上海高考英语崇明区二模卷 10页

崇明区2017届第二次高考模拟考试试卷 英 语 ‎ ‎（考试时间120分钟，满分140分。请将答案填写在答题纸上）‎ II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.‎ Delivering Food by Drone ‎ A Singapore restaurant plans to use drones (遥控飞机) to transport food and drinks from the kitchen to a wait station near customers’ tables.‎ Infinium Robotics, the Singapore company that’s developing the drones for restaurant chain Timbre, has spent the past two weeks testing the technology at the restaurant before it opens each night ‎ 21 business and hopes to have it in place by the end of the year.‎ But how does the drone know where to hover (盘旋)? What if someone bumps into the drone or is standing in its way? “There’s no chance at all 22 it will hit anything,” says Infinium Robotics chief executive Junyang Woon.‎ The drones automatically charge while 23 (wait) in the kitchen. 24 the chef puts an order on the drone, he hits a button on a keypad and the drone automatically flies to one of two wait stations. Sense-and-avoid technology 25 (build) into the drone won’t allow it to land at the wait station if anything is in its way. The drones are equipped with sonar (声纳系统) and an infrared sensor (红外线传感器), too.‎ A waiter then removes the food or drink from the drone and hits a button 26 sends it back to the kitchen. The drones, weighing a little over five pounds, 27 carry just over four pounds of food. Infinium Robotics is working on a model that will carry twice as 28 (much) food.‎ ‎“Its job is to help the waiters to reduce some of their boring tasks, ” Woon said. “If they let the robots 29 (do) the job, they can concentrate on interacting with customers to bring about higher customer satisfaction and dining experience.”‎ Since it drew recent media attention, Woon 30 (hear) from resorts and restaurants in 10 countries, including the United States.‎ Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.‎ A. keep B. market C. issue ‎ D. perspective ‎ E. relevant F. avoid G. develop H. switch I. natural J. responsible K. code FDA OKs Genetically Modified Salmon for Human Consumption The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on Thursday approved genetically modified salmon (转基因的三文鱼), the first such altered animal allowed for human consumption in the United States.‎ The government had tried to 31 approving the fast-growing salmon for more than five years ‎ due to consumer concerns about eating genetically modified foods. But the agency said Thursday the fish is safe to eat.‎ In announcing the approval, the FDA said that there are “no biologically 32 differences in the nutrition of AquAdvantage Salmon compared to that of other farm-raised Atlantic salmon.”‎ AquAdvantage Salmon was created by the Massachusetts-based company AquaBounty. Ron Stotish, the company’s CEO, said in a statement that the fish is a “game changer that brings healthy and nutritious food to consumers in an environmentally 33 manner without damaging the ocean and other marine habitats.”‎ The fish grows twice as fast as normal salmon, so it reaches 34 size more quickly. It has an added growth hormone (激素) from the Pacific Chinook salmon that allows the fish to produce growth hormone all year long. The engineers were able to 35 the hormone active by using another gene from an ocean pout (a kind of fish) that acts like an “on” 36 for the hormone. Typical Atlantic salmon produce the growth hormone for only part of the year.‎ There is no evidence that the foods would be unsafe, but for some people, it’s an ethical (伦理的)‎ ‎ 37 . Some people have promised not to sell the salmon, and it’s still unclear whether the public will ‎ 38 an appetite for the fish if it is approved. Genetic engineering is already widely used for crops, but the government until now has not considered allowing the consumption of modified animals. Although the potential benefits and profits are huge, many people have doubts about controlling the genetic 39 of other living creatures.‎ Critics worry that it could cause human allergies (过敏) and the eventual extinction of the 40 ‎ salmon population if it escapes and breeds in the wild.‎ III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.‎ More Parents Shifting Careers to Achieve Work-life Balance As a television news host, Cynthia Demos’ schedule made her home life a challenge. Working nights and weekends meant she rarely put her 3-year-old son and 5-year-old daughter to bed, or spent Saturdays at the park. So, three years ago, Demos began testing the waters to see if operating her own business making marketing videos would create an option for more 41 time.‎ Last month, Demos took a leap. Instead of renegotiating her 42 , she left her job to take her venture to the next level — building her own video production/media training company. It’s a career shift on a path to work-life balance that more 43 are making. ‎ New research shows the top reason why people leave their jobs is to 44 opportunities with a better work-life balance. Those who make the 45 say there almost always is a main cause, either work- or home-related. It could be a life-changing event like the birth of a child, or it could be a new demanding boss, change in job responsibilities, or too many missed milestone events. It might even be a more 46 job offer.‎ For Denie Harris, the main cause was the attraction of a better 47 situation for a mom with young daughters. Harris had been marketing director for two companies in South Florida when an opportunity came her way to hold a similar position at her daughters’ school. It was a decision that required 48 all factors. The upside included seeing her children during the workday and sharing the same 49 with them. The downside was leaving the corporate world and earning less.‎ ‎ “Everything in life is a give-and-take,” Harris says. “For a mom, working at your children’s school is the best possible place to be.”‎ In the 50 to achieve work-life balance, working mothers having been “quitting” jobs for more than a decade, choosing to stay at home with their children when 51 possible. But today, both men and women are making job changes, choosing work options that better fit their 52 lifestyle. The shift often means serious consideration of 53 , including salary, advancement and fulfillment.‎ Doug Bartel, who left his job as a TV news producer more than a decade ago, says that what working fathers often look for is predictability and control over their schedules. They are starting their own law firms or becoming self-employed consultants to gain that 54 .‎ Big salaries aren’t necessarily the golden handcuffs (手铐) they used to be. With the traditional 40-hour workweek becoming out of date, a survey of nearly 9,700 full-time workers by the global firm of Ernst & Young found that most parents are willing to make 55 and financial concessions (让步) for work-life balance. ‎ ‎41. A. balance B. business C. family D. entertainment ‎42. A. issue B. contract C. future D. contribution ‎43. A. employers B. employees C. children D. parents ‎44. A. give up B. seek out C. act on D. substitute for ‎45. A. change B. mistake C. difference D. effort ‎46. A. budget-friendly B. female-friendly C. family-friendly D. business-friendly ‎47. A. work B. living C. security D. education ‎48. A. identifying B. understanding C. describing D. weighing ‎49. A. idea B. feeling C. value D. schedule ‎50. A. struggle B. permission C. decision D. ability ‎51. A. physically B. medically C. financially D. logically ‎52. A. past B. desired C. interesting D. modern ‎53. A. jobs B. hobbies C. sacrifices D. partners ‎54. A. power B. support C. skill D. control ‎55. A. identity B. career C. mental D. considerate Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.‎ ‎（A）‎ At first glance Esther Okade seems like a normal 10-year-old. She loves dressing up as Elsa from “Frozen”, playing with Barbie dolls and going to the park or shopping. But what makes the British-Nigerian youngster stand out is the fact that she’s also a university student.‎ Esther, from Walsall, an industrial town in the UK’s West Midlands region, is one of the country’s youngest college freshmen. The talented 10-year-old enrolled at the Open University in January and is already top of the class, having recently scored 100% in an exam.‎ ‎“It’s so interesting and super easy,” she laughs. “My mum taught me in a nice way.” She adds: “I want to finish the course in two years. Then I’m going to do my PhD in financial maths when I’m 13. I want to have my own bank by the time I’m 15 because I like numbers and I like people and banking is a great way to help people.”‎ And in case people think her parents have pushed her into starting university early, Esther disagrees. “I actually wanted to start when I was seven. But my mum didn’t agree.” After three years of begging, Mother Efe finally agreed to explore the idea.‎ Esther has always jumped ahead of her peers. Her mother noticed her daughter’s gift for figures shortly after she began homeschooling her at the age of three. Initially, Esther’s parents had enrolled her in a private school but after a few short weeks, the usually-energetic youngster refused to go back to that school because the teachers didn’t let her talk in class. In the UK, education is not compulsory until five, so Efe started to do little things at home by teaching basic number skills but Esther was miles ahead. By four, her natural talent for maths had seen the eager student move on to algebra (代数学) and quadratic equations (二次方程式).‎ And Esther isn’t the only maths miracle in the family. Her younger brother Isaiah, 6, will soon be sitting his first A-level exam in June.‎ ‎56. Which of the following makes Esther Okade different from her normal peers?‎ ‎ A. She is the youngest college student in the UK.‎ B. She goes to university at a much earlier age.‎ ‎ C. She often gets full marks in maths exams.‎ ‎ D. She loves acting as a university student.‎ ‎57. From the passage we can learn that _____.‎ ‎ A. Esther thinks her parents expect too much of her ‎ ‎ B. Esther cannot adapt herself well to college life ‎ C. Esther asked to go to university even earlier ‎ D. Esther dislikes being taught at home ‎58. What might be a main factor that has led to Esther’s being a maths genius?‎ ‎ A. The gene from her family. B. Her course in the university.‎ ‎ C. The criticism from her teachers. D. Her mother’s homeschooling.‎ ‎59. Esther can be described as a girl who _____.‎ ‎ A. is ambitious and has a clear goal B. is creative and loves exploring the unknown ‎ C. is rebellious but ready to help others D. is energetic but reluctant to challenge herself ‎（B）‎ ‎5 reasons to subscribe § Access our entire database of over 9,000 high-quality resources.‎ § Find new materials added every week.‎ § Benefit from a wide range of resources, whether you teach Business English, Young Learners, Exams or CLIL.‎ § Save time: organize resources and plan your lessons with our exclusive Learning Calendar.‎ § Don’t stress: let our articles and tips solve all your teaching problems.‎ NEW USERS Register with onestopenglish today for a free 30-day subscription giving you full access to all teaching resources on the site.‎ Subscribing to onestopenglish only takes a few moments and is great value at £42 for a year’s individual membership. Individual subscriptions can also be bought in Euros (€53) and US Dollars ($68).‎ Want to know more?‎ u Subscribe now You can order an institutional subscription in a few easy steps: start by using our calculator to see how much you could save. When you’ve found the perfect package, just click on ‘Complete your order’ and enter your details to order the subscription. If you'd like to know more, you can find out all about our content here.‎ u Subscribe now u Choose your package ‎60. The above website is mainly designed for _____.‎ ‎ A. children B. teenagers C. teachers D. businessmen ‎61. It can be inferred that the website is most probably initiated in _____.‎ ‎ A. America B. Britain C. Australia D. Canada ‎62. Which of the following is true according to the website?‎ ‎ A. The website is composed of twelve main sections.‎ ‎ B. Individuals and institutions pay the same price for a subscription.‎ ‎ C. We can access the website by various means except on Facebook.‎ ‎ D. Resources can be gained free for about one month after registration.‎ ‎（C）‎ Unless you are like Nasty Gal’s founder Sophia Amoruso, the passwords you use to access your email and the endless other accounts you need for work aren’t filled with intention. With increasing ‎ security requirements, it’s likely your word/number combinations are becoming even less memorable. But new research suggests it may not be long before you won’t need to memorize passwords.‎ ‎“Brainprint”, published in Neurocomputing, reveals that the brain’s reaction to certain words could be a unique identifying code — like a fingerprint — that could eventually replace passwords.‎ In a small experiment, the researchers measured the brains’ signals of 45 volunteers as they read through a list of 75 acronyms such as FBI and DVD. The word-recognition response differed so much between each participant that a second experiment using a computer program could identify each one with 94% accuracy.‎ It’s not enough to feel totally secure, but promising enough to hint at the future of securing sensitive information. ‎ The advantage of using such a biometric system (生物识别系统) is that it can be used for continuous verification (验证), New Scientist points out. Passwords or fingerprints only provide a tool for one-off identification. Continuous verification could in theory allow someone to interact with many computer systems at the same time or even with a variety of intelligent objects, without having to repeatedly enter passwords for each device.‎ As Hollywood has illustrated, it’s simply a matter of cutting off a finger to steal that person’s identity. “Brainprints, on the other hand, are potentially cancellable,” said Sarah Laszlo, assistant professor of psychology and linguistics at Binghamton University and co-author of the study, “So, in the unlikely event that attackers were actually able to steal a brainprint from an authorized user, the authorized user could then ‘reset’ their brainprint.”‎ Until now, brain signals have been a challenge to understand. This experiment leaped over the obstacle by focusing on the brainwaves from the specific area that reads and recognizes words. The signal is therefore clearer and easier to measure.‎ The problem, so far, is that the brain signal is still not as accurate as scanning someone’s fingerprint, and initially requires sticking diodes (二极管) on your head in order to get a read. That’s ok, according to Zhanpeng Jin, assistant professor at Binghamton University and coauthor of the study, because brainprint isn’t going to be mass-produced any time soon. He says the researchers foresee its use at places such as the Pentagon, where the number of authorized users is small, and they don’t need to be continuously verified the way you do to access your mobile device or email.‎ Better keep your memory sharp, at least a little while longer.‎ ‎63. In paragraph 5, “one-off identification” refers to the identification that _____.‎ ‎ A. happens as part of a regular series B. interacts with intelligent objects ‎ C. can be verified continuously D. needs repeated verification ‎64. According to Sarah Laszlo, _____.‎ ‎ A. fingerprints can be canceled once stolen B. brainprints are theft-proof and resettable ‎ C. attackers can steal and replace brainprints D. users have the authority to cancel brainprints ‎65. It can be inferred from the passage that _____.‎ ‎ A. brainprints will sharpen users’ memory B. brainprints will become easier to be measured ‎ ‎ C. brainprints will receive narrow application D. brainprints will eventually replace fingerprints ‎66. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?‎ ‎ A. Brainprints: A New Way to Replace Passwords ‎ ‎ B. Brainprints: A Unique Device to Identify Codes ‎ C. Brainprints: A Quicker Way to Access Your Email ‎ ‎ D. Brainprints: A Securer Device to Identify Brain Signals Section C ‎ Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.‎ A. Finally, it has taken a giant leap forward.‎ B. All of the factors pushing online education toward the mainstream of higher education are now crashing together.‎ C. Over the past few years, he has been teaching himself programming.‎ D. In other words, Coursera’s approach is a long way from a simple online video lecture.‎ E. Yet the most exciting promise of their company and the like is the role they might play in improving education for the poor around the world.‎ F. Ng’s course in machine learning attracted 104,000 enrollees around the world.‎ A School That Can Educate Us All Christos Porios, 16, lives in a small Greek city. “My mother’s a teacher and my father’s a mechanic,” he explains, adding that neither is knowledgeable about computers — especially compared with him. 67 ‎ Porios was taking a free class in machine learning offered by Andrew Ng, a professor at Stanford University, over an online platform Ng developed with his colleagues. Drawing on what he learned, Porios was able to participate in the International Space Apps Challenge, a virtual hackathon (编程马拉松) using data from NASA and other government agencies.‎ If one teenager in one small city can become a genius hacker through an online course, does it mean the world has changed? We have been hearing about the potential of online education for decades.‎ ‎ 68 A number of online education platforms have appeared, featuring professors from top universities offering free courses.‎ ‎ 69 Ng was amazed. “It would take me 250 years to teach this many people at Stanford,” he says. And so, just one month into the course, Ng and his Stanford colleague, Daphne Koller, decided to leave their faculty posts (教职) and dive into online teaching full-time. In April, they launched their company, Coursera, with a $16 million round of venture funding. So far, it has managed to team up with 35 colleges in nine countries.‎ To Ng and Koller, Coursera’s mission is simple and yet grand. That is to teach millions of people around the world for free, while also transforming higher education.‎ According to Ng, the world’s top 20 universities enroll only about 200,000 students. There are million more who could participate in classwork at the higher level, but most of them are far from any ‎ of the leading universities. 70 ‎ Koller says Coursera’s total registration has hit 15 million. Porios, the young Greek, is only one of those registrants. His hope is to study in Germany or England someday. He is even toying with the idea of taking classes at MIT or Stanford — but this time in person.‎ IV. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. ‎ Fun Offices Make Workers Happier?‎ In order to make their employees happier, companies around the world have been busy installing play equipment in the workplace. Table football, computer games and action figures have become common in some workplaces. ‎ Despite all this effort, unfortunately, work still makes people unhappy. According to a study by the London School of Economics, the place where people feel most miserable is work. ‎ To proceed with an emphasis on being happy, however, other emotions are crowded out. Anger, sadness, anxiety and uncertainty all become a no-no. Such a ban on negative emotions can be emotionally bad for employees. A number of studies have shown that being able to express a range of positive and negative emotions is important, particularly when people are dealing with difficult experiences.‎ Besides, being constantly on the lookout for happiness may actually drive happiness away from us. Scientists have found that when we talk about how important happiness is, we become less likely to find it, even when we have experiences that usually make us happy. ‎ Wanting to be happy at work is fair enough, but being forced to be happy at work can be troubling. If companies were genuinely interested in making their employees happy, they would perhaps look at some more “down-to-earth” interventions (务实的干预). A simple step would be to stop interrupting workers with all sorts of pointless demands such as long emails and unnecessary forms. A study by Harvard Business School found workers felt most satisfied on days when they were able to focus on a piece of work and make meaningful progress on it.‎ In short, if companies really want to make their employees happier, they should think long and hard before pointless restructuring.‎ V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.‎ ‎72. 这只训练有素的警犬对任何声响都很警觉。(alert)‎ ‎73. 利用好图书馆无疑会对你的学习有益。(doubt)‎ ‎74. 新的交通法规规定，机动车在任何情况下都得避让行人。(way)‎ ‎75. 共享单车不仅使用方便，而且价格合理，为短途出行提供了一种额外选择。(Not only)‎ VI. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.‎ 某电视台计划推出一个新的电视综艺节目（variety programme），但为了更好地迎合观众的需求，该电视台向观众广泛征求意见。假设你是观众陈方，写一封电子邮件给该电视台的负责人王先生，表达你对新的电视综艺节目的建议，并陈述你的理由。邮件内容应包括：‎ Ø 综艺节目的名字、针对的观众群体、主要内容及形式等；‎ Ø 提出这些建议的理由。‎ 注：邮件中不得提及你的真实姓名或学校。‎