高考英语备考重点句型专题辅导 32页

高考英语备考重点句型专题辅导 句型1 “wish +宾语从句”，表示不大 可能实现的愿望 表示现在的愿望：主语+过去时； 表示过去的愿望：主语+had done； 表示将来的愿望：主语+would/could do [例句] How I wish we students had more free time to relax ourselves! 我们学生多么希望有更多的自由时间放松自己！ I failed in the maths exam. How I wish I hadn’t wasted so much time playing! What a pity you can’t go to the party. How I wish I could dance with you at the party!‎ 句型2  It’s high/about time that somebody did (should do) (should通常不省略) …早就该…… [例句] It’s time that you went to school.= It’s time that you should go to school. It’s high time that we did something to improve our environment. 该是我们为环保做些事情了。 I think it’s high time that she made up her mind. 我想她该拿定主意了。‎ 句型3     would rather that somebody did…“宁愿……；更愿意……”(表示现在或将来的愿望)    would rather that somebody had done…“宁愿……；更愿意……”（表示过去的愿望） [例句] I’d rather you posted the letter right now. 我想让你现在去寄信。 I’d rather you were not a celebrated actor. In that case, we could spend more time together.  我到情愿你不是个知名演员，这样我们可以有更多的时间在一起。 I’d rather that I hadn’t seen her yesterday. 我情愿昨天没有看到她。‎ 句型4 as if/though+主语+did/had done…好像……（表示现在或将来的情况用过去时；表示过去的情况用过去完成时）[参考句型4] [例句] Our head teacher treats us as if we were her own children, so all the students in our class think highly of her. Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there. Alan谈起罗马来就好像他去过那里似的。‎ 句型5 情态动词+动词不定式完成结构的用法 could have done “本来可以……”（表示过去没有实现的可能）。 might have done “本来可能……；本来应该或可以做某事”（实际没有发生；含有轻微的责备语气。 should/ought to have done “本来该做某事”（而实际未做） should not/ought not to have done “本来不该做”（实际却做过了，含有责备语气） needn’t have done “本来不必做”（但是已经做过了）‎ ‎ would rather have done “当时宁愿做了某事”（实际没有做过）；否定式would rather not have done表达相反意思，两者都有表示“后悔”之意。 [高考题回放] 1. If only he _____ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.（2000上海）   A. lies     B. lay      C. had lain      D. should lie                               2. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _____ in love at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.（2002上海） A. wouldn’t have fallen      B. had not fallen   C. should fall        D. were to fall       3. How I wish every family _____ a large house with a beautiful garden!（2003上海春季）   A. has      B. had      C. will have      D. had had                             4. If I _____ plan to do anything I wanted to, I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.（2005湖北）   A. would     B. could      C. had to       D. ought to                           5. –Don’t you think it necessary that he _____ to Miami but to New York?   –I agree, but the problem is _____ he has refused to.（2005江苏） A. will not be sent; that        B. not be sent; that   C. should not be sent; what     D. should not send; what                       6. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _____ a goal.（2001上海春季）   A. had scored   B. scored      C. would score      D. would have scored          7. Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up.（2004广西）   A. should have arrived            B. should arrive  C. should have had arrived        D. should be arriving                    8. He _____ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside.   A. should     B. must      C. wouldn’t      D. can’t                            9. –Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you. –Thanks. You _____ it. I could manage it myself.（2005福建）   A. needn’t do   B. needn’t have done    C. mustn’t do    D. shouldn’t have done    10. –If the traffic hadn’t been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 o’clock.    –What a pity! Tina _____ here to see you.（2005湖南）    A. is     B. was      C. would be      D. has been                                11. –We missed you at this morning’s meeting, Diana.    –_____, but if I hadn’t had to meet a friend, I would have been there.（2005重庆） A. Me, too    B. I’m sorry    C. Never mind      D. Thank you    12. He paid for a seat, when he _____ have entered free.（2005山东）    A. could      B. would      C. must        D. need                              13. _____ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.    A. What is required     B. What requires    C. It is required     D. It requires      14. You didn’t let me drive. If we _____ in turn, you _____ so tired.    A. drove; didn’t get    B. drove; wouldn’t get    C. were driving; wouldn’t get  D. had driven; wouldn’t have got  ‎ ‎ 15. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she _____, she would have met my brother.    A. has come B. did come  C. came    D. had come  16. What would have happened, _____, as far as the riverbank?    A. Bob had walked farther  B. if Bob should walk farther    C. had Bob walked farther  D. if Bob walked farther  17. _____ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu‎ ‎Bridge.    A. Were  B. Should  C. Would   D. Will 18. Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night _____ – too cold for us to live.    A. would be freezing cold   B. will be freezing coldly    C. would be frozen cold   D. can freeze coldly 19. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _____.    A. breaks  B. has broken  C. were broken D. had been broken   20. The two strangers talked as if they _____ friends for years.    A. should be B. would be  C. have been   D. had been  21. _____ be sent to work there?    A. Who do you suggest   B. Who do you suggest that should    C. Do you suggest who should  D. Do you suggest whom should 22. Jane’s pale face suggested that she _____ ill, and her parents suggested that she _____ a medical examination.    A. be; should have  B. was; have   C. should be; had  D. was; has 23. _____ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.（2006湖北）    A. Would you be  B. Should you be C. Could you be  D. Might you be 24. I wish you’d do _____ talking and some more work. Thus things will become better.（2006江苏）    A. a bit less  B. any less  C. much more  D. a little more 25. If it were not for the fact that she _______ sing, I would invite her to the party.（2006福建） A. couldn’t        B. shouldn’t       C. can’t          D. might not ‎ ‎[参考答案和提示]  1. C 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. B 6. D 7. A 8. B 9. B 10. B 11. B 12. A 13. C 14. D 15. D 16. C 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. D 21. A 22. B 23. B 24. A 25. C 句型6 as, though, although引导的让步状语从句。 [注意]although位于句首；though位于句首或句中；as位于句中=though=that。它的词序是把句中强调的形容词、副词、动词或名词放在连词前。[参考倒装结构] 请注意下列句式的变化： [例句] 1. Although/Though I’m young, I already know what career I want to follow. →Young as/though/that I am, I already know what career I want to follow. 我虽然年轻，但我已经明白我应该追随什么样的事业。 2. Although/Though I respect him very much, I cannot agree with his idea.   →Much as/that/though I respect him, I cannot agree with his idea. ‎ 虽然我很尊重他，但是我不同意他的观点。 3. Although/Though he is a child, he knows a lot of Chinese characters.   →Child（省略冠词）as/though/that he is, he knows a lot of Chinese characters. 他虽然还是个孩子，却认识了许多汉字。 4. Although he tried, he couldn’t solve the problem.   →Try as he might, he couldn’t solve the problem. 尽管他努力了，但是他没有解决问题。 5. Although it is raining, I’m going out for a walk.   →Raining as it is, I’m going out for a walk. 天虽然在下雨，我还是要出去散步。 6. Strange as it may seem, nobody was injured in the accident. 这次意外虽然显得不可思议，却没有人受伤。 7. Much as I would like to help, I have a lot to do. 虽然我很想帮助你，但是我有很多事要做。 8. Object as you may, I will go. 纵使你反对，我也要去。 [高考题回放] 1. Mr. Hall understands that ______ math has always been easy for him, it is not easy for the students. A. unless   B. if   C. although  D. when      2. Parents should take seriously their children’s requests for sunglasses ______ eye protection is necessary in sunny weather.（2004上海）   A. because   B. though  C. unless   D. if        3. _______, I have never seen anyone who’s as capable as John.（2001上海）   A. As long as I have traveled  B. Now that I have traveled so much   C. Much as I have traveled   D. As I have traveled so much   4. _____, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.（2005重庆）   A. A quiet student as he may be     B. Quiet student as he may be   C. Be a quiet student as he may  D. Quiet as he may be a student 5. _____ most of the earth’s surface is covered by water, fresh water is very rare and precious.   A. As   B. Once   C. If    D. Although 6. Although the wind has _____, the rain remains steady, so you still need a raincoat.（2006湖北）   A. turned up B. gone back  C. died down  D. blown out  7. I’m certain David’s told you his business troubles. _____, it’s no secret that he owes a lot of money to the bank.（2006湖北）   A. However  B. Anyway  C. Therefore  D. Though 8. Although she did not know Boston well, she made her way _____ to the Home Circle Building.（2006湖南）   A. easy enough B. enough easy C. easily enough D. enough easily 9. Although the causes of cancer _____, we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it.（2006山东）   A. are being uncovered   B. have been uncovering   C. are uncovering    D. have uncovered 10. Although medical science _____ control over several dangerous disease, what worries us is that some of them are ‎ returning.（2006江苏）    A. achieved B. has achieved  C. will achieve  D. had achieved 11. _____ he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience.（NMET2006）    A. Since  B. Unless   C. As   D. Although 句型7 …before…特殊用法（1）“没来得及……就……” [例句] The roof fell before he had time to dash into the room to save his baby. 他还没有来得及冲进房间救孩子，房顶就塌了。 He ran off before I could stop him. 我还没有来得及阻止，他已经跑了。 To my great disappointment, my favorite singer left the concert before I could have a word with her. 让我非常失望的是，我还没有来得及和我最喜欢的歌手打招呼，她就已经离开了。句型8 …before…特殊用法（2）“过了多久才……”或“动作进行到什么程度才……” [例句] They walked about fifty miles to the west before they saw a village. 他们西行‎50英里才看到一个村庄。 The workers worked day and night about three days before everything returned to normal. 工人们连续工作3天才使一切恢复正常。 He almost knocked me down before he knew it. 他几乎撞到我了才意识到。 We had walked a long way before we found some water. 我们走了很长的路才找到一点水。 Five years went by before I knew it. 不知不觉，五年过去了。句型9 It was + 时间段+before….“过了多久才（怎么样）……” It was not long before….“不久，就……” It will (not) be +时间段+before….“要过多久（不久）……才……”(before从句谓语动词要用一般时态) [例句] It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position. 不久他就意识到他处境的危险。 It was five days before he came back. 五天后他才回来。 It will be half a year before you graduate from the school. 再过半年你才能毕业。 It will not be long before they understand each other. 他们大概不久就会互相了解。 [高考题回放] 1. It was evening ______ we reached the little town of Winchester.（2004天津）‎ A. that      B. until      C. since     D. before            2. Scientists say it may be five or six years ______ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.（2004福建）  A. since      B. after      C. before      D. when     3. Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up ______ I could answer the phone.（NMET2000） A. as       B. since      C. until      D. before          4. He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation ______ it got ‎ worse.（2003北京）   A. until      B. when       C. before      D. as    5. It was some time _____ we realized the truth.（2005山东）   A. when      B. until       C. since       D. before   6. The American Civil War lasted four years _____ the North won in the end.（2005广东）   A. after      B. before      C. when       D. then    7. –Why didn’t you tell him about the meeting?   –He rushed out of the room _____ I could say a word.（2006四川）   A. before   B. until   C. when   D. after    8. –How long do you think it will be______ China sends a manned spaceship to the moon? –Perhaps two or three years.（2006福建） A. when         B. until       C. that        D. before 句型‎10 in case of…(+n.) “以防；万一”； in case that…“以防，万一……”（谓语动词用一般现在时态或should+动词原形） [例句] In case of fire, what should we do? Please remind me about it in case I forget/should forget. 万一我忘了，请提醒我。 In case (that) John comes/should come, please tell him to wait. Please take your umbrella in case (that it rains/should rain).带上雨伞，以防下雨。 [高考题回放] 1. The sign reads “In case of _____ fire, break the glass and push ______ red button.” (NMET2003)   A. 不填；a   B. 不填；the  C. the; the  D. a; a         2. I don’t think I will need any money, but I’ll bring some ______.（NMET2003）  A. at last   B. in case   C. once again    D. in time     3. I always take something to read when I go to the doctor’s _____ I have to wait.（2005全国II）   A. in case      B. so that   C. in order  D. as if 4. You’d better take something to read when you go to the doctor _____ you have to wait.（2005广东）   A. even if   B. as if   C. in case   D. in order that   5. He got to the station early, _____ missing his train.（2004江苏）   A. in case of      B. instead of     C. for fear of      D. in search of   6. We always keep _____ spare paper, in case we run out.（2006浙江高考题）   A. too much   B. a number of  C. plenty of  D. a good many 句型11 It强调句型 强调句的基本构成：It is/was + 被强调的部分 + who（主要指人时）/that + 其余部分 ‎ [注意1] 这种结构可以强调句子的主语、宾语、状语（包括时间，地点，方式，原因等），但是不能强调谓语动词（参考句型15）。 原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来时态，用It is…that/who….； 原句的谓语动词如果是过去时态，用It was…that/who….；    强调时间、地点、原因或方式时不要用when, where或how, 必须用that。 [例句1] I saw him in the street yesterday afternoon. →It was I who saw him in the street yesterday afternoon.（强调主语） →It was in the street that I saw him yesterday afternoon.（强调地点状语） →It was yesterday afternoon that I saw him in the street.（强调时间状语） →It was him that/who I saw in the street yesterday afternoon.（强调宾语） [例句2] He didn’t go to bed until his mother came back. →It was not until his mother came back that he went to bed. He didn’t do his homework until his father came back from work. →It wasn’t until his father came back from work that he did his homework. [例句3] Only when you nearly lose someone do you fully realize how much you value him. →It is only when you nearly lose someone that you fully realize how much you value him. 只有你快要失去某个人时，你才意识到你是多么尊重他。 [例句4] I was late again because the traffic was very heavy during the rush hour. →It was because the traffic was very heavy during the rush hour that I was late again. （强调句中只能强调由because引导的原因状语从句，because不能换成since, as, for, now that等） [注意2]强调句的疑问结构 一般疑问句 Is / Was it +被强调部分 +who / that …? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+is /was +it +who / that…?                                                  What is/was it that…? Who is/was it that…? When is/was it that…? Where is/was it that…? Why is/was it that…? How is/was it that…? [例句1] I saw him in the street yesterday afternoon. →When was it that you saw him in the street? →Who was it that you saw in the street yesterday afternoon? →Where was it that you saw him yesterday afternoon? [例句2] I don’t know when he will come back. →I don’t know when it is that he will come back.（宾语从句疑问词后用陈述句语序） –How was it that you got in touch with Mr. Smith? 你是怎么和Smith先生联系上的？ –Trough a friend of mine. 通过一个朋友。 [高考题回放] 1. －Wasn’t it Dr. Wang who spoke to you just now? －______ . A. I didn’t know he was       B. Yes, it was    C. No, he wasn’t             D. Yes, he did    2. ______ electricity plays such an important part in our daily ‎ life? A. Why is it     B. Why is it that    C. Why does it    D. Why was it 3. What _____ he brought you when he came to see you yesterday? A. is it       B. is that      C. was it     D. was it that 4. Why! I have nothing to confess（承认）. _____ you want me to say?（2004上海）   A. What is it that   B. What it is that     C. How is it that   D. How it is that 5. －_____ that he managed to get the information? －Oh, a friend of his helped him.（2005山东）   A. Where was it    B. What was it      C. How was it     D. Why was it   6. It was _____ back home after the experiment.（2004湖北）   A. not until midnight did he go        B. until midnight that he didn’t go   C. not until midnight that he went     D. until midnight when he didn’t go      7. It was with great joy _____ he received the news that his lost daughter had been found.（2004福建） A. because        B. which       C. since      D. that 8. It was only with the help of the local guide _____.（2004上海春季）   A. was the mountain climber rescued       B. that the mountain climber was rescued   C. when the mountain climber was rescued  D. then the mountain climber was rescued 9. It is these poisonous products _____ can cause the symptoms（症状）of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles.（2003上海）   A. who         B. that       C. how      D. what    10. It was how the young man had learned five foreign languages _____ attracted the audience’s interest.（2002上海春季）    A. so that        B. that       C. what      D. in which   11. It was for these reason _____ her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village.（2001上海春季）    A. which        B. why       C. that      D. how     12. It is the ability to do the job _____ matters not where you come from or what you are.（2000全国）    A. one        B. that       C. what      D. it    13. It is what you do rather than what you say _____ matters.（2005天津）    A. that        B. what       C. which     D. this    14. It’s the present situation in poor areas that _____ much higher spending on education and training.（2005北京）    A. answers for    B. provides for    C. calls for     D. plans for  15. David said that it was because of his strong interest in literature _____ he chose the course.（2006上海春季）    A. that    B. what   C. why   D. how  16. I just wonder _____ that makes him so excited.（2006山东）    A. why it does    B. what he does C. how it is  D. what it is [参考答案和提示]  1. B 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. C 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. B 10. B 11. C 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. A 16. D 句型12 （1）、祈使句（表条件）+ or else/or/otherwise + 主句（表结果）……‎ ‎ “否则……，要不然……” （2）、祈使句（表条件）+ and +主句（表结果） [例句] Hurry up, or you’ll be late for class. Please call me up before you come, otherwise/or else/or we might be out. 你来之前打个电话，否则，我们也许会出去。 Think it over and you will find the answer. Give him an inch and he will take a mile. 得寸进尺。 Work hard and you will make progress every day. 好好学习，天天向上。 [高考题回放] 1. Stand over there______ you’ll be able to see it better.（2004天津） A. or        B. while    C. but   D. and         2. _____ straight on and you’ll see a church. You won’t miss it.（2004湖北）   A. Go    B. Going    C. If you go     D. When going    3. There are eight tips in Dr. Roger’s lecture on sleep, and one of them is: _____to bed early unless you think it is necessary.（2004重庆）   A. doesn’t go  B. not to go  C. to going  D. don’t go     4. –English has a large vocabulary, hasn’t it?   –Yes. _____ more words and expressions and you will it easier to read and communicate.   A. Know   B. Knowing  C. To know  D. Known     5. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _____ advertisements showing happy families.（2004湖南）   A. will often see  B. often see  C. are often seeing   D. have often seen     6. _____ blood if you can and many lives will be saved.（2001上海）   A. Giving   B. Give   C. Given   D. To give     7. _____ at the door before entering please.（2001春季）   A. Knocked   B. To knock  C. Knocking  D. Knock      8. _____ some of this juice—perhaps you will like it.（2000春季）   A. Trying   B. Try   C. To try   D. Have tried     9. –What should I do with this passage?   –_____the main idea of each paragraph.（2005重庆）   A. Finding out     B. Found out     C. Find out     D. To find out    10. –Can the project be finished as planned?    –Sure, _____ it completed in time, we’ll work two more hours a day.（2005福建）    A. having got     B. to get      C. getting      D. get     11. _____ more about university courses, call (920)746-3789.（2005浙江）    A. To find out   B. Finding out    C. Find out     D. Having found out  12. Follow your doctor’s advice, _____ your cough will get worse.（2005辽宁）    A. or       B. and       C. then       D. so   13. If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better _____it—you’ve got some big bills coming.（2004广东） A. forget      B. forgot      C. forgetting      D. to forget     14. Don’t be discouraged. _____ things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your ‎ life.    A. Taking   B. To take  C. Take   D. Taken 15. _____ and I’ll get the work finished.（2006重庆高考题）    A. Have one more hour    B. One more hour    C. Given one more hour    D. If I have one more hour   16. Don’t worry if you can’t come to _____ party—I’ll save _____ cake for you.（2006浙江）    A. the; some    B. a; much      C. the; any      D. a; little 17. Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 _____ off at 18:20.（2006四川）    A. takes   B. took   C. will be taken D. has taken  18. Start out right away, _____ you’ll miss the first train.（2006四川）    A. and   B. but   C. or   D. while   19. Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane _____.（2006福建） A. takes off       B. is taking off    C. has taken off   D. took off 20. Always read the _____ on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.（2006福建） A. explanations    B. instructions     C. des criptions   D. introductions 21. Don’t sit there       nothing. Come and help me with this table.（2006湖北） A. do             B. to do          C. doing         D. and doing [参考答案和提示] 1.D 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. B 9. C 10. B 11. A 12. A 13. A 14. C 15. B 16. A 17. A 18. C 19. B 20. B 21. C 句型13 …until….“直到……时候”；not…until…“直到……才……” [例句] You are to stay until/till your mother comes back. 你得等到你妈妈回来。 The meeting was put off until ten o’clock. 会议推迟到十点钟。 The villagers didn’t realize how serious the pollution was until all the fish died in the river. →Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.（倒装句） 等到湖里的鱼全死光了，村民们才意识到污染是多么严重。 He didn’t go to bed until his mother came back. →It was not until his mother came back that he went to bed.（强调句） Not until he failed in the exam did he realize that he had wasted much time playing computer games. Not until his son came back from school did he go to bed. [高考题回放]       1. –Was his father very strict with him when he was at school?   –Yes. He had never praised him ______ he became one of the top students in his grade.（2003春季）   A. after       B. unless      C. until      D. when    2. A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners’ curiosity _____ he reaches the end of the story.（2003上海）   A. when      B. unless      C. after       D. until              3. We were told that we should follow the main road ______ we reached the central ‎ railway station.（2004辽宁）   A. whenever     B. until      C. while      D. wherever          4. Not until I began to work ______ how much time I had wasted.   A. didn’t I realize    B. did I realize   C. I didn’t realize   D. I realize       5. My uncle ______ until he was forty-five.（2002上海）   A. married    B. didn’t marry C. was not marrying D. would marry  6. –Did Jack come back early last night?   –Yes. It was not yet eight o’clock _____ he arrived home.（2005福建）   A. before       B. when       C. that       D. until   7. I won’t tell the student the answer to the math problem until he _____ on it for more than an hour.（2006湖北）   A. has been working     B. will have worked   C. will have been working    D. had worked     8. –_____ leave at the end of this month.   –I don’t think you should do that until _____ another job.（2006北京）   A. I’m going to; you’d found  B. I’m going to; you’ve found   C. I’ll; you’ll find    D. I’ll; you’d find 9. “You can’t have this football back _____ you promise not to kick it at my cat again,” said the old man firmly.（2006广东）   A. because   B. since  C. when   D. until 10. It was not until she got home _____ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys. (NMET2006)    A. when   B. that  C. where   D. before [参考答案和提示] 1. C 2. D 3. B 4. B 5. B 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. B 句型14 unless…“除非，如果不……”(=if…not) [例句] I shall go tomorrow unless it rains. 如果不下雨，我明天去。 –Shall Tom go and play football? –Not unless he has finished his homework. 除非他完成作业，否则不能出去。 I won’t go unless he comes to invite me himself. 除非他本人来邀请我，不然我是不会去的。 I won’t attend his birthday party unless invited (=unless I am invited).  除非被邀请，否则我不 去参加的生日晚会。 [高考题回放] 1. The men will have to wait all day ______ the doctor works faster.（2001北京春季）   A. if      B. unless   C. whether    D. that        2. You will succeed in the end _____ you give up halfway.（2001上海）   A. even if  B. as though  C. as long as  D. unless      3. ______ you call me to say you’re not coming. I’ll see you at the theater.（2004吉林）   A. Though  B. Whether  C. Until   D. Unless       4. Parents should take seriously their children’s request for sunglasses _____ eye protection is necessary in sunny ‎ weather.（2004上海）   A. because     B. though      C. unless      D. if      5. Simon thought his computer was broken _____ his little brother pointed that he had forgotten to turn it on.（2005北京春季）   A. until     B. unless      C. after      D. because     6. It is known to all that _____ you exercise regularly, you won’t keep good health.（2005重庆）   A. unless     B. whenever     C. although     D. if   7. Unlike watching TV, reading is a highly active process（过程）_____ it requires attention as well as memory and imagination.（2005江苏）   A. until     B. but       C. unless      D. for  8. You must keep on working in the evening _____ you are sure you can finish the task in time.（2005安徽）   A. as      B. if       C. when      D. unless  9. Unless _____ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.（2003上海春季）   A. invited      B. inviting      C. being invited   D. having invited  10. In time of serious accidents, _____ we know some basic things about first aid, we can save lives.（2006重庆）   A. whether     B. until      C. if       D. unless 11. We won’t keep winning games _____ we keep playing well.（2006浙江）    A. because    B. unless      C. when       D. while   12. _____ you’ve tried it, you can’t imagine how pleasant it is.（2006北京）    A. Unless     B. Because     C. Although     D. When    [参考答案和提示] 1. B 2. D 3. D 4. A 5. A 6. A 7. D 8. D 9. A 10. C 11. B 12. A 句型15 when引导的从句 when除了用来引导主语从句、宾语从句、时间状语从句、表语从句和定语从句，还有一种用法值得关注，那就是when引导并列分句，意思是“这时突然；就在那时”，强调另一个动作的突然发生。常用于以下句型中：（1）、主语 + be doing… when…意思是“正在做某事这时……”；（2）、主语 + be about to do…when…；（3）、主语+be on the point of (doing) …when…意思是“正要去做某事这时……” [例句] One day Chuck was on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashed. 有一天，Chuck正在太平洋上飞行，这时他的飞机突然爆炸了。 I don’t know when he will arrive. 我不晓得他什么时候到达。 I thought of the happy days when I was in Beijing. 我想起了在北京时的那段快乐日子。 I believe the time will soon come when there will be no weapons in the world. 我相信世界上没有武器的日子不久就会到来。 I was walking along the river when I heard a drowning boy cry for help. 我正在河边行走，这时我突然听到一个落水男孩求救。 I was about to leave when it began to rain. 我刚要离开，这时下雨了。 I had just finished my exam paper when the bell rang, announcing the class was over. 我刚做完作业，下课铃响了。 I thought of the happy days when I was in France. ‎ 我想到了在法国时那段快乐日子。 I believe the time will soon come when there will be no weapons in the world. 我相信世界上没有武器的日子不久就会来临。 [比较] I was walking along the street when I caught sight of a tailor’s shop. 我正在街上走，这时我看见一家裁缝店。 I was walking along the streets. Just at the moment I caught sight of a tailor’s shop. 我在街上走。就在那时我看见一家裁缝店。 [高考题回放] 1. He was about to tell me the secret ______ someone patted him on the shoulder.（2002上海）   A. as       B. until       C. while       D. when             2. Don’t be afraid of asking for help ______ it is needed.（2003全国卷）   A. unless     B. since       C. although     D. when           3. We were swimming in the lake‎ ‎‎______‎ suddenly the storm started.（2004北京春季）   A. when     B. while       C. until      D. before              4. Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park ______ she was bitten on the leg by a lion.（2004上海）   A. when      B. while      C. since      D. once           5. I was just talking to Margaret when Jackson _____.（2005湖南）   A. cut in     B. cut down    C. cut out     D. cut up           6. He transplanted the little tree to the garden _____ it was the best time for it.（2005上海）    A. where      B. when       C. that       D. until  7. –Did Jack come back early last night?   –Yes, it was not yet eight o’clock _____ he arrived home.    A. before     B. when      C. that      D. until    8. Most of us know we should cut down on fat, but knowing such things isn’t much help when it _____ shopping and eating.（2006天津）   A. refers to  B. speaks of  C. focuses on  D. comes to   9. He was about halfway through his meal _____ a familiar voice came to his ears.（2006辽宁）   A. why   B. where   C. when   D. while 10. When _____ different cultures, we often pay attention only to differences without noticing the many similarities.（2006浙江）   A. compared B. being compared C. comparing  D. having compared    11. I _____ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident _____.（2006安徽）    A. went; was occurring   B. went; occurred    C. was going; occurred   D. was going; had occurred 12. How can you expect to learn anything _____ you never listen?（2006山东）    A. in case  B. even if   C. unless   D. when 13. I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel _____ I heard the steps.（2006湖南）    A. while  B. when   C. since   D.‎ ‎ after 14. I was still sleeping when the fire _____, and then it spread quickly.（2006广东）    A. broke out B. put out   C. came out  D. got out 15. Please remind me _____ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off. (NMET2006)    A. where      B. when       C. how        D. what   [参考答案和提示] 1. D 2. D 3. A 4. A. 5. A 6. B 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. C 11. C 12. D 13. B 14. A 15. B 句型16 while引导的从句 while除了有“当/在……时候”的意思外（注意：引导的句子谓语动词只能是延续性动词！），另外的两层意思也是考查的重点：（1）while = although “尽管”、“虽然”，引导让步状语从句；（2）while的意思是“然而；可是”，常用来表达对比关系。 [例句] While I admit that the problem is difficult, I don’t think that they can’t be solved. 尽管我承认这个问题很难，但是我并不认为无法解决。 While I admit his good points, I can see his shortcomings. 虽然我承认他的优点，我也能看出他的缺点。 While I was angry with her, I didn’t lose my temper. 虽然我很生气，但我当时没有对她发脾气。 While I understand your viewpoint, I don’t agree with you. 虽然我了解你的见解， 我还是不能同意（你）。 I earn only 120 dollars a week, while she earns 180 dollars. 我一星期只赚120美元，她却赚180美元。 [高考题回放] 1. ______ modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will always be in demand.（2004浙江） A. While      B. Since      C. As      D. If          2. ______ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person.（2004江苏） A. While      B. Since       C. Before      D. Unless           3. _______ I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it.（2003北京） A. Even thought    B. Unless      C. As long as     D. While           4. The WTO cannot live up for its name ______ it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind.（2000全国卷）  A. as long as     B. while      C. if       D. even though  5. I do every single bit of housework _____ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.（2004广西）   A. since       B. while       C. when       D. as    6. She thought I was talking about her daughter, _____, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.   A. whom   B. where   C. which   D. while  7. We thought there were 35 students in the dining hall, _____, in fact, there were 40. (NMET2006)   A. while   B. whether  C. what   D. which 8. The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, _____ the quality of life is ‎ probably one of the highest.（2006天津）   A. since   B. when   C. as   D. while 9. The computer system _____ suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet   A. broke down  B. broke out  C. broke up  D. broke in 10. A man cannot smile like a child, _____ a child smiles with his eyes, while a man smiles with his lips alone.（2006湖南）    A. so    B. but   C. and   D. for 11. My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was_____ it.（2006陕西） A. in favor of                    B. in memory of C. in honor of                   D. in search of [参考答案和提示] 1. A 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. B 6. D 7. A 8. D 9. A 10. D 11. A 句型17 where…（地点从句） [注意]where引导地点从句时，可以引导定语从句或是逻辑地点状语从句。当它在定语从句中作地点状语，指代地点时，这时可以用in which, on which, at which, to which, from which等结构代替。但是它引导逻辑地点状语从句时，没有这样用法。 [例句] You should put the book where it was. 把书放回原处。 Persistent people begin their success where others end in failure. 不屈不挠者从他人失败的地方获取成功。 Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。 Where men are greedy, there is never peace. 人类贪欲不止，世界和平无望。 Go where you should, keep on studying. 无论你到哪里，你都应该继续学习。 That is the building where my father works. 那是我父亲工作的大楼。 Yesterday I went to the department store, where I met my teacher. 昨天我去百货公司，就在那儿遇见了我的老师。 That’s where a change is needed. 那就是需要变更的地方。 We could see the runners very well from where we stood. 从我们所站的地方能很清楚地看到赛跑的选手。 You should let your children play where you can see them. 你应该让小孩在你的视线所及的地方玩耍。 Potatoes can be grown in places where it is too cold to grow rice.=Potatoes can be grown in places where it is too cold to grow rice.（本句where引导定语从句） 有些地方太冷不能种水稻，但可以种马铃薯。 [请比较下面的句子结构的不同] Potatoes can be grown where it is too cold to grow rice.（本句where引导地点状语从句） [高考题回放] 1. You should make it a rule to leave things _______ you can find them again.（1999广东） A. when  B. where  C. then  D. which        2. She found her calculator _______ she lost it.（2000上海） A. where  B. when  C. in which D. that         3. The famous scientist grew up ______ he was born and in 1930 he came to ‎Shanghai ‎. A. when  B. wherever C. where  D. whenever          4. I can think of many cases ______ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.（2003上海）   A. why    B. which  C. as   D. where      5. A fast food restaurant is the place _______, just as the name suggests, eating is performed quickly. (2004上海春季) A. which  B. where  C. there  D. what         6. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _______ I disagree.（2004全国） A. why    B. where  C. what   D. how      7. I work in a business _______ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.（2004湖南） A. how   B. which  C. where  D. that   8. There were dirty marks on her trousers ______ she had wiped her hands.（2004吉林） A. where  B. which  C. when  D. that   9. We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places _____ other visitors seldom go.（2002北京）   A. what     B. which     C. where    D. when  10. If a shop has chairs _____ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.（2005上海）    A. that      B. which    C. when     D. where 11. –Is that the small town you often refer to?    –Right, just the one _____ you know I used to work for years.（2005福建）    A. that      B. which    C. where    D. what   12. The place _____ the bridge is supposed to be built should be _____ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.（2005江苏）    A. which; where      B. at which; which    C. at which; where      D. which; in which     13. I walked in our garden, _____ Tom and Jim were trying a big sign onto one of the trees.（2005辽宁） A. which     B. when     C. where    D. that       14. The manager had fallen asleep where he _____, without undressing.（2005安徽）    A. was laying  B. was lying  C. had laid  D. had lied   15. If you are traveling _____ the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do.（2006天津）    A. in which    B. what      C. when     D. where 16. Letterboxes are much more _____ in the UK than in the US, where most people have mailbox instead.（2006浙江）   A. common    B. normal    C. ordinary    D. usual 17. We are trying to reach a point _____ both sides will sit down together and talk.（2006山东）    A. where     B. that       C. when       D. which    18. In a room above the store, where a party _____, some workers were busily setting the ‎ table.    A. was to be held   B. has been held   C. will be held      D. is being held 19. –Mom, what did your doctor say?    –He advised me to live _____ the air is fresh.（2006四川）    A. in where     B. in which      C. the place where     D. where   1. B 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.B 6.B 7.C 8.A 9. C 10. D 11. C 12. C 13. C 14. B 15. D 16. A 17. A 18. A 19. D 句型18 what引导的从句 what在英语中非常活跃,它可以用来引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句，但是不用来引导定语从句。在句子里可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语，既可以指人，也可以指物。 [例句] What is the population of the world? 世界的人口有多少？ What did you pay for this picture? 这幅画你付了多少钱？ What is most important in life isn’t money. 人生最重要的并非是金钱。 Will you show me what you bought? 可以把你所买的东西给我看一下吗？ Mary is no longer what she was ten years ago. Mary已经不是10年前的她了。 [高考题回放] 1. _____ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.   A. What      B. That      C. It        D. This   2. These photographs will show you _____.   A. what does our village look like       B. what our village looks like     C. how does our village look like        D. how our village looks like   3. No one will be sure _____ in a million years.   A. what will man look like          B. what man will look like     C. man will look like what          D. what look will man like    4. A computer can only do _____ you have instructed it to do.（2001全国）   A. how       B. after      C. what       D. when  5. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster _____ he had done the day before.（2001上海春季）   A. that       B. how      C. where      D. what    6. –I think it’s going to be a big problem.   –Yes, it could be.   –I wonder _____ we can do about it.（2002春季）    A. if        B. how       C. what       D. that    7. _____ she couldn’t understand was _____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.（2002上海）   A. What; why     B. That; what      C. What; because  D. Why; that    8. Perseverance is a kind of quality—and that’s _____ it takes to do anything well.（2002上海）   A. what      B. that       C. which      D. why    9. When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly _____ he wants.（2002上海春季）   A. what      B. which      C. when      D. that     10. –Are you still thinking about yesterday’s ‎ game?    –Oh, that’s _____.（2003春季）    A. what makes me feel excited      B. whatever I feel excited about      C. how I feel about it              D. when I feel excited    11. People have heard what the President has said; they are waiting to see _____he will do.（2003年春季）    A. how       B. what       C. when      D. that    12. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _____ I thought was a dangerous speed.（2004上海春季）    A. as       B. which      C. what       D. that     13. Along with the letter was his promise _____ he would visit me this coming Christmas.（2004上海春季）    A. which       B. that        C. what       D. whether    14. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _____ our astronauts desired to do is walk in space.（2004上海）    A. where       B. what       C. that        D. how     15. A story goes _____ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.（2004上海）    A. when       B. where      C. what        D. that     16. Anyway, that evening, _____ I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place.（2004浙江）    A. when       B. where      C. what      D. which    17. I think Father would like to know _____ I’ve been up to so far, so I decided to send him a quick note.（2004湖南）    A. which      B. why      C. what      D. how   18. Do you have any idea _____ is actually going on in the classroom?（2005辽宁）    A. that       B. what       C. as      D. which      19. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for _____ he thought was not enough.（2005山东）    A. where      B. how       C. what       D. which      20. The way he did it was different _____ we were used to.（2005江西）    A. in which     B. in what     C. from what      D. from which    21. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer _____ it was 20 years ago, _____ it was so poorly equipped.（2005安徽）    A. what; when     B. that; which     C. what; which    D. which; that  22. Mary wrote an article on _____ the team had failed to win the game.（2005全国I）    A. why       B. what       C. who       D. that     23. _____ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.（2005上海）    A. What is required  B. What requires  C. It is required    D. It requires    24. I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize _____ silly mistakes I had made.（2005湖南）    A. what       B. that       C. how       D. which    25. What we used to think _____ impossible now does seem possible.（2006天津）    A. is    B. was   C. has been  D. will be ‎ 26. _____ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.（2006辽宁高考题）    A. What   B. Who   C. Whatever  D. Whoever 27. –Could you do me a favor?    –It depends on _____ it is.（2006北京）    A. which   B. whichever      C. what   D. whatever 28. Most of what has been said about the Smiths _____ also true of the Johnsons.（2006安徽）    A. are    B. is    C. being   D. to be [参考答案和提示] 1. A 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. C 7. A 8. A 9. A 10. A 11. B 12. C 13. B 14. B 15. D 16. D 17. C 18. B 19. C 20. C 21. A 22. A 23. C 24. A 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. B 句型19 as引导的非限制性定语从句      在as引导的非限制性定语从句中，连接代词as在句子中可以作主语、宾语或表语等，可以指人或物。其在定语从句中的位置比较灵活，即可以在句子前面，在句子中间或句子末尾。常用的结构有：as we all know; as is well known to…; as is often the case; as is said/mentioned above; as has been said before; as I told you before; as is evident; as often happens; as can be seen; as is/was expected; as we expect; as I can remember等。 [注意1]as通常只指整个句子的内容，不表示部分内容。 [注意2]as引导的非限制性定语从句通常指“事先可以预料到的”“料想到的”，表达“好”的方面。 [注意3]as引导限制性定语从句时，常构成the same…as…; such…as…; so/as …as…等结构。在从句中既可以指人、物，也可以指整个句子。 [例句]  This is also part of your work, as I told you before. 我曾告诉过你，这也是你工作的一部分。 The man was a teacher, as was evident from his way of speaking. 从那人说话的样子可明显看出，他是个老师。 Such ideas as he hits on are worthless. 像他那样偶然想起的主意是无用的。 It’s the same story as I heard from her yesterday. 这故事跟我从她那儿听到的相同。 He will marry as pretty a girl as he can find. 他要尽可能找漂亮的女孩结婚。 Such people as have made great contributions to the world should be greatly respected. 那些对世界做出巨大贡献的人们应该受到极大的尊重。 [高考题回放] 1. _____ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the meeting.（2005浙江）   A. When       B. After      C. As       D. Since   2. _____ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.（2004江苏）   A. Which      B. When   C. What    D. As 3. _____ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.   A. It    B. As   C. That   D. What 4. _____ has been announced, we shall have our final exams next month.（2003上海春季）   A. That    B. As    C. It    D. What   ‎ ‎ 5. The Beatles, _____ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.（2006天津）   A. what   B. that    C. how   D. as 6. Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada, _____ this was a memory she especially treasured.（2006广东）   A. as    B. if    C. when   D. where [参考答案和提示] 1. C 2. D 3. B 4. B 5. D 6. A 句型20 which引导的非限制性定语从句（也引导限制性定语从句）      which引导的非限制性定语从句既可以指整个句子内容，也可以指句子的部分内容（如单词或词组等），在句子中可以作主语、宾语（动词或介词的）、定语等。注意它在句子中的位置：只能放在主句后，不能放在主句前。表达的内容是“不好的”、“事先没有预料到的”等时，常用which，只指物。 [例句] Yellowstone National Park, which is in Wyoming, is one of the most beautiful national parks in the world. 黄石国家公园位于怀俄明州，是世界上最美丽的国家公园之一。 The clock, which my grandfather bought, is still in good order. 这时钟是我祖父买的，现在还走时很准。 The picture, for which he paid an enormous amount of money, was a forgery. 那幅画他花了一大笔钱购买，却是幅赝品。 She changed her mind again, which made us all angry. 她又改变了主意，这使我们大家都生气了。 I lived three years in Paris, during which time I learned French. 我在巴黎住了三年，在那期间我学了法语。 The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect. 天气结果转晴， 这是我们没有预料到的。 [高考题回放] 1. Jim passed the driving test, _____ surprised everybody in the office.（2005浙江）   A. which       B. that       C. this       D. it   2. Her sister has become a lawyer, _____ she wanted to be.（2005湖北）   A. who        B. that      C. what   D. which   3. Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, _____ he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students’ Union.（2005重庆）   A. during which time     B. for which time   C. during whose time     D. by that time  4. He was educated at a local grammar school, _____ he went on to Cambridge.（2005山东）   A. from which      B. after that   C. after which   D. from this   5. I walked in our garden, _____ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees.（2005辽宁）   A. which       B. when   C. where   D. that 6. There are altogether eleven books on the shelf, _____ five are mine.（2004甘肃、青海）   A. on which      B. in which   C. of which   D. from which  ‎ ‎ 7. There are two buildings, _____ stands nearly a hundred feet high.（2004湖北）   A. the larger      B. the larger of them   C. the larger one that      D. the larger of which 8. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _____ are sold abroad.（2004辽宁）   A. of which      B. which of  C. of them  D. of that   9. Anyway, that evening, _____ I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Richel’s place.（2004浙江）   A. when   B. where   C. what   D. which   10. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _____ the sailing time was 226 days.（2004广西）    A. of which      B. during which  C. from which  D. on which 11. York, _____ last year, is a nice old city.（2003北京）    A. that I visited  B. which I visited C. where I visited D. in which I visited 12. The famous basketball star, _____ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.（2002北京春季）    A. where   B. when   C. which   D. who 13. John said he’d been working in the office for an hour, _____ was true.（2001北京春季）    A. he    B. this   C. which   D. who 14. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _____, of course, made the others unhappy.（NMET2000） A. who   B. which   C. this   D. what  15. The result of the experiment was very good, _____ we hadn’t expected.（2000北京春季）    A. when   B. that   C. which   D. what  16. Frank’s dream was to have his own shop _____ to produce the workings of his own hands.（2005湖南）    A. that    B. in which  C. by which  D. how 17. The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs _____ they are being trained.（2005江西）    A. in that    B. for that  C. in which  D. for which 18. The place _____ the bridge is supposed to be built should be _____ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.（2005江苏）    A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which  19. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _____ people were eaten by the tiger.（2005广东）    A. in which  B. by which  C. which   D. that  20. The English play _____ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.（NMET2004）    A. for which  B. at which   C. in which  D. on which 21. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase _____ was very reasonable.（2000上海）    A. which price  B. the price of which  C. its price  D. the price of whose 22. The policeman’s attention was suddenly caught by a small box which _____ placed ‎ under the Minister’s car.（2005广东）    A. has been  B. had been   C. was being  D. would be  23. Millions of pounds’ worth of damage _____ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.（2005重庆）    A. has been caused B. had been caused C. will be caused D. will have been caused   24. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _____ the Pacific, and we met no storms.（2005辽宁）    A. was called  B. is called  C. had been called D. has been called   25. You can find whatever you need at the shopping center, _____ is always busy at the weekend （2006上海春季）    A. that    B. where   C. what   D. which 26. I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction _____ she had come.（2006重庆）    A. of which   B. by which  C. in which  D. from which 27. I was given three books on cooking, the first _____ I really enjoyed.（2006浙江）    A. of that   B. of which  C. that   D. which   28. A warm thought suddenly came to me _____ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday.（2006安徽）    A. if    B. when   C. that   D. which 29. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, _____ we gave some bells and glasses.（2006湖南）    A. to which  B. to whom  C. with whom  D. with which 30. The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, _____ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.（2006江苏）    A. who   B. that   C. as   D. which 31. She was educated at Beijing University, _____ she went on to have her advanced study abroad.（2006陕西） A. after which     B. from which  C. from that      D. after that 32. A clean environment can help the city bid for the Olympics, which _____ will promote（促进）its economic development.（2006山东）    A. in nature  B. in return  C. in turn   D. in fact [参考答案和提示] 1. A 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. C 6. C 7. D 8. A 9. D 10. A 11. B 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. C 16. B 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. C 21. B 22. B 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. B 30. D 31. A 32. C ‎ 句型21 （1）、疑问词+ever  whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however用来引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter和what, who, which, when, where, how连用。 [例句] Whatever (=No matter what) may happen, we shall not lose hope. 无论发生什么事，我们都不能失去希望。 Whatever reasons you (may) have, you should carry out a promise.‎ ‎ 无论你有什么理由，你都应该遵守诺言。 Whoever (=No matter who) comes, he will be warmly welcome. 无论谁来，都会受到热烈欢迎。 Whenever (=No matter when) it happened, it was certainly not yesterday. 此事无论发生在何时，但绝不是昨天。 Whenever you (may) call, you will find her sitting by the window. 无论什么时候你去找她，你都会看到她坐在窗边。 Wherever (=No matter where) he went, he made friends with people. Whichever (=No matter which) of them you many choose, the quality will be the same. 他们当中不论你选哪一个，品质都一样。 However (=No matter how) hard I have tried, I can’t find the answer. （2）、whatever, whoever, whichever, whomever等引导名词性从句，这时不能用no matter+疑问词替换。 [例句] Take whichever you want. 你要哪个就拿哪个。 We will do whatever we can to help him out. 我们要尽力帮助他摆脱困境。 I’ll show you whatever you want to see. 你想看什么我就给你看什么。 Whoever did this job must be rewarded. 无论谁做这件事都要得到报酬。 Whoever walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold. 任何人在这种大雨中行走都会患感冒。 You may invite whomever（口语中常用whoever代替）you like to the party. 你可以邀请你喜欢的人来参加晚会。 Take whatever magazines you want to read. 你可以取阅任何你想读的杂志。 [高考题回放] 1. _______, I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week.（2004上海春季）   A. However the story is amusing  B. No matter amusing the story is   C. However amusing the story is  D. No matter how the story is amusing    2. The famous scientist grew up ______ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.（2002上海春季）   A. when    B. whenever  C. where   D. wherever    3. You can eat food free in my restaurant _______ you like.（2004重庆）   A. whenever   B. wherever   C. whatever  D. however     4. You should try to get a good night’s sleep ______ much work you have to do.（2004湖北）   A. however    B. no matter   C. although  D. whatever     5. We were told that we should follow the main road ______ we reached the central railway station.（2004辽宁）   A. whenever   B. until   C. while   D. wherever     6. Sarah hopes to become a friend of ______ shares her interests.   A. anyone    B. whomever  C. whoever  D. no matter who   7. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _______ he or she wants.（NMET1997）   A. however    B. whatever   C. whichever  D. ‎ whenever     8. It was a matter of ______ would take the position.（1998上海） A. who     B. whoever    C. whom   D. whomever       9. These wild flowers are so special I would do ______ I can to save them.（2000北京春季）   A. whatever    B. that      C. which   D. whichever     10. –Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?   –Oh, that’s _______.（2003北京春季）   A. what makes me feel excited   B. whatever I feel excited about   C. how I feel about it     D. when I feel excited       11. The poor young man is ready to accept _____ help he can get.（2005全国II）   A. whichever      B. however      C. whatever     D. whenever  12. He tried his best to solve the problem, ______ difficult it was.（2005天津）   A. however        B. no matter      C. whatever     D. although   13. The old tower must be saved, _____ the cost.（2005浙江）    A. however       B. whatever     C. whichever    D. wherever    14. Don’t respond to any e-mails _____ personal information, no matter how official they look. (2006天津)    A. searching      B. asking      C. requesting    D. questioning 15. _____team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.（2006山东）    A. No matter what         B. No matter which     C. Whatever          D. Whichever 16. No matter how frequently _____, the works or Beethoven still attract people all over the world.（2006广东）    A. performed      B. performing    C. to be performed  D. being performed 17. Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always _____ the same thing.（2006江苏）    A. saying        B. said        C. to say      D. having said   18. This is a very interesting book. I’ll buy it, _____.（2006陕西） A. how much may it cost              B. no matter how it may cost C. however much it may cost           D. how may it cost ‎ ‎[参考答案和提示]  1. C 2. C. 3. A. 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. A 10. A 11. C 12. A 13. B 14. C 15. D 16. A 17. A 18.C 句型22全倒装句型（一）     here, there, out, in, up, down, now, then, away等副词放在句首，句子需要全部倒装 [例句] There goes the bell! = The bell is ringing. 铃响了！ Here comes the bus. =The bus is coming. 汽车来了。 Now comes your turn to make a short speech. 该轮到你发言了。 Away went the thief when he saw the police. Then came the hour we had been looking forward to. 我们期盼的时候到了。 [注意] （1）在这种情况下倒装仅限于不及物动词或be动词，像go, come, rush, live, stand,‎ ‎ lie等。 （2）主语是人称代词时不要倒装。如：Away he went. 他走远了。‎ 句型23全倒装句型（二） 表示方位的状语放在句首，句子全倒装；谓语动词多为be, lie, stand, sit, come, walk, run, stop etc. 不及物词。 [例句] On a hill in front of them stands a great castle. 在他们面前的山上矗立着一座巨大的城堡。 In front of the house stopped a police car. 房子的全面停着一辆警车。 Around the corner walks a young policeman. 拐角处有个年轻的警察在行走。 Under the tree sat a boy of about ten. 在树下坐着一个大约10岁的男孩。‎ 句型24全倒装句型（三） （表语）adj. / v-ing / v-ed +（地点状语）+ be（或其他动词形式）… So adj./adv…that…如此……以至于……(so引导的句子倒装，而that引导的句子不倒装！) (这种结构是半倒装句。)    [例句] Present at the meeting were the manager, all the designers and the writer. 出席会议的有经理，设计师和词作者。 Fastened to the pole is the National flag. 旗杆上有一面国旗。 Hidden behind the door were some naughty children. 有几个顽皮的孩子藏在门后面。 Sitting at the back of the classroom were several old teachers, listening attentively to the new teacher. 坐在教室后面的是几位老教师，他们在认真地听新教师的课。 Gone are the days when farmers lived in the poor houses. 农民住在破旧房子里的日子过去了。 Typical for China is the crosstalk show, where a pair of comedians entertains the audience with word play. 相声是中国典型的喜剧，两个演员通过玩弄词藻来逗乐观众。 So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood. 他说英语非常清晰，别人都能听懂他的话。 So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光运行非常快，我们几乎无法想象它的速度。‎ 句型25 半倒装句（一）    否定意义的副词或短语放在句首，句子半倒装。这样的副词主要有：little, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, never, not at all, by no means（决不）, at no time（在任何时候都不），nowhere, in no case (无论如何都不)；not in the least (=not at all) , on no condition（决不） 等。 [例句] Never shall I forget you. At no time was the man aware of what was happening. 那个人根本没有注意到发生的情况。 Little did I understand what he said to me at that time. 我那时几乎没有明白他给我说的话。 It’s beyond des cription. Nowhere else in the world can there be such a quiet, beautiful place. 那真是用语言难以形容。世界上没有其他地方会有这么安静、美丽的地方了。 Not a single mistake did he make in the exam. 他在考试中没有犯一个错误。 By no means are these works of art satisfactory. 这些艺术品根本不能令人满意。 On no condition should you visit that place. 你决不能去那个地方。‎ 句型26‎ ‎ 半倒装句（二）    not only…, but also…（前一分句倒装，后一分句不倒装） [例句] Not only was everything he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship was taken away. 不仅他拥有的一切被那走了，就连他的德国国籍也被取消了。 They suggested not only should we attend the party but also give a performance. 他们建议我们不仅要参加晚会，还要进行表演。 Not only should we students study hard, we also should know how to enjoy ourselves in our spare time. 我们学生不仅要学习好，还应该知道在课余时间怎样享受生活。‎ 句型27半倒装句（三）    neither, nor放在句首 [例句] If you don’t go to see the movie, neither will I. 如果你不去看电影，我也不去。 --Why didn’t you buy the jacket? --Neither was the price satisfactory, nor did the color agree with me. 价格不能令人满意，颜色也不太适合我。 I don’t like him, nor do I care about him. 我不喜欢他，也不关心他。 句型28 半倒装句（四）   “only + 状语”放在句首，句子半倒装 [例句] Only when the war was over did he return to work. 直到战争结束他才回去工作。 Only after you have reached eighteen can you join the army. 你只有到了18岁才能参军。 Only in that way will we be ready for the challenges and opportunities in life. 只有这样，我们对生活中的机遇和挑战才会有充分的准备。   Only by changing the way we live will we be able to save the earth. 只有改变生活方式，我们才能拯救地球。 [注意]这种结构的倒装只在only引导状语的时候使用，only引导主语的时候不用倒装。 Only in this way can you work out the problem. 你只有用这种方法才能做出题目。 Only this way can help you work out the problem. 只有这种方法才能帮你做出题目。 句型29 半倒装句（五）     so + be动词/助动词/情态动词等 + 主语 “……也……”（表示肯定意思）    neither/nor +动词/助动词/情态动词等 + 主语 “……也……”（表示否定意思） [例句] She is interested in the story, so am I. He enjoys playing the guitar, so do I.‎ I saw the film last night, so did he. In the past 20 years, our society has changed a lot, so have our eating habits. 近20年来。我们的社会发生了很大的变化，我们的饮食习惯也变了。 Tom didn’t attend the meeting last night; nor did Mary. Tom没来参加昨晚的会议，Mary也没来。 I have never been abroad. Neither/Nor has Tom. [比较1] “so + 主语 + 助动词” 表示肯定已有的观点或事实 [例句] –We have all worked hard these days. –So we have.（的确如此）‎ ‎ I promised to help him, and so I did.（我确实帮助他了）  [比较2] “主语 + 助动词 + so” 表示按照别人的要求去做 [例句] The wounded little boy asked me to lift him up and I did so. The doctor asked Charlie to breathe deeply and he did so. 句型30 so it is with somebody = it’s the same with somebody前者怎么样，后者也怎么样 [注意]前面既有否定句又有肯定句，或有多个谓语动词或助动词难以选择时，用此句型。 [例句] John likes English but he doesn’t like maths, so it is with me (so it is the same with me). Tom is a student and he studies hard, so it is with me. –He was really manly enough to be responsible for what he had done. 他像个男子汉，敢于对自己的所作所为负责。 –So he was, and so it was with you. 他的确如此，你当时也一样。 [高考题回放] 1. I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in my life _____ so happy.（NMET2000）  A. did I feel     B. I felt      C. I had felt     D. had I felt              2. Not a single song ____ at yesterday’s party.（2000年上海）  A. she sang      B. sand she     C. did she sing    D. she did sing       3. _____ can you expect to get a pay rise.（2000年北京春季） A. With hard work              B. Although work hard    C. Only with hard work          D. Now that he works hard             4. Only when the war was over _____ to his hometown.（2001上海春季）  A. did the young soldier return      B. the young soldier returned  C. returned the young soldier       D. the young soldier did return        5. –You forgot your purse when you went out. –Good heavens! _____.（2002上海） A. so did I     B. so I did     C. I did so     D. I so did                6. Not only _____ interested in football but _____ beginning to show an interest in it. （2002上海春季）  A. the teacher himself is; all his students are    B. the teacher himself is; are all his students  C. is the teacher himself; are all his students  D. is the teacher himself; all his students are        7. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once _____ with each other.（NMET2003）  A. they had quarreled       B. they have quarreled  C. have they quarreled       D. had they quarreled 8. _____ snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.（2004上海）   A. Not only they brought        B. Not only did they bring   C. Not only brought they     D. Not only they did bring  9. I failed in the last examination last term and only then _____ the importance of ‎ studies.（2004重庆）   A. I realized     B. I had realized     C. had I realized     D. did I realize      10. Of the making of good books there is no end; neither _____ any end to their influence on man’s lives.（2004广东）    A. there is     B. there are      C. is there      D. are there    11. Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else _____ such a beautiful palace. （2004辽宁）    A. can you find  B. you could find    C. you can find     D. could you find        12. –I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible.    –_____.（2004广西）    A. Nor am I     B. Neither would I   C. Same with me     D. So do I           13. Mary never does any reading in the evening, _____.（NMET2005）    A. so does John  B. John does too    C. John doesn’t too    D. nor does John      14. Never before _____ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today. （2005上海）    A. has this city been        B. this city has been       C. was this city            D. this city has           15. They have a good knowledge of English but little _____ they know about German.（2005天津）    A. have      B. did      C. had        D. do        16. –Well, I do think the rabbit is a beautiful, gentle animal which can run very fast.    –_____.（2005辽宁）    A. So it is      B. So is it      C. So does it      D. So it does     17. In the dark forest _____, some large enough to hold several English towns.（2005辽宁）  A. stand many lakes  B. lie many lakes  C. many lakes lie    D. many lakes stand 18. Only after my friend came _____.（2005福建）    A. did the computer repair   B. he repaired the computer  C. was the computer repaired     D. the computer was repaired     19. –Father, you promised!  –Well, _____. But it was you who didn’t keep your word first.（2005湖北）  A. so was I      B. so did I     C. so I was     D. so I did      20. _____, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.（2005重庆）   A. A quiet student as he may be   B. Quiet student as he may be C. Be a quiet student as he may  D. Quiet as he may be a student   21. –Maggie had a wonderful time at the party.  –_____, and so did I.（2005安徽）  A. So she had     B. So had she     C. So she did     D. So did she   22. _____ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.（2005江苏）  A. So curious the couple was   B. So curious were the couple C. How curious the couple were     D. The couple was such curious    23. _____, Carolina couldn’t get the door open.（2005广东）    A. Try as she might        B. As she might try     C. She might as try        D. Might she as try ‎ ‎ 24. Only in this way _____ to make improvement in the operating system.（2003上海春季）    A. you can hope   B. you did hope    C. can you hope    D. did you hope    25. Just in front of our house _____ with a history of 1,000 years.（2006上海春季）    A. does a tall tree stand    B. stands a tall tree    C. a tall tree is standing    D. a tall tree stands   26. Fitness is important in sport, but of at least _____ importance are skills.（2006天津）    A. fair   B. reasonable   C. equal    D. proper  27. I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means _____ with my progress.（2006重庆）    A. the teacher is not satisfied   B. is the teacher not satisfied   C. the teacher is satisfied    D. is the teacher satisfied 28. _____ by keeping down costs will PowerData hold its advantage over other companies.（2006浙江）    A. Only   B. Just   C. Still   D. Yet 29. Never in my wildest dreams _____ these people are living in such poor conditions. (2006安徽)    A. I could imagine     B. could I imagine    C. I couldn’t imagine    D. couldn’t I imagine  30. So difficult _____ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.（2006广东）    A. I did find   B. did I find   C. I have found D. have I found 31. _______homework did we have to do that we had no time to take a rest.（2006福建） A. So much       B.Too much      C. Too little     D. So little 32. –It’s burning hot today, isn’t it? –Yes. _____ yesterday.（2006陕西） A. So was it        B. So it was       C. So it is       D. So is it ‎ ‎[参考答案和提示] 1. A 2. C. 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. C 11. A 12. B 13. D. 14. A 15. D 16. A 17. B 18. C 19. D 20. B 21. C 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. C 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. B 31. A 32. A 虚拟语气 句型31 （从句）If + were/did（动词的过去式），（主句）主语 + would/might/should/could + do（表示对现在情况的假设） [例句] If I were you, I would not be so proud. 如果我是你，我不会如此自负。 I don’t have a cellphone. If I had one, it would be convenient for me to get in touch with others. If I were in your position, I would think better of it. 如果我处在你的位置，我会好好考虑它。‎ 句型32    （从句）If + had done, （主句）主语+ would/might/should/could +have done（表示对过去或已经发生事情的虚拟假设） [例句] What a pity it is that you didn’t attend the concert yesterday! If you had attended the ‎ concert, you would have seen the famous singer. 真遗憾昨天你没有去听音乐会。如果你去了，就能见到那位著名歌手。 Anyone in his position would have done the same. =If anyone had been in his position, he would have done the same. 任何处在他位置的人都会这样做的。‎ 句型33    （从句）If + were/did（动词过去式）/were to do/should do，（主句）主语+ would/might/should/could + do（表示对将来的假设） [例句] If he should refuse (= If he were to refuse=If he refused), it didn’t matter at all. 万一他拒绝了，那也没关系。 If you shouldn’t pass the college entrance examination, what would you do? 万一高考不中，你该怎么办？‎ 句型34虚拟语气条件句的倒装     在虚拟条件句中，如果出现有were, had, should，可以省去if, 把这些词放在句子前面，构成虚拟倒装句。 [例句] Should he act like that again, he would be fined. 如果他还这样做，就要受罚。 Had the doctor come in time last night (=If the doctor had come in time last time), the boy would have been saved. 昨天晚上要是医生及时到达，小孩就会得救。 Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes. Had I enough money (= If I had enough money), I would buy a larger house. 句型35 if only引起的感叹句，相当于 “How I wish + 宾语从句”，意思是“但愿……；要是……就好了” [例句] If only he could come! 他要是能来就好了！ If only we students didn’t have so much homework！要是没有这么多的作业该多好！ If only I hadn’t been so careless in the exam! 我当时没有那么粗心就好了！  句型36 if it were not for… (= were it not for…) if it hadn’t been for… (= had it not been for…)“要不是因为有……；如果不是……” [注意]这种结构中不能用否定结构的缩写形式，即不能用weren’t it for…） [例句] If it hadn’t been for (= Had it not been for) the determined captain, all the passengers on board wouldn’t have been saved. 要不是船长一直坚强，船上的旅客就不会得救。 If it were not for your rich parents, you couldn’t live so easy a life. 要不是你父母有钱，你的生活不会如此安逸。 If it were not for the expense, I would go abroad now. 如果不是因为经费问题，我现在就出国了。‎ 句型37   “but for + 名词”和“but that +从句”，意思是“倘若不是；要不是”，接虚拟语气 [例句] But for air and water, nothing could live. (= If there were no air or water, nothing could ‎ live.) 如果没有空气和水，什么东西都难以生存。 But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier. = If it hadn’t been for the storm, we should have arrived earlier. 如果不是暴风雨，我们早就到了。 But for you, we couldn’t have carried out the plan. 要不是你的话，我们无法实施那项计划。 She could not have believed it but that she saw it. 若非亲眼所见，她是不会相信的。 句型38 在动词insist（1坚持做某事），order, command（2命令）, advise, suggest, propose（3建议做某事），demand, require, request, ask（4要求）等表示建议、命令、要求的名词性从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气。基本句型：主语+ (should) + 动词原形。另外像decide, desire, intend, recommend等也要接(should)+动词原形结构。 [例句] Mother insists that Tom (should) go to bed at nine o’clock.（宾语从句） We suggested that the meeting (should) be held at once. It was required that the crops (should) be harvested at once.（主语从句） The suggestion that he (should) be invited was rejected.（同位语从句） That is their demand that their wages (should) be increased.（表语从句） [注意1]    advice, suggestion, order, demand, proposal, request, desire, command, decision, requirement等名词引导的同位语从句或表语从句，谓语动词用 (should) + 动词原形。 [注意2]    It’s suggested/ advised/ demanded/ordered/requested/proposed/required/desired等结构后的主语从句中，谓语动词用(should) + 动词原形。 [注意3]suggest意思是“表明，暗示；说明”时；insist意思是“坚持观点，坚持看法”时，句子不能用虚拟语气。 He insisted that he was innocent.=He insisted on his innocence. 他坚持说自己是无辜的。 He insisted that he had never done wrong. 他坚持说没有做错事情。 Are you suggesting that I’m not suited for the job? 你是在暗示说我不适合做那项工作？ The look on his face suggested that the teacher was quite satisfied with the result. 脸上的表情说明老师对结果感到满意。‎ 句型39     It is necessary/important/natural/impossible/essential（基本的）等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气，即主语+(should)+动词原形 It’s necessary that Tom take the exam first. Tom有必要先参加考试。 With the society developing very fast, it’s quite necessary/important that we (should) have a good knowledge of English and computer. 随着社会的快速发展，我们有必要精通英语和电脑。‎ 句型40 It’s strange/surprising/a pity/a shame/a surprise (that) … should do…should表示“竟然” [例句] It’s a pity that she should miss the chance. 很遗憾她错过了机会。 It’s really surprising that a prophecy（预言）should coincide with the fact so exactly.‎ ‎ 令人惊讶的是，预言和事实竟然如此巧合。 It’s strange that he shouldn’t pass the exam. 奇怪的是他竟然没有通过考试。‎