高考英语作文类型及范文 13页

‎ 作文类型及范文 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 提纲作文 ‎ ‎ 实用文 图表作文 ‎ 图画作文 ‎ 开放作文 ‎ 作文 书信 ‎ 通知 ‎ 应用文 简历 ‎ 日记 ‎ ‎ 便条 ‎ 电子邮件 ‎ ‎ 一、提纲作文 在英语课堂上，你喜欢你的老师授课时只用英语，还是英语、汉语兼用？某英语杂志社就此话题邀请中学生发表看法。请围绕“How do you prefer your English classes to be taught? In English only,or in both English and Chinese?”这个问题，参考所给要点，选择一种授课形式，写一篇英语短文。‎ 英语授课形式一：只用英语 ‎　　 1、优点：有助于提高听说能力等　2、缺憾：不易听懂等 3结论：……‎ 授课形式二：英语、汉语兼用 ‎ ‎ 1、优点：易懂 2、缺憾：氛围不浓　3、结论：……‎ 注意：1.词数 100~120，短文开头已给出(不计词数)。‎ ‎ 2.参考词汇：atmosphere氛围 ‎ ‎ 满分文(一)‎ ‎　　I prefer my English classes to be taught in both English and Chinese, whose advantage is that it is easy for us to understand what the teacher talks about. The teacher first teaches the class in English, and then she explains those that are hard to understand to us so that we get a better knowing of the passage. That will be good for us. ‎ ‎ However, teaching the class in two languages will make the English atmosphere not so strong. Some students who wish to be taught in English will be disappointed. ‎ ‎ Except for the disadvantage, I think it is really good to hear two languages in classes. It can make us be more familiar with the foreign culture.‎ 名师指导：‎ ‎ 　审题是作文的第一要素，本文的审题准确无误。无论是要点的把握还是结构的组织都证明了这一点。本文运用多种复杂句式，整体看来是不错的。文中的一个复合句式显示了作者的英语功底。其他出彩短语的使用也很地道，可以参看好句中的分析。‎ 背诵内容：‎ ‎ 1.advantage n.优点 ‎ 2.be familiar with，对某人熟悉 ‎ 3. atmosphere n.气氛 满分文(二)‎ ‎ 　I prefer my English classes to be taught only in English because it is helpful for us to improve the ability of speaking and listening in a very short time. I have strong interest in English study and foreign culture, so I’d like to be totally immersed in the atmosphere of English so that I can quickly make progress. That’s the reason why I prefer total English. However, since we are all English beginners, it’s really hard to understand all that the teacher says. Sometimes we need Chinese explanation. So my viewpoint is that we are taught not only in English but also using Chinese as a minor way to explain things that are hard to understand.‎ 名师指导：‎ ‎ 本文写作十分成功。语言和句式是本文最大的特点。好词中词汇的使用，将作者的意思表达得完整而准确，从而映衬了词汇的重要性；其次，本文的句式以复杂句为主，表语、定语和状语从句的使用都十分到位。‎ 应背好词：1. immerse v.沉浸 ‎ 2. explanation n.解释 ‎ 3. make progress 取得进步 二、图表作文：‎ 例1‎ Students Use of Computers ‎ 1. 上图所示为某校大学生平均每周使用计算机的时间： 1990年（2 hours）, 1995年 (4 hours), 2002年 (14 hours)，请描述其变化；‎ ‎ 2. 请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明）；‎ ‎ 3. 你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。 ‎ 参考范文(1)‎ Student Use of Computers As is clearly shown in the chart, the number of hours students spent on computers increased from two to four hours per week from 1990 to 1995. Especially, the number rose to about 14 hour per week in 2002.‎ There are three factors leading to the change. To begin with, the price of computers is getting much lower than before so that many students can afford it. In addition, it is very convenient for us to study with the help of computers. For example, e-mails enable us to keep in touch with our teachers and friends. Last but not least, with fast development of the modern society, a computer has become a must for many people. To sum up, low price, convenience and wide use contribute to the increase in the use of computers.‎ As for me, student use of computers is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, it is a good helper in searching for information, drawing pictures, etc. One the other hand, various computer games might distract students from their studies. In brief, computers can serve us well if they are used in the right way. ‎ 参考范文（2）‎ Student Use of Computers As is clearly shown in the chart, the average number of hours a student spent on computers increased from two to four hours per week from 1990 to 1995. Especially, the number reached approximately 14 hour per week in 2002. Why are there such great changes during these days?‎ There are three factors leading to this phenomenon. Firstly, because of the sharp decline in the price of computers, most college students can afford one. Secondly, the Internet provides access to various kinds of information students are interested in. Finally, playing computer games or surfing online is relaxing. To sum up, low price, easy access to information and wide use make students use computers a lot.‎ As for me, computers do bring convenience to students; however, it is no good for students to spend too much time chatting online or playing computer games. In brief, in spite of the problems concerning the use of computers, we can’t deny that computers are of more merits than defects.‎ 例2‎ ‎ Financial Sources of College Students 要求：1、描述中美大学经济资助状况 ‎ 2、分析这种状况的成因 ‎ 3、预测中国大学生经济资助状况的可能变化 Sample 1‎ ‎ Financial Sources of College Students From the table, we can see clearly that Chinese college students and their American peers rely on different financial sources for their life and study. About 90% of Chinese students get money from their parents. In contrast, only 45% of American students resort to this way. About 40% of American students depend on part-time jobs for income, but only 5% of Chinese students do so. Scholarship is the financial source for 15% of American students, whereas only for 5% of Chinese students.‎ There are several reasons leading to this difference. On the one hand, independence is greatly honored in American society, and students would be proud to depend on themselves. Besides, they have a more flexible schedule so they can have more time to do part-time jobs. On the other hand, some Chinese students take their parents’ financial support for granted. Similarly, parents believe it’s their duty to finance their children’s education I think with the reform in college education, this tendency in China may be changed. The widespread adoption of credit-system will give Chinese students more time and flexibility to pursue part-time jobs and get more independence from their parents. Also, with the passage of time, both the students’ and the parents’ ideas will change greatly. Thus, more and more Chinese college students are sure to rely on themselves rather than on their parents for finance.‎ Sample 2‎ ‎ Financial Sources of College Students According to the table, the number of Chinese students who get money from their parents doubles that of American ones, 45% and 90% respectively. But the percentage of American students who depend on part-time jobs is much larger than that of Chinese ones. It can also be seen clearly that scholarship is the financial source for 15% of American students, while only for 5% of Chinese students.‎ Several factors can account for the above difference. For one thing, independence is highly honored in American society and students take great pride in self-reliance. For another, American students have a more flexible schedule so they can have more time to do part-time jobs. Another contributing factor is that both Chinese students and their parents take parents’ financial support for granted.‎ The tendency for Chinese college students to rely on their parents for finance may be changed. The widespread adoption of credit-system will give Chinese students more time and flexibility to pursue part-time jobs and get more independence from their parents. What’s more, great changes may take place not only in the students’ ideas but also in their parents’, which, in turn, will lead Chinese students to regard it as a pride to be self-reliant.‎ 如何用英语描述图表 一、图表类型基本单词 图表类型：table(表格)、chart(图表)、diagram(图标)、graph(多指曲线图)、column chart(柱状图)、pie graph(饼图)、tree diagram(树形图)、‎ 饼图：pie chart、直方图或柱形图：bar chart/histogram、趋势曲线图：line chart/curve diagram、表格图：table、流程图或过程图：flow chart/sequence diagram、程序图：processing/procedures diagram ‎ 二、图表描述基本词语 ‎ 1、 描述：show、describe、illustrate(说明，表明)、can be seen from、clear apparent（显而易见的，显然的）、reveal（揭露，揭示）、represent（表现，象征，代表）‎ ‎2、内容：figure(n.数据)、statistic(统计数据 n.)、number(数量n.)‎ Percentage(n.百分比，比例)、proportion（n.比，比例）‎ 三、常用的描述句型 The table/chart/ diagram/graph shows (that).......‎ According to the table/chart /diagram/graph,......‎ As (is) shown in the table/chart/ diagram/graph, ......‎ As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures，.......‎ ‎　　figures/statistics shows (that)……‎ ‎　　It can be seen from the figures/statistics.......‎ We can see from the figures/statistics.......‎ It is clear from the figures/statistics......‎ ‎　　It is apparent from the figures/statistics......‎ ‎　　table/chart/diagram/graph figures (that) ……‎ table/chart/diagram/graph shows/describes/illustrates（that）......‎ 四、图表中的数据(Data)具体表达法 ‎　　1、表示数据变化的单词或者词组 ‎　　rapid/rapidly 迅速的，飞快的，险峻的 sharp/sharply 锐利的，明显的，急剧的 ‎　　gradual/gradually 渐进的，逐渐的 ‎　　slight/slightly 稍微的、略微地 ‎　　stable/stably 稳定的 ‎　　2、其它在描述中的常用到的词 ‎　　significant changes 图中一些较大变化 ‎　　noticeable trend 明显趋势 ‎　　during the same period 在同一时期 ‎　　in terms of/in respect of/regarding 在……方面 ‎　　in contrast 相反，大不相同 ‎　　government policy 政府政策 ‎　　market forces 市场力量 五、图表描述套句 ‎　　1.the table shows the changes in the number of A over the period from……to……‎ ‎　　该表格描述了在……年之……年间A数量的变化。‎ ‎　　2.the bar chart illustrates that……‎ ‎　　该柱状图展示了……‎ ‎　　3.the data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that……‎ ‎　　这些数据资料令我们得出结论……‎ ‎　　4.as can be seen from the diagram，great changes have taken place in……‎ ‎　　从图中可以看出，……发生了巨大变化。‎ ‎　　5.as can be seen from the graph，the two curves show the fluctuation of……‎ ‎　　如图所示，两条曲线描述了……的波动情况。‎ 三、图画作文 阅读下面图画，按要求用英语写一篇不少于120字的短文。‎ ‎ 凿壁偷光 内容要求：‎ 1、 描述画面；‎ 2、 概述其含义；‎ 3、 谈谈个人感想。‎ 注意：1、短文开头已给出，不计入总词数；‎ ‎ 2、可适当发挥，是文章内容充实，行文连贯；‎ ‎ 3、文中不能出现考生的具体信息。‎ ‎ In the picture, we can see a boy in worn clothes, sitting at a shabby wooden table with a pile of ‎ books on it. A weak ray of light came in through a small hole in the wall and he was absorbed in his reading. This is a well-known story from an ancient Chinese idiom. The boy, being poor, couldn't afford even a candle, so he bored a hole in the wall to "steal" light from his neighbor's house to read at night. The moral of the story is: spare no effort to acquire knowledge and never get discouraged easily no matter how difficult the situation may be. Of course, things are totally different today. It is not the story itself but what is reflected in the story that counts. Hard work pays off. We should take pains to improve ourselves through learning and get prepared for the future. ‎ 图画作文常用句型 描述部分 1. As can be seen from the picture, a boy is doing …‎ 2. As we can see in the picture, there are two people staring at a plant growing in a pot.‎ 3. In the picture, we can see a bucket made of wooden board in different length 4. There be … doing ‎ There are four young birds flying high in the sky.‎ ‎ 有四只小鸟翱翔在高高的天空上.‎ ‎5.See … doing ‎ In the picture, we can see a big bird resting in a nest.‎ ‎ 我们能看到一只大鸟在巢中休息 ‎6. … while … (对比)‎ ‎ In the wind, the tall tree breaks into two halves,while the short grass remains standing straight.In the eyes of the man on the left, the plants will grow thick and tall, while in the other’s view, the plants will be dying pretty soon.在风中, 大树折断了，而小草则依然挺立.‎ ‎7. In the middle of the spider web sits a child, who is occupied in chatting with others and playing online games in front of the computer all day long.‎ ‎ 在蜘蛛网的中间, 坐着一个小孩, 他整日坐在电脑前面和别人聊天和打游戏.‎ 地点状语放句首, 主句全部倒装.‎ 地点状语+live / fly / sit/ stand / grow /be +名词+定语从句.‎ ‎ In the wind stands a big tree, which is blown to one side and almost broken into two halves.‎ ‎ On the surface of the big clock are two people, one ofwhom is an old man and the other a young boy.‎ ‎ In the middle of the picture is a man dressed in oldfashioned clothes who is cutting the bushes into the same shape.‎ ‎8. It is obvious that… / obviously (逻辑引领, 承上启下)‎ 显而易见,‎ It’s obvious that the child is so addicted to the Internet that he forgets what he should do.‎ ‎ 这个孩子已经因为迷上网络而忽略学习.‎ 解释部分 ‎1. This picture sets us thinking and we may gain enlightenment from what the picture really ‎ means.‎ ‎2. What the picture conveys goes far beyond only a picture itself. It carries deeper meanings.‎ ‎3. My understanding of the picture is that…‎ ‎4. Seeing the picture, I think that…‎ ‎5. We can often see this similar phenomenon in our daily life.‎ ‎ This reflects a common phenomenon in our society ‎ It is very common in our society……‎ ‎ This phenomenon is not unusual in our society ‎6. The picture reminds me of the fact that…‎ ‎7. The picture sets us thinking a lot.‎ ‎8. It is obvious that the picture has a profound /hidden / irony meaning.‎ ‎9. The picture arouses our interest of guessing what the artist wants to tell us and at the same time we can learn something from it.‎ ‎10. While the picture looks very funny, it really has a profound meaning for us to take into consideration.‎ ‎11. The purpose of the artist who draws the cartoon picture is clear and instructive as well.‎ ‎12. Obviously, we can learn a lot from the cartoon picture. What the picture tries to tell us is that…‎ 结尾部分 ‎1．In my view, no matter where we are working, we ought to cooperate with our colleagues well. And only in this way can we create a harmonious working atmosphere and work more efficiently.‎ ‎2．From my perspective, weak as the grass is, it can stand strongly in the big wind when the big tree breaks in half. In other words, the grass appears weak, but it has a strong mind. The tree looks stronger, but it cannot conquer difficulties and even gives up hope in the end. So we can learn a lesson from the picture a person’s inner strength is much powerful than physical strength.‎ ‎3．We ought to hold a positive attitude towards our life. Only by this means can we live happily and healthily.‎ ‎4．The picture tells us that we ought to help someone in our team to complete himself.Only by this means can our team work better and achieve success in the end.‎ ‎5．Only when we see others’ advantages can we learn from them and make greater progress day by day.‎ ‎6．Only by choosing the most suitable methods for our studies can we gain as much as possible in the end.‎ 四、开放作文：‎ ‎ 开放作文属于命题作文，考生要根据所给命题，独立进行构思，并必须做适当的发挥。它在一定程度上考查了考生的写作能力，即要求考生根据写作动机选择相应的写作策略，并根据自己已经具备的相应知识完成写作。‎ 例：‎ 你班将组队参加学校组织的集体舞比赛(group dancing competition)，班长希望大家积极参与。对此谈谈你的想法。‎ 你的文章必须包括以下内容：‎ ‎ 1）你是否会参加比赛；‎ ‎ 2）你做出该决定的具体理由。‎ ‎ A group dancing competition will be held in our school and the monitor calls on everybody to take an active part in it. While most of my classmates are still hesitating whether to participate, I have said yes to our monitor with great pleasure.‎ ‎ Generally speaking, there are two reasons for my decision. First, it is a good opportunity for me to relax myself, which will enable me to study more efficiently. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy, so goes the saying, which clearly shows us the importance of relaxation. Besides,I think I am a good dancer after learning dance for more than five years.Participating in the contest will be a golden chance for me to show my dancing skills and make some contributions to the class.‎ ‎ For the two reasons mentioned above, it is no surprise that I have such a strong enthusiasm on the group dancing competition.‎ 五、书信：‎ 例1‎ 下面是一个中学生给某报编辑部写的一封信，仔细阅读并就信的内容以编辑的名义给此中学生回一封信。‎ Dear editor.‎ ‎ I am an active girl, and I speak and laugh loudly in the classroom, like a boy. I don’t care about small matters. On the contrary, my neighbor, the girl who sits next to me, speaks quietly and dare not do the things I often do. I can understand this. What I can’t stand is that she often gets angry with me about small things. How can I get along with her?‎ ‎ Yours, ‎ ‎ Tom ‎ ‎ ‎ 注意：1)书信格式要规范；‎ ‎ 2)回信需就原信内容给出至少三条建议（如谈心，相互理解，参加他们的生日等活动，谈论共同话题，分享快乐等等）； ‎ ‎ 3)字数：120左右。‎ Dear Sunny,‎ ‎ It’s very good that you want to be friends with this girl. In my opinion, you’d better first have a heart-to-heart talk with her, because understanding each other is very important for you two. And I also think it’s better for you to ask her to join you and your classmates in all kinds of activities, such as birthday parties, going out for a walk, discussing some fashionable topics, and so on. Besides, helping each other is also very important for both of you. Just share happiness and ‎ sadness with her. And I believe she will understand you in time and it is certain you two will be good friends in the future. Good luck to you.‎ ‎ Yours,‎ ‎ Editor 信头、称呼、正文、结束语、签名 ‎ 1． 信头：寄信人的地址和写信日期，写在信的右上角。‎ 注意：地名的写法与中文不同，要从小到大；‎ ‎ 日期的写法也与中文不同，不是写在签名之下，而是写在寄信人的地址之下。‎ ‎ （习惯上人们采用美式英语表达，即月、日、年，月，日与年之间用逗号隔开，月份尽量不要缩写，如June 8,2009；而英式英语表达则为日、月、年，中间不用逗号隔开，如8 June2009。）‎ ‎2．称呼：自成一行，顶格写。称呼语常用：dear sir/madam/manager/editor/friends/bob，称呼之后一般用逗号。‎ ‎3．正文：信件的主体部分即为信的正文。正文写在称呼的下一行，与dear后第一个单词对齐。‎ ‎ 正文通常包括三部分，即开头、目的和结尾。‎ ‎ 正文的开头语常用：‎ ‎ thank you for your last letter asking about...；‎ ‎ I’m glad to...‎ ‎ 正文的结尾语是正文的一部分，常常另起一行，常用的结尾语有：‎ I’m looking forward to your reply；‎ thanks and all the best；‎ best wishes；‎ wishing you a pleasant journey。‎ 4． 结束语：结束语与正文的结尾语不一样，它要写在结尾语的下一行，位于书信的右下角，后面用逗号。‎ 常用的结束语有：‎ Yours sincerely/faithfully/truly；sincerely/truly yours；yours等。‎ 例2 ‎ ‎ A Letter to the Headmaster(给校长的一封信)‎ Dear Headmaster, ‎ ‎ As the minister of students' life in the Student Union, I am writing to you to reflect something about our canteen. ‎ ‎ To our satisfaction, the canteen supplies us with various kinds of food.This gives us many choices. At the same time the price for the food is low and the food is tasty. And the surroundings for having a meal have been improved. The canteen has become clean. And when we are eating, we can watch TV. But something unsatisfactory exists, too. For example, the quantity of a helping is less than it should be. This is unfair. And in the canteen, the seats are not enough. Some students have to stand while eating. ‎ We hope that the school will consider adding more seats for us.Finally we hope that they can improve the quality of the food and their service. ‎ We will be very happy if our advice is taken. ‎ ‎ Yours,‎ ‎ Li hua ‎ 六、通知: ‎ 假设你们将于5月10日去体检。请根据下列内容和提示，写一篇口头通知，词数80左右。‎ ‎ 1．体检地点：人民医院，离我们学校不远，步行大约15分钟的路程。‎ ‎ 2．体检日期：5月10日上午8点，星期六。 ‎ ‎ 注意：‎ ‎ 1．7：45在医院门口集合，可以骑车或步行前往。‎ ‎ 2．体检前空腹。‎ ‎ 3．在医院保持安静，听从医生和护士的安排。‎ Notice Attention please, everyone,‎ Our class will go to have a physical examination in People's Hospital on Saturday, 10th May.It is not far from our school. It's about fifteen minutes' walk. You may either walk there or go there by bicycle.‎ The examination will begin at 8:00. We are not allowed to eat or drink anything before the examination. Keep quiet there and listen to the doctors and nurses.After the examination you may go home.‎ 特点：措辞较严谨，句子结构相对口头通知会更复杂，尤其会使用一些非谓语动词短语(如用不定式表目的等)和从句(如if 从句、when从句、so that从句等)。‎ 书面通知格式 ‎ 与口头通知不同，书面通知在用书面形式表达出来时，它有自己比较固定的格式：‎ 1、 通知开头要有标题(通常为Notice或Announcement)，‎ 2、 标题下面是正文，正文后通常还应有发通知的单位(通常写在右下角)和写发通知的日期(通常写在左下角)等。‎ 注意与口头通的区别 ‎ 口头通知一般有开头称呼语(Ladies and gentlemen, Boys and girls等)，而书面通知通常不用这些开头称呼语；口头通知用来吸引听众注意力的句子(如May I have your attention, please? / Attention please, everyone. I have an announcement to make. / Be quite. There is something important I have to tell you.等)在书面通知中通常不可以用；口头通知的结束套语(That’s all. Thank you very much.)在书面通知中也不会使用。 ‎ ‎ 口头、书面通知套语对比 ‎ 口头通知：Everyone should be there on time.‎ ‎ Be sure not to be late.‎ ‎ Please be present on time.‎ ‎ Be sure to attend it on time.‎ 书面通知：Everybody is expected to attend it on time.‎ ‎ Everyone is required to be present on time.‎ ‎ All teachers and students are required to…(全体师生务必要……)‎ ‎ Notice is hereby given that…(兹通知……)‎ ‎ Our school / The Student Union will / is going to hold…‎ ‎ A lecture will be given at 7:00 this evening in…‎ 书面语通知时态 ‎ 与口头通知一样，书面通知也以一般将来时为主。如：‎ The students of Senior Grade One will go to Jingshan Park on May 4.‎ ‎ We will climb up the hill and have a picnic on the top of it.‎ ‎ After that we will visit the famous botanical garden nearby.‎ ‎ On July 22, Saturday, we will visit the following places — a school or a hospital. ‎ ‎ We will be divided into four groups and each g roup can visit one of the places.‎