浙江高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题讲解及选练含答案 10页

浙江 2017 高考英语阅读理解【主旨大意题】讲解及选练（含答案） 高考英语阅读理解常考点分析 阅读理解试题常采用以下四种题型： 1. 考查考生快速捕捉信息、处理信息的能力 (细节理解题)； 2. 考查考生对某个词或词语的理解能力 (词义猜测题) ； 3. 考查考生对文章主旨大意或段落大意的概括能力 (主旨大意题)； 4. 考查考生对文章的隐含意义、延伸意义的推理判断能力 (推理判断题)。 【主旨大意题】 主旨大意题要求考生对全文的内容或某一段或某几段的内容加以合理的归纳，目的是检 查对短文整体或某一或某几个段落的理解概括能力。它可以是文章或段落中心的陈述，也可 以是文章标题的选择。有些文章尤其是说明文和议论文，往往有主题句表明中心思想。但有 些文章，比如记叙文往往没有明确的主题句，需要考生在认真体会，明确作者的意图的基础 上来概括文章的中心。 【备考策略】 1. 注意主题段落和主题句的位置，特别是文章首段和结尾或段首和段尾； 2. 注意提炼文章的关键词，文章的关键词有时候会出现在正确选项中。 【干扰项特点】 1. 以偏概全。干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息。 2. 主题扩大。干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所讨论的内容。 3. 张冠李戴。命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B的身上，构成一个干扰项。 4. 断章取义。干扰项常常以文章中的个别信息作为选项的设置内容，或者以次要的事实 或细节冒充全文的主要观点。 【真题回放】 A medium, in advertising talk, is the way you communicate your message. You might say that the first medium used in advertising was signs with symbols. The second medium was audio, or sound, although that term is not used exactly in the way we use it today. Originally, just the human voice and maybe some kind of simple instrument, such as a bell, were used to get people’s attention A crier, in the historical sense, is not someone who weeps easily. It is someone, probably a man, with a voice loud enough to be heard over the other noises of city. In ancient Egypt, shopkeepers might hire such a person to spread the news about their products. Often this earliest form of advertising involved a newly arrived ship loaded with goods. Perhaps the crier described the goods, explained where they came from, and praised their quality. His job was, in other words, not too different from a TV or radio commercial in today’s world.（2013 浙江卷阅读理解A篇） 45. The last two paragraphs are mainly about . A. the history of advertising B. the benefits of advertising C. the early forms of advertising D. the basic design of advertising 45. C。这两段就是文章的最后两段。这两段介绍了除了signs with symbols，当时人们还 用sound的方式来做广告，所以这两段的主要内容是各种各样的广告形式。 【冲向高考】 阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C 和 D) 中, 选出最佳选项。 (2013·东北三省三校第二次联考，C) UGG boots have been a winterweather fashion for several years now, combining function, comfort, warmth and even some style. What many UGGenthusiasts don't know is that their boots are a breeding ground for bacteria and cause foot problems. Doctors believe the boots, which are particularly popular among young teenage girls, are leading to a rise in the number of people suffering pains in their feet and knees. Dr. Ian Drysdale, head of the British College of Osteopathic Medicine, believes because the foot does not get the proper support on the inside, it will lead to more ankle, knee, hip and back problems. “These boots are not designed for outside wear. Just because something becomes a trend or fashionable doesn't mean it's good or right，” he said. “The particular problem with this type of footwear is that it is unsupported. It's a slipper. You wouldn't normally expect to be doing outdoor activities from something that's indoor. If you decide to wear your pajamas outside all the time, someone will come up and say it's not a good idea.” Dr. Drysdale explained that the feet issues become a particular problem among young teenage girls, whose bones are “plastic” and developing when they are growing. “If that structure is developing in an inappropriate way，” he said，“then the ultimate structure will be deformed.” Mike O'Neill, a consultant surgeon, said，“As the foot slides around, you get wear and tear (磨损) on the joints on the inside of the foot. The ankle is in the wrong position, the thigh bone also changes position, and you get an abnormal movement in the pelvis, which leads to back problems.” UGG Australia, who makes the designer version of the boots, told The Daily Wirror that their boots are “comfort” rather than “performance” footwear and consumers should be aware of “knockoffs (仿制品)” which lack reinforced heels in their boots. 文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了雪地靴因它的时尚、舒适、保暖等特性而备受年轻 女孩的青睐。但研究人员发现，在它时尚的外观背后，隐藏着一些不为人知的健康隐患。 1．Teenage girls prefer to wear UGG boots because of the following EXCEPT ________. A．design 　　B．comfort C．quality D．warmth 答案：C　细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句“... combining function, comfort, warmth and even some style.”可知，A、B、D 三项都是年轻女孩喜欢雪地靴的原因。故 C 项正确。 2．According to Dr. Ian Drysdale, ________. A．there is a possibility that bacteria will multiply in UGG boots B．wearing UGG boots will lead to more ankle and toe problems C．it's not a good idea to wear boots like UGG outside all the time D．teenage girls' bones are plastic enough to wear UGG boots 答案：C　细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“‘These boots are not designed for outside wear. Just because something becomes a trend or fashionable doesn't mean it's good or right，’ he said. ‘The particular problem with this type of footwear is that it is unsupported.’”可知，C 项正确。 3．The underlined word “deformed” is closest in meaning to ________. A．shaped B．strengthened C．reformed D．damaged 答案：D　词义猜测题。由语境可知，年轻女孩子的骨头正在发育，具有一定的可塑性。如果 骨骼结构以一种不合适的方式发育的话，骨骼就会损伤，发生变形。shaped 合适的，有计划的； strengthened 使加强的；reformed 革新的；damaged 损伤的，毁坏的。此处与倒数第二段中“back problems”相照应。故 D 项正确。 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Potential Harm of UGG Boots B．The Popularity of UGG Boots C．The Unique Design of UGG Boots D．Benefits of UGG Boots 答案：A　标题概括题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了雪地靴对年轻女孩生长发育过程中所 造成的潜在危害。故 A 项正确。 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中(A、B、C 和 D)中，选出最佳选项。 (2015·南昌市十所省重点中学二模) Below are the best four applications to help you organize your closet(橱柜)—and trust us, there really is something for everyone. Closet If you're looking to create your own digital closet, then this app is for you. Closet helps you categorize your outfits and keeps you up­to­date on what you've already worn. PROS: Very simple and user­friendly. Great for helping you look at your own closet without feeling overwhelmed. CONS: No social interactions. This app is strictly for having a mobile version of your closet. Pose The app makes things insanely easy for the indecisive shopper. So if you're debating whether or not to buy something, you can get a second opinion. The app also gathers photos of items that you wish to buy and items you already own, so they are all in one spot. PROS: When you sign up, you fill out a short survey that helps identify your personal style and subsequently finds people with similar taste that you can follow for inspiration. CONS: The phone application is more visually appealing than the actual website. Stylitics It allows you to categorize your clothes by color, brand, pattern and more. And if you're wondering whether you have already worn an outfit, simply check your style calendar. PROS: The app comes with a “Today in Fashion History” tip so you can brush up on your style knowledge. CONS: You can't view your style profile using the app yet unless you log on to the site. Walk in My Closet If you're browsing the Internet, looking for something to buy, you can instantly add the item to your virtual closet so that your wish list items are all in one place. Besides sharing your closet with other users, you can also sell items you no longer want. PROS: The “Moodboard” is a great way to gather inspiring looks that you like from other users and fashion experts. CONS: The luggage feature, which allows you to prepare outfits for an upcoming trip, is only available on the site; it would be useful if it were on the app. 文章大意：本文讲述四个流行的应用程序来帮你组织你的橱柜。 1．Which of the following can replace the underlined word? A．Instantly. B．Accurately. C．Deliberately. D．Incredibly. 答案：D　词义猜测题。根据 Pose 中提到 So if you're debating whether or not to buy something, you can get a second opinion. The app also gathers photos of items that you wish to buy and items you already own, so they are all in one spot.如果你不知道是否要买，这个 app 可能收集你想要买 的东西的照片，即时的浏览，故 app 让没有主见的消费者购物变得非常的简单，故选 D 项。 2．Which of the following is designed for people who often hesitate when buying clothes? A．Closet. B．Pose. C．Stylitics. D．Walk in My Closet. 答案：B　推理判断题。根据 Pose 提到的 The app makes things insanely easy for the indecisive shopper 可知 app 让那些优柔寡断的消费者买东西变得更加简单，故选 B 项。 3．What can we learn about Walk in My Closet from the passage? A．It is a simple and user­friendly app. B．It helps you confirm your personal style. C．It combines both shopping and organizing your closet. D．It requires you to log on the site to view your style profile. 答案：C　细节理解题。根据 Walk in My Closet 提到的 If you're browsing the Internet, looking for something to buy, you can instantly add the item to your virtual closet so that your wish list items are all in one place 如果你浏览网页时，看到想买的东西，你可以把它加入到你的虚拟衣柜，故可 知选 C 项。 4．The passage mainly tells us ________. A．about the four best fashion apps to help organize your closet B．how to use these fashion apps C．that everyone can find their own personal style D．that we should share our closet with friends 答案：A　主旨大意题。本文讲述四个流行的应用程序来帮你组织你的橱柜，故选 A 项。 （2015 模拟题） Horton At first glance，there is little in Horton to attract people.The other nearby towns have much more to offer：Bradfield has its river and historic buildings，while Newtown has shops and entertainment.The buildings of Horton look dirty and unloved.For shops，there is a small supermarket，a few bargain shops，a bakery which，strangely，does not sell bread and a florist which has one stand of sad­looking flowers.Even so，Horton has several advantages over its neighbouring towns. Firstly，it has a country park.Four thousand years ago，this was an important fort.There are no historic remains here now，but there are wonderful views over the countryside.On sunny weekends you can often see kids out with their parents，kicking balls or flying kites. There aren’t many job opportunities in Horton，and the roads to nearby cities aren’t really fast， but there are excellent rail links.You can be in London in an hour and a half，and other cities are less than an hour away.That means that parents can earn a good salary and still get home in time to spend the evenings with their families.Houses in Horton aren’t pretty，but they’re functional and cheap.The streets are quiet and safe，and there are plenty of parks and playgrounds.It has a library，three primary schools and a secondary school，St.Mark’s.It is friendly and offers a wide range of subjects and activities to children of all abilities and backgrounds.The town also has a swimming and a sports centre，and the community halls hold regular clubs and events for people of all ages. 1.What is the writer’s main purpose? A.To explain what tourists can do in Horton. B.To explain why Horton is a good place to live in. C.To explain why Horton is not as pleasant as other towns. D.To describe the history of Horton. 答案　B 解析　写作意图题。通读全文，并根据文章第一段最后一句“Even so，Horton has several advantages over its neighbouring towns.”和第三段对该地方的介绍说明作者想说的就是 Horton 这个地方适于居住。故选 B。 2.Which part of Horton does the writer find disappointing? A.The shops. B.Country park. C.Transport links. D.The schools. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第一段对该镇商店的描述“For shops，there is a small supermarket，a few bargain shops，a bakery which，strangely，does not sell bread and a florist which has one stand of sad­looking flowers.”可知这里的商店让人失望。故选 A。 3.Which of the following is NOT the advantage of Horton? A.Plenty of parks and playgrounds. B.Historical buildings. C.The quiet and safe streets. D.Functional and cheap houses. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段的“Houses in Horton aren’t pretty，but they’re functional and cheap.The streets are quiet and safe，and there are plenty of parks and playgrounds.”排除 A、C、D 三项；只有 B 不是 Horton 的优势。故选 B。 4.What advantages does Horton bring to workers? A.There are plenty of jobs available in the town. B.You can drive to nearby cities in a short time. C.You can get to several cities quickly by train. D.Working conditions are better here than in other towns. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第三段的“You can be in London in an hour and a half，and other cities are less than an hour away.That means that parents can earn a good salary and still get home in time to spend the evenings with their families.”可知住在这里的工人们能够坐火车很快地到达附 近的城市。故选 C。 阅读下面短文，选择最佳答案填空。D Try rubbing(摩擦) the tip of your finger backwards and forwards very quickly on your coat or a blanket. It should become hot. In cold weather we sometimes rub our hands together to make them warm. The rubbing of two together which causes heat is called “friction”(摩擦力). In the same way, people who lived in caves rubbed a piece of wood shaped like a pencil on another piece of wood with dried leaves or grass packed nearby. The heat set the leaves or grass alight. This was a difficult way of making fire. Better ways were found by using flint(火石), but it was not until 1827 that the first matches were made in England. Chemists made up a mixture and put it on an end of a stick or match. The mixture contained a small amount of phosphorous(磷), a chemical that bursts into flame when heated slightly. The other chemicals then caught fire and burned less fiercely until the wood was alight. By rubbing the end of the match on sandpaper, the friction easily set the phosphorous alight. These first matches could also be struck on other rough surfaces, including the leather sole（底）of a shoe. At the time, everyone thought this was a wonderful invention. Unfortunately accidents happened. A whole box of matches would suddenly catch fire if it was heated. Imagine this happening to someone warming themselves by a fire with a box of matches in his or her pocket! Even loose matches in a handbag or pocket could rub together and catch fire. What was needed was a match that would only light if struck on a special surface. In 1852, the safety match was invented in Sweden. No phosphorous was used in the matchhead—it was put on the outside of the matchbox instead. This made it impossible for the match to light unless it was rubbed along the box on the special surface which contained sandpaper mixed with a little phosphorous. 1. Why did people use dried leaves or grass to pack another piece of wood? A. The leaves or grass is easy to be alight. B. The leaves or grass covered the wood well. C. The leaves or grass help the air cause heat. D. The leaves or grass acted as the role of match . 2、What did the chemists make the match of in 1827? A. Leather sole, sandpaper and leaves. B. Wood, leather sole and sandpaper. C. Phosphorous, wood and sandpaper. D. Phosphorous, sandpaper and flint. 3. If a match was struck on a special surface, we could see_____. A. loose matches could catch fire fiercely B. phosphorous wasn’t needed in the match C. there were matches and sandpaper in pockets. D. loose matches in pockets wouldn’t catch fire at a time. 参考答案 1—3、ACD （2015 模拟题） Norm Pethrick，a 36­year­old man in Australia’s northern city Darwin，was praised on Thursday for jumping onto a crocodile’s back to save his wife Wendy at Litchfield National Park，a popular tourist spot southwest of Darwin，a local newspaper reported. Mrs Pethrick was standing on a river bank Wednesday afternoon when the saltwater crocodile lunged (扑)，locking its jaws on both her legs as it tried to drag her underwater.Norm Pethrick，who with his wife had been collecting water，immediately went to help her.He jumped onto the back， poked (戳) the eyes of the crocodile and finally got his wife free. Mrs Pethrick was later taken to Royal Darwin Hospital for a medical treatment.The doctors said she was suffering eight puncture wounds (伤口) in her right leg，a puncture wound in her left leg and a serious cut to one of her fingers. “This could have been a fatal and tragic situation，” said the general manager of Royal Darwin Hospital (RDH)，Dr Len Notaras，according to a local report. He said Mrs Pethrick was saved by her husband’s “quick and diligent actions”. Dr Notaras also said she would remain in hospital for three to four days and have an operation to clean the wounds，which are easy to get infected because of bacteria (细菌) on the teeth of the crocodile. 1.This passage is most likely to be found in . A.a travel guide B.a newspaper C.a textbook D.a novel 答案　B 解析　文章出处题。根据第一段中的“a local newspaper reported”可知，这是一篇新闻报道。 故选 B。 2.The crocodile attacked Mrs Pethrick when she was . A.swimming in the river B.standing on the river bank C.watching the crocodile D.fishing in the water 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Mrs Pethrick was standing on a river bank Wednesday afternoon when the saltwater crocodile lunged(扑)...”，可知鳄鱼袭击 Mrs Pethrick 时，她正站在 河边。故选 B。 3.Which of the following statements is TRUE about Mrs Pethrick? A.Her eyes were badly poked. B.She had eight wounds altogether. C.One of her fingers also got hurt. D.One of the crocodile’s teeth was found in her leg. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“The doctors said she was suffering eight puncture wounds(伤口) in her right leg，a puncture wound in her left leg and a serious cut to one of her fingers.”可知，她右腿有 8 处伤口，左腿有一处伤，还有一个手指受伤严重。故选 C。 4.According to the passage，Norm Pethrick can be described as following EXCEPT . A.brave B.diligent C.quick D.humorous 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段和倒数第二段可知，Pethrick 从鳄鱼口中救下妻子表明他反 应迅速，机智勇敢。故选 D。