高考一轮复习高考英语语法综合训练16 8页

‎2019年高考一轮复习语法综合训练（十六）‎ 一 语法填空 A 篇 ‎ ‎【2019届普通高等学校高三招生全国统一考试模拟三】‎ Texting while walking is something that most of us are guilty of．We can’t help 42．(reply)to that message we just received．However，while it’s fun to keep up to what’s going on，we may actually put 43． (we)in danger．‎ A team of researchers from UK recently found people 44． use their phones while on the move walk differently．During the research，a group of 21 volunteers 45．(ask)to walk around a street with obstacles(障碍物)such as a step．46． volunteers traveled the course a total of 12 times each，either writing or reading a message，making a call，or with no phone at a11．It took the volunteers 118 percent 47． (1ong)to complete the course while using a phone．They also paid attention to the travel path 51 percent more when they weren’t using a phone．“Although there 48．(be)no accidents，we should still be aware 49．what’s going on around us，”according to Matthew Timmis，co—author of the study．The big risk is suddenly—appearing situations，like someone suddenly walking in front of you．You are not going to be able to respond to that 50． (swift)enough，so you may injure yourself or get injured．In a word，these hidden 51． (danger)of texting while walking should be recognized to avoid injuries．‎ ‎【解析】这篇文章主要讲了行走时发短信会造成危险，并对这一现象进行了试验来证明它的危险性。‎ ‎42．考查固定用法。can’t help doing sth.禁不住做某事，是固定用法，所以填replying。‎ ‎43．考查反身代词。事实上，我们可能把我们自己置于危险的境地。表示“我们自己”，所以填ourselves。‎ ‎44．考查定语从句。___3___ use their phones while on the move walk作定语，修饰people，所以___3___ use their phones while on the move walk是一个定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，指人，所以填who/that。‎ ‎45．考查时态和语态。下文___5___ volunteers traveled the course a total of 12 times each，使用的是一般过去时，所以判断出是发生在过去的事情，这里也应该使用一般过去时。且“志愿者”和“要求”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，综上所述，用一般过去时的被动语态，所以填were asked。‎ ‎46．考查冠词。特指“这些志愿者”，所以用定冠词，填The。‎ ‎47．考查比较级。表示“使用手机时，完成这个历程需要更长时间。”用比较级，所以填longer。‎ ‎48．考查时态和主谓一致。表示发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，且no accidents是复数，所以填were。‎ ‎49．考查固定短语。be aware of知道；意识到，是固定短语，所以填of。‎ ‎50．考查副词。修饰动词短语respond to，用副词，所以填swiftly。‎ ‎51．考查名词。作句子主语，用名词，且表示复数意义，所以填dangers。‎ 名师点睛：小题3考查定语从句。现对定语从句的用法进行总结：‎ ‎1. 定语从句是用一个句子来作定语修饰名词或代词，通常放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后，这种名词或代词叫做先行词。引导定词从句的关联词为关系代词(which , that, who, whom, whose, as)和关系副词(when ,where ,why )‎ ‎，关系代词在定语从句中可用作主语，宾语，定语等，关系副词在定语从句中只是用作状语。eg： (1) The student(先行词) who answered the question(主语) was John. (2)I know the reason(先行词) why he was so angry(状语). ‎ ‎2、使用关系代词还是关系副词是难点 ‎ 在选择关系词时，同学们的误区是：如先行词是时间就用when，如先行词是地点就用where，如是reason就用why，如此推理大错特错。最佳方法还是看关系词在定词从句中所作成分。eg： ‎ This is the place that/which we visited last month. (关系词作宾语，因此用that或which) ‎ I often think of the days that I spent in Browns last summer. (关系词作宾语) ‎ This is the place where he works. (关系词作状语＝in the place，因此用where) ‎ ‎3、当然，除上述情况，定语从句其他一些用法还需在平常学习中多动脑，勤琢磨，注意句子结构，相信你定能攻克此关 ‎ ‎1．定语从句三步：第一找出先行词；第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；第三选择合适的关连词。 ‎ ‎2．定语从句在选择关连词that 与which时，常常容易出错，所以应记住什么时候只能用that，什么时候只能用which. ‎ ‎（1）．只能用 that 的情况归纳4种：即先行词被序数词最高级修饰过；先行词为all 、everything、nothing等不定代词；先行词同时是人和物并列时；最后先行词分别被the only 、the very the same、the last 修饰。请看下列例句，注意其先行词： ‎ ‎①．The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan. ‎ ‎②It almost seemed as if the good man were trying to teach us all that he knew at this lesson . ‎ ‎③．This is the very dictionary that I want to find. ‎ ‎（2）．只用which 情况有两种情况：一是非限制性定语从句，关连词要用which；二是做介词宾语时只能用which。请看下列两组例句： ‎ ‎ I said nothing, which made him more angry. ‎ ‎ I have the book about which you are talking. ‎ 定语从句经常考查关系代词及关系副词的选择，其区别： ‎ 关系代词引导定语从句时，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语等。 ‎ 如：This is the house which I visited. ‎ 由于从句中的visited为visit“参观”，及物动词，后面缺少宾语，且the house与visit为动宾关系，故此处只能填which或that作visited的宾语，且在非正式用法中还可省去，而不可填关系副词where，因为关系副词when, where, why引导定语从句，且在从句中时间、地点、原因等状语。如： ‎ This is the house where I worked two years ago. ‎ 我们知道worked作“工作”意义时，为不及物动词，故后面不可跟地点名词作宾语，明显，the house与worked为地点/方位关系，故选关系副词where作地点状语，当然，若worked后加in，则前面which或that作其宾语。 ‎ 当然非限制性定语从句也是考查的重点，as与which的区别： ‎ as在从句中位置较灵活，可以置于句首、句中或句尾，常译成“正象…那样”，如： ‎ As we all know, he studies very hard. ‎ 而which可以代替全句，但只能置于主句后，而且不含有“正如/像…那样”，如： ‎ She painted these walls white, which satisfied everyone. which通常译为“这一点”。 ‎ as常用于下列问题中，如： ‎ as you say；as we (all) know；as is known to all；as is said above；as is reported；as is already mentioned above B篇 ‎【2019届普通高等学校衡水金卷调研卷统一考试（二模）】‎ The world-known Silk Road across the Eurasian Continent is a friendship bridge 41． (link) the Europe and Asian people. It is one of the most important theme tourist routes in the world and the most 42． (value) tourist product in China. From the time Zhang Qian 43． (open) up the world-famous Silk Road during the Han Dynasty, until the collapse of the Yuan Dynasty, it enjoyed 44． history of about 1,600 years.‎ Silk Road with 45． (it) 2,000 years history has witnessed the historical changes and the progress of cultures 46． (exchange) between China and the Western countries. The section in China, many ethnic cultures 47． (include), is also as a jade belt. The peoples of these ethnic groups such as Mongolians, Huis, Uygurs, Hazaks have maintained their unique traditions and cultures, living habits and religious beliefs,48． from the soul of the Silk Road and attract many tourists to visit. In fact,49． the Silk Road in the northwest of China, there are another two trade roads in the southwest of China and by sea, which also contribute 50． (great) to the development of the world. They are called the “Southern Silk Road” and the “Silk Road on the Sea”.‎ ‎【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了世界著名的丝绸之路的历史和它的重要性。文章还提到了另外两条极大地促进世界发展的贸易之路：南部丝绸之路和海上丝绸之路。‎ ‎41．考查非谓语从句。“____1____ (link) the Europe and Asian people”作定语修饰bridge，bridge与link是主动关系，用现在分词表示主动关系。故填linking。‎ ‎42．考查形容词。修饰名词用形容词形式。value“重视”是动词，其形容词形式为valuable。故填valuable。‎ ‎43．考查动词的时态。根据时间状语during the Han Dynasty可知，句子使用一般过去时，且主语ZhangQian与谓语从句open是主动关系。故填opened。‎ ‎44．考查冠词。a history of表示“……的历史”。句意：它享有大约1600多年的历史。故填a。‎ ‎45．考查代词。句意：拥有2019多年历史的丝绸之路见证了历史的变化和中国与西方国家文化交流的发展。此处指“丝绸之路的历史”作定语用形容词性物主代词。故填its。‎ ‎46．考查名词的复数。cultures exchanges“文化交流”exchange是可数名词，根据语境可知，此处指中国和其它国家之间的交流，用复数。故填exchanges。‎ ‎47．考查非谓语动词，include作定语，其逻辑主语cultures与include 是被动关系，用过去分词表示被动关系。故填included。‎ ‎48．考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子成分可知，“_8____ from the soul of the Silk Road and attract many tourists to visit”是定语从句，先行词是their unique traditions and cultures, living habits and religious beliefs，指物，引导非限制性定语从句 ，从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。‎ ‎49．考查介词。根据语境可知，此处句意为：实际上，除了中国西北的丝绸之路，在中国的西南有另外两条贸易路线……。besides表示：除……之外（还有……），符合语境。故填besides。‎ ‎50．考查副词。修饰谓语动词contribute用副词作状语。great是形容词，其副词形式是greatly。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 语法填空要求结合文章内容填出单词的适当形式，因此解题前必须通读全文，对文章内容有一个整体的了解，从而获取文章的基本结构、体裁、主题以及所使用的相关的时态和语态。通读后再复读，边读边填空。‎ 填词时注意所填词的词性。如果是动词，需要根据其在句中的意思确定正确的时态、语态及非谓语动词形式。比如文章第第1小题考查现在分词，此处是现在分词作定语，意思是“连接亚洲人民和欧洲人民的桥梁”，bridge与link是主动关系，故用现在分词linking。第3小题，考查动词的时态。open是谓语动词，根据时间状语during the Han Dynasty可推断，句子用一般过去时，主语Zhang Qian与open是主动关系，故填opened。‎ C篇 ‎【2019届普通高等学校衡水金卷调研卷统一考试（四模）】‎ Once there was a cowboy, Niulang, 41． lived with his elder brother and sister-in-law. But she disliked and abused him, and the boy was forced 42． (leave) home with only an old cow for company.‎ The cow, however, was a former god who had broken royal rules and 43． (send) to earth in bovine（牛的）form.‎ One day the cow led Niulang 44． a lake where fairies took a bath on earth. Among them was Zhinu, 45． most beautiful fairy and a skilled woman tailor.‎ The two fell in love at first sight and were soon married. They had a son and a daughter and their happy life was held up as an example for hundreds of 46． (year) in China. Yet in the eyes of the Jade Emperor, the Supreme Deity in Taoism, marriage between a mortal and fairy was 47． (strict) forbidden. He ordered the heaven troop to catch Zhinu back.‎ Niulang grew desperate when he discovered Zhinu had been taken back to heaven. 48． (drive) by Niulang’s misery, the cow told him to turn its hide into a pair of shoes after it died. The magic shoes whisked（匆匆带走）Niulang, 49． (carry) his two children in baskets strung from a shoulder pole, off on a chase after the empress. Even the Jade Emperor was touched, and allowed Niulang and Zhinu to meet once a year on the 50． (seven) night of the seventh month.‎ ‎【解析】本文主要讲了牛郎和织女的故事。‎ ‎41．考查关系代词。定语从句，先行词是Niulang（牛郎），从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词who引导该定语从句，故填who.‎ ‎42．考查不定式。固定用法：force sb. to do sth.（迫使某人做某事），虽然在被动语态中，仍然要接不定式，故填to leave.‎ ‎43．考查时态语态。根据句意：它以牛的样子被送到地球上。应该用被动语态；这又是发生过的事情，所以用一般过去时的被动语态：was/were done；而主语是who，指代前边的a former god，是单数，故填was sent.‎ ‎44．考查介词。句意：有一天，牛领着牛郎来到仙女们在地球上洗澡的湖那里。固定搭配：lead…to…（领着……到……），故填to.‎ ‎45．考查冠词。形容词最高级前用定冠词the，故填the.‎ ‎46．考查名词。名词year是可数名词，前边有“hundreds of”修饰，所以要用复数形式，故填years.‎ ‎47．考查副词。此处用副词strictly（严格地）作状语，修饰谓语动词，故填strictly.‎ ‎48．考查过去分词。用过去分词Drive（受到……的驱使/感动）作原因状语，与这句话的主语the cow是被动关系，故填Driven.‎ ‎49．考查现在分词。用现在分词carrying（携带着）作伴随状语，与这句话的主语The magic shoes是主动关系，故填carrying.‎ ‎50．考查数词。此处是指“第七天”，所以要用序数词，故填seventh.‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 语法填空题要求结合文章内容填出单词，所填单词往往与文章的内容息息相关，因而解题前必须通读全文，对全文内容有一个整体的了解，从中获取文章的基本结构、体裁、主题及所使用的语态等信息。通读后再复读，边读边填词。‎ 填词时应注意所填词的词性，如果是动词，需根据其在句中的意思确定其正确的时态、语态及非谓语动词形式。注意一定要分清是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。例如第3题考查时态语态。根据句意：它以牛的样子被送到地球上。应该用被动语态；这又是发生过的事情，所以用一般过去时的被动语态：was/were done；而主语是who，指代前边的a former god，是单数，故填was sent. 而第8题考查过去分词。用过去分词Drive（受到……的驱使/感动）作原因状语，它与这句话的主语the cow是被动关系，故填Driven.‎ 如果是名词应注意其单复数、所有格的变化。例如第6小题考查名词。名词year是可数名词，前边有“hundreds of”修饰，所以要用复数形式，故填years.‎ 如果是代词应注意其主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词、反身代词等的变化。‎ 如果是形容词、副词应注意其等级的变化及两者之间的转化。例如第7小题考查副词。此处用副词strictly（严格地）作状语，修饰谓语动词，故填strictly.‎ ‎ 如果考查某些语法内容及特殊句式，要牢记语法规则，认真分析。例如第2题考查不定式。固定用法：force sb. to do sth.（迫使某人做某事），虽然在被动语态中，仍然要接不定式，故填to leave.‎ 二 短文改错 A篇 ‎【2019届普通高等学校高三招生全国统一考试模拟三】‎ Last Friday，our class have a discussion about which to do during the coming holiday．Some are in favor of staying at home．They think it’s both convenience and comfortable．Beside，they can save money for other purpose．But they will lose ‎ the chance of getting to know outside world．Others，on the other hand，would rather to go traveling since it can increase our knowledge．Therefore，they will spend more money and meet some difficulties while traveling．‎ Personally，I’d like to stay at home，for I can do whatever I like，such as reading books，watching TV，or helping my parents on the housework．‎ ‎【解析】本文主要讲了上周五，作者的班级讨论即将到来的假期做什么。有的同学倾向于待在家里，而有的同学想去旅游，作者更愿意待在家里。‎ 考查时态。由时间状语Last Friday，判断出是发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，所以have改成had。‎ 考查语义理解。我们班级讨论即将到来的假期做什么。表示“什么”，所以which改成what。‎ 考查形容词。作be动词后的表语，用形容词，所以convenience改成convenient。‎ 考查副词。句意为此外，他们还可以为其他的用途省钱。表示“此外”，所以Beside改成 Besides。‎ 考查名词单复数。被other修饰，所以用名词复数，purpose改成 purposes。‎ 考查冠词。特指“外面的世界”，所以用定冠词the。‎ 考查固定句型。would rather do宁愿…，是固定句型，所以删去to。‎ 考查代词。句意为另一方面，其他人愿意外出旅游，因为可以增长他们的知识。表示“他们的”，所以our改成their。‎ 考查副词。然而，他们将会花费更多的钱，并且在旅行中遇到一些困难。表示“然而”，所以Therefore改成However。‎ 考查固定句型。help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事，是固定句型，所以on改成with。‎ 名师点睛：小题7考查would rather的用法。现对would rather的用法进行总结：would rather 后直接接动词原形。例如： I would rather go tomorrow than today. 我宁愿明天去，不愿今天去。 I would rather have a cup of tea.我宁愿喝茶。would rather后面接从句时要用虚拟语气.表示现在或将来时,从句的谓语动词用一般过去时;若从句中表示过去,动词用过去完成时.例如: They would rather I went there tomorrow.他们宁愿我明天去那里. I would rather that you hadn't gone to the cinema yesterday evening.要是你昨晚没去看电影就好了. 表示"宁可干……而不干……"要用句型would rather do sth. than do sth..例如: I'd rather stay at home than go out.我宁可呆在家里也不出去. 注:若than前后动词相同,则可省略than后面的动词,只保留与than前面不同的成分.例如: I'd rather read a novel than a poem.我宁愿看小说而不愿朗读诗歌.‎ B篇 ‎【2019届普通高等学校衡水金卷调研卷统一考试（二模）】‎ Ten years ago, I was lucky enough to have an opportunity to study in England as a international student. I went to one of the most famous school there. On the first day, I was such nervous that I felt my heart beaten wildly. I was afraid to express to myself, because I have never communicated with strangers in English before. Therefore, my teacher said I had to introduce me in front of the class. As soon as the first word flew out my mouth, I felt relaxing immediately. I was happy I finally made it. It’s a special day, which I will never forget.‎ ‎【解析】试题分析：本文讲述了作者在英国学习的时候第一天在全班面前用英语介绍自己的经历。‎ 考查冠词。international是以元音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词an。故将a改为an。‎ 考查名词。“one of+名词复数”是固定短语 ，表示“……之一”。故将school改为schools。‎ 考查副词。such是形容词，修饰名词，nervous是形容词，修饰形容词用副词so。so…that…“如此……以至于……”是固定搭配。故将such改为so。‎ 考查非谓语动词。feel接复合宾语，beat作宾语补足语，与宾语my heart是主动关系，用现在分词表示主动关系。故将beaten改为beating。‎ 考查介词。express oneself“表达自己”，express是及物动词，接宾语无需加介词。故去掉myself前的to。‎ 考查动词的时态。句意：我害怕表达自己，因为我以前从来没有与陌生人用英语交流过。根据时间状语before可知，“communicate”这一动作发生在“was afraid”之前，因此推断表示“过去的过去”发生的动作，用过去完成时，用had+过去分词。故将have改为had。‎ 考查副词。句意：我害怕表达自己，因为我以前从来没有与陌生人用英语交流过。然而我的老师说我必须在全班面前介绍自己。前后文是转折关系，不是因果关系。故将Therefore改为However。‎ 考查代词。主语和宾语表示同一事物，宾语用反身代词。故将me改为myself。‎ 考查介词。out of“从……中出来”，句意：第一个词一从我嘴里出来，我立即感动很放松。结合句意，故在out后加of。‎ 考查形容词。relaxing表示被修饰语的特征，意思是“令人放松的”；relaxed表示被修饰语的感受，意思是“感 动放松的”。此处表示“我感动放松的”。故将relaxing改为relaxed。‎ C篇 ‎【2019届普通高等学校衡水金卷调研卷统一考试（四模）】‎ After visited the Beijing Normal School, Madame Peng took Sasha and Malia, my mother, and me the Forbidden City, which is located right in the heart of Beijing. As a name suggests, the Forbidden City is larger enough to be a city of its own – it includes nearly 1,000 building and nearly 10,000 rooms. In 1925, the Forbidden City was turning into a museum so much that visitors like us from all over the world can stroll through many of the beautiful rooms and outdoor space. The Forbidden City is far very large to fully experience in a single visit.‎ While we love our visit to the Forbidden City, we only wish we have more time to see everything. And again, I’m not sure whether there could ever be enough time to fully appreciate all of the art and history within this extraordinary place.‎ ‎【解析】本文主要介绍了作者参观紫禁城的经历。‎ ‎1.考查动名词。After是介词，后边要接名词或动名词，故将visited改为visiting.‎ ‎2.考查介词。句意：彭女士带着Sasha，Malia，妈妈和我去了紫禁城。固定搭配：take sb. to （带某人到哪里），故加to.‎ ‎3.考查冠词。此处特指“紫禁城”这个名字，所以要用定冠词the，故将a改为the.‎ ‎4.考查形容词。句意：紫禁城足够大，自己就是一座城。没有比较之意，所以large要用原级，故将larger改为 large.‎ ‎5.考查名词。名词building（建筑物）是可数名词，此处有1000多座建筑物，所以要用复数形式，故将building改为buildings.‎ ‎6.考查动词。此处说的是“紫禁城被变成了博物馆”，故用被动语态：be done，故将turning改为turned.‎ ‎7.考查副词。句意：在1925年，紫禁城被变成了博物馆，以便于像我这样的游客可以参观它的很多美丽的房间。此句是由so that引导的目的状语从句，much多余，故将much去掉.‎ ‎8.考查副词。句意：紫禁城太大了而不能在一天里全部参观完。固定搭配：too…to…（太……而不能……），故将very改为too.‎ ‎9.考查动词。动词wish后所接句子要用虚拟语气，本句说的是现在的事情，要用一般过去时态，故将have改为had.‎ ‎10.考查连词。上文说“希望我足够的时间去参观它”而下文又说“不太确定是否有时间去参观它”，所以前事是转折关系，故将And改为But.‎