2020年高考英语语法必考知识点：动名词专项练习 12页

2020 年高考英语语法必考知识点：动名词专项练习 单项选择 1. I still remember to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. A. to take B. to be taken C. taking D. being taken 2. Bill suggested __ __ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation. A. having held B. to hold C. holding D. hold 3. He told us whether ____ ___ a picnic was still under discussion A. to have B. having C. have D. had 4. It is worth considering what makes“convenience” foods so popular, and ___ ___ better ones of your own. A. introduces B. to introduce C. introducing D. introduced 5. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried __ ___ alone，but she didn’t like it and moved back home. A. living B. to live C. to be living D. having lived Keys: DCBCA 句子翻译 1) 你介意把门打开吗？ 2) 他花了三个小时完成作业。 3) 看了这场表演，他情不自禁地笑了。 4) 我们已经习惯早起早睡。 5) 医生建议我要多喝水。 Keys: Would you mind opening the door? He spent three hours finishing the homework. Seeing the show, he can’t help laughing. We are used to getting up early and going to sleep early. The doctor suggests me drinking more water. 动名词是表示动作的名词，既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。 一、 作用 1、作主语 1). 直接位于句首做主语。例如： Swimming is a good sport in summer. 2). 用 it 作形式主语， It is no use telling him not to worry. 常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有：better，wonderful，enjoyable， interesting，foolish，difficult，useless，senseless，worthwhile，等。 注意：important，essential，necessary 之后常用不定式 3). 用于“There be”结构中。例如： There is no saying when he'll come.很难说他何时回来。 4). 用于布告形式的省略结构中。例如： No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). （禁止吸烟） No parking. （禁止停车） 5). 动名词的复合结构作主语 名词或代词的所有格做动名词的逻辑主语)。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作 主语。 Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较 动名词多用来表示泛指，不定式多用来表示特指 Smoking is not good for health. It is not good for you to smoke so much. 在固定结构“It is no use...”，“It is no good...”，“It is fun...”，“It is a waste of time...”等句型中，通常用动名词作真实主语： It is no use/good/a waste of time talking about that. *It is no use/good/a waste of time to talk about that. 在疑问句中，通常用动名词的复合结构，而不用不定式的复合结构作主语： Does your saying that mean anything to him? * 在“There be”句型中，只能用动名词，而不能用不定式作主语： There is no telling what will happen. 当句子中的主语和表语都是非限定动词时，要遵循前后一致的原则，主语和表语 在形式上要求统一：Seeing is believing. *To see is to believe. 2、作宾语 1）作动词的宾语 某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。 advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, give up, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put off, delay, practise, resist, suggest, depend on, think about, set about, succeed in, worry about, burst out, insist on, can’t stand, be used to, get used to, devote…to…, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to,escape 等。 Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations. 2）作介词的宾语 We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 3）作形容词的宾语 The music is well worth listening to more than once. We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 3、作表语 动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从 句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换 位置。 Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户。 (Cleaning the windows is your task.) What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。 (Being laughed at is what I hate most.) 4、作定语 动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如： a walking stick ＝a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading a measuring tape=a tape for measuring=a tape which is used for measuring sleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping 二、 动名词的逻辑主语 带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主 语不一致时，要在动名词之前加上物主代词或名词所有格，这便构成了动名词的 复合结构。 Her coming to help encouraged all of us. 他来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。 Jane’s being careless caused so much trouble. 简的粗心惹来了不少麻烦。 What’s troubling them is their not having enough food. 烦扰他们的是食 物不足。在口语中， 如果动名词复合结构作宾语，其中的物主代词常用人称代词宾格，名词所有格常 用名词普通格来代替，但在句首作主语时不能这样来代替。如： Would you mind my/me using your computer? The father insisted on his son’s/his son going to college. Mary’s (不可用 Mary) being ill made her mother upset. His (不可用 Him)smoking made his family angry. 在下列情况下动名词的逻辑主语必须用名词的普通格或人称代词宾语： a.无命名词 The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting. b. 有生命名词但表示泛指意义 Have you ever heard of women practising boxing? c. 两个以上的有生命名词并列 Do you remember your parents and me telling about this? 三、动名词的时态和语态 主动语态和被动语态： 一般式 writing、being written、完成式 having written、having been written 其否定形式是在 doing 前加上 not 1、动名词一般式表示的动作通常是一般性动作 I hate talking with such people. 我讨厌与这样的人说话。 Being careless is not a good habit. 粗心不是一个好习惯。 2、动名词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。 I don’t remember having met him before. 我记不得以前见过他。 Thank you for having taking so much trouble to help. 3、动名词的逻辑主语同时也是动名词动作的承受者，动名词用被动语态。 （1）它的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，或在其前发生。 I don’t like being laughed at in public. （2）它的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。如： I am very pleased at your having been honoured with a medal. 我很高兴 你能获得这样的奖牌。 （3）在某些动词，我们常用动名词的一般式表示完成式， Excuse me for being late. 我来晚了请你原谅。 I don’t remember ever meeting somewhere. 我记不得原来在什么地方见 过。 Thank you for giving us so much help. （4）在多数情况下都避免使用动名词被动语态完成式，而用一般式代替，以免 句子显得累赘，尤其是在口语中。如：I forget once being taken (having been taken ) to the city zoo. 四、常见题型： 1） 动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数 2） 在动名词和不定式中，作为介词的宾语是动名词 3） 动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词，通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑 主语 例：I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon. A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you’re calling（Key：C；换 成 your calling 也对） 4） 有些词后只能接动名词 admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can ’ t help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... 5） 另外还有一些接-ing 形式的常用说法 it’s no good; it’s no/little/hardly any/ use; it’s not/hardly/scarcely use; it’s worthwhile; spend money/time; there’s no; there’s no point in; there’s nothing worse than; what’s the use/point... 6） 有些词后面加不定式和动名词均可 remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean 后面均可用不定式和-ing 形 式，但意义截然不容。 例：remember to do/doing： ①I remembered to post the letters.（指未来/过去未来将要做的动作） ②I remembered posting/having posted the letters.（我记得做过这个动作） forget 与 remember 的用法类似。 regret 的用法： ①I regret to inform you that…（我很遗憾地通知你……） ②I regretted having left the firm after twenty years.（为了“二十年前的离 开”而遗憾。） try to（努力）与 try +–ing（试验）： ①You really must try to overcome your shyness. ②Try practicing five hours a day. 五、动名词与现在分词的同与不同 动名词它在形式上与现在分词相同，都是在动词原形的词末加-ing。在现代语法 中，这两种形式同视为"-ing 形式"。 这两种形式的另一个相同之处是：它们都 是由动词变化而成的，它们都保留了动词的某些特征，它们都能带自己的宾语、 状语，而构成动名词短语或是现在分词短语去担当句子成分。例如： Speaking in the public , he will surely be very cheerful .（现在分词短语， 作状语）他在公众场所讲话时总是兴高采烈的。 She hates speaking in the public.（动名词短语，作宾语）她不喜欢在公众场 所讲话。 区别： 1､动名词和现在分词都可以用于系动词之后作表语,区别方法是: ①作表语的动名词与主语指的是同一件事,此时系动词相当于“是”,通常把主语 和表语的位置互换,语法和意思不变,例如: My hobby is swimming.可改为 Swimming is my hobby.(可将原句中的主语 与表语位置互换) ②现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的性质,不能与主语互换位置,例如: The story is interesting .不可改为:Interesting is the story. 2､动名词和现在分词都可以用作定语来修饰名词,两者的区别在于: 动名词修饰名词时主要表示该名词的用途,而现在分词修饰名词时性质､状态或 动作等｡试比较: ①a swimming boy 和 a swimming suit 前者的意思是“一个正在游泳的男孩”,即 a boy who is swimming ,现在分词 swimming 表示被修饰名词 boy 的动作;而后者的意思是“游泳衣”,即 a suit for swimming , 动名词 swimming 表示 suit 的用途｡ ②a sleeping child 和 a sleeping car 前者的意思是“一个正在睡觉的孩子”,即 a child who is sleeping ,现在分词 sleeping 表示被修饰名词 child 正处于的状态;而后者的意思是“卧车(被用来 睡觉的车厢)”,即 a car which is used for sleeping ,动名词 sleeping 表示 car 的用途｡ 句子翻译 1) 我最近一直忙于准备考试。 2) 我的父母喜欢住在郊外。 3) 读书并非总有益于心理健康。 4) 对名人来说，拥有隐私并不容易。 5) 体罚孩子无益于教育。 6) 在空闲时间里，她就练习弹钢琴。 7) 为了避免见到他，她天天加班。 8) 你能想象住在没有水和阳光的地方吗？ 9) 这台机器持续工作一天了。 10) 他否认自己偷车。 11) 我们正在考虑在郊区买房子。 12) 公交车上不允许吸烟。 答案 I’m busy preparing for the exam. My parents love living in the countryside. Reading a book is not always good for your mental health. Having privacy is not easy for celebrities. Punishing a child physically is not good for education. She practices playing the piano in her spare time. In order to avoid meeting him, she overworks everyday. Can you imagine living in a place without water and sun? The machine has kept on working for a day. He denied stealing the bike. We are considering buying a house outside the city. Smoking is not allowed in the bus.