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强调句专题
强调句型的基本结构是：It is/was + 被强调部分(主语、宾语、宾语补足语或状语等) + that/who +句子的其余部分。
一、连接词。一般说来，如果被强调部分是人时，用连词that或who；被强调的部分是宾语，指人时也可以用whom；如果被强调部分是物，只能用连词that。
It was John and Mike who/that saw Mary in the street last night.
It is Mary whom/ who he often helps .
It was in the street that I met him yesterday.
二、时态。如果原句中谓语动词使用的是现在范畴的时态(一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成/现在完成进行时、一般将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时等)，用It is...that...。如果原句中谓语动词为过去范畴的时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等)，则用It was...that...。如：
Mary met an old beggar in the street yesterday.
It was Mary who/that met an old beggar in the street yesterday. (强调主语)
It was an old beggar whom/that Mary met in the street yesterday. (强调宾语)
It was yesterday that Mary met an old beggar in the street. (强调时间状语)
It was in the street that Mary met an old beggar yesterday. (强调地点状语)
有时，be前可使用表示推测的情态动词。如：
It must be Peter who has let this secret out.一定是彼得将这个秘密泄露出去的。
It might be last night that they did their homework.他们也许是昨晚做完作业的。
三、 强调含有not until的句子。在强调not until句型时，not 位于until从句前，主句谓语动词作相应变化，即it is(was)+not until从句+that +其它。
It was not until he had finished the work that he went home.
It was not until 12 o’clock last night that my brother came home.
四、强调句的疑问句。强调结构的疑问形式：强调一般疑问句中的某一成分时，要在主句中用一般疑问句的顺序。例如：
Was it you that/who broke the window ?
Was it in the war that he lost his son ?
强调特殊疑问句中的疑问词，其结构模式是：“疑问词+ is/was + it +that...”。它同感叹句的强调模式极其相似，首先将疑问句开头的部分作为强调部分，套入强调结构，然后再将其变为疑问句。例如：
1. Where were you born? → Where was it that you were born?
2. What did you want to see? → What was it that you wanted to see?
3. How many people are being trained for the special work? → How many people is it that are being trained for the special work ?。
五、强调句型中的主谓一致。被强调的成分为原句的主语时，that/who之后的谓语动词应与被强调的名词或代词在人称和数方面保持一致关系，从而选用恰当的动词形式。例如：
It is you who/that are wrong.
It is I who/that am answering the question.
但是如果被强调的部分是人称代词，按理应用人称代词主格形式，但在口语或非正式文体中也可以用其宾格形式，此时that/who的谓语动词要用单数第三人称形式is或was。例如：
It is me who is being asked the favor.
另在It is/was..., not...that...句型中，其谓语动词应与肯定部分的词保持一致关系。例如：
It is my brother, not I that studies in that school.
It is you, not your sister that are in charge of the company.
六、感叹句的强调结构，既要体现强调句型的形式特征，又要体现感叹句的自然语序。例如：
1. How happy he looks! → How happy it is that he looks!
2. What a clever boy he is! → What a clever boy it is that he is!
七、强调句型的鉴别方法及相似句型的辨析
强调句型极易与定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句等相关句型混淆，判断的方法是：强调句型中去掉It is/was…that剩下的部分在语法和意义上仍然是一个完整的句子。如：It was yesterday that I met him. 去掉句中的It was …that 该句为：Yesterday I met him. 句意和语法都非常正确，说明这是一个强调句。而其他句型则不行。
[典例展示]
1. It is the ability to do the job________ matters not where you come from or what you are. （2000全国卷）
A. one B. that C. what D. it
2. David said that it was because of his strong interest in literature _______ he chose the course.（2006上海春季）
A. that B. what C. why D. how
3. It is these poisonous products _______ can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles. （2003上海卷）
A .who B. that C .how D .what
4. Why! I have nothing to confess. _______ you want me to say? （2004上海卷）
A. What is it that B. What it is that C. How is it that D. How it is that
5. It was with great joy _______ he received the news that his lost daughter had been found. （2004 福建卷)
A because B which C since D that
6. An awful accident _______, however, occur the other day. (2000上海卷)
A. does B. did C. has to D. had to
7. It was not until she got home _______ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.（2006全国II卷）
A. when B. that C. where D. before
8. It was_______ black home after the experiment. (2004湖北卷)
A. not until midnight did he go B. until midnight that he didn’t go
C. not until midnight that he went D. until midnight when he didn’t go
9. —________that he managed to get the information?
—Oh, a friend of his helped him. （2005山东卷）
A. Where was it B. What was it C. How was it D. Why was it
10.1) It was 20 years ago ________ the two friends met in Viet Nam.
2) It will be 20 years ________ they meet in Viet Nam.
3) It is 20 years ________ he came to live here.
4) It was 20 years ________ he spent in writing this novel.
5) It was not long ________ the people in Austria took up guns.
6) It was midnight _______ he came back home.
A. when B. before C. since D. That
练习一：
1.—Who are making so much noise in the garden?
A. It is B. They are C. That is D. There are
2. It is _______ he often fails in exams ______ makes his parents worried about him.
A. what; that B. that; what C. that; that D. / ; that
3. It is the protection for the trees _______ really matters, rather than how many trees are planted.
A. what B. that C. 不填 D. which
4. It is _____ my father worked _____ I work now.
A. where, that B. where, when C. that, where D. that, that
5. Was _____ that I saw last night at the concert?
A. it you B. not you C. you D. that you
6. It was ten o’clock _____ he came back home.
A. when B. that C. since D. after
7. It was not until he came back _____ he knew the police were looking for him.
A. which B. since C. that D. before
8.--Where was＿＿＿＿＿＿you picked up the wallet﹖
- -Just near the school gate.
A. it B. it that C. the place D. the place that
9. I must find out why＿＿＿＿＿＿so many students made the same mistake.
A. is it that B. was it which C. it is what D. it was that
10. How many years is it＿＿＿＿＿＿your sister came to work here﹖
A. after B. since C. before D. until
11. Is it in the factory＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿you visited last week＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿this kind of car is made﹖
A.／thatB. wherewhenC. wherethatD.／when
12.＿＿＿＿It's a long time＿＿＿＿＿＿＿I saw you last.
- -Yesand what a pity since it will be a long time＿＿＿＿＿＿we see each other again.
A. sincebefore B. beforesince C. untilafter D. afteruntil
13. It was because of bad weather＿＿＿＿＿＿the football match had to be put off.
A. so B. so that C. why D. that
14.It was his remarks＿＿＿＿＿left me wondering about his real purpose.
A. which B. what C. where D. that
15. -- Was it in 1969＿＿＿＿＿＿the American astronaut succeeded＿＿＿＿＿＿landing on the moon﹖
--- Quite right.
A. whenon B. thaton C. whenin D. thatin
16.It was not until 1920＿＿＿＿＿＿regular radio broadcasts began.NMET 95
A. while B. which C. that D. since
17.＿＿＿＿＿＿is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.NMET 95
A. There B. This C. That D. It
18.＿＿＿＿＿was in 1979＿＿＿＿＿I graduated from the university.NMET 98上海
A. Thatthat B. Itthat C .Thatwhen D. Itwhen
19. It was for this reason＿＿＿＿＿＿her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village.
A. which B. why C. that D. how
20. It is the protection for the trees＿＿＿＿really mattersrather than how many trees are planted.
A. what B. that C.／D. which
14.-- Was that the new comer who walked by﹖＿＿＿＿＿.
A. It must be that B. It must have been C. He must be D. This must have been
15. Our classroom is very clean.Do you nowho＿＿cleanedit﹖
A. was it that B. it was that C. was it who D.he was
16. Now thenchildren. It's high time you＿＿＿＿＿＿and dressed.
A. washed B. should wash C. were washed D. are washed
17.＿＿＿＿＿the people have become the master of their own country＿＿＿＿＿＿＿science can really serve the people.
A. It is only then；that B. It was that；when
C. It is only when；that D. It was when；then
18. It was＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿I met Mr. Green in Shanghai.
A. ten years since B. many years ago that
C. five years until D. Two months when
练习二：
1. ____ was Jane that I saw in the library this morning.
A. It B. He C. She D. That
2.when was it you called me yesterday?
A. until B. that C. then D. so
3. It was on October 1st ____ new China was founded.
A. which B. when C. as D. that
4. Was it because he was ill ____ he asked for leave?
A. and B. that C. that’s D. so
5. It is imagination makes the world colorful, full of vigor and vitality. [2007 上海春]
A．where B．what C．that D．when
6. It _____ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks ____ I found we had a lot in common. [2007 浙江卷]
A. was until; when B. was until; that
C. wasn’t until; when D. wasn’t until; that
7. It is not who is right but what is right ______ is of importance. [2007 重庆卷]
A. which B. it C. that D. this
8.It was on 12 May,2008______the earthquake of Wenchuan county,Sichuan provimce happened.
A.since B.which C.that D.when.
9.It was Alice and her husband who saved the old man,_______?
A.wasn’t it B.was it C.didn’t they D.did they
10.When asked to explain______made his lessons so exciting,the teache kept silent.
A.what it is that B.that what it is C.what is it that D.that what is it
11. Who was it ______ put so many large stones on the road?
A. this B. that
C. he D. she
12. What a silly mistake it is ______ you’ve made!
A. it B. this
C. that D. which
13. It was not until midnight ______ the noise of the street stopped.
A. that B. this
C. since D. at which
14. Was ______ that I met at the railway station the other day?
A. it you B. not you
C. you D. that you
15. It was when she was about to go to bed ______ the telephone rang.
A. since B. as
C. that D. then
16. It may have been at Christmas ______ John gave Mary a handbag.
A. before B. who
C. that D. when
17. Why was ______ that the old woman was sent to prison?
A. he B. it
C. that D. because
18. It was his nervousness in the interview ______ probably lost him the job.
A. which B. since
C. that D. what
19. It was the boy ______ had been in prison ______ stole the money.
A. who, where B. that, how
C. who, that D. that, which
20. It might be I, who ______ caused the accident, who ______ to answer for it.
A. has, is B. have, are
C. has, am D. have, am
21. It was _____ I reached there _____ I began to know something about the matter.
A. until, when B. until, that
C. not until, that D. not when, that
22. It was _____ my father worked _____ I work now.
A. where, that B. where, when
C. that, where D. that, that
23. It was not until he came back ______ he knew the police were looking for him.
A. which B. since
C. that D. before
24. It’s more than half a century ______ the People’s Republic of China was liberated.
A. when B. that
C. since D. after
25. It was not ______ you had explained how ______ I managed to do it.
A. for, that B. until, that
C. for, when D. until, when
[分析诊断]
1. B。首先判断这是强调句型，强调的是主语the ability to do the job，所以选用that。
如果原句中谓语动词为过去范畴的时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等)，则用It was...that...。如：
2. A。这个句子稍微复杂点。Said that 后面的是宾语从句。然后在这个从句里，有一个it is…that的强调句。整个宾语从句意思说：正是因为他对文学有浓厚的兴趣，他才选择了这个课程。
3. B。本题强调主语these poisonous products.
4. A。本句中强调句型对特殊疑问词what 进行强调，去掉强调句型后句子为What do you want me to say?我们可以看到被强调的what 是say 的宾语。
5. D。对状语with this joy 进行强调。
6. B。本题考查助动词do对动词的强调。从the other day (那天)判断整个句子应用过去时态，A、C两项时态错误，D项不合题意，故选B，did可译为“的确，真地”。
7. B。句意：直到他到家的时候，Jennifer才意识到钥匙丢了。until结构时用于强调句式时，要将否定词not移到until前。
8. C。本题是对强调句型与not……until从句的结合考查，把not移至被强调的部分之后，要注意把句子中的动词用过去式。
9. C。根据下文的答语 a friend of his helped him可知上文是强调方式状语。
10. 1) D 2) B 3) C 4) D 5) B 6) A 先分析结构，再分析意思。谨慎试词，防止混淆。1.句强调时间状语，故用that；2.是It…before…句型，时间状语从句，只用before；3. It is a period of time since-clause是固定结构，只用since；4.是强调句型，因spend一词为及物动词，故需要宾语that。此例也可能是定语从句，若为定语从句则which亦可。但强调句和定语从句的意义是不同的。5是It…before…句型，时间状语从句，只用before. 6 是when引导的时间状语从句。
单招宾语从句
宾语从句是高考的一个热点，也是一个难点，近几年虽说出现的次数不多，但是不能掉以轻心。
一、 宾语从句可分为三类：
1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句。由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：
He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。
We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。
2. 用who, whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如：
I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。
She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。
3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。例如：
I doubt whether our team can win the match. 我怀疑我们队能否赢这场比赛。
二、宾语从句考点
1. 考查宾语从句的语序。宾语从句必须用自然语序，即使在疑问句中，从句也不倒装（而在主句上倒装）
宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。特别强调：它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序，而不是疑问句的倒装结构。
Can you tell me who(m) do we have to see?(╳)
Can you tell me who(m) we have to see?( √)
The teacher asked the students what they were doing.(思考: what在从句中的成分)
陈述句变为宾语从句时，要注意人称和时态的变化，语序不变。 例如：She said, “I will leave a message on the desk.” →She said she would leave a message on the desk.
一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时,也要注意人称和时态的变化,后面接陈述语序。Eg. “Where are the tickets?” I asked him. à I asked him where the tickets are.
2. 考查时态。宾语从句应同主句在谓语时态上保持一致。主句谓语是现在时，宾语从句的谓语可以是任意时态；主句谓语是过去时，宾语从句的谓语必须是过去的某种时态，（宾语是客观真理时则无此限制）
I thought (that) you are free today. (╳)
I thought (that) you would be free today. ( √)
【注意】当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时，不管主句谓语的时态如何，从句都用一般现在时。例如：
The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun.
3. 考查连接词的选用
1）连词that，只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略。
He knew (that) he should work hard.
2）连词if、whether，它们起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，作“是否”
解，在口语中多用if。
Tom don’t know if/whether his grandpa liked the present.
He asked me whether or not I was coming.
一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下3种情况只能用whether：
①在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided.
②在介词前：It depends on(依靠) whether it is going to rain.
③与or not连用：They are talking about whether to go there or not.
3）连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which，连接副词when, where, why, how 它们起连接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意义。
The teacher asked the new students which class he was in.
I wonder where he got so much money.
4. 考查作介词宾语从句。宾语从句除了在及物动词后，也可以用在介词后。
They are worrying about whether they can get there in time.
You can write about whatever topic you can think of.
5. 考查形容词后的宾语从句。 某些像glad, happy, sorry, sure, delighted, pleased等形容词后面跟宾语从句。
Are you sure what you will do next?
I'm afraid that he will fail in the exam.
7. 考查不可以直接跟宾语从句的及物动词
英语中like, love, hate, dislike, depend on, see to等动词或短语后面不允许直接带宾语从句，通常在这些动词后面加it, 然后带相应的句子。如：I don’t like it when people talk with their mouths full.
8. 考查宾语从句的简化。由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，若从句的主语与主句的主语或间接宾语相一致时，可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。
I don’t know how I should do with the presents. → I don’t know how to do with the presents.
9. 考查宾语从句中虚拟语气。 在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, demand, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“should+ 动词原形”，should也可以省略。
She suggested we (should)leave here at once.
The doctor ordered she should be operated.
10. 考查宾语从句的否定转移。当主句谓语动词为think, suppose, guess, believe, imagine, expect, consider等词时，并且主语为第一人称时，时态是一般现在时，从句的否定词应转移到主句谓语动词上来。能够形成否定转移的句子，其反意疑问句的简短问句谓语和主语形式与从句一致。
I don't think I know you.
I don' t believe he will come.
专题突破Unit 2
宾语从句
[典例展示]
1. As soon as he comes back, I’ll tell him when _______ and see him. （2005北京卷）
A. you will come B. will you come C. you come D. do you come
2. Scientists think that the continents ______ always where they _______ today. （2006北京）
A. aren’t; are B. aren’t; were C. weren’t; are D. weren’t; were
3. (湖南2004)I think Father would 1ike to know_________ I’ve been up to so far，so I decided to send him a quick note.
A. which B. why C. what D. how
4. Please remind me______ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off.（2006全国卷I）
A. where B. when C. how D. what
5. –What did your parents think about your decision?
–They always let me do _______ I think I should.（2006全国卷II）
A. when B. that C. how D. what
6. We haven’t settled the question of ______ it is necessary for him to study abroad. （2006江苏卷）
A. if B. where C. whether D. that
7. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for _______ he thought was not enough．(2005山东卷)
A. where B. how C. what D. which
8. Mary wrote an article on _______the team had failed to win the game. （2005全国卷I）
A. why B. what C. who D. that
9. With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased________ he was a man of action. （2006湖南卷）
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
10. I like _______ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. （2004全国卷）
A. this B. that C. it D. one
11. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ____in my new job. (2000全国卷)
A. expected B. to expected C. to be expecting D. expects
解析：B。
12. —How do you _____ we go to Beijing for our holidays?
—I think we'd better fly there. It's much more comfortable. （2004福建卷）
13. I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer, _______? (2001上海卷)
A. do I B. don’t I C. will they D. won’t they
[分析诊断]
1. A。首先确定when所引导的是宾语从句而不是状语从句，表示将来的意义，要用将来时态，而且用陈述语序。
2. C。在think 引导的宾语从句里，where 引导表语从句，表语从句里有明显的时间状语today,所以用现在时态。本句的含义为“科学家认为大陆（以前）不在它们今天所处的位置。”
3. C。know后宾语从句谓语动词部分的be up to的意思是“从事……”、“忙于……”，少宾语，故选C，what引导的宾语从句作动词宾语。
4. B。从题干结构分析可以看出me后的部分是一个直接宾语从句，he said可以看成插入语，因此应选一个词来和he was going搭配；根据后句可知是时间，所以选B。
5 D。考查连接词的选用。do后是一个宾语从句，I think是插入语，should后省略了do，do又缺少宾语，所以用what引导。
6. C。考查名词行从句连接词的使用。前面有question of，介词后不能用if引导从句，也不用that，where虽然可以用于介词后，但意义不符合语境。
7. C。四个选项中只有what和which可以在从句中充当主语，而which 在名词从句中意为“哪一个”，因此在本题中意思不对，故选择C。
8. A。通过对本句句型结构的分析可以判断出介词on 后面带宾语从句，在宾语从句中why充当状语。比较：A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago. 在10年前是一片荒土的地方建起了一个现代化城市。通过对本句句型结构的分析可以判断出介词in 后面带宾语从句，在宾语从句中what 充当主语。
9. B。pleased之后可看作一个宾语从句，从句成分完整，故选that，无词义，不作成分。
10. C。it指代when从句所表达的内容，其本身无实义。
11. B。此题考查“疑问词+不定式”结构
12. D。有空的一句应该是在提出建议，如果将问句改为陈述式结构来看就应该为You suggest we go to Beijing for our holidays by…，从句中应为虚拟语气结构“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。答案选D。
13. C。主句中含有suppose，且为否定，因此反意问句的译文部分和主句一致，所以用将来时态，虽然否定前移，但还要按否定，所以后面用肯定。
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