高考英语语法要点专题复习13 31页

‎2013届高三英语语法要点精讲（配最新高考+模拟）‎ 专题13 虚拟语气 ‎【考纲解读】‎ 虚拟语气是高考热点，考生需要注意if条件从句中虚拟语气的用法、含蓄条件句中虚拟语气的用法和名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；以及虚拟语气中倒装的出现；虚拟语气用于定语从句等。‎ ‎【知识要点】‎ 虚拟语气 一、语气的定义和种类 ‎1.语气(mood) 语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。‎ ‎2.语气的种类 ‎1)陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如： There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。 Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗？ How good a teacher she is! 她是多好的一位老师啊！ ‎2)祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如： Never be late again! 再也不要迟到了。 Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。 ‎3)虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观 愿望、假设或推测等。如： If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。 May you succeed! 祝您成功！ 二、简单句中的虚拟语气 ‎1.情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。如： Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office？ 请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？ It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。‎ ‎2.表祝愿 ‎1)常用“may+动词原形”表示“祝愿，但愿”，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）如：May good luck be yours! 祝你好运！ May you do even better! 祝你取得更大成就！ May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩得痛快。 May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。 May you be happy. (注意be) 祝你幸福。 ‎2)用动词原形，如： Long live the people! 人民万岁！ ‎“God bless you,”said the priest.牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！” Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！‎ ‎3.表示强烈愿望（该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形，第三人称单数也不加“s”）‎ ‎4.表命令 ‎1)命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you)，而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。 ‎2)句子尾通常加上感叹号：！  ‎3)虚拟语气动词用一般现在时态(Simple Present)，如：work, be, go ‎4)否定形式的命令语气，可用助动词do，加上not。 Do not work so hard. (do not 表示否定的虚拟语气) 别工作那么卖力。 ‎5.在一些习惯表达中，如： You’d better set off now.你最好现在就出发。‎ I’d rather not tell you the secret.我情愿不告诉你这个秘密。 三、名词性从句中的虚拟语气 ‎1.宾语从句中的虚拟语气 ‎1)在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气，常省去宾语从句的引导词that。 ‎①对现在情况的虚拟（与现在的事实相反）： 从句用过去时或过去进行时(时间上是同时的)。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语be用were，实义动词用过去式。如： I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道)‎ I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能) I wish I were a bird.但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能) Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中文。(事实上并不懂)  ‎②对过去情况的虚拟（和过去的事实相反）： 用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时，或would, could, might+现在完成时。如： I wish (that可省略，下同)I hadn’t wasted so much time. 我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了) He wishes he hadn’t lost the chance. 他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去)  ‎③对将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望)： 从句动词“would/should/could/might+动词原形”(时间上较后)(请注意：主句和从句的主语不相同)。用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。如：‎ I wish it would stop raining.(虚拟动词would+动词原形stop) 我希望雨能停止。(事实上雨还在下着呢)‎ I wish you would be quiet.(would + be)‎ ‎ 我希望你安静一些。(事实上那家伙还在吵着呢) You wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive) 你希望她第二天会到。(事实上她还没到)  注意： ① 如果将wish改为过去式wished, 其后that 从句中的动词形式不变。如： I wished I hadn’t spent so much money. 我要是那时没有花掉那么多钱就好了。 ‎②如果that 从句中用would, 一般表示对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求。如： I wish you would help me. 我希望你能帮我。 ‎2)在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 由于这些动词本身隐含说话者的主观意见，认为某事应该或不应该怎样，这些词语后面的that从句应用虚拟语气，且均以should+动词原形表示这种语气，但事实上“should”常被省略，故此从句中谓语动词用原形，常用的此类动词有： 表示“要求”的：ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg 表示“提议、劝告、建议”的：move, propose, suggest, recommend, advise, vote 表示“决定、命令”的：decide, order 表示“主张”的：maintain, urge 表示“同意、坚持”的：consent, insist 如： When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, “The razor and water do the job.” 当我建议他用刮胡膏时，他说“剃刀和水就行了”。 He pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did work. 他费了几天功夫寻找理论根据，直到我建议拆开看看它是如何转动的。 One can suggest that students should spend two or three years in an English speaking country. 我们建议学生应在说英语的国家待上两三年。 在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中虚拟语气很普遍，其结构如： order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist +... (should) do I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. 我建议我们下周开个会。 注意：在insist 后的从句中, 如果是坚持自己, 用陈述语气, 坚持别人做什么事情, 用虚拟语气。  She insists that she is right. 她坚持说她是对的。 She insisted that I should finish the work at once. 她一再坚持我应该马上完成这项工作。 或者说，suggest,‎ ‎ insist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意暗示、表明、坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。 判断改错:  ‎(错)Your pale face suggests that you (should) be ill. ‎(对)Your pale face suggests that you are ill. ‎(错)I insisted that you (should) be wrong. ‎(对) I insisted that you were wrong.  ‎3)在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气。 在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中，我们经常用“should＋动词原形(或完成形式)”，表示惊奇、怀疑、不满等。 I never thought that he should be such a brave young soldier.  我们从来没想到他是个如此勇敢的小战士。 ‎4)would rather，would sooner，had rather， would (just) as soon ，would prefer之后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 would rather, would sooner, had rather, would (just) as soon，would prefer（希望）也用来表达主观愿望，它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去时表示现在或将来，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。表示“宁愿做什么”或“对过去做的事的懊悔”。 The manager would rather his daughter did not work in the same office. 经理宁愿她女儿不与他在同一间办公室工作。 To be frank，I’d rather you were not involved in the case.坦率地说，我希望你不要卷入这件事。‎ I’d rather you didn’t make any comment on the issue for the time being. 我倒希望你暂时先不要就此事发表意见。 注意： ‎①若某人愿自己做某事，would rather后用动词原形 I would rather stay at home today.今天我愿待在家里。 ‎②would rather...than...中用动词原形 I would rather stay at home than go out today. 今天我想待在家里而不想外出。 ‎5)“had hoped”后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 用“had hoped”表示原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事情，其宾语从句的谓语用“would+动词原形”。 I had hoped that she would go to the U.S.‎ and study there, but she said she liked to stay in China. 我原本希望她到美国去念书并留在那，但她说她喜欢留在中国。‎ ‎2.主语从句中的虚拟语气 ‎1)“It is (was)+形容词（或过去分词）+that...”结构中的虚拟语气 在It is ‎ (was)+形容词（或过去分词）+that...结构中，使用某些表示愿望、建议、请求、命令、可能、适当、较好、迫切、紧近、重要等形容词后的主语从句的谓语也用虚拟语气。其表达形式为should ＋动词原形或省略should直接用动词原形（美国英语中省去should） 常用的形容词：natural (自然的), appropriate (适当的),advisable (合适的), preferable (更可取的), better (更好的)，necessary (必须的), important (重要的), imperative (急需的), essential (本质的), vital (必不可少的)，probable (很可能的), possible (可能的) desirable (极好的)，advisable（合理的），compulsory（必须的），crucial（紧急的），incredible（惊人的），necessary（必要的），possible（可能的），strange（奇怪的），urgent（紧迫的）。 常用的过去分词(Past Participle): required (需要的), demanded (要求), requested (被请求), desired (要求)，suggested (建议), recommended (推荐)，orderd (命令) 如： It is essential that these application forms be sent back as early as possible. 这些申请表应尽早地寄回，这是很重要的。 It is vital that enough money be collected to fund the project. 重要的是募集足够的钱，为这个项目提供资金。 注意：在上述所列形容词后面用that引出的宾语从句中，谓语动词也要用虚拟语气。 I don’t think it advisable that Tom be assigned to the job since he has ‎ no experience. 汤姆缺乏经验，指派他做这项工作我认为是不恰当的。 ‎2）在It is ＋名词＋that...的主语从句中的虚拟语气 在It is ＋名词＋that的主语从句中，常用虚拟语气，表示建议、命令、请求、道歉、怀疑、惊奇等。这类名词有：advice，decision，desire，demand，idea，motion，order，pity，preference，proposal，recommendation，requirement，resolution，shame，suggestion，surprise，wish，wonder等。如：‎ It is my proposal that he be sent to study further abroad.我建议派他去国外深造。 ‎3.虚拟语气用在表语从句或同位语从句中 当某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时，其后的表语从句或同位语从句需用虚拟语气，其表达形式为should ＋动词原形或直接用动词原形。这类名词常见的有： demand (要求), desire (请求),requirement (要求)，advice (劝告), recommendation (建议),suggestion (建议)，order (命令)，necessity (必要地), preference (优先)，proposal (计划), plan (计划), idea (办法)， recommendation以及resolution等。如： We are all for your proposal that the discussion be put off. 我们都赞成你提出的将讨论延期的建议。‎ The suggestion that the mayor present the prizes was accepted by ‎ everyone. 由市长颁发奖金的建议被每个人接受。 ‎【考点诠释】‎ 虚拟语气考点透析 ‎ 考点一、虚拟语气的基本用法 ‎ ‎1.与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的一般过去时（be动词用were）+其他成分+if+should/would/could...+动词原形+其他成分。例如： ‎ ‎①If it were not for the fact that she ______ sing，I would invite her to the party. ‎ A.couldn’t B.shouldn’t C.can’t D.might not ‎ 解析 句意为：如果不是因为她不会唱歌的事实，我会邀请她来参加那次聚会的。that从句为同位语从句，描述的是事实，用陈述语气。正确答案为C。 ‎ ‎2.与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的过去完成时+其他成分+if+should/would/could...+have done+其他成分。例如： ‎ If the weather had been better，we could have had a picnic.But it ______ all day. ‎ A.rained B.rains C.has rained D.is raining ‎ ‎3.与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的一般过去时/should do/were to do+其他成分+if+should/would/could...+动词原形+其他成分。例如： ‎ If I ______ plan to do anything I want to，I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. ‎ A.would B.could C.had to D.ought to ‎ 解析 句意为：如果我能够计划做我想做的事情，我想去西藏并且尽可能多玩一些地方。句子描述的是与将来事实相反的事情，所以正确答案为B。 ‎ 考点二、含蓄虚拟条件句 ‎ 这样的虚拟句不含有if从句，而是以but for/without/or/otherwise等引导的句子代替if从句，主句的谓语动词的形式与前面虚拟语气的基本用法相同。例如： ‎ Thank you for all your hard work last week.I don’t think we ______ it without you. ‎ A.can manage B.could have managed ‎ C.could managed D.can have managed ‎ 解析 ‎ 由语境可知这里要表达的意思是：如果没有你们辛勤的工作，我们不可能处理好这件事。很显然，这是对过去发生的事实的虚拟，所以要用could have done，故应选B。 ‎ 考点三、主从句时间不一致的虚拟条件句 ‎ 在有些虚拟条件句中，主从句时间不一致，应根据不同情况区别对待。例如： ‎ It’s hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ______ in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. ‎ A.wouldn’t have fallen B.had not fallen ‎ C.should fall D.were to fall ‎ 解析 句意为：如果不是我在七岁时爱上家乡的Melinda Cox图书馆的话，很难想象今天的我会是什么样子。主句描述的是与现在事实相反的事情，从句描述的是与过去事实相反的事情。正确答案为B。 ‎ 考点四、名词性从句中的虚拟语气 ‎ 在含有表示坚持、建议、命令、要求等含义的名词性从句和在it做形式宾语或形式主语的复合句中，宾语补足语是necessary/strange/essential/natural/a pity/a shame等表示“惊奇、惋惜或者理应如此”等含义时，从句中的谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”，其中should可以省略。例如： ‎ ‎—Don’t you think it necessary that he ______ to Miami but to New York？ ‎ ‎—I agree，but the problem is ______ he has refused to. ‎ A.will not be sent；that B.not be sent；that ‎ C.should not be sent；what D.should not send；what ‎ 考点五、wish/if only/would rather从句中的虚拟语气 ‎ 具体说来其基本结构为：wish/if only/would rather+主语+动词一般过去时（表示与现在事实相反，其中be动词用were）/动词过去完成时（表示与过去事实相反）/would+动词原型（表示与将来事实相反）。例如： ‎ Look at the trouble I’m in，if only I ______ your advice！ ‎ A.followed B.would follow ‎ C.had followed D.should follow ‎ 解析 句意为：看我目前的困境，要是我听你的建议就好了。其描述的是与过去事实相反的事情。正确答案为C。 ‎ 典题链接 ‎1. She might have been in time for the train, but she ______ late. A. started　　　　　　　　　 B. has started C. was to start D. had started 答案：A 解析：本题考查动词语气。might have done表示与过去事实相反，因此but后用一般过去时态表示实际发生的事。‎ ‎2. I lost your cell phone number, otherwise, I _______ you long before. A. had called B. have called C. would have called D. should call 答案：C 解析：根据时间状语long before，可知这是对过去的假设，要是知道你的手机号码，我早就给你打电话了。‎ ‎3.—It’s so near! We should have walked there. ‎—Yes, a taxi _______ necessary at all. A. wasn’t　　　 B. isn’t C. hadn’t been　 D. won’t be 答案：A 解析：这是一道根据情态动词+have done判断时态的题目。我们知道这个结构只可能有两种时态：过去时和现在完成时，对话内容是恍然发现目的地离得很近，所以本没必要打车，是对过去的虚拟，表示后悔的心情。真实的过去是坐了出租车的。‎ ‎4. ________ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the sports meeting. A. Would B. Should C. Might D. If 答案：B 解析：if引导的虚拟将来的结构是：if...should/were to do...,...would do...这个句式可以倒装，变成：were...to do/should ...do...,...would do...。‎ ‎5.________ the traffic jam, we would have arrived earlier. A. In spite of B. Because of C. But for D. Due to 答案：C 解析：这是一个含蓄的if虚拟条件句，相当于:If it hadn’t been for the traffic jam, we would have arrived earlier. but for=without,要不是。‎ ‎6. Without your timely help, we _______ in big trouble that day. A. had been B. would be C. would have been D. were 答案：C 解析：本题同第五题。相当于if it hadn’t been for your timely help, we would have been in trouble that day.‎ ‎7. It’s high time you _______ to make the decision yourself. A. shall learn B. learn C. learnt D. have learnt 答案： C 解析：It’s high time+从句表建议时要用were式虚拟语气，从句中用过去式。‎ ‎8. If you ______ me earlier, you ________ sorry now. A. had listened to; wouldn’t have been B. were to listen to; shouldn’t have been C. had listened to; wouldn’t be D. listened to; wouldn’t be 答案：C 解析：此题是一个混合虚拟语气题，从句是对过去的假设，所以根据if虚拟条件句的规则，要用过去完成时，而主句部分讲的是目前的情况所以要用would + do。‎  9.—I’m feeling terribly drunk now. ‎—Well, I’d rather you _______ like a fish in the party. A. didn’t drink B. hadn’t drunk C. weren’t drinking D. not drink ‎10. The man insisted that he______ nothing wrong and _______ free. A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. do; be set D. had done; must be set 答案：B 解析：insist只有表示在建议的时候才用虚拟语气，如果是陈述事实的话就不用虚拟语气。所以他说he had done nothing是事实，不是要求。后面的句子才是要求，所以后面用“should do”式虚拟语气结构。‎ ‎11. If only I ______ an umbrella! I was wet through. A. took B. should take C. had taken D. take 答案：C 解析：if only引导were式主观愿望虚拟语气句，“如果……就好了”根据规则，对过去虚拟用过去完成时。‎ ‎【试题放送】‎ ‎【2012江西卷】22．We have bought so much food now that Suzie won’t be with us for dinner.‎ ‎ A．may not B．needn’t C．can’t D．mustn’t ‎ ‎【答案】B　　‎ ‎【考点】考察情态动词的用法 ‎【解析】may not不可以，needn’t不需要，can't不可能， mustn't绝不可能　‎ 本句句意为：既然Suzie不和我们一起吃晚饭，所以我们就不需要买这么多食物。‎ ‎【[2012湖南]29. Sorry, I am too busy now. If I ____ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. ‎ ‎ A. have had B. had had C. have D. had ‎【答案】D ‎【考点】此题考查条件状语从句中的虚拟语气。‎ ‎【解析】从句中用一般过去时表现在的假设。动词的时态 条件状语从句中的虚拟语气 一般过去式表对现在的假设 ‎ ‎【2012重庆卷】25.-____you interrupt now? Can’t you see I’m on the phone?‎ ‎ -Sorry Sir, but it’s urgent.‎ ‎ A. Can B. Should C. Must D. Would ‎【考点】情态动词用法 ‎【答案】 C ‎【解析】句意：“——你现在一定要打断我吗？难道你不能看到我在打电话吗？——对不起，先生，事情很急。”根据语境结合选项的词义，C选项符合题意。因此，正确答案为C选项。‎ ‎【2012辽宁卷】24. One of our rules is that every student wear school uniform while at school. ‎ A. might B. could C. shall D. will ‎【考点】情态动词 ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】Shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。这儿是说根据学校规定学生在校时都必须要穿校服。‎ ‎【2012四川卷】19. I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao ” just as I ____ do in China.‎ A. must B. might C. can D. should ‎ ‎【答案】 B ‎ ‎【考点】本题考查情态动词。‎ ‎【解析】句意为：我靠他们足够的近以听见他们说汉语，而且我会像我在中国可能做的那样说“你好”。might表示“可能”。故选B。‎ ‎【2012陕西卷】17. If may car _________more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.‎ ‎ A. was B. had been C. should be D. would be ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【考点】考查虚拟语气。‎ ‎【解析】根据主语的谓语动词可知题干是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用had done，选B。‎ ‎【2012陕西卷】23.I______ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.‎ ‎ A. won’t B. can’t C. can D. will ‎ ‎【答】B ‎ ‎【考点】考查情态动词。‎ ‎【解析】所填情态动词与too 构成固定句型can’t/couldn’t …too…，意思是：再……都不为过，选B。‎ ‎【2012北京卷】33. We ______ the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me?‎ A. should face B. might face ‎ C. could have faced D. must have faced ‎【答案】 C。‎ ‎【考点】虚拟语气考点，对过去的虚拟，本能……。‎ ‎【解析】虚拟语气考点，对过去的虚拟，本能……。‎ ‎【2012北京卷】35. Don’t handle the vase as if it ____ made of steel.‎ A. is B. were C. has been D. had been ‎【答案】B。‎ ‎【考点】虚拟语气考点，‎ ‎【解析】对现在的虚拟用were。‎ ‎【2012全国II】17. I’m going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _______ find the money.‎ A. can B. might C. would D. need ‎【答案】A 【解析】此处考查了can的本意“能”，表示“能力”。句意：我要和John一起去欧洲度假，如果我能找到钱。‎ ‎【考点】考查情态动词的用法。‎ ‎15. 【2012天津卷】 We wouldn’t have called a taxi yesterday if Harold __________us a ride home.【D】‎ ‎ A. didn’t offer B. wouldn’t offer C. hasn’t offered D. hadn’t offered ‎8【2012天津卷】 It’s quite warm here; we __________turn the heating on yet.【C】‎ A. couldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. wouldn’t ‎【2012全国新课程】30. I use a clock to wake me up because at six o'clock each morning the train comes by my house.‎ A. couldn't B. mustn't C. shouldn't D. needn't ‎【答案】D 【解析】此处考查情态动词，needn’t+动词原形表示：没有必要做某事。句意：我没有必要用闹钟唤醒我，因为每天早上6点火车都经过我的房子。‎ ‎【考点】考查情态动词的用法。‎ ‎【2012山东卷】30. If we _______ adequate preparations, the conference wouldn’t have been so successful. ‎ A. haven’t made B. wouldn’t make ‎ C. didn’t make D. hadn’t made ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】在虚拟条件句中，表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句用过去完成时，主句用would have done的形式。句意：如果我们没有做好充分的准备，会议就不会这样成功。‎ ‎【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。‎ ‎【2011全国卷II,8】If you smoke, please go outside.‎ ‎ A. can B. should C. must D. may ‎【答案】C ‎【考点】考查情态动词的用法。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“如果你非得要抽烟，请到外面去抽。”must (表示主张)一定要，坚持要。根据后一句please go outside的要求，选C。‎ ‎【2011北京卷,24】——I don’t really like James. Why did you invite him?‎ ‎——Don’t worry. He come. He said he wasn’t certain what his plans were.‎ A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not ‎【答案】D ‎【考点】考查情态动词的用法。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“——我真不喜欢James。你为何请了他？——别担心。他可能来不了。他说他的计划还没安排好。”题干中的he wasn’t certain说明他可能不来，可能来，因此使用不完全否定might not。选D。‎ ‎【2011北京卷,28】——Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined.‎ ‎——I wish they always late.‎ A. weren’t B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t be D. wouldn’t have been ‎【答案】A ‎【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“——孩子们哪儿去了？这顿饭快要吃不起来了。——我但愿他们不要老是迟到。”wish引出虚拟语气，题干中出现always，从句虚拟使用一般过去时。选A。‎ ‎【2011北京卷,30】Maybe if I science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.‎ A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying ‎【答案】C ‎【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“或许当初我要是学了理科而不是文科，现在就能给你更多的帮助。”then表示过去的时间，if引导的从句是对过去的虚拟，因此使用过去完成时。选C。‎ ‎【2011天津卷,15】I ______ sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me.‎ A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come ‎【答案】D ‎【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“我本来可以早点来，但我真不知道他们在等我。”but I didn’t know表示了过去时间，因此前句是对过去的虚拟，用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选D。‎ ‎【2011上海春招,27】Some young people these days just ______ go out of their homes to contact the real world. ‎ ‎ A. mustn’t B. won’t C. mightn’t D. shouldn’t ‎【答案】B ‎【考点】考查情态动词的用法。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“现在一些年轻人就是不愿意走出家门接触真正的世界。”mustn’t禁止，不允许；won’t不愿意，就是不，偏不，具有主观性；mightn’t可能不；shouldn’t不应该。根据句意选B。‎ ‎【2011江苏卷,34】——I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.‎ ‎——How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone ______ it.‎ A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen ‎【答案】B ‎【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“——我把我的手提包落在火车上了。但幸运的是，有人拾到交给了铁路部门。——失而复得，简直难以置信！我是说，本来可能有人会偷了去。”will have done将来可以完成，must have done一定做过某事，表示对过去事情的肯定推测，都与题意不符。should have ‎ done本来应该做某事，而实际没做，这就意味着希望有人偷包。might have stolen 过去可能做过，语气比较婉转或不肯定，根据句意选B。‎ ‎【2011福建卷,25】——Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?‎ ‎——I am afraid you , in case he comes late for the meeting .‎ A.will B.must C.may D.can ‎【答案】B ‎【考点】考查情态动词的用法。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“——需要我现在就通知他计划有变吗？——恐怕你得这样做，以防他开会迟到。”must (表示必要、命令或强制)必须,得。根据后半句，选B。‎ ‎【2011福建卷,34】——Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.‎ ‎——I it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.‎ A.attended B.had attended C.would sttend D.would have attended ‎【答案】D ‎【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“——真可惜你错过了那场有关核污染的讲座。——我本可以去听的，但我当时忙于工作面试。”对过去的虚拟，用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选D。‎ ‎【2011安徽卷, 26】——What do you think of store shopping in the ‎ future?‎ ‎——Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but _____.‎ A. will never replace B. would never replace ‎ C. will never be replaced D. would never be replaced ‎【答案】C ‎【考点】考查情态动词的用法。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“——你对将来的商店购物怎么看？——我个人认为会与在家购物并存，但商店购物不会被取代。”根据I think it will exist along with home shopping，排除虚拟的选项D，这是表示将来的时间，考虑到被动语态，选C。‎ ‎【2011浙江卷,11】——How’s your new babysitter?‎ ‎——We ________ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much.‎ A. should B. might C. mustn‘t D. couldn’t ‎【答案】D ‎【考点】考查情态动词的用法。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“——你的新保姆怎么样？——找不到更好的了。我们的孩子们很喜欢她。”should应该；might可能，可以；mustn‘t禁止；couldn’t不可能。根据句意选D。‎ ‎【2011四川卷,20】The police still haven’t found the lost child, but they’re doing all they .‎ A.can B.may C.must D.should ‎【答案】A ‎【考点】考查情态动词的用法。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“警方依然没有找到失踪的孩子，但他们现在正在做他们所能做的一切。”can可以，能够；may可能，许可；must必须；should应该。根据句意，选A。‎ ‎【2011重庆卷,25】——Why didn’t you come to Simon’s party last night?‎ ‎—— I wanted to ,but my mom simply _________ not let me out so late at night.‎ A. could B. might C. would D. should ‎【答案】C ‎【考点】考查情态动词的用法。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“——昨晚你为什么没来参加Simon的聚会？——我想来的，但我妈妈就是不愿我这么晚出来。”could可以，能够，表示可能性或用于婉转语气；might可能，表示不确定；would愿意，偏要，表示意志；should应该，表示建议、命令、决定等。根据题意选C。‎ ‎【2011陕西卷,22】I__________through that bitter period without your generous help. ‎ A. couldn’t have gone B. didn’t go C. wouldn’t go D. hadn’t gone ‎【答案】A ‎【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“没有你的慷慨帮助，我是不可能度过那段痛苦的时期的。”that bitter period表示过去的时间，对过去的虚拟语气用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选A。‎ ‎【2011陕西卷,24】——Will you read me a story ,Mummy? ‎ ‎——OK. You________have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.‎ A. might B. must C. could D. shall ‎【答案】D ‎【考点】考查情态动词的用法。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“——妈妈，可以读一个故事给我听吗？——好的，如果你马上上床睡觉的话。”shall 用于陈述句中的第二、第三人称时,表示说话人的意图、允诺、警告、命令、决心等，题中是母亲对儿子的承诺，故选D。‎ ‎【2011湖南卷,28】No one ________ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.‎ A. can B. need C. must D. might ‎【答案】A ‎【考点】考查情态动词的用法。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“在打篮球方面没人能比得上姚明。”can可以，能够；need需要；must必须；might可能。故根据题意，选A。‎ ‎【2011辽宁卷,21】If you go, at least wait until the storm is over.‎ A. can B. may C. must D. will ‎【答案】C ‎【考点】考查情态动词的用法。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“如果你非得走话，至少也要等到这暴风雨过去后。”‎ can可以，能够；may 可能，许可；must(表示主张)一定要，坚持要；will将要，愿意。根据后句的劝告，选C。‎ ‎【2011江西卷23】It _______ be the postman at the door. It’s only six o’clock.‎ A. mustn’t B.can’t C.won’t D.needn’t ‎【答案】B ‎【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“不可能是邮递员在门口，才六点钟呢。”mustn’t 禁止，不允许；can’t 不可能；won’t 不愿意，就是不，偏不；needn’t 不需要。根据后一句中“现在仅仅是六点”，only一词肯定语气强烈，前一句为门外的绝不可能是邮递员。故选B。‎ ‎【2011江西卷28】We _____John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.‎ A.will put B. will have put C. would put D. would have put ‎【答案】B ‎【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“要不是因为他最近受伤，我们本应该把John的名字加进昨天的比赛名单中。”but for 是虚拟语气的提示，yesterday表示过去的时间。对过去的虚拟，用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选B。‎