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高考英语短文改错测试重点及分类解析
第一章 短文改错测试重点及分类解析
根据短文改错的命题特点， 我们可以按照以下四步进行备考快速练习。
第一步： 审题。通读全文， 了解大意。全面把握文章整体(时态、 题材及内容)。
第二步： 重读全文， 应先确定一些明显的错误， 以便疏通短文， 化繁为简， 为后面解题打开思路。许多问题可在这一阶段得到解决。从词法、 句法到行文逻辑三方面着手， 逐句而不是逐行地分析、 找错。
第三步： 综观全篇， 看错误类型的比例是否得当、 前后逻辑是否一致、 有无前后矛盾等现象。
第四步： 认真检查， 避免出现以下错误： 符号不规范； 一个词改为几个或几个改为一个； 该大写的未大写； 合成词只改了其中一部分等。
下面，我们根据词性不同， 来对改错题目进行分类解析。
第一节 名 词
在短文改错中见到名词时， 应检查是否有数、 格及名词前限定词用法等错误。汉语中的名词在形式上无复数变化， 而是通过在名词前加数词来表示； 英语则不同， 除了在名词前加数词之外， 如果是可数名词， 还应将该名词变为复数形式。
1. 检查句中名词的单复数形式是否符合句意。
2. 检查句中有无可数名词和不可数名词的误用。
3. 检查句中有无所有格的误用。
4. 检查句中有无名词前限定词的误用。
练 习
请改正下列句子中的语法错误， 注意名词的使用。
1. He is on good term with me.
2. He is a generous fellow, and will soon make friend with you again.
3. His opinion is considered to be great value.
4. He sent his daughter to a girl’s high school.
5. Give me three spoonful of sugar.
6. His eyes are as blue as a Scandinavian.
7. A few peoples live to be a hundred years old.
8. Aunt Mary returned home after ten year’s absence.
9. He is a friend of my brother.
10. The observation of the law is the first duty of every citizen.
第二节 动词的谓语形式
一、 谓语动词的时态
1. 掌握各种时态的用法
2. 注意时态的协调一致
1)在简单句中， 时态要与时间状语一致。
2)当两个或两个以上的谓语共用一个主语时， 其时态要求一致。
3)由并列连词连接的两个句子， 时态上也要求一致。
4)当遇到宾语从句和间接引语时， 若其主句是过去时， 则在从句中也必须使用过去时。但是当宾语从句表示的是客观事实和真理时， 一般用一般现在时。
5)与宾语从句一样， 主语从句、 表语从句和同位语从句的时态也要求和主句的时态一致。
6)定语从句和状语从句也要与主句的时态相呼应， 当从句谓语表示的动作与主句的动作同时发生时， 要用相同的时态。
二、 谓语动词的语态
1. 检查句子是否该用被动语态。
2. 检查被动语态形式是否正确。
3. 检查被动语态的时态与句中其他时态是否相呼应， 其数是否与其主语一致。
三、 谓语动词的语气
虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式， 用来表示说话人所说的话不是客观存在的事实， 而是一种与事实相反的愿望、 可能、 推测、 建议、 要求、 假设或主观的设想等。改错时应特别注意：
1. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用。
2. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用。
3. 虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用。
四、 情态动词
下列用法常是短文改错的焦点：
1. must表示“必须， 不得不”时， 其否定式是needn’t或do not have to； must not则表示“不许， 禁止”。
2. need与dare既可作情态动词， 也可作实义动词； 而作实义动词时， 若要构成问句和否定句， 就需要助动词do/does/did。
3. “can+have+过去分词”结构用在疑问句和否定句中， 表示对过去的事情所作的推测。
4. “could+have+过去分词”结构除用来表示对过去的事情所作的推测外， 还可用来表示某事有可能在过去发生， 但实际上并没有发生。
5. “may/might+have+过去分词”结构用来表示对过去的事情所作的推测。(“可能已经……了”)
6. “must+have+过去分词”结构用来表示对过去的事情所作的肯定判断。(“……一定已经……了吧”)
7. “should/ought to+have+过去分词”结构用来表示过去应做而未做的事， 含有自责或责备的语气。(“本来应该……的”)
8. “need not+have+过去分词”结构用来表示过去做了没有必要做的事。(“本来不必……的”)
练 习
1. After they had chose the books they wished to read, the instructor told them the principal points he wanted them to note.
2. When I reach at the end of a cigarette, my money has gone up in smoke.
3. The island has little vegetation(植被)， it scarcely raises above the surrounding sea.
4. In our school the teachers would leave most students go out early on Friday afternoons before football games.
5. Ours was the first group of swimmers who had dove into the new pool.
6. I will like to know where you were born.
7. I would like you read it again.
8. What will you like to do when you finish your course at Leeds?
9. I hope you can visit my country soon, because I’d to show you some lf. the beautiful places near my home.
10. My father mustn’t have said such a thing.
第三节 动词的非谓语形式
一、 动词不定式
1. 不定式可作主语。
2. 当不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时， 一般要用不定式的被动式。但是在某些形容词后面， 即使是这样， 也不用被动式。
3. 某些动词后面只能跟不定式作宾语。
4.当不定式作宾语， 且后面又有宾语补足语时， 通常用it作形式宾语来代替不定式， 而把不定式后置。
5. had better, would rather than等词的后面只跟不带to的不定式。
6. 动词不定式的一般式表示它与谓语动词同时发生， 或在其后发生； 其完成式则表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。但要注意动词plan, expect, wish, intend, mean, want, would(should) like等后面的不定式的完成式表示原打算要做而最终未做成的事情。
二、 动词的-ing形式改错指导
以下动词只能跟-ing形式作宾语， 不能跟不定式。如： advise, admit, avoid, allow, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, appreciate, imagine, include, mention, miss, prevent, quit, resist, risk, stand, suggest, understand等。
三、 过去分词改错指导
注意下列几组动词的-ing形式和过去分词之间的区别： surprising(令人吃惊的)， surprised(感到惊讶的)； interesting(令人感兴趣的)， interested(感兴趣的)； disappointing(令人失望的)， disappointed(感到失望的)； encouraging(令人鼓舞的)， encouraged(感到鼓舞的)
练 习
1. I was used to go to the cinema once a week.
2. He has never been heard speak ill of others.
3. We hear it say frequently that what present-day men most desire is security.
4. He always enjoys to read a detective story.
5. His father would not let him to go.
6. It is difficult to make yourself understand in English.
7. You should avoid to keep company with such people.
8. Smiling graciously, my offer was accepted by him.
9. You had better not to go there.
10. The doctor advised me giving up to smoke.
第四节 形容词与副词
在短文改错中见到形容词和副词时， 检查句中是否误把形容词作副词或误把副词用作形容词， 尤其是一些词形完全一样的形容词与副词。
1. 检查句中形容词与副词的位置是否正确。
2. 若句中有系动词， 检查其后跟的是形容词还是副词。
3. 检查句中有无易混淆的形容词的误用和易混淆的副词的误用。
4. 检查句中有无形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成错误。
5. 检查句中有无形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的使用错误。
6. 检查并列结构前后形容词与副词的级别是否对等。
练 习
1. He was impossible to find it out.
2. You should be respectable towards your teachers.
3. I am absolutely uncapable to tell a lie.
4. I’ll be convenient next Sunday.
5. You must make your parents happily.
6. He looked differently after his return from Europe.
7. The number of girls is very few.
8. This shirt is wool(l)en.
9. Let asleep dogs lie.
10. All the present students must cast their votes.
第五节 冠 词
1. 检查有无两个不定冠词之间的误用。
2. 检查有无定冠词不定冠词之间的误用。
3. 检查有无漏用冠词的情况。
4. 检查有无错用冠词的情况。
练 习
1. Last Sunday we went to school to play basketball.
2. Plato left behind him a view of the universe set forth in his dialogue in an unique combination of logic and drama.
3. I have read a interesting story.
4. What kind of a book do you have?
5. You’re in right; it’s not your fault.
6. The most of us are flattered when we receive a compliment.
7. Why are you at home in such a fine weather?
8. He was elected the Mayor of New York.
9. Horse is useful animal.
10. Goldsmith is said to have traveled from a place to a place.
第六节 代 词
一、 人称代词改错指导
1. 注意人称代词单复数的使用。
2. 注意人称代词主格和宾格的区别。
二、 物主代词改错指导
对物主代词的考查主要涉及：
1. 形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词之间的区别。
2. 物主代词指代的使用。
三、 反身代词改错指导
表示“某人自己”的代词称作反身代词。它在句中可作宾语、 同位语和状语， 但不能作主语。在使用反身代词时， 同样要注意其单复数和人称必须与所指代的名词一致。
四、 不定代词改错指导
常用的不定代词有some, any, no, none, many, much, few, little, each, every, one, all, both, either, other, another, others及由some, any, no, every构成的复合词。不定代词的用法较复杂， 需要考生特别注意。
五、 指示代词改错指导
指示代词有this, that, these, those, it, such, same等。this和these一般用来指时间和空间上较近的人或物， 也常用来指后面要提到的事情， 有启下的作用。that和those则常用来指时间或空间上较远的人或物， 也可用来代替前面出现过的名词， 以免重复。
练 习
1. Knowledge is there for whomever will seek it.
2. Depend upon that he will come here.
3. Whom do you think is the writer of this book?
4. His brother’s case is quite different from me.
5. The population of London is two times as large as this city.
6. People find increasingly difficult to make their living.
7. “I must say good-bye now.” “So I must.”
8. He is taller than any one in his class.
9. I spoke a man who I thought to be my cousin.
10.Only yesterday the hotel manager assured my husband and me that he would accept our reservation for a room.
第七节 数 词
1. 检查有无基数词与序数词之间的误用。
2. 检查在表示几百、 几千、 几百万等数字时表述是否正确。
3. 检查分数的表达是否正确。
4. 检查在表示“历史上的几十年代和某人几十岁时”的表达方式是否正确。
5. 检查数词与其他词构成的复合形容词是否正确。
练习
1. About three-fifth of the workers of that steel works are young people.
2. When he was in his fifty, he moved to England.
3. 439 is four hundreds and thirty-nine.
4. The sun is 93 millions miles away from the earth.
5. This big steel plant has a thousand of workers.
6. Hundred of people attended the meeting last night.
7. People lived a hard life in forties.
8. 333 is three hundred thirty-three.
9. He wrote a two-thousand-words report.
10. There are about three hundreds people in the park on National Day.
第八节 介 词
1. 检查介词有无误用。
2. 检查句中有无遗漏介词， 特别要注意作定语用的不定式后是否缺少必要的介词。
3. 检查句中有无多余的介词。
4. 检查句中介词与动词、 名词、 形容词、 副词等的搭配是否正确。
练 习
1. You must write your letter with ink.
2. A man is known to the company he keeps.
3. The field was dotted the great yellow hats of peasants.
4. Don’t approach to a work of art in such a spirit.
5. The boy was absorbed building a dam in the brook.
6. I was impressed at the zeal which he spoke of the plan.
7. The gentleman insisted at my receiving the money.
8. At last we reached to the village at the foot of the hill.
9. It is known to everyone that butter is made of milk.
10. The girl is proud of that her family is well descended.
第九节 连 词
1. 并列句中， 检查并列连词的使用是否正确， 有无遗漏并列连词的情况。
2. 复合句中， 检查从属连词的使用是否正确。
3. 检查主语从句和同位语从句前的连词是否遗漏。
4. 检查有无连词之间的误用， 尤其是if和whether之间的误用。
练 习
1. We become more and more impatient of interruptions when the years go on.
2. It was not until it began to rain when I noticed his umbrella left in my car.
3. At the age of six, my father took me to the circus for the first time.
4. He acted like he had never been in a museum before.
5. You’ll be permitted to bring a watch so that you may keep track of the time during you are taking the test.
6. It was not long since they made their appearance.
7. It was not so much the amount of the money but the money itself that surprised him.
8. There may not be much choice between this one or that.
9. We must eat for we may live.
10. Which do you like better, coffee and black tea?
第十节 从句与一致关系
一、 名词性从句
短文改错对名词性从句的考查侧重于连词的选择和从句的时态。
1. 检查语序是否正确。
2. 检查连接词是否误用。
3. 检查是否漏掉了连接词， 尤其是主语从句和同位语从句中的that。
4. 检查宾语从句与主句的时态呼应是否正确。
5. 检查主语从句与谓语的数是否一致。
6. 检查主语从句后置时， 作形式主语的it是否出现。
7. 检查有无if与whether的误用。
二、 定语从句
定语从句的改错主要涉及关系代词、 关系副词的运用以及定语从句中的主谓一致问题。
1. 判断关系代词及关系副词的使用是否正确。
2. 判断先行词与定语从句的谓语动词的数是否一致。
3. 检查关系代词的格的使用是否正确， 尤其是在关系代词作主语和介词前置时。
4. 检查有无关系副词与介词重复使用的情况。
5. 检查有无漏掉作主语的关系代词的情况。
6. 检查非限制性定语从句的关系代词使用是否正确。
7. 检查定语从句中除了关系代词或关系副词外， 是否还有多余的代词或副词。
三、 一致关系
1. 检查主谓在数上是否违背了语法一致的原则。
2. 检查主谓在数上是否违背了意义一致的原则。
3. 检查主谓在数上是否违背了邻近原则。
练 习
1. My roommate lives in a small town in central Missouri, a quiet town which I would like to live myself.
2. The United States is composed of fifty states; two of those are separated from the others by land or water.
3. What far is it from here to the station?
4. They want to know how they can do to help us.
5. —Who’s got all my money?
—I do.
6. You smoke again! Why not to give it up?
7. These photos will show you how our village looks like.
8. Someone is at the door. Who is he?
9. —Those shirts are very expensive.
—Do you know how they cost?
10. —Who you think is the richest man in this town?
—I think Mr. Kim is.
第十一节 倒装与省略
1. 检查是否有该倒装而未倒装的情况。
2. 检查是否有该省略而未省略的情况。
练 习
将下列各句改为倒装句， 并强调划线部分的语气。
1.The defeated army ran away, leaving many wounded soldiers.
2.We can know the past, but we only feel the future.
3.The news impressed me so strongly that I could not utter a word for some time.
4.Our eyes are opened only after we have made a mistake.
5.I have often heard it said that he is not trustworthy.
6.His faithful dog sat by his side.
7.We must in no case imagine that material comfort is the final goal of human happiness.
8.I never expected that the man would turn up at the meeting.
9. I found so many happy people nowhere else.
10. he said good-bye to me and he drove off.
第二章
短文改错综合练习
Exercise 1
It is Sunday today. I have been studying all day long. On 1. _______
the morning, I had dry breakfast. We had no water to2. _______
drink because the water supply had cut off. The water had 3. _______
come back in the evening. I did maths then. I didn’t stop after 4. _______
12 o’clock. After a short lunch I had the break. Then I went to5. _______
my Sunday English class.
After a long and tired class for more than two hours, I got 6. _______
to home. Some work had been done but some hadn’t. I must 7. _______
review all my subject such as the Sciences and the Humanities, 8. _______
which include Chinese, English, Politics and History as 9. _______
well. That’s terribly! Especially when there was no water. 10. ______
Exercise 2
Dear students,
The Students’ Union was going to hold an English Speech 1. _______
contest in the evening of December 30. The purpose 2. _______
is increase the students’ interest in learning English and 3. _______
improve their spoken English. Which is going to be held in4. _______
the school main hall and will begins at 7:30. And the 5. _______
best five students of this English contest will be given6. _______
prizes. Someone in Grade Three will be 7. _______
welcome to take part in it. Those would like to take part 8. _______
in this contest should go to the office of the Students’9. _______
Union and sign it up your names and the topics of your 10. ______
English Speech.
Welcome to this great fun!
Exercise 3
Listening to foreign broadcast easier 1. _______
if we know something about. There are clues 2. _______
that can help us. One clue is the time of 3. _______
day. Morning programs usually contains many 4. _______
short items of news, informations, etc. The 5. _______
items are short because of most of us are 6. _______
getting ready to going to work in the 7. _______
morning. Often we do not have time listen 8. _______
to long programs. There are time for more 9. _______
details about the subjects discuss in evening programs.10. ______
Exercise 4
Life on earth depends the sun. Day after 1. _______
day we see its light and feel its warm, but we 2. _______
do not often consider about its origin. 3. _______
Yet there are many remarkable things about the 4. _______
sun. One is their distance from the earth. Even 5. _______
if it could be made, a trip to the sun would spend a long 6. _______
time even by the fastest rocket. 7. _______
The sun is a large satellite. The planet 8. _______
earth is very small in comparison. The sun make 9. _______
us to feel hot, even at a distance of 93 million miles. 10. ______
Exercise 5
After I finished the school this year, I began to 1. _______
look for work. Now several month later, I still hadn’t2. _______
found the job that I was interested. Last Sunday morning3. _______
I received a phone call from a man calling him Mr. Smith. 4. _______
He said to me on the phone, “I hear you do very 5. _______
well in your studies. I may provide a job for you.” I entered 6. _______
his office with a beaten heart. How I hoped that I 7. _______
will go through the job -hunting talk today and he would8. _______
take me on as a lab assistant. But to my surprised, 9. _______
what he said disappointing. He only needed a model. 10. ______
Exercise 6
Once an old man saw a bag on his way to home. 1. _______
In the bag there was a wolf. It was catching and put in 2. _______
the bag by a shepherd(牧羊人) a few minutes ago.
The wolf asked the old man to let him out.3. _______
The old man took pity on him and opened bag.4. _______
When the wolf got out, said to the old man, “I am very hungry. 5. _______
I want to eat you.” The other old man could do nothing 6. _______
and cry for help. Just then the shepherd came and saw this. 7. _______
He beat the wolf to death by a stick. Then he said to the 8. _______
old man, “wolves want to eat men all the time. It’s nature 9. _______
will never change. We should took this as a good lesson.” 10. ______
Exercise 7
Dear Sir,
I’m glad to recommend (推荐) to you my friend Li Ming.
Li Ming was born on July 15, in 1974 in Beijing. 1. _______
He graduated from Xisi Primary School in 1986. 2. _______
When he was in the middle school, he did good in maths, 3. _______
physics and chemistry and fond of art. After graduating 4. _______
from No.4 High School, he entered into Beijing 5. _______
University study physics. After four years of hard 6. _______
work there, he went to the United States for farther7. _______
study. Because of his excellent work, he get a doctor’s 8. _______
degree in physics this year. He is now in good
health but would like to make contributions to our 9. _______
country. I should be most grateful if you would favorably
consider my recommendation.
Looking forward to receive your early reply.10. ______
Yours truly,
Wang Li
Exercise 8
Sept. 10th Wednesday Fine
Today is Teacher’s Day. I attended a celebration1. _______
meeting hold by our school. At the meeting, 25 2. _______
advanced teachers were praised and those had3. _______
completed 30 years of teaching were given medals.4. _______
My the first English teacher was one of those praised.5. _______
After the meeting, my classmates and I went to see them.6. _______
Seeing us, the grey-haried teacher looked
exciting. When we said we all wanted to be teachers 7. _______
and devoted ourselves to education in the future, he8. _______
nodded with satisfaction. He said in firm voice, 9. _______
“teaching is a noble job. Man would be stupid with 10. _______
education.” We all agreed and were greatly encouraged by his words.
Exercise 9
The other day my brother Tom was beginning his 1. _______
motorbike then our neighbor, Mary came out and asked 2. _______
him if he was going near the station. So he offered her a lift.
She got at the back of the motorbike and3. _______
they drove away. Just before they reached to the station4. _______
a policeman waved to them to stop. “Excuse me, sir,” he
said. “You are not sitting on that motorbike properly.”
“What’s matter with the way I’m sitting?” my brother5. _______
asked in surprise. “Not you, sir. It’s a young lady,” said 6. _______
the policeman. “In this country side-saddle(偏座) is not 7. _______
permitted when one ride a motorbike.” Mary made an excuse 8. _______
that she was from Italy, where it isn’t considering to9. _______
break the law when people take the side-saddle.
The policeman shook head and drove away.10. ______
Exercise 10
Japan is a beautiful country, covering with many1. _______
tiny rivers and high mountains. Japan is also a pleased 2. _______
country. It is known for “the land of the cherry blossom3. _______
(樱花)” because of the spring of the year the cherry 4. _______
trees are so beautiful. Everywhere there are hundred of 5. _______
different kinds of wild flowers. Where there are
not natural gardens, the Japanese 6. _______
has made their own. Because the islands are so hilly7. _______
there is a great shortage of the soil, so very little bit 8. _______
is used. No matter how tiny may be, every home has its 9. _______
own little garden. Japan is a country worthy of a visit. 10. ______
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