英语高考名词性从句复习导学案 8页

名词性从句 学习目标：‎ ‎1. 学习名词性从句的基本用法，并学会在具体情境中对连接词的运用；掌握名词性从句与其他从句的区别；学会巧用名词性从句增强作文色彩。 ‎ ‎2. 通过自主学习和小组合作，尝试发现式方法去学习掌握名词性从句的用法。‎ ‎3. 探索规律，发现语言的理性魅力，体验英语语言内涵，激发学习英语的自信心和兴趣。‎ ‎【晨读美文】 ‎ ‎ Charles Dickens ‎ Charles Dickens (1812-1870) was born in London. His father was put in prison because he could not pay his bills, and two days after his 13th birthday, Dickens started work in a factory, experiencing real poverty. As a young man, he worked for newspapers and as a political journalist, he met all kinds of people. Using all these experiences, Dickens started writing novels in his early thirties and became successful almost immediately.‎ ‎ Oliver Twist, his second novel, which was published in 1838, was hugely successful. It told the story of a young orphan alone in the dangerous streets of London. The story ends happily ---the young boy discovers who his real parents are and finds a loving home. However, it brought child poverty to the attention of the public, and for this reason alone it is a very important novel.‎ ‎ Over the next 25 years, he wrote a large number of popular novels that are still read today. Dickens often wrote about the problems of poor people, and as a result of his work, the lives of the poor were improved.‎ ‎ It is generally believed that he died of a heart attack as a result of his excitement while reading the final part of Oliver Twist. （P 336 《高中英语晨读晚诵》 ）‎ 预习案 Task 1. 欣赏歌曲《as long as you love me》,体验从句的美感：‎ Task 2. 根据下面句子对比，总结名词性从句的用法。‎ ‎1. His job is important. What he does is important.‎ ‎2. This is his job. This is what he does every day.‎ ‎3. I don’t like his job.I don’t like what he does every day.‎ ‎4. I don’t know about the man, Mr. White.‎ I don’t know about the fact that he is a teacher.‎ ‎ ‎ Task 3. 请划出下面美文中的名词性从句，指明类型以及引导词，并背诵短文。‎ So what will matter?  What will matter is not what you bought, but what you built; not what you got, but what you gave. What will matter is not your success, but your significance. What will matter is not your competence, but your character. What will matter is not how many people you knew, but how many will feel a lasting loss when you're gone. ‎ If we are brave enough to love，strong enough to forgive，generous enough to share another's happiness，and wise enough to know there is enough love to go around for us all，then we can achieve a fulfillment that no other living creature will ever know.‎ What I am thinking now is that it is our responsibility that we should do whatever we can ‎ to realize our dream that we’ll make our motherland richer, stronger, and more prosperous. （P 316 《高中英语晨读晚诵》 ）‎ ‎ ‎ 探究案 探究一：名词性从句的本质 读以下句子，理解句子并注意从句的句子类型以及连接词，总结名词性从句用法。‎ ‎1. When we will start is not clear.‎ ‎2. Mrs Black won’t believe that her son has become a thief.‎ ‎3. My idea is that we should do it right now.‎ ‎4. I had no idea that you were her friend.‎ 根据以上句子总结名词性从句的基本用法特点：‎ 名词从句引导词 对应的简单句类型 引导词是否作成分/实义 引导词是否省略 连词that 连词whether，if 连接副词when，where，why，how 连接代词who，whom，what，which，whose when，where，why，how在从句中作 ‎ who，whom，what在从句中作 ‎ which，whose在从句中作 ‎ ‎◆ 探究学习：‎ 一．名词性从句的含义 尝试：判断划线部分的句子在主句中充当的成分。 ‎ ‎1. What he does is important. ( ) ‎ ‎2. This is what he does every day. ( ) ‎ ‎3. I don’t like what he does every day. ( ) ‎ ‎4. I don’t know about the fact that he is a teacher. ( )‎ 思考：‎ ‎1. 一个句子在连接词的引导下，在句子中起________作用的句子叫名词性从句。‎ ‎2．名词性从句相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任哪些句子成分？‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎3. 根据从句在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句可分为哪四类呢？‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________‎ 二．引导名词性从句的连接词：‎ 尝试：判断下面名词性从句的连接词，并判断连接词在从句中充当的成分。‎ 例：No one knows who took away the key. （ who ）（ 主语 ）‎ ‎1. I want to know whether/if she still lives here. （ ）（ ）‎ ‎2. What she said is not true. （ ）（ ）‎ ‎3. Who broke the window has not been found out. （ ）（ ）‎ ‎4. He asked whose handwriting is the best in our class. （ ）（ ）‎ ‎5. That is why she left home yesterday. （ ）（ ）‎ ‎6. Have you heard the news that Mary will be back soon? （ ）（ ）‎ ‎7. I really feel that he needs more experience. （ ）（ ）‎ ‎8. It is unwise to give your child whatever he wants. （ ）（ ）‎ 思考：‎ 1、 连接代词：who, whoever, whose, whom, whomever, what, which词义________________，在从句中担任成分，担任哪些成分？__________________‎ l I don’t believe __________ he has achieved so far.‎ l ‎__________ breaks the law should be punished.‎ ‎2、连接副词：when, where, why, how词义______________，在从句中担任成分，担任哪些成分？_____________________________________‎ l ‎__________ we will hand in the project will be discussed later.‎ l Parents are thought to understand _________ important education is to their children’s future.‎ ‎3、从属连词：that, whether, if, as if, as though。that 词义___________，在从句中担任成分，有时可省略；if (whether), as if词义_______，但在从句中_______担任成分。‎ l I don’t care about __________ you have money or not.‎ l The problem is __________ Tom is able to arrive on time.‎ l ‎__________ the meeting will be held here is not decided yet. ‎ l It looks __________ it is going to rain.‎ l The truth is __________he didn’t come for the concert.‎ l ‎__________ the earth is round is true.‎ 总结：‎ 连接词 词义 担任成分 关系代词 关系副词 从属连词 三．名词性从句的类型：‎ ‎1. 主语从句：在复合句中作主句的_______。连接词有that, whether; who, what ,which; when ,where, how, why 等。 如:‎ l ‎__________ he is a famous singer is known to us.‎ l ‎__________ he will go to America is not yet fixed.‎ l ‎__________ she’s coming or not doesn’t matter too much. ‎ l ‎__________ broke the glass yesterday is not clear.‎ 尝试：‎ l It worried her a bit ______ her hair was turning grey.‎ A. while B. that C. if D. for l It remains a question ______ we can get so much money in such a short time.‎ A. how B. that C. when D. what l It is known to us ______ where there is pollution, there is harm.‎ A. which B. where C. what D. that 思考：‎ ‎1. 为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻, 经常用it作__________, 主语从句放在后面作真正的__________。‎ 常见的相关句型主要有it作形式主语的句型：‎ It’s likely / possible / that…____________________It’s clear that…__________________‎ It’s said / reported that…__________It’s been announced / declared that…____________‎ It’s no wonder that…_________________It’s a common knowledge that…__________‎ ‎2. 表语从句：在复合句中作主句的_______。引导词有连词that , whether, as if, as though; who, what, which, whose; when, where, how, why, because 等。如:‎ l The problem is _________ we didn’t get in touch with him.‎ l This is _________ Henry solved the problem. ‎ l His suggestion is _________ we (should) finish the work at once.‎ l It looked _________ it was going to rain.‎ l The reason _________ we didn't trust him is _________ he has often lied．‎ ‎3.宾语从句：在复合句中作主句的________。 引导词有连词that , whether, if; who, whom, whose, what ,which; when ,where, how, why 等。如:‎ ‎● They realize ________ it is of great value to teach them to the younger generation.‎ ‎● I can’t imagine________made him act like that.‎ ‎● I asked______ they had a cheap suit.‎ ‎● It depends on ________ we’ll do it.‎ ‎● I am glad_______ you can come and help me.‎ 思考：‎ ‎ 宾语从句不仅可以放在及物动词后面，作及物动词的宾语，还可以放在______ 和_______的后面，作它们的宾语。‎ ‎4. 同位语从句：在复合句中起_______的作用。 一般放在名词 idea ；belief ； fact ； truth ；problem ；news, information; hope; thought; promise等之后, 用以说明或解释前面的名词。常用 that, whether, who, whom, when, where, why, how等引导(whose和which 不引导同位语从句)‎ l We all know the truth ______ the earth goes round the sun.‎ A. that B. which C. what D. whether l The problem ______ it is right or wrong has not yet been decided.‎ A. which B. that C. whether D. if l The fact______he didn’t see Tom yesterday is true.‎ A. that B. which C. when D. what l The question came up at the meeting ______we had enough money for our research.‎ A. that B. what C. which D. whether l Danby left word with my secretary ______ he would call again in the afternoon. ‎ A. who B. that C. as D. which 尝试：判断以下从句的类型：‎ ‎1. The news that he joined the army is inspiring.‎ ‎2. The news that he told me is inspiring.‎ ‎3. Do you know the fact that he stole the car?‎ ‎4. Do you know the fact that they were talking about?‎ 思考：‎ a. 定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中__________一个成分，充当__________成分时可省略。‎ b.‎ ‎ 同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的__________，表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的that 在同位语从句中_________成分，只起连接作用, 无具体含义,且不可省略.‎ 小试牛刀 ‎1._________ he said has nothing to do with you.‎ ‎2. _________we’ll start tomorrow will be told soon.‎ ‎3. ________he did such a thing satisfied me.‎ ‎4. ________ we can protect cultural relics needs to be discussed.‎ ‎5. I didn’t understand ____ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.（2014广东语法填空）‎ ‎6. It was unimaginable it could ever be cleaned up. （2014全国I语法填空改编）‎ ‎7. Everyone on the bus began talking about the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers suddenly became friendly to one another. （2014全国Ⅱ语法填空改编）‎ ‎ 探究二：连接词that与what的区别 读下面句子，分析连接词that与what的区别。‎ ‎1. That a new teacher will come to our school is true. ‎ ‎2. What we can’t get seems better than what we have.‎ ‎3. You can do what you want to do, have what you want to have, and be what you want to be.‎ ‎4. We find that even our bad days have bright moments.‎ ‎5. The fact is that he has not been seen recently.‎ ‎6. China is no longer what she used to be.‎ ‎7. The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.‎ ‎8. Do you have any idea what is actually going on in the classroom? （2012辽宁）‎ 根据以上句子总结that与what的区别：‎ ‎1. ‎ ‎2. ‎ 小试牛刀 ‎1. After five hours’ drive, they reached 　　　 was the place they’d been dreaming of.‎ ‎2. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at 　　　　was a dangerous speed. ‎ ‎3. The way he did it was different from　　　 we were used to. ‎ ‎4.___________ the earth is round is known to us all.‎ ‎5. Father made a promise ______ if I passed the examination he would buy me a computer.‎ ‎ 探究三：其他连接词在名词性从句中的用法 读下面句子，探究在以下名词性从句中连接词的用法。‎ ‎1. ---Do you know what Mr Black’s address is?‎ ‎2. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter which it was? ‎ ‎3.（2014北京）The best moment for the football star was when he scored the winning goal.‎ ‎4.（2014福建）Pick yourself up. Courage is doing what you're afraid to do.‎ ‎5.（2014四川）Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, "That's where I was born."‎ ‎6.（2012四川）Scientists study how human brains work to make computers.‎ ‎7.（2012湖南） Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesn't matter whether you have lived there for a short or a long time. ‎ 根据以上句子总结如何做好名词性从句的连接词选择问题：‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 拓展：‎ 从句的嵌套结构：‎ ‎1. I realized that what I said was not what I meant to say. ‎ ‎2. That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing.‎ ‎ 探究四：名词性从句与其他从句的辨析 根据以下句子总结如何辨析名词性从句与其他从句的引导词：‎ ‎1. The suggestion that he should not go there is of great value.‎ ‎2. The suggestion that he made is of great value.‎ ‎3.（2014重庆）—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?‎ ‎—Yeah, but I have no idea why he did it; that’s one of his favorite universities.‎ ‎4. Do you still remember the day when he came?‎ ‎5. ----Do you remember how he came? ‎ ‎----Yes, I do. He came by car.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 探究五：疑问词-ever的用法以及与疑问词的辨析 ‎1._________ was said here must be kept secret.‎ ‎2. _______we need is more time.‎ ‎3._______ made the long distance call to him is not important.‎ ‎4._________ breaks the law will be punished.‎ 根据以上句子总结疑问词-ever的用法以及与疑问词的辨析：‎ ‎1. ‎ ‎2. ‎ 走进高考 ‎1. (2011上海) _______ comes will be welcomed to the open-air concert.‎ ‎2. (2008浙江) _______ wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.‎ ‎3. (2012辽宁) The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for_______ he could find about Mark Twain. ‎ ‎4. (2012陕西) As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose ______ suits you best.‎ ‎5. （2014北京）Some people believe _______ has happened before or is happening now will ‎ repeat itself in the future.‎ 探究六：名词性从句中的语序问题 名词性从句的词序与陈述句语序相同，尤其注意那些由连接代词who(m), whose, which, what 和连接副词 when, where, why 等引导的名词性从句，不要受它们在特殊疑问句中用法的影响而误用疑问句词序。如：‎ I don’t know why he was crying. 我不知道她为什么哭。‎ You have no idea how worried I was! 你不知道我多着急!‎ The problem is who can be sent to replace him. 问题是能派谁去顶替他。‎ Where I spend my summer is no business of yours. 我在哪里过暑假不关你的事 探究七：如何写出丰富的语法结构---名词性从句篇 阅读以下高考书面表达出现的名词性从句的句子，并填上连接词：‎ ‎1. Therefore, I firmly believe _______our future is in our own hands.（2012浙江）‎ ‎2. _______is important is _______ we should stick at it.（2014福建）‎ ‎3. That is _______ I recommend another category of books：literary books. （2014浙江） ‎ ‎4. Only when we match our words with actions can we make a difference in _______ we want to accomplish. （2013江苏）‎ ‎5. My experience tells me that it is not _______ you are given but _______ you make use of it that determines who you are.（2012湖北）‎ ‎6. As a member of the society, I am aware_______ being responsible is _______ it takes to make a better society. （2014湖北）‎ ‎ 反馈案 语法填空：‎ ‎1.__________ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.‎ ‎2. There is clear evidence _____ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.‎ ‎3. We’ve offered her the job, but I don’t know______ she’ll accept it.‎ ‎4. It was never clear _______ the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner.‎ ‎5. His writing is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out _____it is he is trying to express. ‎ 句子改错：‎ ‎1. When the news came what the war broke out, he decided, to serve in the army.‎ ‎2. Modern science has given clear evidence why smoking can lead to many diseases.‎ ‎3. As a new graduate, he doesn’t know how it takes to start a business here.‎ ‎4. The fact has worried many scientists why the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.‎ ‎5. Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew when she was so angry.‎ ‎ 名词性从句专项训练：‎ 一、改错题 1. It’s uncertain that the experiment is worth doing.‎ 2. What the boy didn’t take medicine made his mother angry.‎ 3. You can’t imagine how excited they are when they received these nice Christmas ‎ presents.‎ 1. That we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.‎ 2. What he really means is what he disagrees with us.‎ 3. Whom is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.‎ 4. When we’ll finish translating the book depend on the time.‎ 5. If you come or not is up to you.‎ 6. That is what he likes the place so much.‎ 7. That is that Lu Xun once lived.‎ 8. We thought strange was why Tom did not come yesterday.‎ 9. The fact which she had not said anything surprised all of us.‎ 10. Who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.‎ 11. Jack was soon told why he did was not necessary.‎ 12. See to that the child don’t catch a cold.‎ 13. He, who is playing an important part, which is well-known to us all.‎ 14. The boy dived into the water and, after it seemed a long time, he came up again.‎ 二、填空题 ‎1.____ matters most in learning English is enough practice. ‎ ‎2. ______ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader.‎ ‎3. The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.‎ ‎4. Could I speak to ______ is in charge of International Sales, please?‎ ‎5. You can only be sure of ______ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something _____ you might get in the future. ‎ ‎6. It is none of your business ______ other people think about you. Believe yourself. ‎ ‎7. Having checked the doors were closed , and _________ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. ‎ ‎8. Choosing the right dictionary depends on ______ you want to use it for. ‎ ‎9.______ parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. ‎ ‎10. By improving reading skills, you can read faster and understand more of ______ you read.‎ ‎11. The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make ______ it is. ‎ ‎12. Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That’s ______ the best jobs are. ‎ ‎13. The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit ______ the season.‎ ‎14. The companies are working together to create ______ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.‎ ‎15. The news _____ our athletes won another gold medal was reported in yesterday’s newspaper.‎ ‎16. ______ we are sure about is the need to prevent children from being spoiled ‎ ‎17. As his best friend, I can make accurate guesses about _____ he will do or think.‎