them. They make the world smaller and also make us happy. I would like to be a reporter when I grow up. And I can learn a lot about China and the other countries around the world. I can meet many superstars as well.   I have lots of dreams. I think my dreams can come true one day, because there’s an old saying “where there is a will, there is a way.”‎ ‎9. 感恩的英语作文 Mama, thank you for so many years of my education and training, ignorance of the past, I always Jalan you angry, but now I grow up, self-reliance, and I feel that I should not be so naive, and her mother, I will work hard Learning, you will not live up to my expectations! Really very grateful to my mother to take care of. When I was sick, my mother is always in every possible way to take care of me. When I failed the examination, the mother also encouraged me to refuel, not to become disheartened. Really grateful to my mother has done, I know it was my mother I love the performance, really would like to thank my mother. I think in this world, I love you people, my mother ‎10. 环保 Only One Earth ‎ We have only one earth. But now,the environment becomes worse and worse. ‎ As you know,there's no enough clean water for people. So many of them lose their lives because of water. In a lot of countries, people have to cut trees for living. So there's nothing to keep water from running away. Also we have polluted the land, the river and the air. So we have to face more and more floods and droughts . ‎ It's time that we must do something useful to protect our environment. We can plant trees and take good care of them. We can save the water and ask our parents to do so. We can't throw any litter onto the ground and we should collect them for recycling. ‎ If we take good care of our earth today,it will be more beautiful tomorrow. ‎ As you know,there's no enough clean water for people. So many of them lose their lives because of water. ‎ 如你所知，人类不再拥有足够的纯净水源，许多人因缺水而失去生命。 ‎ In a lot of countries, people have to cut trees for living. ‎ 在很多国家，人们为了生存而不得不砍伐树木。 ‎ So there's nothing to keep water from running away. ‎ 如此，再也没有能阻止水流失的东西存在了。 ‎ Also we have polluted the land, the river and the air. So we have to face more and more floods and droughts . ‎ 我们同时污染着土地，河流和空气。以至于我们不得不面对越来越多的洪水和干旱。 ‎ It's time that we must do something useful to protect our environment. ‎ 现在是我们必须做些什么来保护环境的时候了。 ‎ We can plant trees and take good care of them. We can save the water and ask our parents to do so. ‎ 我们可以植树并照顾它们。我们可以节约用水并让我们的父辈也这样做。 ‎ We can't throw any litter onto the ground and we should collect them for recycling. ‎ 我们不能乱丢废弃物在地上。应将其收集并循环利用。 ‎ If we take good care of our earth today,it will be more beautiful tomorrow. ‎ 如果我们今天好好对待我们的地球，那它明天就会更美丽。 ‎ 根据下列提示用英语制作海报，呼吁人们节约用水。‎ ‎★ 水是生命之源，无水便无生命；‎ ‎★ 现代社会对水的需求越来越大；‎ ‎★ 许多地方缺水，大量的水被污染；‎ ‎★ 许多人浪费水；‎ ‎★ 采取措施，与污染及浪费水的行为作斗争。‎ 注意：词数：60左右。 ‎ Saving water means saving ourselves!‎ ‎★ Water is the basic source of life. There would be no life without water.‎ ‎★ More and more water is needed in the modern society.‎ ‎★ Many places are short of water; many rivers and lakes are polluted. What’s worse, many people are wasting water.‎ ‎★ In order to protect water, let’s do something to fight against all kinds of pollution and waste of water.‎ 专项练习五：写作题 ‎ 要求：条理清楚，语意连贯，句式书写规范，字迹工整。 ‎ 一，根据表格内容，用英语写一篇题为“Changes in people’s life”的短文，介绍过去和现在人们生活的变化。（词数80—100） ‎ Past Now Touching Send letters Telephone internet News or information Listen to radio ‎ Watch TV Go to school or go out Walk, by bike ‎ By bike , by bus Rooms Small dark Tall, bright, or apartment Transportation in streets Terrible narrow dirty dangerous Good comfortable wide clean, safe ‎ Great changes have taken place in people’s life in the past 20 years . In the past people kept in touch with friends mainly by sending letters.but now people keep in touch with friends by telephone or on the internet .they got news or information by listening to radio ,now they can get information by watching TV . The students went to school and people went out on foot or by bike . now they can take a bus or ride bikes . In the past people’s rooms were dark and small ,now they have built more and more tall and bright buildings , even some rich people can rent apartments , The transportations were very terrible and dangerous . the streets were narrow and dirty ,now the transportations are good ,comfortable and safe .the streets are wide and clean. ‎ 二，根据提示，以中国为例，“The Population Problem”的短文。（80—110词） ‎ 提示：1，介绍世界人中问题及中国人口问题，及中国人口所占比例。 ‎ ‎2，介绍中国巨大的人口问题给每个家庭及国家造成的影响。 ‎ ‎3，介绍中国人口过多所造成的不利因素。（至少五点） ‎ ‎4，中国政府所采取的控制人口政策及成效，中国人口问题前景。 ‎ The Population Problem ‎ The Population Problem is one of the greatest problems in the world today .China has the largest population in the world . If population is growing too fast , it will bring lots of serious troubles. Over population makes the traffic crowded . It makes the environment terrible . So we must try our best to control the population .‎ 三，生活中充满了爱。有父母的爱，兄弟姐妹的爱，有朋友的爱，有老师的爱，……‎ 请阅读下列材料，并以“Love”为话题，简要描述一件发生在你周围的事。（80—100词） ‎ Love means giving . Love means pay attention to others .Love means giving warmth to the one you love . Love also means understanding . ‎ There is a lot of love around us . One day , when I was playing football with my classmates on the playground , I fell down and hurt my legs badly . My classmates took me to the hospital at once . while I staying in bed . some of my classmates came to see me and helped me with my lessons . So I caught up with others soon after I came back to school and passed all the exams . I was so grateful . Loving is giving and love is paying attention to others . thanks to my classmates , I will do my best to give all my love to others . ‎ 四，阅读理解电视广告词，“If we don’t save water , the last drop of water will be a tear drop” ‎ 请根据表格提示写一篇80—100词左右的短文。 ‎ 要点提示 参考词汇 ‎ 益处 水的重要性，生活离不开水 ‎ Important. Can’t live without water ‎ 存在问题 浪费水严重水污染严重举实例 ‎ Waste water;don’t care of seriously polluted ‎ 建议 节约用水，保护水资源 ‎ Save water ‎ Water is very important to humans . we can’t live without water . there is less and less water on the earth . But some people don’t seem to care of that . they waste a lot of water . They pour dirty water into the rivers lakes and pollute them . they throw rubbish into them too . many rivers and lakes are seriously polluted . we must save water . We must protect the water as well as find ways to reuse it . If we don’t , the last drop of water will be a tear-drop . ‎ 五，请根据下面表格的提示，写一篇题为”saving the earth “的短文，（80—100词） ‎ 人类不明智之举 ‎ 乱伐树木，乱扔垃圾，不加处理排放废物 ‎ 导致的问题 ‎ 土地沙化，河水变脏，空气质量差，全球气温升高 ‎ 建议 ‎ 合理化建议至少三条 ‎ Saving the Earth ‎ As time goes by , man is making the earth sick . people cut down too many trees and leave soils . everywhere ,Factories letout their waste without doing anything to it . this has caused some serious problems . for example , the land is sandy ,the river is dirty ,the air is less clean ,even the temperature of the earth is rising .and she is shouting for help .what shall we do to save her ? my suggestion is that we should plant more trees . put the rubbish into dustbins and stop factories from pouring waste directly into the air or rivers . In all ,we have only one earth ,we should do every duty to protect it ,or we will regret. ‎ 六，用（ ）回答下列问卷，调查表中的问题，然后根据你的选择写一篇环保文章，并适当发表你的看法，80—100词。 ‎ Questionaire yes no ‎ ‎1,Do you collect waste things for recycling? ( ) ( ) ‎ ‎2, Have you ever planted trees? ( ) ( ) ‎ ‎3, Have you ever litter thing about ? ( ) ( ) ‎ ‎4, Have you ever spat on a street ? ( ) ( ) ‎ ‎5, Have you ever picked the flowers in parks? ( ) ( ) ‎ ‎6, Have you ever stepped on the grass in your school ? ( ) ( ) ‎ It’s our duty to protect our environment . wherever we live .we can do something to keep our neighborhood clean and tidy . we can collect waste things for recycling . we should plant more trees . we mustn’t litter things about or spit on the street . we mustn’t pick the flowers or step on the grass in public places . If everyone makes a contribution to protecting the environ- ment . the world will become much more beautiful . And our life will be better and better . ‎ 七，李强的父母在一次交通事故中双双死去，他只能和年迈的爷爷奶奶住在一起，贫困的生活使他不得不辍学回家，后来，他得到了政府及希望工程的帮助，以此为话题写一篇80—100词的短文。 ‎ Three years ago , Li Qiang’s parents died of a traffic accident . He had to live with his old grandparents . They lived a poor life . Soon after that Li Qiang had to leave school because of hard life . Thanks to Project Hope .He returned to school again . He worked very hard at his lessons . He was always ready to help others . He wanted to be a teacher when he grew up so that he could reward the kind-hearted people who helped him . ‎ 八，环境正在恶化，有许多种污染，其中最严重的有水污染和空气污染。水污染可以致病，写一篇短文，建议工厂不要直接往河里排放脏水，不要排放废气。80—100词 ‎ The environment is becoming worse and worse .There are many kinds of pollution I worry about . The most serious two are water pollution and air pollution . Because people can’t live healthily with dirty water and polluted air , nor can animals . More and more diseases are caused by polluted air .‎ I think factories should not pour dirty water into the river directly or produce more waste gas . we’d better go on foot or by bike instead of by car .because more cars mean more waste gas . we should make our world more and more beautiful . ‎ 九，如何保护好环境？保护环境应从哪些方面做起？运用所学知识，写一篇80--100词短文。 ‎ Good environment can make people feel happy and fit . To improve the environment means to improve our life . we should plant more trees and flowers around us . we shouldn’t cut them down . we should stop factories from pouring waste water into the river and waste gas into the air . whenever we see litter on the ground . we should pick it up and throw it into dustbin . Never spit in public places . Don’t draw on public walls . It’s our duty to keep our neighour- hood clean and tidy . ‎ 十，上周，教师在课堂上给我们讲了有关希望工程（the Hope Project）的事，王英同学是怎样帮助失学儿童的？他做了些什么事？80—100词。 ‎ Last week the teacher told us something about the Project Hope in class . Wang Ying thought she must do somethings to help the children in the countryside . because they too poor to go to school . When she came back home , she took out her money collecting box ,then she wrote a letter to them and hurried to the post office . Together with the letter ,she posted the money and sent her best wishes to them . ‎ 十一，李明看见一家工厂在向市区的一条河里排放污水，很多鱼和小动物都已经死去，一切都已改变，以前长满鲜花和小草的小河两岸也被污染…… ‎ 请根据以上情况，以的身份给《中学生21世纪报》报社编辑写一封信（信的开头和结尾已写出，字数80—100） ‎ Dear Editor : ‎ My name is Li Ming .Yesterday , I saw a chemical plant pouring some waste water into the river near here on my way home . The water is so dirty , and it smells terrible .It is difficult for me to breathe .What’s more ,the animals and a lot of fish in the river have already died .All the flowers and grass have gone . Everything has been changed . I think it’s our duty to protect the environment . ‎ Please save our river , save our city and save our environment . ‎ Yours, ‎ Li Ming ‎ 十二，许多游客喜欢去国家森林公园观光旅游，为保护森林，保护环境，请在游客登山的路途上提醒他们几点注意事项。80—100词 ‎ ‎1，严禁在林中生火、吸烟，要保护树林。2，不要乱扔废纸、塑料袋、瓶子等垃圾，请将垃圾随身带走。3， 保持河流洁净，这是村民的饮用水。 4，不要伤害动物、鸟类及昆虫。5，不要采摘花草。 ‎ When you climb the mountain ,you should follow the rules : ‎ ‎1, Mustn’t start fires and smoke in the woods . in order to protect the trees . ‎ ‎2, Don’t throw waster paper , plastic bags and bottles everywhere , please take them with you when you leave . ‎ ‎3, Please keep the river clean ,it’s the villagers drinking water . ‎ ‎4, Don’t kill or hurt any animals ,birds or insects . ‎ ‎5, Don’t dig up any plants or pick flowers . ‎ 十三，根据提示写出你对环境污染的看法。80—100词 ‎ 提示：1，空调和汽车增加，排出大量废气。（air-conditioner 空调） ‎ ‎2，森林减少，风沙变大，气候 更加干燥。（give off 排放） ‎ ‎3，河流污染，导致花草枯萎及鱼死亡，城市供水不足。 ‎ In recent years ,our life is becoming better and better . But our environment is becoming worse and worse , It’s very bad for our life . ‎ Now many people have air-conditioners and cars ,they give off waste gases ,More and more trees are being cut down without being planted in time . there are so much sand on the earth .and the weather has become drier than before . water in the river is quite dirty ,we haven’t enough water to drink in cities . Now we’re in danger ., It’s very important and necessary to protect the environment well . I think , if everyone does something to improve the environment , the world will become much more beautiful .‎