专题 04 高考英语语法【形容词】核心考点聚焦 -2021年高考英语必背手册 13页

1 【口袋书】2021 年高考英语必背手册 专题四 形容词 一、形容词的基本用法 形容词常用来修饰，描述名词或代词的特征或状态，主要作表语、定语、补语或状语。 The baby is still asleep.婴儿还在睡觉。（作表语） Don’t make your parents disappointed.不要让你的父母失望。（作宾语补足语） Unlike traditional gyms, appbacked gyms offer people flexible options to exercise. 不像传统的体育锻炼，有 app 软件的体育锻炼给人们提供了灵活的锻炼选项。（作定语） Lighthearted and optimistic, she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile. 她无忧无虑、积极乐观，是那种用微笑给别人带来快乐的人。（作状语） 名师点津：形容词作状语主要表示原因、结果或伴随等，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一 致。 二 、 形容词的比较等级的构成微专题核心考点 1.规则变化 词形分类及变化构成 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节词和少 数双音节词 一般加er 或est tall taller tallest long longer longest 以e 结尾的，只加r 或st nice nicer nicest 2 fine finer finest 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾 只有一个辅音字母的，先双 写该辅音字母再加er 或est big bigger biggest hot hotter hottest fat fatter fattest 以“辅音字母加y”结尾的， 先变 y 为 i 再加er 或est happy happier happiest easy easier easiest 其他双音节词 和多音节词 在前面加 more 或 most difficult more difficult most difficult beautiful more beautiful most beautiful 【名师点津】 有少数几个双音节以及ow，er，le 结尾的词，既可以加er 和est, 又可以加 more 和 most 构成比较级和最高级。常考的词有：common, clever, simple, quiet, stupid 等。 2.不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/ill worse worst many/much more most old older/elder oldest/eldest little less least far farther(具体) farthest(具体) further(抽象) furthest(抽象) 三、形容词与副词的比较等级用法微专题核心考点 3 1.同级比较的用法 ①as＋adj.(原级)＋as...“和……一样”； not as/so＋adj./adv.(原级)＋as...“和……不一样” Since people are fond of humor, it is as welcome in conversation as anywhere else. 既然人们都喜欢幽默，幽默在谈话中就像在其他任何地方一样受欢迎。 ②当 as...as 结构中有名词时，可用以下结构： as＋形容词原级＋a(n)＋n.＋as... as＋many＋可数名词复数＋as... as＋much＋不可数名词＋as... I’m not a little tired today after giving the room a thorough cleaning and I have never had as tiring a day as today. 今天对房间进行了大扫除之后我很累，我从来没有过比今天更累的一天了。 In business, it is important to network with as many people as possible on a face to face basis. 在生意场上，与尽可能多的人建立面对面的关系网是很重要的。 Most tellingly, perhaps, chimpanzees do not draw as much information from the world around them as we do. 也许最能说明问题的是，黑猩猩不像我们人类那样从周围的世界中获取那么多的信息。 名师点津：“as...as”结构有时不用来表示两者的比较，而是用来表示“尽可能......；尽量......” Take as many apples as you like. 你要多少苹果就拿多少。 2.比较级的用法 ①“形容词/副词比较级＋than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更……”。 Secondly, if you don’t want to waste time, divide the group task among all group members to make the job easier． 4 其次，如果你不想浪费时间，把小组任务分配给所有小组成员，使工作更容易。 ②“less＋形容词/副词原级＋than”结构，表示“一方不及另一方……”。 This scientific book is less difficult than that story book. 这本科普图书不如那本故事难。 3.含有比较等级的特殊句型 ①the+比较级·······，the+比较级······ 表示： 越······, 就越······ The more interaction the robot has with humans, the more it learns. 机器人与人类的互动越多，它学到的东西就越多。 The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make. 你越细心，你犯的错误就越少。 The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared. 一篇文章越正面，被分享的可能性就越大。 ②“形容词比较级＋and＋比较级 表示： 越来越…... I believe your English will become better and better. 我相信你的英语会越来越好。 More and more people realize the importance of learning a foreign language well. 越来越多的人认识到学好一门外语的重要性。 ③the+比较级＋of the two 表示： 两者中“更···”的一个 Mr.Brown is the stronger of the two. 布朗先生是两人中较强壮的一个。 5 The taller of the two boys is my brother. 两个男孩中个子较高的那个是我弟弟。 ④no more than “只是；仅仅”； not more than “至多；不超过” It's unwise of you to consider his wild behaviour as no more than a kid's game. It may gradually develop into a bad habit. 你把他这种疯狂行为视为不过是小孩子嬉戏，这是不明智的。这种行为可能会逐渐助长成为 坏习惯。 The river was not high, so there was not more than a two or three mile current. 河水不高，所以只有两三英里的水流。 ⑤more...than...“与其说……倒不如说……” 看到他现在这个样子，与其说我难过，还不如说我生气。 Seeing what he is like now, I am more angry than sad. ⑥no＋比较级＋than“和……一样不……” She is feeling no better than yesterday. 她并不觉得比昨天有所好转。 ⑦not＋比较级＋than“不比……更……” Now, many small cities are well equipped that are not worse than big cities. 现在，许多小城市的基础设施都很完善，并不比大城市差。 ⑧superior, senior, junior 等形容词与 to 搭配，表示比较，如 be senior to 等。 Experts states this method was superior to others. 专家说这种方法优于其他方法。 Only one manager is senior to me now. 现在职位比我高的就只有经理了。 He is junior to me by two years. 他比我小两岁。 6 4.最高级的用法 ①表示三者或三者以上的比较，常见的结构：“the＋最高级＋表示比较范围的短语或从句”， 表示“……是……中最……的”。 During the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, Beijing Opera finally formed and became the biggest of all operas in China. 在 19 世纪末 20 世纪初，京剧最终形成并成为中国最大的戏剧。 Andy is content with the toy.It is the best he has ever got. 安迪很满意这个玩具。这是他至今得到的最好的玩具。 ②one of＋形容词最高级＋名词复数 Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in our country. ＝Shanghai is among the biggest cities in our country. 上海是我国最大的城市之一。 ③序数词＋形容词最高级＋名词 Africa is the second largest continent in the world. 非洲是世界上第二大洲。 四、倍数的表达微专题核心考点 1.A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole. 总的来说，电子废弃物正以比传统垃圾快三倍的速度增加。 2.A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B 7 This box is three times as large as that one. 这个盒子是那个盒子的三倍大。 3.A is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size, length, height 等)＋of＋B This building is twice the height of that one. 这座建筑物是那座建筑物的两倍高。 The new bridge is three times the width of the wooden one. 这座新桥是那座木桥的三倍宽。 4.A is＋倍数＋as many/much＋名词/代词＋as B The output is twice as much as that of ten years ago. 产量是十年前的两倍。 He has got three times as many books as his sister. 他的书是他姐姐的三倍。 5.A is ＋倍数＋what 从句 The length of this road is four times what it was three years ago. 这条路的长度是三年前的四倍。 五、比较级表示最高级意义 1.否定词＋比较级或否定词+so...as Nothing is easier than this. =Nothing is so easy as this one. 没有什么比这更容易的了。 2.比较级＋than＋any other＋单数名词 比较级＋than＋all the other＋复数名词 8 比较级＋than＋any of the other＋复数名词 比较级＋than anything/anyone else Jim is more hardworking than all the other students/any of the other students in his class. 吉姆比班上所有其他学生/任何其他学生都用功。 Your story is perfect；I’ve never heard a better one before. 你的故事太完美了，我以前从未听过比这更好听的故事。 The Yangtze River is longer than any other river/than all the other rivers/than any of the other rivers in China. 长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。 3.never...such+名词 I have never seen such a beautiful scene. 我从未见过如此美丽的景色。 4.否定词+不定冠词+比较级+名词 How beautiful she sings! I have never heard a better voice. 她唱得多美啊!我从没听过比这更好的声音。 六、看到四种情况，想到用比较等级 1.看到与 than 连用，要想到用比较级 Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is cleaner than ever. 最后，辛勤的工作得到了回报，现在河里的水比以前更干净了。 After a few months, we all felt that we had been able to build much stronger relationships with the family than we had before. 几个月后，我们都觉得我们与这个家庭建立了比以前更牢固的关系。 9 2．看到 and, but, or 等连词前或后用的比较等级形式，要想到用比较等级 They were also the best and worst years in my life. 那也是我生命中最好和最糟糕的岁月。 So SEO can be a powerful tool that not only helps a website rank higher but also makes a website easier to use. 所以 SEO 可以是一个强大的工具，不仅帮助网站排名更高，也使网站更容易使用。 3．看到语境中暗含的比较含义，要想到用比较级(两者之间)或最高级(三者及以上) After our plane landed, we went to the hotel.We had made our reservation six months earlier, but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. 飞机降落后，我们去了旅馆。我们早在六个月前就订好了房间，但是前台的人说弄错了。 4．看到下列固定搭配，要想到用比较等级 (1)the＋比较级．.., the＋比较级．.. The harder you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit. 你越想打败他，你就越有可能被打败。 七、无比较等级形容词使用微专题核心考点 表示“最高程度”的形容词，如 excellent, extreme, perfect, favorite, wonderful 等表示“最高程度” 的形容词没有最高级，也不能用比较级。 They were reduced to extremely poverty. 他们陷入极度贫困。 This could be the perfect time to buy a house. 这可能是买房子的最佳时机。 八、最高级中的省略用法微专题核心考点 10 1.最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的词常省略 New York Harbour is the loveliest (harbour) at night perhaps. 纽约港也许是夜晚最美丽的港口。 2.最高级前有序数词、物主代词、指示代词或名词所有格修饰时，最高级前不用 the Sam is my best friend. 萨姆是我最好的朋友。 Hainan is China's second largest island. 海南是中国的第二大岛。 3.两个最高级修饰同一名词时，后一个最高级不用 the He is the youngest and tallest boy in his class. 他是班里年龄最小、个子最高的男孩。 4.有时最高级用来加强语气，作“很，非常，十分”讲时，不用 the I think the professor’s advice is most important. 我认为教授的建议非常重要的。 5.最高级作宾补时不用 the I found it most difficult to get to sleep. 我发现入睡是最难的了。 6.在一些固定用法中，最高级前常不用 the With best wishes for you. 献上最诚挚的祝福 九、形容词使用的易错点 1.形容词作状语时，表示伴随或说明主语所处的状态，并不表达动作的方式 Near dawn he crept back to his room, exhausted, but happy. 11 快天亮的时候，他蹑手蹑脚地回到自己的房间，筋疲力尽，但很开心。 2.can not/never 与 enough/too 连用，表示“再······也不过分，越······越好” You can never be too careful to study. 你学习时越认真越好。 You can’t scold me enough. 你怎么骂我都不为过。 3.形容词如 alive/ asleep/ awake/ afraid/ alone/ worth 作定语时常后置 The baby still asleep might be awake very soon. 还在睡觉的婴儿可能很快就会醒来。 One hand alone can't clap－it takes two to make a quarrel. 一个巴掌拍不响－两个人才能吵架. 4.形容词在修饰 something/ nothing/ anything/ somebody/ nobody/ anybody 等不定代词时后置 There is something wrong with my bike. 我的自行车坏了。 He doubted if he would learn anything new from Marie. 他怀疑自己是否能从玛丽那里学到什么新东西。 5.形容词后有不定式时，必须放在名词后面 This is a problem difficult to solve. 这是一个很难解决的问题。 6.比较级不可以重叠使用 如：less colder → less cold 改错：We need to work harder on prevention, which can be more cheaper than a cure. →We need to work harder on prevention, which can be much cheaper than a cure. 我们需要在预防方面更加努力，这可能比治疗要便宜得多。 7.比较的对象要对等 12 如：The weather of China is more comfortable than the weather/that of Canada. 中国的天气比加拿大的天气舒适 改错：The weather of China is more comfortable than Canada. →The weather of China is more comfortable than that of Canada. 中国的天气比加拿大的天气舒适。 8.形容词 most 前面没有 the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示 “非常”。 A voice sounding like a BBC newsreader was viewed as a most attractive voice. 英国广播公司新闻播音员的声音被认为是非常有吸引力的声音。 9.more than 这几个用法不是比较级 ① more than=over 表示“超出” ② more than = very 表示：“很；非常” ③ more than 表示：“不仅” ④ more... than... 表示：“与其...不如...” He has worked here for more than20 years 他在这里工作了 20 多年了 I’m more than glad to hear the news. 听到这个消息我非常高兴。 He is more than a teacher；he is also a writer. 他不仅仅是一位老师；他也是一位作家。 He is more lucky than bright. 与其说他聪明，不如说他幸运。 10.序数词通常只修饰最高级。 Africa is the second largest continent. 非洲是第二大大陆。 11.ed 结尾形容词, 感到…… ing 结尾形容词, 令人…… 13 She was greatly frightened after hearing a frightening cry, then she let out a frightened cry. 她听到一声可怕的叫声后，吓了一大跳，然后她发出一声惊恐的尖叫声。 12. ly 结尾的形容词有： friendly（adj. 友好的）；deadly (adj. 致命的)；lovely (adj. 可爱的)；lonely (adj. 寂寞的)； likely(adj. 很可能的)；lively(adj. 活泼的)；brotherly(adj. 兄弟般的) He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 他以一种非常友好的方式和我说话。 If anything sours the relationship, it is likely to be real differences in their worldviews. 如果有什么事情使两国关系恶化的话，那很可能是他们在世界观上的真正差异。 13. ly 结尾既为形容词也为副词，如 daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early 等。 The Times is a weekly paper.《泰晤士报》是一份周报。 The Times is published weekly.《泰晤士报》每周出版一次。