情态动词 高考第一轮复习 12页

‎2008年江苏高考 ‎08高考第一轮复习专题17‎ 模块四 语法专练：情态动词 ‎【考点透视】 ‎ 从近几年的高考试题来看，情态动词是一大热点。每年单项填空题必考一题，通常从三个方面来考查考生对情态动词的运用：一是情态动词本身所表达的意义，如表示禁止、命令、威胁、许诺等意义；can, may, might, need, shall, should等的用法。二是“情态动词+have done”表示推测。三是情态动词后面省略形式的用法区别，如I could (=I could do），I could have (=I could have done)的区别。‎ ‎（一）can和could的用法 ‎1．表示能力或客观可能性，还可以表示请求和允许。例如：‎ ‎ Can you finish this work tonight? ‎ ‎ 一Can I go now? 一Yes，you can.‎ ‎ 2．could也可表示请求，是委婉的语气，主要用于疑问句，不可用于肯定句，答语应用can，即could不能用于现在时态的简略答语中。例如：‎ ‎ 一Could I come to see you tomorrow? ‎ ‎ 一Yes，you can. (否定答语可用No，I’m afraid not)。‎ ‎ 3．表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。(主要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中)‎ ‎ Can this be true? ‎ ‎4．“can (could) + have + 过去分词”的疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定。例如：‎ ‎ He cannot have been to that town.‎ ‎（二）may和might的用法 ‎1．表示请求、可以与允许的情况，might比may的语气更加委婉。may的否定式为may not，但表示“不可以、禁止”答意思时常用mustn’t代替may not。例如：‎ ‎ 一May I take the book out of the reading-room? ‎ ‎ 一Yes, you may. (No, you mustn’t. / No, you may not. / No, you’d better not.) ‎ ‎ 2．“may / might + have + v-ed”结构表示对过去行为的推测，含有“想必、也许会”的意思。‎ ‎ She may／might have missed the train. ‎ ‎（三）must和have to的用法 ‎1．must的否定式有两个：mustn’t表示“禁止”；needn’t/ don’t have to是一般疑问句的否定答复。例如：‎ ‎ 一Must we hand in our exercise books today?‎ ‎ 一No，you needn’t. ‎ ‎2．“must have done”意思是“过去一定做了”；其否定式“can’t/ mustn’t have done”意思是“(过去)不可能做了”；而“needn’t have done”意思是“(过去)没必要做”。 ‎ ‎3．must与have to的区别；二者含义很相似，两者往往可以互换使用，但have to有各种形式，随have的变化而定。must与have to有下列几点不同：‎ ‎（1）must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have to则往往强调客观需要。‎ ‎（2）must一般只表示现在，而have to则有更多的时态形式。‎ ‎（3）询问对方的意愿时应用must。‎ ‎（4）表示理论上的论断和自然法则的必然性时，应用must。例如：‎ ‎ We must believe that only socialism can save China.‎ ‎（四）dare和need的用法 ‎ 1．need表示“需要”或“必须”‎ ‎，作情态动词时，仅用于否定句或疑问句中，在肯定句中一般用must，have to，ought to或should代替。例如：‎ ‎ ―Need I finish the work? ―Yes, you must.‎ ‎ 注意：needn’t have done表示“本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事”。‎ ‎ 2．dare做情态动词时，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，一般不用肯定句中。例如：‎ ‎ How dare you say I’m unfair?‎ ‎ 3．dare和need常用作实义动词，有时态、人称和数的变化。所不同的是，作实义动词时，在肯定句中，后面通常接带to的不定式，在否定和疑问句中，后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。‎ ‎（五）shall和should的用法 ‎ 1．shall常用于第一、第三人称。若用于其他人称时，则表示说话人给对方的“命令、警告、允诺或威胁”。‎ ‎ 2．shall用于条约、规章、法令等文件中，表示义务或规定，一般用第三人称，意为“一定”。‎ ‎ 3．shall用于if/ when引导的从句中，表示将来的可能性，语气较强，意为“将”。例如：‎ ‎ When I shall see him, I will give him your message.‎ ‎ 4．should常表示“惊异、赞叹、不满”等情绪。主语从句中谓语动词要用“should＋动词原形”。‎ ‎ 5．should have done意为“应该做而未做”；shouldn’t have done意为“不应该做而做了”。‎ ‎ 6．should表示劝告、建议、命令。同义词未ought to。‎ ‎（六）will和would的用法 ‎ 1．表示请求、建议等，would比will委婉客气。‎ ‎ 2．表示意志、愿望和决心。‎ ‎ 3．will be和will have done的结构均表示推测，主要用于第二、三人称。前者表示对目前情况的推测，后者表示对已经完成的动作或事态的推测。‎ ‎ This will be the book you want.‎ ‎ The guests would have arrived by that time.‎ ‎ 4．would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表过去习惯时used to正式，并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。‎ ‎（七）ought to的用法 ‎1．ought to表示应该 ‎2．ought to表示推测 ‎3．ought to have done表示过去应做某事而实际未做。（这时ought to和should可以互换）‎ ‎（八）used to，had better，would rather的用法 ‎ 1．used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不存在，在间接引语中，其形式可不变。在疑问句、否定句、否定疑问句或强调句中，可有两种形式。如：‎ Did you use to go to the same school as your brother?‎ Used you to go to the same school as your brother?‎ I usedn’t to go there.‎ I didn’t use to go there.‎ She used to be very fat, didn’t she? / use(d)n’t she?‎ ‎2．had better意为“最好”，后接不带to的不定式。‎ ‎3．would rather意为“宁愿”，后接不带to的不定式。由于would rather表示选择，因而后可接than。如：‎ I would rather work on a farm than in a factory.‎ I would rather watch TV than go to see the film.‎ I would rather lose a dozen cherry trees than you should tell me one lie.‎ ‎【题例精析】‎ ‎【例1】 —Didn’t they come to the party last week?‎ ‎—Yes. They didn’t want to come with us at first, but then we ____ persuade them.‎ A. would B. could C. were able to D. had to ‎【易错点悟】解答该题的关键在于区别can 与be able to 表示“能力”的用法。‎ ‎【要点精析】根据上下文语境及讲话人语气，选项动作表示经过努力才完成的。在这种语气的肯定句和疑问句中，常用be able to，在否定句中可用can。 ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【例2】 You ____ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important. （2007北京四中交流卷）‎ A. can’t B. should ‎ C. must D. needn’t ‎【易错点悟】解答该题的关键是对“can’t...too...”固定短语的理解。‎ ‎【要点精析】根据句子意义：无论怎么注意你的阅读技巧都不过分。同时句中由于有了too...to结构，只有can’t可以与它构成固定短语，有此含义。其它选项无此意。‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【专项检测】‎ ‎1. I promised to get there before 5 o’clock, but now the rain is pouring down. They ______ for me impatiently.‎ ‎ A. may wait B. ought to wait C. could wait D. must be waiting ‎2.She was very brave. Even though she’d hurt her leg, she ________ go back alone.‎ ‎ A. could B. might C. have to D. was able to ‎3. You ________ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.‎ ‎ A. cannot B. should C. must D. needn’t ‎4. I’ve tried several times, but the car just _______.‎ ‎ A. doesn’t start B. wouldn’t start C. won’t start D. didn’t start ‎5. Always the old lady ______ sit for hours doing nothing at all.‎ A. was used to B. would C. used to D. should ‎6. There used to be a small school,___________?‎ ‎ A. was there B. wasn’t it C. usedn’t there D. usedn’t it ‎8. Haven’t I told you that you __________ have the answer tomorrow morning?‎ ‎ A. will B. shall C. should D. would ‎9. I’m surprised that he _______ in the match.‎ ‎ A. should fail B. should have failed C. would have failed D. may have failed ‎10. Better go to see my sick colleague right now, ________I?‎ ‎ A. hadn’t B. didn’t C. don’t D. won’t ‎11. Sir, you ______ be hunting deer here, for they are preserved by the government.‎ ‎ A. oughtn’t to B. can’t C. won’t D. needn’t ‎12. Sorry I’m late. I ______ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.‎ ‎ A. might B. should C. can D. will ‎13. — There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well.‎ ‎ — It __________ a comfortable journey.‎ ‎ A. can’t B. shouldn’t be C. must have been D. couldn’t have been ‎15. ____ three people who travel together, there _____ be at least one who ____ be my teacher.‎ ‎ A. Between; can; will B. In; should; could ‎ ‎ C. Among; will; may D. Of; must; can ‎17. —We need a person badly to think up such an idea.‎ ‎ —_______ the new comer have a try?‎ ‎ A. Shall B. May C. Should D. Need ‎18. We ________ so tired. We’ve only been to a party.‎ ‎ A. mustn’t have felt B. wouldn’t have felt C. shouldn’t have felt D. couldn’t have felt ‎19. Professor Smith, many students want to see you. __________ they wait here or outside?‎ ‎ A. Do B. Shall C. Will D. Would ‎21. —I went to work on foot yesterday, though it _________ cats and dogs.‎ ‎ —You __________ by bus. It was likely to get a cold.‎ ‎ A. is raining; must have gone B. rained; would go ‎ C. was mining; should have gone D. have rained; could have gone ‎23. I told Sally to fix him up with this job, but perhaps I _________ it out for her.‎ ‎ A. had to write B. must have written ‎ C. should have written D. ought to write ‎24. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he ________ your lecture.‎ ‎ A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t have attended ‎ C. mustn’t have attended D. shouldn’t have attended ‎25. Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we ________ during the day.‎ ‎ A. should have done B. would have done ‎ C. may have done D. must have done ‎26. —Is there any flight to Tokyo today?‎ ‎ — I think there _____, for the weather is too bad.‎ ‎ A. mustn’t be B. mightn’t be C. needn’t be D. can’t be ‎27. —I’m told that John had another car accident this morning.‎ ‎ — I believe not. He _____ so careless.‎ ‎ A. shouldn’t have been B. wouldn’t have been C. couldn’t have been D. mustn’t have been ‎28. It was playing computer games that cost the boy a lot of time that he __________ doing his lessons.‎ ‎ A. might have spent B. ought to have spent ‎ C. must have spent D. could have spent ‎29. —I didn’t know you were good friends.‎ ‎ —You _______. I have known her since she moved here. You were studying abroad then.‎ ‎ A. may have B. needn’t have C. couldn’t have D. must have ‎30. They must have finished the work by the end of last month, __________?‎ A. mustn’t they B. haven’t they C. hadn’t they D. didn’t they ‎31. —I didn’t see her yesterday.‎ ‎ — Of course, you _____, because he had gone for a trip.‎ A. can’t B. may not have C. can’t have D. mustn’t have ‎32. You ________ phone him if you want to, but you _________. He is sure to phone you.‎ ‎ A. may; mustn’t B. have to; needn’t C. can; doesn’t need D. can; needn’t ‎33. — She must have gone back to the valley.‎ ‎ — ______, she _____ have. The entrance to it was nowhere to be found.‎ ‎ A. No; mustn’t B. Yes; might C. Yes; could D. No; couldn’t ‎34. He _____ full marks, but he was so careless as to make a spelling mistake.‎ ‎ A. must have gained B. can have gained C. could have gained D. must gain ‎35. From what you said, she _____ you about it.‎ ‎ A. mustn’t have told B. can’t have told C. mustn’t tell D. can’t tell ‎36. — You ought to have made an apology to Tom yesterday evening.‎ ‎ — Yes, I know I _________.‎ ‎ A. ought to B. have to C. should have D. must have ‎37. —Is there a fog in the evening?‎ ‎ —There _______ be. I’ll make a phone call to find it out.‎ ‎ A. must B. would C. will D. might ‎38. — _______ he help you with the problem?‎ ‎ —Well, though it is very hard, __________ I’ll do what I can to work it out.‎ ‎ A. Shall; but B. Can; and C. Must; however D. Will; still ‎39. —How is that, Joan?‎ ‎ —Yeah, it’s from the boss. She _________ first, whether she likes it.‎ ‎ A. shall go B. ought to have gone C. should go D. must have gone ‎40. —Would you like to watch the video, in which you can see foreigners making jiaoji during the Spring Festival?‎ ‎ —Sure, it ______ be very interesting.‎ ‎ A. should B. may C. can D. will ‎41. —The door was open.‎ ‎ —It _________ open. I had locked it myself and the key was in my pocket.‎ ‎ A. can not be B. must not be ‎ C. can not have been D. must not have been ‎42. —Where ________ Margaret have put the empty bottles?‎ ‎ —She ________ them away. They must be somewhere.‎ ‎ A. can; can’t have thrown B. must; needn’t ‎ C. must; must have thrown D. cant; must throw ‎43. —Mum, I climbed to get the Teddy Bear from the top of the shelf.‎ ‎ —My goodness! You _______ yourself. You ______ do that next time.‎ ‎ A. must have hurt; mustn’t B. should have hurt; can’t ‎ C. may have hurt; mustn’t D. might have hurt; won’t be able to ‎44. —Shall I go and buy more food and drinks for the party?‎ ‎ —No, we have prepared a fridge of those. That _______ be quite enough.‎ ‎ A. can B. may C. might D. ought to ‎45. —Hurry up, Michael! It’s ten to three.‎ ‎ —Goodness me! The class_______. I’ll be late again.‎ ‎ A. must begin B. may begin C. should have begun D. must have begun ‎46. When he was there, he ____ go to that coffee shop at the street comer after work every day.‎ ‎ A. would B. should ‎ C. had better D. might ‎48. —How could I thank you enough?‎ ‎ —Don’t mention it. Any other man _________ that.‎ ‎ A. must do B. could do C. would have done D. should have done ‎49. —Why aren’t they here yet?‎ ‎ —They ________ the bus.‎ ‎ A. can have missed B. must be late for C. may have missed D. might be late for ‎50. Mike _______ come to see me I don’t want to go out in case he comes.‎ ‎ A. can B. must C. may D. will ‎51. The thief ________ in from the kitchen window as the door was closed.‎ ‎ A. may climb B. must have climbed C. could have climbed D. should have climbed ‎52. —You didn’t invite Bill?‎ ‎ — __________ him too?‎ ‎ A. Must I invite B. Must I have invited C. Should I invite D. Should I have invited ‎53. —Why didn’t you attend the lecture yesterday?‎ ‎ —I didn’t think that we _______ on Sundays.‎ ‎ A. should B. ought to have C. shouldn’t have D. will have to ‎54. It’s said that there are plenty of hotels in that town. There ______ be any difficulty for you to find somewhere ‎ to stay.‎ ‎ A. wouldn’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t ‎55. —Would you be here to attend the English party this evening?‎ ‎ —Yes, we _________.‎ ‎ A. shall B. would C. will D. must ‎56. On Sundays when I was a child, Father and I _______ get up early and go fishing.‎ ‎ A. could B. would C. might D. should ‎58. I lived with my sister this summer and didn’t have to pay rent. So I ______ save most of my salary.‎ ‎ A. could B. would C. was able to D. should ‎59. —Look, John’s fallen asleep.‎ ‎ — Oh, he _______ too late last night.‎ ‎ A. might sit up B. should have sat up C. could sit up D. must have sat up ‎60. —I posted the letter a week ago.‎ ‎ —Then they __________ the letter by now. It usually takes four days.‎ ‎ A. can have received B. must receive C. should receive D. ought to have received ‎61. He used to teach in that university and I _________ ride past it on my way to work.‎ ‎ A. would B. could C. should D. might ‎62. —So you have to leave now.‎ ‎ —Yes, I __________. ‎ ‎ —How nice it would be if you could stay a bit longer!‎ ‎ A. have to B. ought to C. do D. have ‎63. He _______ Shanghai, for I saw him talking with the headmaster a moment ago.‎ ‎ A. must have gone to B. can’t have gone to C. mustn’t have been to D. can’t have been to ‎64. From what I learn about their hotel, the service and the weather, they _____ their holiday very much.‎ ‎ A. wouldn’t have enjoyed B. shouldn’t have enjoyed ‎ C. needn’t have enjoyed D. can’t have enjoyed ‎65. It is not like Jack to be unfriendly, so he _________ you when you called.‎ ‎ A. can’t have seen B. should not have seen ‎ C. must not have seen D. need not have seen ‎66. —Many people in England love to give advice on weather reporting.‎ ‎ —Yes, but I think the weather office’s computers _________ be more accurate.‎ ‎ A. can B. must C. ought to D. might ‎67. —The farmers lived near the high way.‎ ‎ —________ very noisy.‎ ‎ A. It must have been B. They must be C. That might be D. There must be ‎69. —Mary didn’t turn up last time, did she?‎ ‎ —No. She_________. We had changed our plan.‎ ‎ A. shouldn’t have come B. needn’t have to come ‎ C. didn’t need to come D. needn’t have come ‎70. —They haven’t finished the work up to now.‎ ‎ —Well, they________.‎ ‎ A. should B. should have C. would D. must have ‎71. —Shall I go and buy more fruit for the party?‎ ‎ —No, I have already bought 3 baskets. That _________ be enough.‎ ‎ A. can B. ought to C. may D. might ‎72. —Why hasn’t the speaker turned up?‎ ‎ —He _________ the flight. I’ll find it out at once.‎ ‎ A. must have missed B. might have missed ‎ C. would have missed D. could have missed ‎73. I _______ pay Tom a visit, but I am not sure whether I will have time this Sunday.‎ ‎ A. should B. might C. would D. could ‎74. —Who is the girl standing over there?‎ ‎ — Well, if you _____ know, her name is Mabel.‎ ‎ A. may B. can C. must D. shall ‎75. It has been announced that candidates (考生)________ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. ‎ ‎ A. can B. will C. may D. shall ‎【答案解析】‎ ‎1．D。must表示推测。根据句意：他们一定正在等我们。所以用must be waiting。‎ ‎2．D。由even though可知该题意为：她很勇敢，尽管她腿受了伤，她仍然设法独自回家了。而be able to= manage to，有克服困难设法成功之意。‎ ‎3．A。cannot / can not / never … too/ enough是一固定搭配，表示“越……越好”、“再……也不过分”。‎ ‎4．C。考查情态动词will的用法。will表示意志、意愿和决心。‎ ‎5．B。used to和would都有“过去常常”之意，但used to有今昔对比之意，现在再也不这样了。而would无此用法。‎ ‎6．C。解此题的关键：一、掌握反意疑问句的基本构成，即“前肯后否，前否后肯”。二、了解used to构成的反意疑问句有两种 （didn’t和usedn’t或usen’t）。三、知道there构成的反意疑问句可由there直接构成，而不用it，所以选择C。‎ ‎7．B。can作为情态动词，它有一特殊用法，即：表示“有时会”= is sometimes等一般情况。句意为：我们家住山顶，所以有时夏天风会很大。‎ ‎8．B。shall用于第一、三人称疑问句时表示征求对方意见或指示。二、三人称表示说话人的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。‎ ‎9．B。should意为“竟然”。should have done意为“竟然做了某事”。句意：我很惊讶，他竟然比赛输了。‎ ‎10．A。had better是一特殊情态动词，它可以写成better，但无论是had better，还是better，其反意疑问句均由had引导。此外，还遵循“前肯后否”的原则。故选A。‎ ‎11．A。此题考查情态动词ought to的特殊用法。它有表示“道德法律上的必须”之意。此句意为：“先生，您不能在这捕鹿，它们是国家保护动物”。can’t虽有“不能、不准”之意，但它不表示“法律上的不准，道义上的不能”之意，所以排除B。oughtn’t to相当于shouldn’t，但前者语气更为强烈。won’t表示“不愿、不能”，故排除。needn’t表“不必”，不符合题意。因此排除D。‎ ‎12．A。can不能用于肯定句中表示推测；will表将来或意愿；should have done意为“本应该……却未……”。句子表达的是一种对过去的猜测，但可能性不大。‎ ‎13．D。因对话是对过去事情的推测，所以不能选择A和B。从上句意义可知：已坐了5个人的小车里再挤一个人一定不是舒服的旅行。答案为D。‎ ‎14．C。表示对未来可能出现的一种事实的推测，但不是很肯定。‎ ‎15．D。谚语：“三人行，必有我师”。‎ ‎16．A。本句意为“你能把那本我给你打电话时你提到的那本书借给我吗?”，用过去进行时表示对过去情节，场面的描述。‎ ‎17．A。shall用于第一、第三人称表示请求允许，“让这个新来者试试好吗?”‎ ‎18．C。“我们本不该觉得这么累，我们只是参加了个聚会嘛”。have been to是已发生的事实，“本不该”也是已经存在的状况。shouldn’t have felt是对已存在的情况的虚拟。shouldn’t“(照常理)本不应该”。‎ ‎19．B。shall用于第三人称表示征求许可。‎ ‎20．B。第一句表示要“拜访Mr Richardson”；第二个人因此说我给他发个电子邮件“so (that) he may know”以便于他可以知道“什么时候接我们(期待我们到达)”故选B。‎ ‎21．C。说话人在主句中使用了过去时态，因此，用来修饰从句的让步状语从句就必定是过去时态，这样，就排除了A、D项。should have done表示的是责备对方应该做某事而没有做，上句已经说明是走路而不是乘车，这样，就把可would go排除了。‎ ‎22．A。cannot / can not / never … too / enough是一固定搭配，表示“越……越好”、“再……也不过分”。‎ ‎23．C。should have done意为“本该干某事”。must have done 意为“准是做了”，不合题意。‎ ‎24．A。couldn’t have done表示对过去情况的推测，“过去不大可能发生某事”。B项表示本不必做某事而实际上却已做了。C项形式错。D项含有责备批评意味，用于肯定句表示在某时间之前应该完成的事而没完成，用于否定句表示本不该做的事却做了。‎ ‎25．C。根据句意：研究结果表明我们每天都会有2小时在做梦，不管我们白天做了什么。空格处应是表示对白天所做的事情的不肯定的推测。故选C。‎ ‎25．D。对现在所发生的事情的否定推测。‎ ‎27．C。对过去发生的事情的否定推测。句意：—有人告诉我John今天上午又出车祸了。—我不相信。他不可能那么粗心的。couldn’t have done意为“不可能做了……”。‎ ‎28．B。句意：就是玩电脑游戏浪费了这个小男孩很多时间，其实他本应当把时间化在学业上的。ought to have done含有责备批评之意。故答案为B。‎ ‎29．C。根据此对话的语境，此空应是“你不可能知道，你当时正在国外读书呢”。you couldn’t have是you couldn’t have known we were friends的简略形式。该句式表示对过去有把握的否定推测。A项表示“也许知道”；B项表示 “没必要知道”；D项表示“一定知道”。均不合题意。‎ ‎30．C。前句是must have +过去分词时，若前句强调对过去情况的推测（一般都有过去时间状语），疑问部分的谓语动词用didn’t + 主语；若前句强调动作的完成，疑问部分的谓语动词用haven’t/ hasn’t +主语。根据题意，by the end of last month（到上月底为止），表示动作的完成。‎ ‎31．C。can’t have done 表示对过去发生的行为不肯定。‎ ‎32．D。考查情态动词的用法。can表“可以”，needn’t表“不必”。‎ ‎33．D。句意：— 她一定回到峡谷了。 —不，不可能的。峡谷口找不到的。must have done的否定形式应是：can’t / couldn’t have done。‎ ‎34．C。could have done意为“本来可以干某事”。‎ ‎35．B。can’t have done表示对过去发生的行为的不肯定推测，意为“不可能干过某事”。‎ ‎36．C。因为题目中由ought to， 其表示过去动作的have在省略回答时不能舍弃。‎ ‎37．D。might表示把握性小的判断，意为“也许”。从第二句话说话人要打电话查明，说明他不太清楚，所以用might。must表示有把握的推测．would和will表示推测时把握性仅决于must，意为“大概是……”。‎ ‎38．D。A、B项因为第二空有并列连词，排除，C项第一空意思不对，排除；D项第一空表示“将来”的时间，第二空表示“转折”的含义。‎ ‎39．A。shall用于第二、三人称。表示意图、意志、允诺、命令、命运或必然结果等，此处表示必然结果“她必须先去”。因为后面的从句说明了这种情况：“不管她是不是喜欢”，说明不由她个人决定。选项C表达不了这种意思。‎ ‎40．A。should用于情态动词时可以表示“应该会……，一定……吧”。外国人善于做饺子，他们做饺子的情形一定会很有趣。may只是用于不太确定的推测，不足以表达文中的含义can通常情况下用于疑问句和否定句的推测；will表示将来的情况，而外国人做饺子有趣是一般情况下都会发生的事情。‎ ‎41．C。应该注意上句时态是was，“当时门是开着的”。对过去的事件的否定推测用can not have been。‎ ‎42．A。must表猜测时，只用于肯定句，而依据They must be somewhere可以判断答案。‎ ‎43．C。mustn’t表示“禁止”“绝对不可能”，must表示猜测时，语气比may更加肯定。‎ ‎44．D。ought to可以表示“根据外界的事实或条件做出判断”。can用于推测时常出现在否定句或疑问句中；may和might表示推测的不确定性。‎ ‎45．D。根据语境，表示有把握的推测，“一定开始上课了”。must + 动词原形是对现在情况推测，must + have done表示对过去或已发生的情况的推测，may表示把握性较小的推测。should表示预期，“应该会，一定会……吧”。‎ ‎46．A。would在这里的意思是“过去经常做某事”，符合语境，而B、C、D均无法使此句合理通顺。‎ ‎47．C。should do的意思是“应该会……，—定……吧”，表示“预期”。‎ ‎48．C。根据语境，是对过去了的事情表示感谢。情态动词 + have done，表示过去。would意为“会，将”。‎ ‎49．C。根据上下文，他们还没到这里的原因有可能是他们错过了汽车。错过汽车，没按时到一定是一个过去的动作，所以排除B、D项。can表示推测时常用于否定句和疑问句中。故C项是最佳答案。‎ ‎50．C。may在此表示对将来的事实进行猜测。‎ ‎51．B。该句表示对过去的事实进行猜测，用C、D项含义均不对。‎ ‎52．D。问句中使用了过去时态，说明动作发生在“过去”；A、C项表示“现在”或者“将来”，排除。must不能和完成时一起用于疑问句，排除。这里should have ‎ done表示应该做某事而没有做，带有批评的口气。‎ ‎53．A。此句应该用情态动词的省略形式，根据意思应用should。‎ ‎54．C。wouldn’t表“不会”，一般用在过去时态；mustn’t表“一定不可以，千万不要”；shouldn’t表“应该不会”；needn’t表“没必要”。‎ ‎55．C。首先排除B、D，B表示一种委婉，此时没必要，D项must语气不对。shall表单纯的将来，而will更好，表示我们将来愿意去。‎ ‎56．B。“would”表示一种经常性动作，相当于“used to do”，但意思不完全相同。‎ ‎57．B。do这一助动词既指代了上文的“keep quiet in class”，又表强调，由于此题设置的是通常状态下，故选do，如果用来指过去的动作，则用did。‎ ‎58．C。would表“会”，should为“应该”，题中could和was able to表“能够”，符合题意。could为天生所能达到的，而was able to是经努力所能达到的，因此符合“省钱”语境。‎ ‎59．D。译为：—看！约翰睡着了。—他一定是昨天晚上熬夜熬得大晚了。must表示有根据的，较为肯定的推测。‎ ‎60．D。从by now看应该是完成时态，排除B、C，从It usually takes four days看，应是ought to“应该”，选D。‎ ‎61．A。would表示过去某一段时间一直重复做的事情。‎ ‎62．A。have to表示由于客观原因“不得不”，不能分开；ought to等于should，表示“应该”，do在此句中不能用，不能代替have to。‎ ‎63．B。can’t have done表示对过去情况的一种比较有把握的判断。根据下半句：因为一会儿时间前我看见他正和校长谈话可判断：他不可能去了上海。‎ ‎64．D。can’t have done表示对过去的行为动作的否定，从上文来看“根据我所了解的情况，他们不可能这个假期很快乐”，A项表示“可能已经，该已”，B项表示“过去该做而未做”，C项表示“本来不需做而实际上做了”。‎ ‎65．A。can’t have done表示对过去事实的推测，意为“肯定没有……”。should not have done表示不该做而做了；need not have done表示没必要做而做了；只有must have done，无mustn’t have done形式，mustn’t表禁止。根据句意“不像是Jack不友好”，下句是表推测的，“所以肯定是当你喊他时他没看到你”。‎ ‎66．C。此题考查的是情态动词的用法。can是 “可以、可能、能够”的意思；must则是“必须”；might表推测。联系上下文意，均不可选。而ought to意为“应该”，有更大的事实依据。根据实际情况，the weather office’s computers也确实更准确些，故选C。‎ ‎67．A。对话中第一句是对过去一件事情的陈述，因此下一句中对过去某种情况的推测应该用must have done句型，故选A。‎ ‎68．C。前一个空填would，意为“(在过去某个时间)她想要通过考试”，后一空用knows，是在陈述一个事实，意为“但她知道的太少了”。‎ ‎69．C。shouldn’t have come意为“本不应该来” ，暗含 “她来过了” 的意思，与题意不符；needn’t have to come中need为情态动词，倾向于主观上的“必要”，与题中给出条件“We had changed our plan”不符；didn’t need to come中的need to do表示“(有责任、有义务)做某事”，符合题意。‎ ‎70．B。should have done意为“本应该做某事(但实际上没做)”。‎ ‎71．B。四个选项在句中都不错，只根据说话人语气，“已经买了三篮水果”因为不必再买了，说明她认为已经够了，是一种比较肯定的语气，而不是猜测语气。‎ ‎72．B。在不确定问题答案之前，我们用不肯定的语气“may”或“might”表推测，又因为推测的动作已经发生，B项最正确，符合语境。‎ ‎73．A。选项A表示“在某种意义上应该干……”；选项B、D均表示“过去的一种可能性”。根据题意，只能选A。‎ ‎74．C。选项A表示允许，意为“可以”；选项B表示能力，意为“能够”；选项C表示主张，意为“偏偏，偏要”；选项D表示说话者的意图、命令或决心，意为“必须、一定”。故选C。又如：The car must broke ‎ down just as we were going on our holiday.‎ ‎75．D。shall 用于陈述句第二、第三人称时，表示说话人的意图、允诺、警告、命令、决心等，意思是“必须、应该、可以”。句意：据宣布，考生在收卷前必须坐在自己的座位上。‎