高考英语一轮复习语言知识运用训练四 12页

语言知识运用（四）‎ 完形填空 Speaking Up ‎(2019·天津高三模拟)I never looked up when my friends were talking and joking about the retarded (智障的) boy a few tables away. It didn't even cross my mind that he might feel __1__ when people whispered about him. So I just let them talk.‎ Then came the day when I learned my little brother Martin's testing for autism (自闭症) came out positive (阳性). I had never thought about him like that. I broke __2__， crying.‎ Everything had just changed. He was no longer a(n) __3__ little boy.‎ Over time, I was able to accept his __4__ a little more. We had to __5__ because Martin needed treatment. So Martin and I both started at a new school. One day, I was standing in the bus line waiting when a “ short” bus (for the retarded) came and __6__ up some kids. The children in the other line started making __7__ about the “ retarded” on that bus and I felt a __8__ feeling in my heart. I said quietly that those comments weren't very nice, __9__ no one listened.‎ My family moved again. In the new school I got a __10__ to speak up pretty soon. That day, in a band class, my teacher __11__ our playing to make some comments, “... Guys, we're playing like the kids on the short bus! Come on! ”‎ The entire room was laughing loudly. I felt very __12__. Then, I raised my hand. I wasn't sure what I was going to say but I wanted to be heard.‎ The whole class __13__ down. My mouth opened and this came out: “ I don't think we should make fun of the short bus, because there are people on that bus who have a lot in common with us and have the same feelings as we do.” I could feel my __14__ getting louder. “ So I would __15__ it if you didn't make fun of them.”‎ The room was very quiet and everyone stared at me. My teacher __16__ for his words and then started the song again. At the end of the class, everyone was giving me strange looks. But I didn't __17__， because I knew three things: I had spoken the __18__， I had taught everyone something, and while everyone in the classroom was being a follower, I had __19__ to take a different path since I wanted to become a __20__ and a role model.‎ ‎1. A. amazed　　　　　　　　 B. hurt C. uncertain D. cold ‎2. A. off B. in C. down D. away ‎3. A. normal B. noisy C. outstanding D. impressive ‎4. A. pain B. interest C. opinion D. illness ‎5. A. change B. move C. quit D. study ‎6. A. set B. took C. brought D. picked ‎7. A. jokes B. complaints C. choices D. discoveries ‎8. A. violent B. strange C. confusing D. clear ‎9. A. because B. if C. but D. so ‎10. A. chance B. position C. topic D. point ‎11. A. encouraged B. bothered C. enjoyed D. stopped ‎12. A. bad B. embarrassed C. tense D. guilty ‎13. A. sat B. slowed C. quieted D. looked ‎14. A. pace B. voice C. pulse D. breath ‎15. A. excuse B. appreciate C. stand D. permit ‎16. A. apologized B. fought C. allowed D. argued ‎17. A. understand B. notice C. return D. care ‎18. A. wisdom B. importance C. matter D. truth ‎19. A. helped B. decided C. agreed D. hoped ‎20. A. reporter B. thinker C. leader D. trainer 答案与解析 ‎【文章大意】　当“我”弟弟被诊断出自闭症后，“我”才意识到不应该取笑那些有智障的人，并身体力行的在课堂上纠正老师的问题，从而更加坚信自己。‎ ‎1. 答案　B 解析　句意：当人们耳语时“我”并没有注意到他可能会受到伤害。feel hurt“受伤”。根据人们耳语一个智障的孩子，故选B项。‎ ‎2. 答案　C 解析　“我”从来没有想到这样，我崩溃了，大哭。break down“崩溃”。‎ ‎3. 答案　A 解析　根据“Then came the day when I learned my little brother Martin's testing for autism (自闭症) came out positive (阳性)．”可知他不再是个正常的孩子。normal“正常的”；noisy“吵闹的”；outstanding“杰出的”；impressive“印象深刻的”。‎ ‎4. 答案　D 解析　句意：过了好久，“我”能接受他的疾病了。根据语境可知选D项。‎ ‎5. 答案　B 解析　根据语境可知因为Martin需要治疗我们不得不搬家。‎ ‎6. 答案　D 解析　句意：一天，“我”在车站排队等待，这时专车来了，接一些智障孩子。pick up“开车接人”。‎ ‎7. 答案　A 解析　句意：另一队的孩子开始嘲笑这些智障的孩子。make jokes“开玩笑”，故选A项。‎ ‎8. 答案　B 解析　根据语境可知因为有了自闭症的弟弟，所以这些话让作者有了奇怪的感觉，故选B项。‎ ‎9. 答案　C 解析　根据语境可知，“我”平静地说，评论他人是不好的，但没有人听。‎ ‎10. 答案　A 解析　在新学校，“我”有机会能阐明自己的观点。get a chance to do“有机会做某事”，故选A项。‎ ‎11. 答案　D 解析　句意：一天，在一节音乐课上，“我”的老师让“我们”停下来发表评论……。stop sb. doing“阻止某人做某事”，故选D项。‎ ‎12. 答案　A 解析　根据“Guys, we're playing like the kids on the short bus! Come on！”可知“我”感觉很不舒服。‎ ‎13. 答案　C 解析　根据上下文可知，整个班安静下来。quiet down“安静下来”，故选C项。‎ ‎14. 答案　B 解析　句意：“我”能感受到“我”的嗓门在不断地提高。故选B项。‎ ‎15. 答案　B 解析　句意：因此如果你们不嘲笑他们我会不胜感激。‎ ‎16. 答案　A 解析　根据句意：“我”的老师因为他说的话向“我”道歉。apologize for sth. “就……道歉”。‎ ‎17. 答案　D 解析　根据语境，但是“我”并不在乎，因为“我”知道三件事……。‎ ‎18. 答案　D 解析　句意：“我”说出了真相。故选D项。‎ ‎19. 答案　B 解析　根据语境可知，虽然大家成为了“我”的追随者，但是“我”想成为一个领导，所以“我”决定走一条不同的路。decide to do“决定做某事”。‎ ‎20. 答案　C 解析　根据“a role model”可知选C项，leader“领导”。‎ 完形填空 ‎(2019·海口调研)‎ My fiancé(未婚夫)and I decided today was the day to treat ourselves to a nice dinner.It __1__ as“our day”，but little did we know that it would turn into much __2__.I didn't want the whole day to be about wanting to __3__ the office for the upcoming(即将到来的)__4__ and I didn't want it to be just another romantic night for two，__5__ I decided to do something to make ourselves and others happy.‎ I began in small ways.I __6__ a few more coins into the food vending machines(自动售货机)at work for the staff，so that there would be something for the next __7__ worker.I posted smile signs in the hall which gave __8__ instructions on how to smile as __9__ entered the office，either before their morning cup of coffee or right before a meeting with their boss.I drafted some powerful words of inspiration on colorful strips of paper and decorated my __10__ ，so that any colleague who came by might ‎ just__11__ for a moment，read，and __12__ change their feeling.‎ When it came time for our lovely dinner to __13__ that night，I left the server a big __14__ and a wellwishing note for her to have a __15__ day.As my fiance and I were just about to leave our table，the waitress __16__ tears beside us.We asked her to __17__ with us and we just listened.As an emotional mothertobe，I __18__ along with her，too.Our table for two was now for __19__.‎ It was a day that was not __20__ ours，but it was the waitress'day，my coworkers' day，and now it's your day too!‎ ‎1．A.started　　　　　B．adapted C．disappeared D．finished ‎2．A.later B．worse C．more D．earlier ‎3．A.apply B．leave C．find D．stay ‎4．A.party B．picnic C．banquet D．dinner ‎5．A.if B．though C．so D．because ‎6．A.turned B．put C．made D．hid ‎7．A.full B．sleepy C．angry D．hungry ‎8．A.few B．clean C．clear D．puzzling ‎9．A.employees B．managers C．friends D．bosses ‎10．A.home B．office C．restaurant D．bedroom ‎11．A.stop B．run C．eat D．buy ‎12．A.never B．hardly C．frequently D．perhaps ‎13．A.change B．begin C．arise D．end ‎14．A.bill B．tip C．order D．menu ‎15．A.wonderful B．careful C．busy D．anxious ‎16．A.looked into B．came into C．made into D．burst into ‎17．A.stand up B．sit down C．go away D．stay up ‎18．A.smiled B．shouted C．cried D．cheered ‎19．A.three B．four C．five D．six ‎20．A.ever B．usual C．just D．even ‎【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者和她的未婚夫决定一起共进晚餐。在这本该属于他们自己的特殊一天里，作者却选择把关爱和欢乐一同送给同事、餐厅服务员、甚至是未曾谋面的陌生人，让爱和温暖滋润他人。‎ ‎1．A　考查动词辨析。根据下文的“but little did we know that it would turn into much ________”及下文内容可知，这顿晚餐一开始只属于我们。start意为“开始”，符合语境。故选A。‎ ‎2．C　考查形容词辨析。根据最后一段中的“but it was the waitress' day，my coworkers' day, and now it's your day too”可知，“我们”的这一天最后却变得更有意义，是更多人的一天。more 意为“更多”，符合语境。故选C。‎ ‎3．B　考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指吃晚饭前先离开办公室。leave意为“离开”，符合语境。故选B。‎ ‎4．D　考查名词辨析。根据第一段第一句中的“a nice dinner”可知，此处指即将到来的晚餐。故选D。‎ ‎5．C　考查连词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指作者不想这一天只属于她和未婚夫，她也想给他人带来快乐。本句与上句构成因果关系。故选C。‎ ‎6．B　考查动词辨析。根据语境及常识可知，硬币应该是放入自动售货机。B项意为“放，安置”，符合语境。故选B。‎ ‎7．D　考查形容词辨析。根据上文中的“food vending machines(自动售货机)”可知，此处指在自动售货机里放入多一些的硬币，是为了让下一个肚子饿了来买食物的同事有东西吃。hungry意为“饥饿的”，符合语境。故选D。‎ ‎8．C　考查形容词辨析。根据空格后的“instructions”及上文中的“I posted smile signs in the hall”可知，此处指作者在大厅里贴出清晰易懂的笑脸示范。clear意为“清晰易懂的，明白清楚的”，符合语境。故选C。‎ ‎9．A　考查名词辨析。根据下文中的“right before a meeting with their boss”可知，此处应指雇员。故选A。‎ ‎10．B　考查名词辨析。根据空格后的“any colleague who came by”可知，作者装饰的是办公室。故选B。‎ ‎11．A　考查动词辨析。根据空格后的“for a moment，read”可知，路过的同事们看到激励的话会停下来读一读。故选A。‎ ‎12．D　考查副词辨析。根据语境可知，作者觉得这些激励的话可能会改变同事们的心情。此处表推测。故选D。‎ ‎13．D　考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“I left the server...”可推知，此处应表示在晚餐结束要离开的时候。end意为“结束，终止”，符合语境。故选D。‎ ‎14．B　考查名词辨析。根据语境及常识可知，在离开之前作者给服务员留下了很丰厚的小费。B项意为“小费”，符合语境。故选B。‎ ‎15．A　考查形容词辨析。根据上文及“a wellwishing note”可知，作者的便条是祝愿服务员有美好的一天。wonderful意为“精彩的，绝妙的”，符合语境。故选A。‎ ‎16．D　考查动词短语辨析。根据上下文语境可知，服务员看到作者的便条感动得哭了。burst into tears意为“突然哭了”，符合语境。故选D。‎ ‎17．B　考查动词短语辨析。根据空格后的“with us”可知，作者邀请服务员坐下来，听她倾诉。B项意为“坐下”，符合语境。故选B。‎ ‎18．C　考查动词辨析。根据上文中的“As an emotional mothertobe”及语境可知，服务员突然哭起来，而作者作为一名感性的孕妇也陪她哭了起来。故选C。‎ ‎19．A　考查数词辨析。根据上文可知，作者夫妇和服务员一起坐着，因此一共是三个人。故选A。‎ ‎20．C　考查副词辨析。句意为：这一天已经不仅仅是属于我们的，也是属于服务员的、我的同事的而且现在也是你们的。just意为“仅仅”，符合语境。故选C。‎ 语法填空 ‎(2019·甘肃)Mandarin Chinese is the most useful non－European language for children to learn, as UK parents believe. Arabic and Japanese, __1__ were both picked by 14% of parents, were the other key non－European languages.‎ The figures were gained after 1，138 UK adults with children aged under 18 questioned in a survey conducted by the Mandarin Excellence Program (MEP)．‎ French, Spanish and German were the top __2__(choose) overall for young people ‎ in the UK to learn after __3__(pick) by 57%，54% and 40% of parents respectively.‎ Mark Herbert, president of the British Council, said, “With the global economy __4__(become) more interconnected, language skills are __5__(increase) vital for work and life.”Mandarin Chinese is __6__ of the languages that matter most to the UK's future prosperity.‎ ‎“If the UK is to remain __7__(compete) on the world stage, we need far more of our young people leaving school with __8__ good grasp of Mandarin in order to successfully work abroad or for businesses here in the UK.”‎ ‎“Learning Mandarin is also a fascinating process that __9__(bring) a valuable understanding of Chinese culture.”‎ The MEP aims to help __10__ least 5，000 young people in England to speak fluent Mandarin Chinese by 2020.‎ 答案与解析 ‎1. 答案　which 解析　考查定语从句。which指代Arabic and Japanese, 在从句中作主语。‎ ‎2. 答案　choices 解析　考查名词。句意是“法语、西班牙语和德语是英国年轻家长们的首选，分别占57%、54%和40%。”‎ ‎3. 答案　being picked 解析　考查动名词的被动语态。after是介词，后跟动名词，由句意知用被动语态。‎ ‎4. 答案　becoming 解析　考查with复合结构。become与逻辑主语the global economy之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词。‎ ‎5. 答案　increasingly 解析　考查副词。句意是“随着全球经济的连接日益紧密，语言技能对于工作和生活来说都正变得越来越重要。”increasingly修饰形容词vital。‎ ‎6. 答案　one 解析　考查数词。根据句意“汉语是对于英国未来繁荣来说最为重要的语言之一。”one of ...意为“……之一”。‎ ‎7. 答案　competitive 解析　考查形容词。remain是系动词，后跟形容词。‎ ‎8. 答案　a 解析　考查冠词。a good grasp of ...“……掌握得很好”。‎ ‎9. 答案　brings 解析　考查时态。 根据上下文用一般现在时。‎ ‎10. 答案　at 解析　考查固定短语。at least“至少”。‎ 语法填空 ‎(2019·甘肃甘谷)Scientists have discovered that __1__(stay) in the cold could help us lose weight. Researchers at the University‎ of ‎California found that exposure to the cold increases levels of a protein that helps form brown fat—the type of fat that produces heat and keeps us warm. Brown fat burns energy, __2__ helps us lose weight. White fat stores extra energy, which results __3__ weight gain. The researchers said that because air conditioning and heating give us constant __4__(comfort) temperatures, our body's need for brown fat has decreased. They found that, “Outdoor workers in northern Finland who __5__(expose) to cold temperature have __6__ significant amount of brown fat when __7__(compare) to same－aged indoor workers.”The research was conducted on two different control groups of mice. __8__ group was injected with the protein that helps create brown fat. This group later gained 30%less weight after both groups were fed high－fat diets. The researchers say this could be good news in the fight against obesity. People who are obese have __9__(low) levels of brown fat than thinner people. Head researcher Hei Sook Sul said, “This protein could become an important target for research into the treatment and prevention of obesity and obesity－related diseases.”She added, “If you can somehow increase levels of this protein, you could __10__(possible) lose more weight even if eating the same amount of food.”‎ 答案与解析 ‎1. 答案　staying 解析　考查动名词。staying in the cold是动名词短语作主语。‎ ‎2. 答案　which 解析　考查定语从句。先行词是前面的句子Brown fat burns energy, which在定语从句中作主语。‎ ‎3. 答案　in 解析　考查介词。result in“导致，引起”。‎ ‎4. 答案　comfortable 解析　考查形容词。句意是“研究人员说，由于空调和取暖给我们带来了持续的舒适温度，我们身体对棕色脂肪的需求减少了。”‎ ‎5. 答案　are exposed 解析　考查短语。be exposed to“暴露于……”。‎ ‎6. 答案　a 解析　考查冠词。have a significant amount of意为“有相当数量的……”。‎ ‎7. 答案　compared 解析　考查短语。compared to“与……比较”。‎ ‎8. 答案　One 解析　考查数词。根据上文可知这里表示的是“其中一组”。‎ ‎9. 答案　lower 解析　考查比较级。根据后文中的than可知用比较级。‎ ‎10. 答案　possibly 解析　考查副词。possibly修饰动词短语lose more weight。‎ 短文改错 ‎(2019·山西省太原市高三年级模拟试题一)‎ As is known to we all，America's national pastime is baseball.It has played in this country since the first settlers arrive.It was a national ball what was liked by many Americans at that time.Although baseball possibly developed from an English game，it is now thought of like an American sport.From the Little League to the Major League，player of all skill levels enjoy testing their power on the “Field of Dreams”．Famous players，exciting music but the standard stadium food of hot dogs，popcorn and peanuts are popularly among Americans.In a fact，Americans make go to the baseball game a favorite summer outing for many Americans nowadays.‎ ‎【答案】‎ As is known to all，America's national pastime is baseball.It has played in this country since the first settlers .It was a national ball was liked by many Americans at that time.Although baseball possibly developed from an English game，it is now thought of an American sport.From the Little League to the Major League， of all skill levels enjoy testing their power on the “Field of Dreams”．Famous players，exciting music the standard stadium food of hot dogs，popcorn and peanuts are among Americans.In fact，Americans make to the baseball game a favorite summer outing for many Americans nowadays.‎ 第一处：we改为us。考查代词。与语境中介词to呼应，故此处用代词的宾格形式us作介词to的宾语。‎ 第二处：has后加been。考查动词语态。主语It指代baseball，和谓语动词play构成被动关系，故在has后加been。‎ 第三处：arrive改为arrived。考查动词时态。since意为“自从”时，从句用一般过去时，主句用一般现在时或现在完成时。‎ 第四处：what改为that/which。考查关系词。that/which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词a national ball。‎ 第五处：like改为as。考查介词。固定搭配think of...as...意为“把……当做……”，符合语境，故用介词as。‎ 第六处：player改为players。考查名词复数。player是可数名词，与语境of all skill levels呼应，故此处用复数形式。‎ 第七处：but改为and。考查连词。根据语境可知，此处表示逻辑上的并列关系，故用连词and。‎ 第八处：popularly改为popular。考查形容词。与语境中are呼应，故用形容词popular作表语。‎ 第九处：删除a。考查固定搭配。固定搭配in fact意为“事实上”，符合语境，故删除a。‎ 第十处：go改为going。考查动名词。此处going to the baseball game是动名词短语作谓语动词make的宾语，符合语境。‎ 短文改错 ‎(2019·河南郑州高中毕业年级第一次质量预测)‎ Last weekend we went for camping in the mountains with our teacher，Anna.When we arrived，we made a camp fire first.Then，Anna taught us to catch fish so that they could have more food to eat that night.I liked the airs there because it was fresh and clean.Many stars were up highly in the sky and the moon looked bright.We all sat around the fire，listening Anna's stories about her childhood.She was born into a poor family or she worked very hard to be successful.I was very touched that I couldn't sleep the whole night，thought about being a teacher in the future.When I get home，I said to my parents，“Everything was great about the camping.I want to be the teacher like Anna in the future.”‎ ‎【答案】‎ Last weekend we went camping in the mountains with our teacher，Anna.When ‎ we arrived，we made a camp fire first.Then，Anna taught us to catch fish so that could have more food to eat that night.I liked the there because it was fresh and clean.Many stars were up in the sky and the moon looked bright.We all sat around the fire，listening Anna's stories about her childhood.She was born into a poor family she worked very hard to be successful.I was touched that I couldn't sleep the whole night， about being a teacher in the future.When I home，I said to my parents，“Everything was great about the camping.I want to be teacher like Anna in the future.”‎ 第一处：删除for。考查固定搭配。go camping表示“野营”，故介词for多余。‎ 第二处：they改为we。考查代词。与上文人称代词we保持一致可如，此处应用we。‎ 第三处：airs改为air。考查名词复数。air在此处表示“空气”，是不可数名词，故没有复数形式。‎ 第四处：highly改为high。考查副词。highly作副词表示抽象概念，high作副词表示具体概念。结合语境可知，星星悬挂在高空中，是一个具体概念，故用high。‎ 第五处：listening后加to。考查介词。根据固定搭配listen to sb./sth.“听某人或某事”可知，应加介词to。‎ 第六处：or改为and/so。考查连词。根据语境可知，上下文表示逻辑上的并列或因果关系，故用and或so。‎ 第七处：very改为so。考查副词。根据固定句型so...that...“如此……以至于”可知，应用副词so。‎ 第八处：thought改为thinking或thought前加and。thought和句子谓语动词之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词。think和句子主语I构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。此处也可以用连词and连接，构成一个并列句。‎ 第九处：get改为got。考查动词时态。由said可知，此处表示过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。‎ 第十处：the改为a。考查冠词。teacher是可数名词，且此处表示“成为一名老师”，表泛指，故用不定冠词。‎