高考英语一轮复习Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars重点梳理现题解析 22页

必修3　 Unit 4　Astronomy: the science of the stars 要 点 梳 理 高效梳理·知识备考 ‎●重点单词 1．astronomy n．天文学→astronomer n．天文学家 2．system n．系统；体系；制度 3．theory n．学说；理论→theoretical adj.理论上的 4．globe n．球体；地球仪；地球→global adj.全球性的；全世界的 ‎5．violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violence n．暴力→violently adv.猛烈地 6．atmosphere n．大气层；气氛 7．unlike prep.不同；不像→dislike vt.不喜欢 8．presence n．出席；到场；存在→present adj. & n. & v．在场的；目前，现在；出席；颁发，授予 9．harmful adj.有害的；伤害的→harm n．危害，害处→harmless adj.无害的 ‎10．exist vi.存在，生存→existence n．存在，生存 11．puzzle n．谜；难题vt. & vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难→puzzled adj.迷惑的→puzzling adj.令人迷惑的 12．gravity n．万有引力；重力 13．satellite n．卫星；人造卫星 14．climate n．气候 15．spaceship n．宇宙飞船 16．pull n. & vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力 17．float vi. & vt.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮 n．漂浮物 18．mass n．质量；团；块；大量；(复)群众 ‎●重点短语 1．in time　　　　　　　及时；终于 2．lay eggs 下蛋 3．give birth to 产生；分娩 4．in one’s turn 轮到某人；接着 5．prevent...from 阻止；制止 6．block out 挡住(光线) 7．cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋 ‎8．now that 既然 9．break out 突发；爆发 10．watch out 密切注视；当心；提防 11．cool down 冷却 12．as well as 也；还有…… 13．depend on 依靠；依赖，取决于 14．get close to 靠近 ‎ ●重点句型 1．This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop. 这就形成一个连锁反应，使生命发展成为可能。 2．But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over. 而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。‎ ‎ 3．...walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.……既然重力改变了，行走的确需要一些练习。‎ ‎●范文 假定你是李华。在一个英文网络论坛上，你看到一个名叫Grown－up的中学生发帖(post)寻求帮助，请根据帖子内容、写作要点和要求回贴。‎ Grown－up Post at 18－5－2009 20：08‎ ‎ ‎ Hi, everyone，‎ I'm 17 years old and I am going to university this autumn. But my mother continues to treat me as a seven－year－old. What should I do?‎ TOP Last Topic　Next Topic ‎＋REPLY　＋NEW 写作要点： 1．告诉Grown－up要理解母亲； 2．给Grown－up提出解决问题的具体建议。 要求： 1.短文需写在答题卡的指定区域。 2.短文词数不少于80(不含已写好的部分)。 3.内容充实，结构完整，语意连贯。 4.书写须清晰、工整。‎ Hi, Grown－up， As a student of your age, I understand your situation. ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________‎ ‎ Hi，Grown－up， As a student of your age, I understand your situation. The problem you are facing is common among our teenagers. However, it should be wise not to do anything that may hurt her feelings. Here are a few suggestions.‎ First, it's advisable to talk more with your mom. I learnt talks help you understand each other better. They are also opportunities to let her know your ideas of and attitudes toward many things. Second, you should learn to do your own things well, proving to your mom that you are already a “grown－up”， It's even better if you could share more of the housework, such as cleaning, washing and cooking.‎ 考 点 探 究 互动探究·能力备考 Ⅰ.词汇短语过关 1．harmful adj. 有害的；伤害的 harm n．&vt. 损伤；伤害 harmless adj. 无害的 harmlessness n. 无害 be harmful to 对……有害 do sb. harm/do harm to sb. 对某人有害 do more harm than good 弊大于利 There is (no) harm in (sb.‘s) doing sth. (某人)做某事有(无)害处。 It does (no) harm (for sb.) to do sth. (对于某人来说) 做某事有(无)害处。 mean no harm 没有恶意 ‎ (1)Fruit juice can ______ __________ ______ children‘s teeth.果汁可能损坏儿童的牙齿。 (2)What he did _________ his reputation. 他所做的损害了他的名声。‎ be harmful to harmed ‎ (3)He may look fierce, but he _________ ______ ______. 他可能看上去很凶，但并无恶意。 (4)The court case will ______ ______ ______ ______ my business.这起诉讼案件将严重损害我的生意。‎ means no harm do ‎ serious harm to ‎2．exist vi. 存在；生存；维持生活 ‎ existent adj. 存在的，现存的　existence n. 存在，生存 There exists/existed....某地有……，存在…… exist in 存在于……之中 exist on 靠……为生 exist by 靠……生存 come into existence 开始存在；成立 bring into existence 使发生，产生 ‎ (1)________ always ________ a force of attraction between two bodies. 两物体间总是存在着吸引力。 (2)They ______ ______ very little food. 他们靠极少的食物来生存。 (3)That word doesn‘t ______ in English. 英语中没有这个词。‎ There exists exist on exist ‎ (4)Fish can't ______ ______ ______ ______. 鱼离开水就不能生存。 (5)When did the world ______ ______ ______________？ 世界是什么时候开始产生的？‎ exist ‎ out of water come into existence ‎3．puzzle vt. 使困惑；使糊涂　n. 难题；谜 puzzling adj. 令人困惑的 puzzled adj. 感到困惑的 puzzle about/over sth. 苦苦思索；仔细琢磨 puzzle sth. out 琢磨出……的答案；开动脑筋 be in a puzzle about sth. 对某事迷惑不解 set a puzzle for sb.(＝set sb. a puzzle) 出个谜语叫某人猜 ‎ be puzzled by 被……迷惑 ‎(1)It's quite ______ ______ ______ us why he did that. 他为何做那样的事，我们完全搞不懂。 (2)This sentence _________ me. 这个句子令我困惑。 (3)I ______ ________ how to solve the problem. 我不知道怎样解决这个问题。 (4)The question is ________ to me. 这个问题令我困惑。 ‎ a puzzle to puzzles was puzzled puzzling ‎4．in one’s turn轮到某人；接着 in turn依次；轮流；转而；反过来 by turns轮流；交替 take one’s turn轮到某人做……了 take turns依次；轮班，轮流 on the turn正在转变，正在变化 out of turn不合时宜地，鲁莽地 ‎ (1)The girls called out their names ______ ______. 那些女孩儿逐一报出了自己的名字。 (2)We make every effort to make more films, and ______ ______ this creates further environmental pollution. 我们在竭力生产出更多的电影，反过来这又造成了进一步的环境污染。‎ in turn in turn ‎(3)We kept watch ______ ______. ＝We ______ ______ to keep watch. 我们轮流守望。‎ by turns took turns ‎5．prevent...from 阻止；制止 stop sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 protect sb. from...保护某人不受……侵袭，挡住，防御 keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事 ‎(1)What can we do to ___________________ this disease ______ ___________？我们能做什么来防止这种疾病蔓延呢？ (2)Don't ______ others ________ for long.不要让别人等太久。 ‎ prevent/stop/keep from spreading keep waiting 提示：(1)在被动句中 from 均不能省略。如： We were stopped/prevented/kept from going out by the heavy rain. 大雨使我们无法外出。 (2)protect...from...中 from后接能带来伤害或损害之事物。如： They huddled together to protect themselves from the wind. 他们挤在一起，免受风吹。‎ ‎6．cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋 cheer sb. up 使某人高兴；使某人振奋 cheer on 为……加油 cheer sb. 为某人喝彩 with good cheer 欣然地 Cheers! 干杯！祝你健康！(用于祝酒)‎ ‎ (1)______ ______！ The news isn't too bad. 振作一点吧！也不是什么太坏的消息。 (2)Every time an English runner won a race, the crowd _________.每次英国选手赢得赛跑冠军，观众就欢呼。 (3)The crowd __________ their favourite horse ______.‎ ‎ 观众都替他们看好的马加油。 ‎ Cheer up cheered cheered on ‎7．break out (战争、灾难、瘟疫等)突发；爆发(无被动语态) ①The Second World War broke out in September 1939. “二战”是1939年9月爆发的。 ②A fire broke out in the neighborhood last night. 昨晚居民区里发生了火灾。‎ 拓展：break away from 脱离(政党等)；打破(陈套等) break down 出故障，抛锚；(计划等)失败；(身体、精神等)垮掉；打倒，砸破；(化合物等)分解 break in 破门而入；闯入；打断(话语等) break into 破门而入，突然……起来 break off 折断；突然中止，断绝，结束 break through 突破 break up 打碎，拆散；散开，解散；(学校)期末放假，(集会)结束 break into pieces 成为碎片 ‎　介、副词填空 (1)She started to speak, then broke ______ while a waitress served us with coffee. (2)He lost his job and his marriage broke ______. (3)Her health broke ________ under the pressure of work.‎ off up down ‎(4)Should another world war break ______， what would become of human beings? (5)Firemen had to break the door ______ to reach the people trapped inside. (6)The meeting broke ______ at eleven o'clock. 　‎ out down up ‎8．watch out 注意；当心 watch out(for)＝ look out (for) 密切注意；留神 take care 留神，注意 be careful 仔细，留神 watch it 当心，小心 watch over 照看；看守 keep a close watch/eye on 密切注视 ‎(1)______ ______！ There is a car coming! 当心！有车来了！ (2)______ ______ ______ cars while crossing the road. 过马路时要当心车辆。 (3)______ ______ not to catch a cold.＝______ ______ not to catch a cold. 当心别着凉。‎ Watch out Watch out for Be careful Take care Ⅱ.重点句型详解 1．This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop. 这就形成一个连锁反应，使生命发展成为可能。 本句中 it做形式宾语，真正的宾语为不定式短语 for life to develop。it做形式宾语还可以代替动名词或从句。‎ ‎①He thinks it his duty to help others. 他认为帮助别人是他的职责。 ②He made it a rule to get up at six every morning. 他把每天早晨6点起床作为一项规定。 ③We consider it no use going to the seaside. 我们认为去海边没用处。‎ ‎④We all consider it a pity that you didn‘t come to the party.‎ ‎ 我们都认为你没有来参加聚会很遗憾。 ⑤I hate it when people speak with their mouths full. 我不喜欢人们说话时嘴里有满满的东西。 ⑥You may depend on it that we’re honest. 你可以相信我们是诚实的。‎ 拓展：it还可以做形式主语，代替真正的主语——不定式(或不定式复合结构)、动名词(或动名词复合结构)或从句。 (1)It's＋adj.＋for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是……的。 (2)It's＋adj.＋of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事…… (3)It's/was/...who/that...是某人/某物做……‎ ‎(4)It is/was the＋序数词＋time＋that...＋主语＋have/had done... 这是某人第……次做…… (5)It is (high) time that...＋主语＋did/should do... 是……该做……的时候了。 (6)It's said/reported/believed/announced that... 据说/据报道/据猜测/据称……‎ ‎(7)It‘s a pity/a shame/a wonder...that... 可惜/遗憾/奇怪……的是…… (8)It happens/appears/seems that... 恰巧/看来/好像…… (9)It looks/seems as if... 看起来好像…… (10)It’s up to sb. to do... 该某人做……了 ‎　(1)He didn't make ______ clear when and where the meeting would be held. A．this　　　　　　　　　B．that C．it D．these 解析：it做形式宾语，真正宾语为 when and where从句。‎ 答案：C ‎(2)I'd appreciate ______ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. A．that B．it C．this D．you 解析：it做形式宾语，代替 if从句。‎ 答案：B ‎2．But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the ‎ earth and fell over. 而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。 倍数的表达方式有：‎ ‎(1)“A＋倍数＋形容词或副词的比较级＋than＋B”，表示“A比B大(长、高、宽等)多少倍”。 (2)“A＋倍数＋as＋形容词或副词的原级＋as＋B”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。 (3)“A＋倍数＋the size/height/length/width, etc.＋of＋B”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。‎ ‎(4)“A＋倍数＋what从句”，表示“A是……的多少倍”。 ①Asia is four times as large as Europe. ＝The size of Asia is four times that of Europe. ＝Asia is four times the size of Europe. ＝Asia is three times larger than Europe. 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大(比欧洲大三倍)。‎ ‎②Our total income of 1994 was double that of 1992. 我们1994年的总收入是1992年的两倍。 ③The production now is three times what it was ten years ago.现在的产量是十年前的三倍。‎ ‎　(1)Though it's a challenging job, he did it ______ it took me. A．onethird a time B．onethird time C．the onethird time D．onethird the time 解析：考查倍数比较的句型，即“倍数＋the＋n.”结构。‎ 答案：D ‎ (2)What a table! I've never seen such a thing before. It is ______ it is long. A．half not as wide as B．wide not as half as C．not half as wide as D．as wide as not half 解析：考查倍数比较 half＋as...as。‎ 答案：C ‎3．...walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed. ……既然重力改变了，行走的确需要一些练习 ‎(1)句中 does need是一种强调句式。 ①在一般句型中，do (does, did)常用来强调谓语动词的语气，在句中要重读，译为“真的”“的确”“确实”等。 You do look nice today. 你今天看起来真的很漂亮。 Jack said he would come and he did come. 杰克说他要来，他果真来了。‎ ‎②在祈使句中，do表示强烈的请求，而不是命令，有时它可以使邀请对方的心意显得更加客气、热情、友好，而且亲切，此时的 do可译为“千万，务必”等。 Please do sit down. 务必请坐下。 Do be careful next time. 下次千万要小心。‎ ‎(2)now that 在句中引导原因状语从句，相当于 since，意为“既然，由于”，that 可省略。 Now that you have finished your work, you‘d better have a rest. 既然工作已经做完了，你最好休息一下。‎ 辨析：now that/because/since/as/for now that 说明已经成为事实的原因，常译为“既然”。 because 语气最强，回答的是用 why提问的问句，表示直接的或为人所不知的原因。 since与 as语气较 because 弱，表示显而易见或已为人所知的原因。since 侧重主句，as主从并重，语气比 since 弱。‎ for是连词，用来补充说明理由或提供一种解释，不一定是真正的原因，不能放在主句前面。 —Why did you do this? 你为什么这么做？ —Because it is good for you. 因为这对你有好处。 Since you have known it, I won‘t repeat it. 既然你已经知道了，我就不重复了。 Wear strong shoes as we shall do a lot of walking. 穿上结实的鞋子，因为我们要走不少路。 It rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚下雨了，因为地面是湿的。‎ ‎　(1)In my opinion, what Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng ______ good to our country's international positions. A．did do does B．did does do C．does did do D．do do did 解析：第一个 did是 what主语从句中的谓语动词；第二个 does强调谓语 do good to，故选B。‎ 答案：B 易 错 点 拨 自我完善·误区备考 1. unlike/dislike/alike/likely (1)unlike prep.不同；不像 (2)dislike vt. 不喜欢 (3)alike adj. 相似的，同样的 (4)likely adj. 很可能发生的，有希望的 解析：now that 引导原因状语从句，相当于 since，意为：既然。‎ 答案：D ‎　用 unlike, dislike, alike, likely的适当形式填空： (1)The twins look very much ______. (2)________ his brother, he ________ playing football. (3)We all think he is ______ to win.‎ alike Unlike dislikes likely ‎2. pull/drag/draw (1)pull是普通用语，指一时或突然用力拉，与push相对。有时可用于把某人某物拖、拉到某目的地的或固定的方向。 (2)drag是指“拖”“拉”着笨重的物体擦着地面，缓慢而费力地拖、拉动作。 (3)draw是指“拖”“拉”的物体向自己所在的方向移动，而且拖、拉的动作是从容的、不太费劲的。‎ ‎　(1)She _________a truck out from under the bed. (2)______ the door open. Don’t push it. (3)______ your chair up to the table. (4)The ants are _________ pieces of corn.‎ dragged Pull Draw pulling ‎3. in time/at a time/at one time/on time/in no time/at times/at no time in time及时；总有一天；终于 on time按时 ‎ at one time曾经，一度 at a time一次，同时 at times有时 at no time决不，在任何时候都不 in no time立刻，马上 ‎　(1)This kind of social phenomenon could exist only for a few months, but it will disappear __________. (2)_____________ she wanted to be a nurse, but the thought of working at night put her off. (3)They ran all the way to the corner just ________ to catch the bus.‎ in no time At one time in time ‎(4)My honey, life is very difficult and cruel _________. Wipe your tears. (5)Deal with your questions separately, one ______. (6)Be sure to be _________. The meeting is very important. (7)___________ will we give up. ‎ at times at a time on time At no time 高 效 作 业 自我测评·技能备考 Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．He was interested in a__________________ and always stayed up at night to watch the stars.‎ ‎2．Not long ago a v___________ earthquake occurred off the coast of Indonesia.‎ ‎3．Computer hackers have broken down security s____________，raising questions about the safety of information.‎ ‎4．Too much sugar can be h________ to children's teeth.‎ astronomy　‎ violent systems harmful ‎5．The three－star hotel offers a friendly ‎ a______________________ and personal service.‎ ‎6．China has sent up another ______ (人造卫星) into space.‎ ‎7．There is a lot of rubbish ___________(漂浮) on the surface of the river.‎ ‎8．_____________ (理论) is based on practice.‎ ‎9．The__________ (气候) is different from place to place.‎ ‎10. 6 _______________ (乘) by 5 is 30.‎ atmosphere　‎ satellite floating Theory climate multiplied Ⅱ .单项选择 1．—I‘m thinking of the test tomorrow. I’m afraid I can‘t pass this time. —______！ I’m sure you‘ll make it. A．Go ahead　　　　　　 B．Good luck C．No problem D．Cheer up 答案：D 解析：考查交际用语。cheer up 用于鼓励别人：振奋起来，别灰心。‎ ‎2． With the words, he ______ a wide mouth jar from his pocket and set it on the table in front of him. A．pulled out B．checked out C．stuck out D．dropped out 答案：A 解析：考查动词短语。语意表示他从口袋里拿出一个广口瓶，用pull out表示“抽，从……中抽出来”。check out“结帐离去，办妥手续离去”；stick out“坚持，突出，伸出”；drop out“退出，退学”。‎ ‎3．As the busiest woman in Norton, she made ______ her duty to look after all the other people‘s affairs in that town. A．this B．that C．one D．it 解析：考查 it做形式宾语，真正宾语为不定式短语 to look after...。‎ 答案：D ‎4．Completely lost in the exciting ______ of the football match, Tom didn‘t feel his pocket picked. A．scene B．view C．atmosphere D．sight 答案：C 解析：考查名词辨析。atmosphere 在此指“气氛；氛围”。‎ ‎5．Many Europeans ______ the continent of Africa in the 19th century. A．exploded B．exposed C．explored D．expanded 答案：C 解析：句意为：许多欧洲人在19世纪对非洲大陆进行了探索。explode爆炸；expose暴露，显示；explore探索；expand扩大。‎ ‎6．It’s ______ for the Shenzhou Ⅶ spaceship that every Chinese feels cheerful and proud. A．so a successful flight B．so successful a flight C．such successful a flight D．a such successful flight 答案：B 解析：考查such...that和so...that句型。句意为：对于“神七”来说，这是一次极为成功的飞行，以至于每个中国人都为之高兴和自豪。“so＋adj.＋a＋可数名词单数”或“such＋a＋adj.＋可数名词单数”。‎ ‎7．He has ______ letters to answer and has to work from morning to night. A．much B．a great deal of C．masses of D．the number of 答案：C 解析：考查修饰名词表“大量”的词的辨析。masses of相当于plenty of，意为“许多；大量”。A、B两项用于修饰不可数名词；the number of意为“……的数目”，与题意不符。‎ ‎8． We were scared to death when the fire ______. Fortunately, it was put out before it caused much damage. A．broke out B．came ‎ out C．gave out D．turned out 答案：A 解析：考查动词短语辨析。break out表示“(战争、打斗等不愉快事件)突然发生”；come out表示“出发，发芽”；give out表示“分发，用完”；turn out表示“结果是，生产”。语意：突如其来的大火把我们吓得要死，幸好被扑灭了，没有造成很大损失。A项符合语意。‎ ‎9．At the ______ news, there was a ______ expression on his face. A．puzzled; puzzling B．puzzling; puzzle C．puzzling; puzzled D．puzzled; puzzle 答案：C 解析：第一空用 puzzling “令人迷惑的”修饰 news；第二空指“迷惑的表情”用 puzzled。‎ ‎10．Do you think ______ life on Mars? A．it exists B．there exists C．it is existed D．there is existed 答案：B 解析：考查There exists ...句式，意为“某地存在某物”。exist v. 存在。‎ ‎11．All possible means ______. However, nothing can ______ him dying of lung cancer. A．has tried; stop B．have tried; keep C．has been tried; prevent D．have been tried; stop 答案：D 解析：第一空主语 means 是单复数同形的名词，有 all修饰，谓语用复数，且为被动语态；第二空 stop和 prevent 都对，但 keep...from中 from不能省略。‎ ‎12．______， I lost heart in English learning, but my teacher often said to me, “Keep on working hard, and you‘ll succeed______.” A．At a time; in time B．At a time; on time C．At one time; in time D．At one time; on time 答案：C 解析：第一空填 at one time “曾经有一段时间”，第二空填 in time “迟早”。at a time “一次”；on time “按时”。‎ ‎13． Water, which seems so simple and common, is ______ makes life possible. A．what B．that C．which D．how 答案：A 解析：考查表语从句。名词性从句的解题原则是“缺什么补什么”，此处表语从句“______ makes life possible”中缺少“主语”，同时“主语”不表示“人”，用what(表示人时应该选用who或者whom)。所以选A项。‎ ‎14．______you‘ve passed the final exam, you can prepare for the coming holiday. A．Now that B．As soon as C．Although D．If 答案：A 解析：考查状语从句。now that 可引导原因状语从句，意为“既然”。‎ ‎15．Some parts in South China have experienced ______this year as they did last year. A．twice as much rain B．rain twice as much C．as twice much rain D．twice rain as much 答案：A 解析：考查倍数比较 twice as much ...as。‎ Ⅲ .阅读理解 A Vincent Van Gogh (30 March 1853～29 July 1890) was a Dutch post－Impressionist artist. He was considered one of the greatest artists with great influence on 20th century art.‎ Van Gogh spent his early adult life working for a firm of art dealers. After a brief period as a teacher, he became a missionary(传教士) worker in a very poor mining region. He did not begin his career as an artist until 1880; however during the last ‎ ten years of his life, he produced more than 2 000 pieces, including around 900 paintings and 1 100 drawings and sketches(素描). ‎ He worked only with sombre(昏暗的) colours until he met Impressionism and neo－Impressionism in Paris. Van Gogh incorporated(合并) their brighter colours and style of painting into a uniquely recognizable style. Most of his best－known works were produced during his final two years, when he was suffering from serious mental illness.‎ In 1890, at the age of 37, Van Gogh shot himself in the chest. He died two days later, with Theo, his brother and his best friend, at his side, who reported his last words as “The sadness will last forever”. Theo, unable to come to terms with his brother's death died 6 months later and was buried next to him. It would not take long before his fame grew higher and higher.‎ Vincent Van Gogh's mother threw away quite a number of his paintings during Vincent's life and even after his death. But she would live long enough to see her son become a world famous painter. The only painting he sold during his lifetime, The Red Vineyard, was created in 1888. It is now on display in the Pushkin Museum in Moscow, Russia. Several paintings by Van Gogh rank among the most expensive paintings in the world. ‎ On March 30, 1987 Van Gogh's painting Irises was sold for a record $53.9 million at Southeby's, New York. On May 15, 1990 his Portrait of Doctor Gachet was sold for $82.5 million at Christie's, thus establishing a new price record.‎ ‎1．What's the right order of Van Gogh's life experience? a．worked as a teacher b．took up drawing c．worked in an art firm d．worked as a missionary worker A．c, a, b, d B．c, a, d, b C．b, c, a, d D．b, a, c, d 答案及解析： 1．B。细节题。由第三段可知B项正确叙述了梵高的人生经历。‎ ‎2．Which words can best describe Van Gogh's later years? A．Sad and ‎ boring. B．Normal and peaceful. C．Happy but fruitless. D．Painful but productive.‎ 答案解析:D。推断题。根据文章可知，梵高晚年患有严重的精神疾病(serious mental illness)，而他的大部分著名作品创造于生命的最后两年，由此可以判断他的晚年是“痛苦而又多产的”。‎ ‎3．Why did Van Gogh kill himself? A．Because he was a failure as an artist. B．Because he had an unhappy family. C．Because he lost his beloved brother. D．Because he was suffering from mental illness.‎ 答案解析:D。细节题。第二段结尾告诉我们，梵高晚年患有严重的精神疾病，第dg 段开头接着说梵高自杀，由此可知D项正确。‎ ‎4．What can we learn from the passage? A．Van Gogh didn't become famous until he died. B．Van Gogh drew and sold many paintings in his life. C．Van Gogh achieved great success during his lifetime. D．Van Gogh drew most of his paintings between 1888 and 1890.‎ ‎4．答案解析:A。推断题。结合最后一段开头The only painting he sold during his lifetime...和第三段结尾It would not take long before his fame grew higher and higher.可以判断梵高生前并不辉煌，只是死后才声名大噪，故A项正确。 本文是一篇对比文，特点是平行论述，没有主次之分，作者不发表态度和结论，一般两种观点的开头可当做文章主旨。‎ B Some futurologists have assumed that the vast upsurge(剧增)of women in the workforce may portend a rejection of marriage. Many women, according to this hypothesis, would rather work than marry. The converse(反面)of this concern is that the prospects of becoming a multipaycheck household could encourage marriage. In the past, only the earnings and financial prospects of the man counted in the marriage decision.‎ Now, however, the earning ability of a woman can make her more attractive as a marriage partner. Data show that economic downturns tend to putting off marriage because the parties cannot afford to establish a family or are concerned about rainy days ahead. As the economy comes to life, the number of marriages also rises.‎ The increase in divorce rates follows to the increase in women working outside the home. Yet, it may be wrong to jump to any simple causeandeffect conclusions. The impact of a wife's work on divorce is no less cloudy than its impact on marriage decisions. The realization that she can be a good provider may increase the chances that a working wife will choose divorce over an unsatisfactory marriage. ‎ But the reverse is equally plausible(似是而非的). Tensions grounded in financial problems often play a key role in ending a marriage. By raising a family's standard of living, a working wife may strengthen her family's financial and emotional stability.‎ Psychological factors also should be considered. For example, a wife blocked from a career outside the home may feel caged in the house. She may view her only choice as seeking a divorce. On the other hand, if she can find fulfillment through work outside the home, work and marriage can go together to create a stronger and more stable union. ‎ Also, a major part of women's inequality in marriage has been due to the fact that, in most cases, men have remained the main breadwinners. A working wife may rob a husband of being the master of the house. Depending upon how the couple reacts to these new conditions, it could create a stronger equal partnership or it could create new insecurities. ‎ ‎5. The word “portend” (line 2, para.1) is closest in meaning to“______”． A. defy B. signal C. suffer from D. result from 答案解析:B。词义题。根据句意不难理解portend是“预示”的意思。signal也有“显示”的意思；defy不服从，反抗；suffer from忍受，遭受；result from由……产生。‎ ‎6. It is said in the passage that when the economy slides ______. A. men would choose working women as their marriage partners B. more women would get married to seek financial security C. even working women would worry about their marriages D. more people would prefer to remain single for the time being ‎ ‎6.答案解析: D。细节题。题干的the economy slides等于原文的economic downturns。第一段提到经济低迷时期人们倾向推迟婚姻，‎ 因为双方不能承担一个家庭或者担心更窘迫的日子。D符合原文意思。‎ ‎7. If women find fulfillment through work outside the home, ______. A. they are more likely to dominate their marriage partners B. their husbands are expected to do more housework C. their marriage ties can be strengthened D. they tend to put their career before marriage ‎ 答案解析： C。细节题。第三段最后一句可知选项C正确。‎ ‎8. One reason why women with no career may seek a divorce is that ______. A. they feel that they have been robbed of their freedom B. they are afraid of being bossed around by their husbands C. they feel that their partners fail to live up to their expectations D. they tend to suspect their husbands, loyalty to their marriage ‎ ‎8.答案解析： A。细节题。第三段第二句提到不能外出工作的妇女会感到被关在笼子里，相当于“they feel that they have been robbed of their freedom”“她们感到被剥夺了自由。”‎ ‎9. Which of the following statements can best summarize the author's view in the passage? A. The stability of marriage and the divorce rate may reflect the economic situation of the country. B. Even when economically independent, most women have to struggle for real equality in marriage. C. In order to secure their marriage women should work outside the home and remain independent. D. The impact of the growing female workforce on marriage varies from case to case. ‎ ‎9. 答案解析：D。主旨题。用排除法解题。A因果颠倒，排除；B文章从未提及；C以偏盖全；只有D，女性外出工作对婚姻的影响各不一样，这准确表达出文章的两种平行的相反观点。‎ ‎ ‎