2020年高考英语语法必考知识点：情态动词专项练习 19页

2020 年高考英语语法必考知识点：情态动词专项练习 1、—How come everything tastes bitter? —Well, things ________ taste different to you when you are suffering a cold. A.may B. should C. must D. would 2、—Who______ it be that is knocking at the door? —It ______ be Father, but I’m not sure. A. can; must B. can; may C. must; can D. may; must 3、English is a language that many people around the world __________ not speak perfectly but _________ at least understand. A. may; can B. would; might C. will; must D. could; might 4、 —Why didn’t Mary come to John’s birthday party last night? —She wanted to, but her dad simply ______not let her out so late at night. A. should B. might C. would D. could 5、—Listen! There is a knock on the door． Who _____ it be? —It must be Jack． Just now I sent for him． A． shall B． can C． must D． might 6、 ─ What do you think I can do about it? ─ Don’t worry. The information ______ be true. A. mustn’t B. can’t C. wouldn’t D. might 7、 —I’m sorry. I _______ at you the other day. —Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. A. shouldn’t shout B. mustn’t shout C. shouldn’t have shouted D. mustn’t have shouted 8、Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ______ easily reach the books on the top shelf. A. must B. should C. can D. need 9、 — What does the sign over there say? — No person ______ enter the area without the official permission. A. Shall B. may C. must D. will 10、—Mum, I am sorry, but I failed in the English exam. —So you __________ get the MP4 you want. I am sorry, too. A. shall not B. might not C. needn’t D. shouldn’t 11、The Chinese government advocates that countries along the modern silk road work together and share future success. A. must B. might C. should D. could 12、 —Did you lock the door？ —No, I ____, but I forgot. A. should B. must have C. must D. should have 13、 It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _____ be rather cold sometimes. A. must B. can C. should D. would 14、The best and most beautiful things in the world _____ be seen or even touched. They must be felt with the heart. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t 15、 Part of the highway would still be temporarily closed ________ the heavy fog continue. A. might B. could C. would D. should Keys 1、A 2、B 3、A 4、C 5、B 6、B 7、C 8、C 9、A 10、 A 11、C 12、D 13、B 14、A 15、D 情态动词(Modal verbs)本身有一定的词义，表示语气的单词。但是不能独立作 谓语，只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词用在行为动词前，表示说话人对 这一动作或状态的看法或主观设想。 情态动词虽然数量不多，但用途广泛，主 要有下列: can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would)等。 下面根据高考的考点，对重点用法进行总结。 1、can 和 could (could 为 can 的过去式) 的基本用法 (1)表示能力 He can speak English better than you. (2)在疑问句和否定句中表示“怀疑”、“猜测”或“可能性” Can this green bike be Liu Dong's? (3)表示“许可”时 can 可以和 may 换用 You can (may) go home now. (4)如果要表示语气婉转，可用 could 代替 can，这时 could 不再是 can 的过去 式 Could you come again tomorrow? (5)can 和 be able to 都可表示能力，两者在意思上没有什么区别。但是 can 只 能有现在式和过去式，而 be able to 则有更多的形式， He will be able to do the work better. 2、may 和 might (might 为 may 的过去式)的基本用法 (1)表示允许或征询对方许可，有“可以”之意 You may use my dictionary. 在回答对方说“可以做某事”或“不可以做某事”时，一般多不用 may 或 may not，以避免语气生硬或不容气。而用比较婉转的说法进行回答。 ---- May I use this dictionary? ---- Yes, please. /Certainly. 在请求对方许可时，如果 Might I…? 就比用 May I…? 语气更婉转些 May I have a look at your new computer? 表示“阻止”或“禁止”对方做某事时，要用 must not 代替 may not ---- May we swim in this lake? ---- No, you mustn’t. It’s too dangerous. (2)may 或 might 都可以表示可能性，表示“或许”、“可能”之意，如果用 might 表示可能性，则语气更加不肯定 They may (might) be in the library now . 3、must 的基本用法 (1)must 表示“必须”、“应该”之意，其否定式 must not，缩写形式为 mustn't， 表示“不应该”，“不准”、“不许可”或“禁止”之意 We must study hard and make progress every day. You mustn't touch the fire. (2)对以 must 提出的疑问句，如作否定回答时，要用 needn't 或用 don't (doesn't) have to (不 必)来回答，而不用 mustn't，因为 mustn't 表示的是“禁止”或“不 许可”之意 ---- Must we finish the work tomorrow? ---- No, you needn't (don't have to), but you must finish it in three days. (3)在肯定句中 must 可以表示推测，表示“一定”或“必定”之意 ---- Whose new bike can it be? ---- It must be Liu Dong's. I know his father has just bought him a new one. 4、can, could, may, must 后接完成式的用法 (1)can, could 后接完成式的用法： ①在否定句或疑问句中表示对过去发生过的事情的“怀疑”或“不肯定”的态度 Could he have said so? ②在肯定句中，可以表示过去可能做到而实际并没做到的事情，有“劝告”或“责 备”的语气。如： ---- When did you answer her letter? ---- Only yesterday. ---- It's too late. You could have answered it earlier, I am sure. (2)may, might 后接完成式的用法 ①表示对过去某事的推测，认为某一件事情在过去可能发生了。如果使用 might， 语气就比较婉转或更加不肯定 Mary might have learned some Chinese before. ②可以表示过去本来可以做到而实 际没有做到的事情，有“劝告”或“责备” 的语气 You didn't do the work well that day. You might have done it better. (3)must 后接完成式的用法：表示对过去某事的推测，认为某事在过去一定做到 了 Liu Dong isn’t in the classroom. He must have gone to the library. 5、have to 的基本用法及与 must 的区别： have to 和 must 的意义相近，只是 must 侧重表示说话人的主观看法，而 have to 则表示客观需要 I must study hard. I had to give it up because of illness. 6、ought to 的基本用法 (l)表示根据某种义务或必要“应当”做某事，语气比 should 强 Everyone ought to obey the traffic regulations. (2)表示推测，注意与 must 表示推测时的区别： He must be home by now .(断定他已到家) He ought to be home by now .(不十分肯定) This is where the oil must be.(比较直率) This is where the oil ought to be. (比较含蓄) (3)“ought + have+ 过去分词”表示过去应做某事而实际未做。 You ought to have helped him. (but you didn’t) 这时，ought 与 should 可以互相换用。 注意，在美国英语中 ought to 用于否定和疑问句时 to 可以省略。 Ought you smoke so much? You oughtn’t smoke so much. 7、dare 的基本用法 (l)dare (dared 为其过去式) 作情态动词用时，主要用于否定句，疑问句和条件 从句中 Dared he bread the traffic regulations again? (2)在现代英语中 dare 常用作行为动词，其变化与一般行为动词相同 She dares to stay at home alone at night. 8、need 的基本用法 (1)need 作情态动词用时，主要用于否定句和疑问句中 He needn't worry about us now. (2)need 也可作为行为动词用，可用于肯定句，否定句和疑问句中，其后可接名 词、代词、动名词或带 to 的动词不定式为其宾语。如： You need to practise reading aloud every day. (3)needn't 后接完成式可以表示过去做了一件本来不必要做的事情 ---- Did you answer the letter yesterday? ---- Yes, I did. ---- But you needn’t have answered it. 9、shall 的基本用法 (1)shall 用作情态动词时，用于第二、三人称，表示说活人的意愿，可表示“命 令”、“警告”、“强制”、“威胁”或“允诺”等意 He shall go first, whether he wants to or not. (2)在疑问句中，shall 用于第一、三人称，表示说话人的征询对方意见或请求指 示 Shall I open the door? 10、should 的基本用法 (1)should 作为情态动词可以表示“建议”或“劝告”，有“应该”之意 You should learn from each other. (2)should 后接完成式表示过去没有做到本来应该做的事情，或是做了本来不应 该做的事情。 You should have give him more help. 11、will 的基本用法 (1)用于各人称，可以表示“意志”或“决心” I have told him again and again to stop smoking, but he will not listen. (2)在疑问句中用于第二人称，表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问对方的意愿 Will you please tell me how to get to the Capital Gymnasium? (3)will 可以表示一种习惯性的动作，有“总是”或“会要”之意， Every morning he will have a walk along this river. 12、would 的基本用法 (1)would 作为 will 的过去式，可用于各人称，表示过去时间的“意志”或“决 心” He promised he would never smoke again. (2)在疑问句中，用于第二人称，表示说话人向对方提出请求或许问对方的意愿 时，比用 will 的气更加婉转， Would you like some more coffee? (3)在日常生活中，学用“I would like to…”表示“我想要”或“我愿意”之意， 以使语气婉转 I would like to do Ex.2 first. (4)would 可以表示过去的习惯动作，比 used to 正式，并没有“现已无此习惯” 的含义。 Last year our English teacher would sometimes tell us stories in English after class. During the vacation he would visit me every week. (5)表料想或猜想， It would be about ten when he left home. What would she be doing there? I thought he would have told you about it. 13、used to, had better, would rather 的用法 (1)used to 表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不存在，在间接引语中，其形式 可不变 He told us he used to play foot ball when he was young. (2)had better 意为“最好”，后接不带 to 的不定式 ---- We had better go now . ---- Yes, we had (we'd better/ we had better). Hadn’t we better stop now? (Had we better not stop now?) I think I’d better be going. (用于进行时态，表“最好立即”) You had better have done that (用于完成时态，表未完成动作) 注：had better 用于同辈或小辈，对长辈不可用。 (3)would rather 意为“宁愿”，表选择，后接不带 to 的不定式 I’d rather not say anything. Would you rather work on a farm? ---- Wouldn’t you rather stay here? ---- No, I would not. I’d rather go there. 由于 would rather 表选择，因 而后可接 than I would rather work on a farm than in a factory. I would rather watch TV than go to see the film. I would rather lose a dozen cherry trees than that you should tell me one lie. I’d rather you didn’t talk about this to anyone. (句中的 'd rather 不是情 态动词，would 在此是表愿望的实义动词) 1、 ______ it have been the failure to pick up directions from the ground control that caused the air crash? A. Must B. Could C. Would D. Should 2、The missing children haven’t been found yet. Something terrible ________ to them. A. may happen B. should have happened C. must happen D. might have happened 3、 —Don’t forget to go to the football match tomorrow. —I ________. A. don’t B. won’t C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t 4 、 Many a time ， the Chinese government urged that American government stop selling advanced weapons to Taiwan，but it__________ listen，__________Sino-US relations. A. won’t；damaging B. wouldn’t；damaging C. shouldn’t; to damage D. wouldn’t：to damage 5、— What does the sign over there say? — No person ______ enter the area without the official permission. A. shall B. may C. must D. will 6、--- Hi, Lucy．Do you know where Linda is? --- She in the library．I saw her there just a few minutes ago． A．shall be B．must be C．should have been D．might have been 7、 Look! There’s no light on—Sara _____be at home. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t 8、—It’s eight o’clock already. Jack be here by now. —Oh, he told me that he was going to see his dentist and wouldn’t be back until ten. A．must B．can C．should D．need 9、— Look! It’s raining again. — Why _____ it rain on Sundays? We are always staying inside! What a nuisance! A．need B．must C．does D．sho uld 10、Many high school students wish that they ______ at a top university in the future. A. had studied B. studied C. have studied D. could study 11 、 His failure in the exam suggested that he _______ the teacher's instructions. A. can't have followed B. needn't have followed C. mustn't have followed D. shouldn't have followed 12、 ---Why ______ you stay in the countryside, where it is not convenient to go shopping? ---- But I’ve found it rather valuable for my health. A .can B. must C. may D. shall 13、Thank you for your timely help; otherwise I______ still in great trouble now. A. am B. would be C. was D. will be 14、The old lady _____ thank the man enough for coming to her aid, who pulled up to fix her car． A．shouldn't B．wouldn't C．needn't D．couldn't 15、I don't know how he _______that I'm lazy , _______he's been in bed all day. A. dare to say , that B. dares say , while C. dare say , as D. dares to say, when 16、 ----Anything wrong, sir? ----Yes. It's one hundred dollars for speeding and driving after drinking. You ____ fool me with that smell in your breath. A. shouldn't B. mustn't C. can't D. needn't 17、 John promised his doctor he ________ not smoke, and he has smoked ever since. A. might B. should C. could D. would. 18、You ______ never be too careful while driving. A. will B. should C. can D. shall. 19、—Can I pay the bill by check? —Sorry, sir．But it is the management rules of our hotel that payment ____ be made in cash． A．shall B．need C．will D．can 20、— You didn’t wait for Elizabeth last night, did you? — Yes, but we ______. She didn’t come at all. A. don’t have to B. needn’t have C. need to D. should have 21、We be careful with the words we say when we are angry. A. may B. can C. might D. should 22、 If the wound______ become infected, do not hesitate to call me. A. shall B. must C. should D. would 23、---Is there an express to Beijing tonight? --- There ______be , but you’d better call the booking office to make sure.’ A. can B. might C. will D. must 24 、 .In general, Tom is a good man, but he __________be very hard sometimes. A. must B.will C. dare D. can 25、 ----Who’s the man giving the speech? ---Well, if you ______know, his name is Lyric. A. may B. can C. shall D. must 26、Jackie, you ________ hang all your clothes in the room like this！ A． wouldn’t B． needn’t C． mustn’ t D． oughtn’t 27、–We want someone to design the art museum for us. –_____ the young fellow have a try? A. May B. Shall C. Will D. Need 28、Since nobody gave him any help，I am sure that he________have done the research on his own. A. should B. would C. could D must 80.I still remember my happy childhood when my mother________take me to Disneyland on weekends. A. would B. should C. might D. could 29、—Hi, Lucy．Do you know where Linda is? —She________in the library．I saw her there just a few minutes ago． A．shall be B．must be C．should have been D．might have been 30、---What does the sign over there read? ---“No person ________ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area．” A. will B. may C. shall D. must 31、 —Listen! There is a knock on the door． Who _____ it be? —It must be Jack． Just now I sent for him． A． shall B． can C． must D． might 32、I’m glad that you have managed to come, but you _________ have brought wine．We’ve got plenty. A wouldn’t B．needn’t C．mustn’t D．couldn’ t 33、 With the help of the new technology, you __ e-mail your friends by mobile phone. A. can B. must C.need D. should 34、According to the school rule, no student go out during the class without the teacher’s permission. A. could B. need C. shall D. would 35、The famous writer often says that he ________ so much without the support and encouragement from his wife. A. shouldn’t achieve B. shouldn’t have achieved C. couldn’t achieve D. couldn’t have achieved 36、You ______ pay too little attention to your reading skills, as they are so important. A. should B. mustn’t C. can’t D. needn’t 37、Don't blame such a small boy any more. Even the wisest___ make a mistake sometimes. A. must B. can C. should D. shall 38、The school rules state that no child ____________ be allowed out of the school during the day, unless accompanied by an adult. A. could B. shall C. might D. should 39、 any further information, please contact us in our office in London. A. Should you require B. You should require C. Must you require D. You must require 40、 “Without Chinese toys, kids around the world ________ not have so much happiness.” said an European Union official. A. would B. should C. will D. shall 答案 1、B 2、D 3、B 4、B 5、A 6、B 7、A 8、C 9、B 10、 D 11、A 12、B 13、B 14、 D 15、D 16、C 17、D 18、C 19、 A 20、B 21、D 22、C 23、 B 24、D 25、D 26、C 27、B 28、A 29、 B 30、 C 31、B 32、B 33、A 34、C 35、D 36、C 37、B 38、B 39、A 40、 A