走向高考2014高三英语人教版一轮课后强化作业34Astronomy 7页

Unit 4　Astronomy: the science of the stars[来源:中+国教+育出+版网]‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．What do you think of the new ________ (制度)?‎ ‎2．“What happened？” John's mother asked him in a ________ (温和的) voice.‎ ‎3．Before the Earth's protective ________ (大气层) was formed, there was no life except in the sea.‎ ‎4．With the ________ (引力) of the moon and the sun each day, tides (潮汐) roll in and roll away.‎ ‎5．He managed to finish the race, ________ (不像) more than half of the competitors.‎ ‎6．His face wore a ________ (困惑的，迷惑的) expression.‎ ‎7．Eating too many desserts can be ________ (有害的) to one's teeth.‎ ‎8．The plane ________ (坠毁，碰撞) into the mountain.‎ ‎9．According to the ________ (理论) of relativity (相对论), nothing can travel faster than light.‎ ‎10．Most of the evidence had been destroyed. ________ (因此，于是), it was almost impossible to prove him guilty.‎ 答案：1.system　2.gentle　3.atmosphere　4.pull　5.unlike　6.puzzled　7.harmful　8.crashed　9.theory　10.Thus Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎1．既然已做完了作业，你可以去玩会足球休息一下。‎ ‎________ ________you've finished your homework, you can go and play football to have a rest.‎ ‎2．没有什么可以阻止我爱她。‎ Nothing on earth can________me________loving her.‎ ‎3．努力干好你的工作，你一定会成功的。‎ Do your best in your career, and you'll succeed________ ________.‎ ‎4．甲型流感今年在全球多个国家爆发。[来源:中*国教*育出*版网]‎ H1N1 flu________ ________in many countries all over the world this year.‎ ‎5．给玛丽打个电话，她需要鼓励。‎ Give Mary a call; she needs________ ________.‎ 答案：1.Now that　2.prevent; from　3.in time　4.broke out　5.cheering up Ⅲ.单项填空 ‎1．Noticing some broken toys______on the floor, I picked them up and________them on the chair, so I wasn't________.‎ A．lay; lay; lying　　　　　 B．lying; lay; lying C．laid; laid; laying D．lying; laid; lying 答案：D　本题考查易混词lie, lay的用法辨析。句意：看到地上有一些弄坏的玩具，我把它们捡起来，放在椅子上，因此我一直没有躺着(睡觉)。第一空用lie(躺)的现在分词作补语；第二空为lay(放下)的过去式laid，与picked并列作谓语；第三空用lie的现在分词，与be一起构成过去进行时。‎ ‎2．The girl looked at me with a______expression. Maybe the problem was quite______.‎ A．puzzled; puzzling B．puzzling; puzzled C．puzzled; puzzled D．puzzling; puzzling 答案：A　本题考查puzzle的用法。句意：这个女孩满脸迷惑地看着我。也许那个问题很让人迷惑。puzzled“迷惑的”，可修饰人，也可修饰expression, look等；puzzling“令人迷惑的，让人费解的”，常用来说明事物。‎ ‎3．They managed to________the old buildings to widen the street and beautify the city.‎ A．break down B．pull down C．put down D．burn down 答案：B　本题考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了加宽街道、美化城市，他们已设法拆除了那些旧楼。pull down“拆毁，推翻”，符合语境。break down“分解，中止”；put down“放下，镇压”；burn down“烧光，烧成平地”，均不符合句意。‎ ‎4．—I'm thinking of tomorrow's maths test. I'm afraid I can't pass it.‎ ‎—________. I'm sure you'll make it.‎ A．No problem B．Good luck[来源:中教网]‎ C．Give up D．Cheer up 答案：D　本题考查交际用语。从上句可知，说话人“担心明天数学考试不及格”；而从答语人的“I'm sure you'll make it.(我相信你会成功的)”可推测，是在鼓励对方，故用cheer up“振作起来，高兴起来”。no problem“没问题”；good luck“祝你好运”；give up“放弃”，都不符合语境。‎ ‎5．I can't help________the cleaning________I'm busy making some dumplings now.‎ A．doing; because B．to do; now that C．doing; since D．to do; therefore 答案：B　本题考查非谓语动词及连词的用法。本题很容易误选A，误认为是can't help后就跟动名词。句意：我不能帮助大扫除，因为我现在正忙着包饺子。从I'm busy making some dumplings now来看，此处help应为“帮助”，can't help(to)do sth. 表示“不能帮助做某事”；now that意为“既然”，表示原因。‎ ‎6．The study shows that the________scenes in movies and TV are harmful________children.‎ A．cheerful; for B．violent; to C．disappointing; for D．touching; for 答案：B　本题考查形容词辨析及介词用法。violent“暴力的”，violent scenes“暴力场景”；be harmful to...意为“对……有害”。‎ ‎7．Some policemen were sent there to__________the villagers ‎________the trees.[来源:学&科&网]‎ A．keep; cutting down B．prevent; cutting down C．prevent; to cut up D．stop; to cut up 答案：B　prevent/stop...(from)doing sth.表示“阻止……做某事”，不能说prevent/stop...to do sth.。keep...from doing sth. 也有“阻止……做某事”的意思，但from不能省略。‎ ‎8．Fortunately, I was just________to catch the last bus to the hotel.‎ A．at times B．about C．in time D．too late 答案：C　句意：很幸运，我及时赶上了去宾馆的最后一班车。in time“及时”，作表语。at times“有时”；be about to do表示“就要做……”；too late“太晚了”，均与题意不符。‎ ‎9．—What did she want to know, Tom?[来源:zzstep.com]‎ ‎—She wondered________we could complete the experiment.‎ A．when was it B．it was when that C．when was it D．when it was that 答案：D　本题考查从句的语序及强调句。wonder后跟连接副词when引导的宾语从句，用陈述句语序；该从句使用了强调句式。‎ ‎10．________！ Don't get too close to the building of which walls are being painted.‎ A．Get along B．Come on C．Watch out D．Set off 答案：C　考查短语辨析。句意：当心！不要太靠近那座建筑物，它的墙正在被刷漆。watch out在这里用来提醒别人注意。get along “进展，相处”；come on“加油”；set off“动身，出发”。‎ ‎11．The doctor had almost lost hope at one point but the patient finally________.‎ A．pulled through B．pulled over C．pulled up D．pulled out 答案：A　pull through“康复，痊愈”，符合语境。pull over“把车开到路边，靠岸”；pull up“停车；停止”；pull out“驶出，退出”。‎ ‎12．Early in April, this year some experts indicated that H1N1 would________this winter.‎ A．break down B．break out ‎ C．break up D．break off ‎ 答案：B　句意：今年四月，一些专家预测甲流会在今冬爆发。break out“发生”；break down“(机器等)坏了，(谈判等)失败，分解”；break up“解散，分裂，解体，打碎”；break off“折断”。‎ ‎13．The young dancers look so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took________pictures of them.‎ A．many of B．masses of C．the number of D．a large amount of 答案：B　句中的them指上文的young dancers；若用many of指“照片中的许多”，不合题意，应该用many；masses of“大量的”，可接可数名词复数或不可数名词；the number of指“……的数目”；a large amount of“大量的”，只接不可数名词。[来源:中+国教+育出+版网]‎ ‎14．The new bridge is________the one built last year.‎ A．three times as wider as B．three times the width of C．three times the width D．as three times as 答案：B　考查倍数表达法。A项wider应改为wide；C项width后应加of。‎ ‎15．Sometimes he found________very hard to fall asleep at night, so he went to see the doctor.‎ A．him B．this C．that D．it 答案：D　句意：他发现晚上有时候很难入睡，于是他就去看医生了。it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是to fall asleep at night。其他选项都不能作形式宾语。‎ Ⅳ.阅读理解 A ‎(2019·江西)‎ Why should mankind explore space? Why should money, time and effort be spent exploring and researching something with so few apparent benefits? Why should resources be spent on space rather than on conditions and people on Earth? These are questions that, understandably, are very often asked.‎ Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup(基因构成) as human beings. What drove our ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all possible areas and environments? The wider the spread of a species, the better its chance of survival. Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to expand wherever possible.‎ Nearly every successful civilization has explored, because by doing so, any dangers in ‎ surrounding areas can be identified and prepared for. Without knowledge, we may be completely destroyed by the danger. With knowledge, we can lessen its effects.‎ Exploration also allows minerals and other potential(潜在的) resources to be found. Even if we have no immediate need of them, they will perhaps be useful later. Resources may be more than physical possessions. Knowledge or techniques have been acquired through exploration. The techniques may have medical applications which can improve the length or quality of our lives. We have already benefited from other spinoffs including improvements in earthquake prediction, in satellites for weather forecasting and in communications systems. Even nonstick pans and mirrored sunglasses are byproducts(副产品) of technological developments in the space industry!‎ While many resources are spent on what seems a small return, the exploration of space allows creative, brave and intelligent members of our species to focus on what may serve to save us. While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was formed or how it works, it also holds dangers. The danger exists, but knowledge can help human beings to survive. Without the ability to reach out across space, the chance to save ourselves might not exist.‎ While Earth is the only planet known to support life, surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to live on other planets. It is true that the lifestyle would be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future.‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇议论文，向我们阐述了人类进行太空探索的原因。人类的基因构成决定了人类探索其他领域包括太空的能力。人类探索太空可能暂时没有多大用处，但是在将来这可能会帮助人类生存下去。[来源:Zxxk.Com]‎ ‎1．Why does the author mention the questions in Paragraph 1?‎ A．To express his doubts.[来源:中教网]‎ B．To compare different ideas.‎ C．To introduce points for discussion.‎ D．To describe the conditions on Earth.‎ 答案：C　推理判断题。作者在第一段提出问题目的是引出下面要讨论的话题。‎ ‎2．What is the reason for exploring space based on Paragraph 2?‎ A．Humans are natureborn to do so.‎ B．Humans have the tendency to fight.‎ C．Humans may find new sources of food.‎ D．Humans don't like to stay in the same place.‎ 答案：A　细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句可知人类探索太空的原因是其基因的构成。‎ ‎3．The underlined word “spinoffs” in Paragraph 4 probably refers to ________.‎ A．survival chances ‎ B．potential resources C．unexpected benefits D．physical possessions 答案：C　词义猜测题。后面所说的“improvements in earthquake prediction，in satellites for weather forecasting and in communications systems”可知此处的划线短语意为“益处，好处”。[来源:学#科#网]‎ ‎4．What makes it possible for humans to live on other planets?‎ A．Our genetic makeup. ‎ B．Resources on the earth.‎ C．The adaptive ability of humans.[来源:zzstep.com]‎ D．Byproducts in space exploration.‎ 答案：C　细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句话可知，人类的适应能力会让人类在其他星球生存下去。‎ ‎5．Which of the statements can best sum up the passage?‎ A．Space exploration has created many wonders.‎ B．Space exploration provides the best value for money.‎ C．Space exploration can benefit science and technology.‎ D．Space exploration may help us avoid potential problems on Earth.‎ 答案：D　主旨大意题。A、B两项可以容易地排除。全文主要讲的是太空探索对帮助人类生存的益处，而不是对科技的益处。‎ B If your cellphone suddenly stops working, don't blame the service provider. The malfunction(故障) might have been caused by something bigger—a solar storm. Experts expect that the earth will see more solar activities in the near future. The malfunction of electronic devices is just one of the effects.‎ Sunspots(太阳黑子) serve as an indicator of the sun's activity. For the past two years, sunspots have mostly been missing. Their absence, the longest in nearly 100 years, has taken even sun watchers by surprise.‎ When the number of sunspots drops at the end of each 11year cycle, solar storms die down and all become much calmer. This “solar minimum” doesn't last long. Within a year, sunspots and solar storms begin to build toward a new crescendo,_the next solar maximum.‎ What's special about this latest cycle is that the sun is having trouble starting the next solar cycle. The sun began to calm down in late 2019, so no one expected many sunspots in 2019. They should return in 2019. Scientists have predicted that the next solar cycle could be the most active on record: more sunspots and more solar storms. However, sunspots are mostly missing now.‎ Since the earth is in close contact with the sun, strong solar activities can bring trouble to our life. People of the 21st century rely on hightech systems for the basics of daily life. Air travel and radio communications can be affected by strong solar activities. A big solar storm could ‎ cause 20 times more economic damage than Hurricane Katrina.‎ What the sun will do next is beyond our ability to predict. Most astronomers think that the solar cycle will go on but at low level. However, there is also evidence that the sun is losing its ability to produce sunspots. By 2019, they could be gone altogether.‎ 文章大意：如果你的手机不能正常工作了，请不要把责任推向服务提供商。这样的故障也许是太阳黑子引起的。‎ ‎6．The sun watchers feel surprised at________.‎ A. the longest sunspots' absence B. the largest sunspot number C. the malfunction of electronic devices[来源:中国教育出版网zzstep.com]‎ D. the serious damage by sunspots 答案：A　细节理解题。从文章第二段可知太阳黑子长时间的消失让太阳观测者很吃惊。‎ ‎7．What does the underlined word “crescendo” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?‎ A. small number B. high level C. usual cycle D. fresh start 答案：B　词义猜测题。从画线词前面的solar minimum和其后的the next solar maximum可知太阳黑子和太阳风暴会在一年内形成新高潮，故答案为B。‎ ‎8．We can infer that in the past two years________.‎ A. solar activities have brought much trouble to our life B. the number of sunspots has increased to a large extent C. the solar minimum took the place of the solar maximum[来源:1]‎ D．our cellphones have seldom been interrupted by the solar storm 答案：D　逻辑推理题。从第一段可知手机故障可能是由太阳风暴引起的，再结合第二段For the past two years, sunspots have mostly been missing.可推知D项正确。[来源:1ZXXK]‎ ‎9．Which statement does the text lead you to believe?‎ A. Solar activities do no harm to our daily life.‎ B. Hurricane Katrina is also a type of solar storms.‎ C. It's difficult to predict sunspots.‎ D. From now on there're no sunspots.‎ 答案：C　推理判断题。从最后一段可推知太阳黑子是不好预测的，故C项正确。‎