南宁市2014高考英语完形填空阅读理解训练题2及答案 8页

南宁市2014高考英语完形填空、阅读理解训练题（7）及答案 阅读理解专题******推理判断 一、题型特点与解题技巧 这类题属于主观题，是层次较高的设题。它包括判断和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写(paraphrase)或综合。题目数量分布均匀，并且设题时往往和事实细节相连。 常见的题干有： 1) It can be inferred from the text that. 2) We can conclude that. 3) When the writer talks about..., what he really means is that. 4) Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?   判断题考查学生在理解文章的基础上，对不同观点进行评价和判断的能力。推理题考查学生由文章的字面信息推出未知信息或隐含信息的能力。 1) 判断有据, 推论有理, 忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意。 2) 全面分析所有相关信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。 3) 善于揣摩作者思路，尽可能与作者的思路吻合。 4）不可直接选取文中的原句或对文中作字面解释。 ‎ 注意点：‎ ‎1.如果是对某段内容进行推断，那么只需看题干要求的段落即可。 ‎ ‎  Exchange a glance with someone, then look away. Do you realize that you have made a statement? Hold the glance for a second longer, and you have made a different statement. Hold it for 3 seconds, and the meaning has changed again. ‎ It can be inferred from the first paragraph that____.   A. every glance has its ‎ significance   B. staring at a person is an expression of interest   C. a gaze longer than 3 seconds is unacceptable   D. a glance conveys more meaning than words ‎ ‎ 2. 选项措词过于绝对化的，一般不是答案项。   I recently visited a great little college in New York where the campus has doubled its minority population in the last six years. I talked with an African American who has been a professor there for a long time, and she remembers that when she first joined the community, there were fewer than a handful of minorities on campus. Now ,all of us feel the university is better because of the diversity.‎ It can be inferred form the Passage that____.   A. minorities can only enter the fields where no debate is heard about diversity  ‎ B. American political circles will not accept diversity   C. it is unlikely that diversity will occur in the U.S media   D. Diversity can result in better management. ‎ ‎3.合乎常理，意义深刻，或符合一般常识的选项一般是答案项，而照抄原文或对文中作字面解释的则不是答案。‎ The illegal killing of rhinos(犀牛) for their horns is increasing in Africa and Asia. Rhinoceros poachers(偷猎者)are killing an estimated two to three of the rare animals each week.‎ ‎ The estimate for Zimbabwe is two hundred thirty-five. The situation threatens gains made in its rhino populations in the nineteen nineties. In the last two years, only six people were found guilty of poaching charges outo f forty-one arrested. ‎ ‎ Not all the news is bad, however, Rhino populations are increasing in some areas. These include both white rhinos and black rhinos in the wild in Africa. ‎ ‎ Wildlife activities are urging governments to do more to fight rhino poaching. ‎ We can infer from the passage that ____________. ‎ ‎ A. the protection of rhino in Zimbabwe once got improved in the 1990s ‎ ‎ B. only wildlife activists are responsible for the protection of rhinos ‎ ‎ C. the number of the rhinos is getting bigger in some areas. ‎ ‎ D. illegal hunting of rhinos can only be forbidden when governments act ‎ What’s the tone of the passage?‎ ‎ A. Negative B. Objective C. Worried D. Positive ‎ ‎4.弄清主题意思。在处理与全文主旨有关的题时，或处理与文章首尾有关的推论题时，一定要放慢速度将各段，尤其是全文首尾句意读懂，再快速阅读其他部分。 ‎ You can begin to think of yourself as truly intelligent on the basis of how you choose to feel in the face of trying circumstances. The life struggles are pretty much the same for each of us. Everyone who is involved with other human beings in any social context has similar difficulties. Disagreements, conflicts and compromises are a part of what it means to be human. Similarly, money, growing old, sickness, deaths natural disasters and accidents are all events which present problems to virtually all human beings. But some people are able to make it, to avoid immobilizing depression and unhappiness despite such occurrences, while others collapse or have an N.B.D. Those who recognize problems as a human condition and don't measure happiness by an absence of problems are the most intelligent kind of humans we know; also, the most rare. In this paragraph, the author tells us that___.  A. difficulties are but part of everyone’s life B. depression and unhappiness are unavoidable in life  C. everybody should learn to avoid trying circumstances  D. good feelings can contribute to eventual academic excellence The year 2009 is the Year of Ox. The ox is a representative of the farming culture of China. In the farming economy (经济), oxen are the major animals pulling plows (犁)．‎ Of course, the good of oxen is not limited to plowing. In fact, they are seen as “boats_on_land” for their ability to carry loads. Besides, the whole body of an ox is full of treasures. Their meat and milk are food full of nutrition, and their skin can be used to make clothes and shoes. With all these qualities, oxen are regarded as generous creatures.‎ In the past, oxen played an important role in the spiritual life of the Chinese. Even today, oxen still play a special part in some folk activities. For example, some people who live in southwest China will cook cattle bone soup and share it among family members when holding the ceremony for children who reach 13. They believe ‎ that the cattle bone soup represents the blood relationship among family members. In order to express their love for oxen, people in some other areas will run to shake off diseases on the 16th day of the first month by the lunar calendar (农历), and during their run they will take their oxen along，which indicates they regard the creature as human.‎ Because of the contribution of oxen in their lives, the Chinese people are very grateful to the animal. In addition, the use of oxen in ceremonies and the thanks people owe to oxen help to develop various traditional customs, which becomes an important part of the folk culture of the Chinese nation.‎ ‎[语篇解读]　牛年说牛，文章介绍了有关牛的一些民间文化。‎ ‎1．The words “boats on land” underlined in Paragraph 2 refer to________.‎ A. animals for taking goods B. creatures for pulling plows C. treasures of the folk culture D. tools in the farming economy ‎[解析]　猜测词义题。由第二段中的“they are seen as...ability to carry loads”内容可以得出答案，介词for是对前面作解释说明：为什么牛被看成陆地之舟。‎ ‎[答案]　A ‎2．From the third paragraph, we know that________.‎ A. oxen are no more important today than in the past B. ceremonies are held when people cook cattle bone soup C. oxen are treated as human in some areas of China D. people run with oxen to shake off diseases every month ‎[解析]　理解判断题。由文章第三段的首句以及最后一句内容可得出答案。‎ ‎[答案]　C ‎3．Which of the following helps to develop traditional customs?‎ A. The special role of oxen in farming.‎ B. People’ s respect and love for oxen.‎ C. The practical value of an ox’s body.‎ D. The contribution of oxen to the economy.‎ ‎[解析]　细节判断题。由文章最后一段最后一句话可得出答案。‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎4．Why does the author write the text?‎ A. To stress the importance of oxen in farming.‎ B. To introduce the Chinese folk culture.‎ C. To describe how to celebrate the Year of Ox.‎ D. To explain how to develop agriculture with oxen.‎ ‎[解析]　写作意图题。由文章内容可知，作者是为了介绍有关牛的一些民间文化。‎ ‎[答案]　B。‎ ‎***********************************************************结束 完形填空------【解决方案与复习指南】‎ 正如人们在看某个物件时，如果看不清的话就要站开点，而不是靠近，考生需要跳出当句，前后联系，正确辨析同义或近义词以及常用词汇的辨析。如：‎ ‎【例】 The first attempt of even the most talented artists, musicians, and writers is seldom a masterpiece. If you consider your drafts as dress rehearsals(彩排), or tryouts, revising will seem a natural part of the writing__50__.‎ What is the purpose of the dress rehearsals and the outoftown previews that many Broadway shows go through? The answer is adding, deleting, replacing, reordering, __51__revising. Andrew Lloyd Webber’s musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process.‎ When Lloyd Webber began writing in 1984, he had in mind a funny, exciting production. However, when Phantom opened in London in 1986, the audience saw a moving psychological love story set to music. The musical had__52__several revisions due, in part, to problems with costuming and makeup(戏服和化妆). For instance, Lloyd Webber__53__some of the music because the Phantom’s makeup prevented the actor from singing certain sounds.‎ When you revise, you change aspects of your work in__54__to your evolving purpose, or to include__55__ideas or newly discovered information.‎ Revision is not just an afterthought that gets only as much time as you have at the end of an assignment.__56__， it is a major stage of the writing process, and writers revise every step of the way. Even your decision to__57__topics while prewriting is a type of revising. However, don’t make the mistake of skipping the revision stage that follows__58__. Always make time to become your own__59__and view your dress rehearsal, so to speak. Reviewing your work in this way can give you__60__new ideas.‎ Revising involves__61__the effectiveness and appropriateness of all aspects of your writing, making your purpose more clearly, and refocusing or developing the facts and ideas you present. When you revise, ask yourself the following questions, keeping in mind the audience for whom you are writing: Is my main idea or purpose__62__throughout my draft? Do I ever lose sight of my purpose? Have I given my readers all of the__63__that is, facts, opinions, inferences—that they need in order to understand my main idea? Finally, have I included too many__64__details that may confuse readers？ ‎ ‎50．A.technique B．style C．process D．career 解析：本题考查名词辨析，参照下文的“Andrew Lloyd Webber’s musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process.”和“However, don’t make the mistake of skipping the revision stage”。名词technique(技术)；style(风格)；career(事业、生涯)都不符题意。‎ 答案：C ‎51．A.in particular B．as a result C．for example D．in other words 解析：本题考查介词短语辨析，前面adding, deleting, replacing, reordering等各种工序，这些都能笼统地被称为“修订(revise)”所以revising和这些名词同义；介词短语in other words表示“换句话说”。介词短语in particular(尤其、特别表强调)；as a result(因此，表结果)；for example(例如，表举例说明)都不符题意。‎ 答案：D ‎52．A.undergone B．skipped C．rejected D．replaced 解析：本题考查动词辨析，动词skip(跳远)；reject(拒绝、抵制)；replace(取代)都不符题意。人们观看的是完美的表演，但表演之前作品经历了(undergo)多次修改，与上段的“Andrew Lloyd Webber’s musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process.”对应。‎ 答案：A ‎53．A.rewrote B．released C．recorded D．reserved 解析：本题考查动词辨析，动词release(释放、赦免、发行)；record(记录、录音)；reserve(保留、预订)都不符题意。动词rewrite表示“重写、修改”，与动词revise同义，与本篇文章话题相关。‎ 答案：A ‎54．A.addition B．response C．opposition D．contrast 解析：本题考查介词短语辨析，介词短语in addition to表示“而且；除……之外还有”；in ‎ opposition to表示“与……的意见相反”，in contrast to表示“与……形成对比”，都与本题不符。in response to(作为对……的反应)在本句表示“你修改作品是对你想改进作品目的的一种回应”。‎ 答案：B ‎55．A.fixed B．ambitious C．familiar D．fresh 解析：本题考查形容词辨析，fresh ideas与后面的newly discovered information对应。‎ 答案：D ‎56．A.However B．Moreover C．Instead D．Therefore 解析：本题考查副词辨析，副词Moreover(而且)类似于but also，表递进含义，与前面句not just (only)呼应。副词However(然而，表转折关系)；Instead(作为替代、反而，表相反含义)；Therefore(因此，表原因)都不符合题意。‎ 答案：B ‎57．A.discuss B．switch C．exhaust D．cover 解析：本题考查动词辨析，switch topics(变换标题)属于修改作品的一部分。动词discuss(讨论)．exhaust(汲干、使筋疲力尽)．cover(覆盖；包含)都不符题意。‎ 答案：B ‎58．A.drafting B．rearranging C．performing D．training 解析：本题考查动名词辨析，名词drafting(起草)、rearranging(重新安排)；performing(表演)都与题意不符。名词training(培训)在本句表示“排练”，与上文dress rehearsals/tryouts同义。本题难。‎ 答案：D ‎59．A.director B．master C．audience D．visitor 解析：本题考查名词辨析，名词audience(观众)，与下句view your dress rehearsal对应。名词director(导演)、master(主人；大师)；visitor(来访者)都与题意不符。‎ 答案：C ‎60．A.personal B．valuable C．basic D．delicate 解析：本题考查形容词辨析，形容词valuable，表示“做自己作品的观众能给你有价值的新信息”。形容词personal(个人的)；basic(基本的)；delicate(娇贵的；纤弱的；精美的)都与题意不符。‎ 答案：B ‎61．A.mixing B．weakening C．maintaining D．assessing 解析：本题考查动词辨析，动词mix，在本句表示“修改就是把作品所有方面的有效性和适当性融合在一起”。‎ 答案：A ‎62．A.amazing B．bright C．unique D．clear 解析：本题考查形容词辨析，形容词clear，在本句中表示“我的文章大意或写作意图是否清晰”，与下文confuse readers对应。形容词amazing(令人惊讶的)、bright(明亮的、聪明的)、unique(独特的)都与题意不符。‎ 答案：D ‎63．A.angles B．evidence C．information D．hints 解析：本题考查名词辨析，后句名称facts、opinions、 inferences都属于information。‎ 答案：C ‎64．A.unnecessary B．uninteresting C．concrete D．final 解析：本题考查形容词辨析，形容词unnecessary details表示“多余的信息”反而使读者困惑、误导读者。形容词uninteresting(单调的；乏味的)；concrete(具体的)、final(最终的、决定性的)都与题意不符。‎ 答案：A。‎