英语高考真题——全国卷II解析版 25页

‎2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英语（大纲版全国II解析）‎ ‎【试卷总评】 2012年全国II卷继续遵循“在稳定中求创新、在发展中求平衡”的原则。试题总体难度偏易，没有偏题、怪题。全国II卷是全国卷中难度最低的一套试卷。本试卷不考听力，以难度较小的单词辨音考查语音；用补全对话考查口语；全国II卷的单项填空考查知识全面，题干简洁、明快，容易理解；完形填空是一篇富有哲理性的记叙文，难度不大，文章内容不偏；阅读理解总体难度适中，没有什么似是而非的干扰项；阅读B篇部分同学因不了解sailing这项体育运动，可能会感到难些，阅读E篇较难；写作也是常见的书信形式，内容是过生日，学生很熟悉。单词拼写题难度较小；短文改错较难。总之，2012年全国II卷是一套难度较小的好题。‎ 第I卷 第一部分 英语知识运用（共三节，满分50分）‎ 第一节 语音知识（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）‎ 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ ‎1. theater A. treasure B. wheat C. season D. realize ‎ ‎2. persuade A. usual B. insist C. sugar D. trousers ‎3. company A. alone B. carrot C. money D. knock ‎4. opposite A. service B. outside C. pioneer D. police ‎5. society A. official B. recent C. chocolate D. difficult 第二节 语法和词汇知识（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）‎ ‎6. ---What shall we do tonight then?‎ ‎ ---_________--whatever you want.‎ A. Help yourself B. It’s a deal C. No problem D. It’s up to you ‎ ‎7. He missed ______ gold in the high jump, but will get _____ second chance in the long jump.‎ A. the; the B. /; a C. the; a D. a; /‎ ‎8. That evening, _____ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.‎ A. that B. which C. what D. when ‎9. Sarah made ______ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.‎ A. herself B. this C. that D. it ‎ ‎10. Tony lent me the money, ______that I’d do as much for him.‎ A. hoping B. to hope C. hoped D. having hoped ‎11. I had hardly got to the office ______ my wife phoned me to go back home at once.‎ A. when B. than C. until D. after ‎12. We ______ to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day.‎ A. set about B. set up C. set out D. set down 个房子但只完成了前面的部分。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查动词短语的含义。‎ ‎13. Next to biology , I like physics ________.‎ A. better B. best C. the better D. very well ‎14. ---Did you ask Sophia for help?‎ ‎---I ______ need to – I managed perfectly well on my own.‎ A. wouldn’t B. don’t C. didn’t D. won’t ‎15. The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy _____ anything that happened to be on.‎ A. to watch B. watching C. watched D. to have watched ‎16. ‎100℃‎ is the temperature ______ which water will boil.‎ A. for B. at C. on D. of ‎17. I’m going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _______ find the money.‎ A. can B. might C. would D. need ‎18. The manager ______ the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.‎ A. has told B. is telling C. has been telling D. will have told ‎19. The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in great ______ in this city.‎ A. quantity B. progress C. production D. demand ‎20. ---Try not to work yourself too hard. Take it easy.‎ ‎--- Thanks. _________‎ A. So what? B. No way C. What for? D. You， too.‎ 第三节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ Around twenty years ago I was living in York. 21 I had a lot of experience and a Master’s ‎ degree, I could not find 22 work.‎ I was ‎23 a school bus to make ends meet and 24 with a friend of mine, for I had lost my flat. I had 25 five interviews (面试) with a company and one day between bus runs they called to say I did not 26 the job. “Why has my life become so 27 ?” I thought painfully.‎ As I pulled the bus over to ‎28 a little girl, she handed me an earring 29 I should keep it 30 somebody claimed (认领) it. The earring was painted black and said “BE HAPPY”.‎ At first I got angry. Then it 31 me – I had been giving all of my 32 to what was going wrong with my 33 rather than what was right! I decided then and there to make a 34 of fifty things I was happy with. Later, I decided to 35 more things to the list. That night there was a phone call for 36 from a lady who was a director at a larger 37 . She asked me if I would ‎38 a one-day lecture on stress (压力) management to 200 medical workers. I said yes.‎ My 39 there went very well, and before long I got a well-paid job. To this day I know that it was because I changed my way of 40 that I completely changed my life.‎ ‎21. A. As B. Though C. If D. When ‎23. A. driving B. repairing C. taking D. designing ‎24. A. working B. travelling C. discussing D. living ‎25. A. prepared for B. attended C. asked for D. held ‎26. A. lose B. like C. find D. get ‎27. A. hard B. busy C. serious D. short ‎28. A. wave at B. drop off C. call on D. look for ‎29. A. ordering B. promising C. saying D. showing ‎30. A. in case B. or else C. as if D. now that ‎31. A. hurt B. hit C. caught D. moved ‎32. A. feelings B. attention C. strength D. interests ‎33. A. opinions B. education C. experiences D. life ‎34. A. list B. book C. check D. copy ‎35. A. connect B. turn C. keep D. add ‎36. A. her B. a passenger C. me D. my friend ‎37. A. hospital B. factory C. restaurant D. hotel ‎38. A. listen to B. review C. give D. talk about ‎39. A. plan B. choice C. day D. tour ‎40. A. operation B. speaking C. employment D. thinking 第二部分 阅读理解 (满分45分)‎ 第一节　语篇阅读 (每小题2分)‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。(每小题2分)‎ ‎(A)‎ Cold weather can be hard on pets, just like it can be hard on people. Sometimes owners forget that their cats are just as used to the warm shelter (住所) as they are. Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time, thinking that all animals are used to living outdoors. This can put their pets in danger of serious illness. There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe.‎ Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad. If you have to take them out, stay outside with them. When you’re cold enough to go inside, they probably are too. If you must leave them outside for a long time, make sure they have a warm, solid shelter against the wind, thick bedding, and plenty of non-frozen water.‎ If left alone outside, dogs and cats can be very smart in their search for warm shelter. They can dig into snow banks or hide somewhere. Watch them closely when they are left outdoors, and provide them with shelter of good quality. Keep an eye on your pet’s water. Sometimes owners don’t realize that a water bowl has frozen and their pet can’t get anything to drink. Animals that don’t have clean and unfrozen water may drink dirty water outside, which may contain something unhealthy for them.‎ ‎41. What do we learn about pets from Paragraph 1?‎ ‎ A. They are often forgotten by their owners.‎ ‎ B. They are used to living outdoors.‎ ‎ C. They build their own shelter.‎ ‎ D. They like to stay in warm places.‎ ‎42. Why are pet owners asked to stay with their pets when they are out in cold weather?‎ ‎ A. To know when to bring them inside.‎ ‎ B. To keep them from eating bad food.‎ ‎ C. To help them find shelters.‎ ‎ D. To keep them company.‎ ‎43. If pets are left on their own outdoors in cold weather, they may ___.‎ ‎ A. run short of clean water B. dig deep holes for fun ‎ C. dirty the snow nearby D. get lost in the wild ‎44. What is the purpose of this text?‎ ‎ A. To solve a problem. B. To give practical advice.‎ ‎ C. To tell an interesting story. D. To present a research result.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(B)‎ You may think that sailing is a difficult sport, but it is really not hard to learn it. You do not need to be strong. But you need to be quick. And you need to understand a few basic rules about the wind.‎ First, you must ask yourself, “Where is the wind coming from? Is it coming from ahead or behind or from the side?” You must think about this all the time on the boat. The wind direction tells you what to do with the sail.‎ Let’s start with the wind blowing from the behind. This means the wind and the boat are going in the same direction. Then you must always keep the sail outside the boat. It should be at a 90° angle (角度) to the boat. Then it will catch the wind best.‎ If the wind is blowing from the side, it is blowing across the boat. In this case, you must keep the sail half way outside the boat. It should be at a 45° angle to the boat. It needs to be out far enough to catch the wind, but it shouldn’t flap (摆动). It shouldn’t look like on a flagpole. If it is flapping, it is probably out too far, and the boat will slow down.‎ Sailing into the wind is not possible. If you try, the sail will flap and the boat will stop. You may want to go in that direction. It is possible, but you can’t go in a straight line. You must go first in one direction and then in another. This is called tacking. When you are tacking, you must always keep the sail inside the boat.‎ ‎45. What should you consider first while sailing?‎ ‎ A. Sailors’ strength. B. Wave levels.‎ ‎ C. Wind directions. D. Size of sails.‎ ‎46. What does the word “It” underlined in Paragraph 4 refer to?‎ ‎ A. The boat. B. The wind. C. The sail. D. The angle.‎ ‎47. What do you have to do when sailing against the wind?‎ ‎ A. Move in a straight line. B. Allow the sail to flap.‎ ‎ C. Lower the sail. D. Tack the boat.‎ ‎48. Where can you probably find the text?‎ ‎ A. In a popular magazine. B. In a tourist guidebook.‎ ‎ C. In a physics textbook. D. In an official report.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(C)‎ Facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships. For example, in American culture (文化) the smile is in general an expression of pleasure. Yet it also has other uses. A woman’s smile at a police officer does not carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young child. A smile may show love or politeness. It can also hide true feelings. It often causes confusion (困惑) across cultures. For example, many people in Russia smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even improper. Yet many Americans smile freely at strangers in public places (although this is less common in big cities). Some Russians believe that Americans smile in the wrong places; some Americans believe that Russians don’t smile enough. ‎ In Southeast Asian culture, a smile is frequently used to cover painful feelings. Vietnamese people may tell a sad story but end the story with a smile.‎ Our faces show emotions (情感), but we should not attempt to “read” people from another culture as we would “read” someone from our own culture. The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions. Rather, there are cultural differences in the amount of facial expressions permitted. For example, in public and in formal situations many Japanese do not show their emotions as freely as Americans do. When with friends, Japanese and Americans seem to show their emotions similarly.‎ It is difficult to generalize about Americans and facial expressiveness because of personal and cultural differences in the United States. People from certain cultural backgrounds in the United States seem to be more facially expressive than others. The key is to try not to judge people whose ways of showing emotion are different. If we judge according to our own cultural habits, we may make the mistake of “reading” the other person incorrectly.‎ ‎49. What does the smile usually mean in the U.S.‎?‎ ‎ A. Love. B. Politeness. C. Joy. D. Thankfulness.‎ ‎50. The author mentions the smile of the Vietnamese to prove that smile can ___ .‎ ‎ A. show friendliness to strangers B. be used to hide true feelings ‎ C. be used in the wrong places D. show personal habits ‎51. What should we do before attempting to “read” people?‎ ‎ A. Learn about their relations with others.‎ ‎ B. Understand their cultural backgrounds.‎ ‎ C. Find out about their past experience.‎ ‎ D. Figure out what they will do next.‎ ‎52. What would be the best title for the test?‎ ‎ A. Cultural Differences B. Smiles and Relationship ‎ C. Facial Expressiveness D. Habits and Emotions ‎(D)‎ ADDIS ABABA, Ethiopia – One of the world’s most famous fossils (化石) – the 3.2 million-year-old Lucy skeleton (骨骼) unearthed in Ethiopia in 1974 – will go on an exhibition tour abroad for the first time in the United States, officials said Tuesday.‎ Even the Ethiopian public has only seen Lucy twice. The Lucy on exhibition at the Ethiopian National Museum in the capital, Addis Ababa, is a replica while the real remains are usually ‎ locked in a secret storeroom. A team from the Museum of National Science in Houston, Texas, spent four years discussing with the Ethiopians for the U.S.‎ tour, which will start in Houston next September.‎ ‎“Ethiopia’s rich culture of both the past and today, is one of the best kept secrets in the world,” said Joel Bartsch, director of the Houston museum.‎ The six-year tour will also go to Washington, New York, Denver and Chicago. Officials said six other U.S.‎ cities may be on the tour. But they said plans had not been worked out.‎ Travelling with Lucy will be 190 other fossils.‎ Lucy, her name taken from a Beatles song that played in a camp the night of her discovery, is part of the skeleton of what was once a 3-foot-tall ape-man (猿人).‎ ‎【文章大意】‎ 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了埃塞尔比亚的古老化石去美国展出的事件安排。‎ ‎53. The author writes this text mainly to ___ .‎ ‎ A. introduce a few U.S.‎ museums ‎ B. describe some research work ‎ C. discuss the value of an ape-man ‎ D. report a coming event ‎54. What does the words “a replica” in Paragraph 2 refer to?‎ ‎ A. A painting of the skeleton. B. A photograph of Lucy ‎ C. A copy of the skeleton. D. A written record of Lucy.‎ ‎【考点定位】考查猜测词义。‎ ‎55. How many cities has Lucy’s U.S.‎ tour plan already included?‎ ‎ A. Four. B. Five. C. Six. D. Eleven.‎ ‎56. What was the skeleton named after?‎ ‎ A. An ape-man. B. A song. C. A singer. D. A camp.‎ ‎(E)‎ Make Up Your Mind to Succeed Kind-hearted parents have unknowingly left their children defenseless against failure. The generation born between 1980 and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores and performance were played down because “everyone’s winner.” And their report cards sounded more positive (正面的) than ever before. As a result, Stanford‎ ‎University professor Carol Dweck, PhD, calls them “the overpraised generation.”‎ Dweck has been studying how people deal with failure for 40 years. Her research has led her to find out two clearly different mind-sets that have a great effect on how we react to it. Here’s how they work:‎ A fixed mind-set is grounded in the belief that talent (才能) is genetic – you’re a born artist, point guard, or numbers person. The fixed mind-set believes it’s sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame. When things get difficult, it’s quick to blame, lie, and even stay away from future difficulties.‎ On the other hand, a growth mind-set believes that no talent is entirely heaven-sent and that effort and learning make everything possible. Because the ego (自尊) isn’t on the line as much, the growth mind-set sees failure as a chance rather than shame. When faced with a difficulty, it’s quick to rethink, change and try again. In fact, it enjoys this experience.‎ We are all born with growth mind-sets. (Otherwise, we wouldn’t be able to live in the world.) ‎ But parents, teachers, and instructors often push us into fixed mind-sets by encouraging certain actions and misdirecting praise. Dweck’s book, Mind-set: The New Psychology of Success, and online instructional program explain this in depth. But she says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure that your children, grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure.‎ ‎57. What does the author think about the present generation?‎ ‎ A. They don’t do well at school. B. They are often misunderstood.‎ ‎ C. They are eager to win in sports. D. They are given too much praise.‎ ‎58. A fixed mind-set person is probably one who ___ .‎ ‎ A. doesn’t want to work hard ‎ B. cares a lot about personal safety ‎ C. cannot share his ideas with others ‎ D. can succeed with the help of teachers ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】根据文章第三段中的“The fixed mind-set believes it’s sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame.”可知：他相信成功但不想付出努力。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查判断推理。‎ ‎59. What does the growth mind-set believe?‎ ‎ A. Admitting failure is shameful.‎ ‎ B. Talent comes with one’s birth.‎ ‎ C. Scores should be highly valued.‎ ‎ D. Getting over difficulties is enjoyable.‎ ‎60. What should parents do for their children based on Dweck’s study?‎ ‎ A. Encourage them to learn from failures.‎ ‎ B. Prevent them from making mistakes.‎ ‎ C. Guide them in doing little things.‎ ‎ D. Help them grow with praise.‎ 第二节 根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。(每小题1分)‎ Daughter：Dad. You love me, don’t you?‎ Father：Of course, I do. 61 ‎ Daughter：Well, I saw this great offer for a free phone here in the newspaper, and …‎ Father： 62 ‎ Daughter：Well, the phone is free … after the＄50 I pay is returned to me.‎ Father：Ah, so that’s the catch. 63 ‎ Daughter：Dad. All my friends have one.‎ Father：Ah, I don’t know. 64 ‎ Daughter：But the monthly charge for this service is only＄29.99, with 1,000 free weekday minutes nationwide, and unlimited weekend minutes.‎ Father：I don’t know.‎ Daughter：Please Dad. With the new phone you won’t have to worry about me while I’m driving the new car.‎ Father： 65 ‎ Daughter：The new car you’ll need to buy so I can use the phone.‎ A. Ah… what’s on your mind? B. New car? What new car?‎ C. Free? Nothing’s ever free. D. What did you do to the new car?‎ E. And why on earth do you need a phone? F. They always charge a lot for the service.‎ G. But what is the term of the service agreement?‎ 第II卷 第三部分　写　　作 (共三节，满分55分)‎ 第一节　单词拼写 (每小题1分) ‎ 根据下列句子及所给汉语注释，在答题卡相应题号的横线上写出空缺处各单词的正确形式(每空只写一词)。‎ ‎66. Do you speak any __________ (外国) languages?‎ ‎67. Rebecca was the __________ (骄傲) of her family.‎ ‎68. Will you stop __________ (打断) me when I’m talking?‎ ‎69. David Beckham’s __________ (国籍) is British.‎ ‎70. The __________ (现代) history of Italy dates from 1860.‎ ‎71. Bob’s __________ (侄子) is a freshman at Harvard University.‎ ‎72. Alice wanted to borrow Jack’s computer, but he __________ (拒绝).‎ ‎73. Her __________ (书架) are filled with books and photos.‎ ‎74. What are you girls __________ (耳语) about?‎ ‎75. Don’t __________ (咳嗽) more than you can help.‎ 第二节　短文改错 (每小题1. 5分，共15分)‎ 此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。先对标有题号的每一行作出判断：如无错误，在该行右边横线上画一个勾（√）；如有错误（每行只有一个错误），则按下列情况改正：‎ 该行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。‎ 该行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。‎ 该行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。‎ 注意：⒈ 原行没有错的不要改；‎ ‎⒉ 答案必须写在答题卡相应的位置上。‎ Dear Editor,‎ I’m writing to tell you opinion about water saving. 76.______‎ Water is important. We, as well as animal, cannot live 77.______‎ without water and neither agriculture or industry can go 78.______‎ without it. Yet it seemed water is becoming less and less. 79.______‎ Many countries in the world find we don’t have enough water. 80.______‎ To deal with a problem, I think, we should first go all 81.______‎ out to plant trees though trees will help save water. Next, no 82.______‎ drinking water should be left running. Third, we should find 83.______‎ ways to reuse the water using in washing, especially bath 84.______‎ water for which is quite a lot, and that will save much water. 85.______‎ Sincerely,‎ Li Hua 第三节　书面表达 (30分)‎ 假定你是李华。你班同学决定为小明举办生日聚会。请你写信邀请外教Susan参加，要点包括：‎ ‎⒈ 时间：周五晚8点至9点 ‎⒉ 地点：学生俱乐部 ‎⒊ 内容：生日歌、蛋糕、游戏等 ‎⒋ 要求：备小礼物 注意：⒈ 词数100左右，开头语已为你写好；⒉可以适当增加细节，以便行文连贯；⒊ 答案必须写在答题卡相应的位置上。‎ Hi, Susan,‎ We’re throwing a surprise party for Xiaoming’s birthday. ‎