2020年高考英语语法必考知识点：虚拟语气专项练习 15页

2020 年高考英语语法必考知识点：虚拟语气专项练习 1、You didn’t let me drive. If we ______ in turn, you ______ so tired. A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get C. were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven; wouldn’t have got 2 、 It ’ s high time that something _________ to prohibit selling fake commodities. A. must be done B. was done C. be done D. were done 3 、 — I ’ m worried about the sports meet. Do you think it will be postponed? — If it ________ rain tomorrow. But actually the weather forecast has removed our worry. A. could B. would C. might D. should 4、 All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he _____badly wounded and that he ____at once. A. should be; be operated on B. were; must be operated on C. be; was operated on D. was; be operated on 5、—Philip was ill and didn't attend Tom's wedding last week. —I ________, either, if my sister _______ me. A. wouldn't; hadn ’ t reminded B. wouldn't have; hadn ’ t reminded C. hadn’t; wouldn’t remind D. didn’t; hasn’t reminded 6、 Without Sir Tim, the father of www, keeping up with the latest ______ so convenient. A. would be B. wouldn’t be C. would have been D. wouldn’t have been 7、I’m sorry, Bill. I _________ the book to you last week, but I was so busy that I forgot to do so. A. must have returned B. could return C. should have returned D. might return 8、 What would have happened____, as far as the river bank? A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther 9、I am still suffering from a fever. If I ______ the doctor’s advice yesterday, I ______ from my illness. A. take; would recover B. took; would recover C. took; would have recovered D. had taken; would have recovered 10、 What a pity. If I had caught that flight, I ____ over the Pacific Ocean now. A. would fly B. would have flown C. would be flying D. were flying Keys: 1、D 2、B 3、D 4、D 5、B 6、B 7、C 8、C 9、D 10、 C 定义 动词虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望, 假设, 猜测, 建议, 请求, 意图, 设想等 未能或不可能成为事实的情况, 或者在说话人看来实现可能性很小的情况, 而不表示客观存在的现实。 表现形式 通过句中谓语动词的特殊形式来表现. 这些特殊形式与谓语动词的某些时 态相同, 但它们只表示语气, 而不表示时态, 但含有一定的时间概念 用法 一.虚拟语气在简单句中的用法: 谓语动词用原形或 may +动词原形 1.表示祝愿 a. Long live our country. b. May you succeed. c. May you be happy all your life. 2.表示命令 a. Everybody leave the room. 二.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法 1.表示与现在事实相反的情况时, if 从句的谓语用动词的过去式 (be 动词的 过去式多用 were, 而不用 was), 主句的谓语用 should / would / could / might +动词原形 (should 多用于第一人称, would 多用于二三人称, could / might 可用于所有人称) a. If I had more time, I should study computer better. b. If he were not so busy, she would attend the meeting this afternoon. c. If they didn’t take exercises every day, they wouldn’t be so healthy. d. If you went to bed earlier, you would not be so sleepy in the morning. e. If she invited me, I should go to the party. 2.表示与过去事实相反的情况时, if 从句的谓语用 had done 形式, 主句的 谓语用 should / would / could / might + have done 的形式 a. If she had invited me yesterday, I should have gone to the party. b. I would have checked my paper again if I had had more time at yesterday’s exam. c. If you had taken the teacher’s advice, you would not have failed in the exam. 3.表示与将来事实相反的情况时, if 从句的谓语形式是: ①.完全动词过去式 (be 的过去式通常用 were); ②.should +动词原形; ③.were to do. 其中 ②, ③种情况都含有出乎意料之外之意; 主句的谓语的形式是: should / would / could / might +动词原形 a. If she should invite me tomorrow, I should go to the party. b. If it rained / should rain / were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off. c. If I saw him tomorrow, I would pass your note to him. d. I might come back if I were to miss the train. 三.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中用法的几个变体: 1.条件从句省略 if: 在书面语中, 如果条件从句中的谓语中有 were, had, should 等词, 可将 if 省略, 而把 were, had, should 放在句首 a. Were I you (=If I were you ), I would get up early very early. b. Had you arrived (=If you had arrived ) at the station ten minutes earlier yesterday, you could have caught the train. 2.省略条件从句或主句, 省略部分的含义仍有所体现. 省略主句时, 表示己 不能实现的愿望 a. You could have done it yourself (if you had wanted to). b. I wouldn’t smoke (if I were you). c. If my old friends were with me! (要是老朋友和我在一起该多好啊) d. If you could have seen the wonderful film! 3.主从句时间不一致时, 主从句谓语动词的形式取决于要表示的具体时间 a. You would speak English well if you had practised speaking it every day. b. If she hadn’t trained so hard, she wouldn’t be able to run so fast. 4.假设的条件不以条件从句, 而以其他方式如介词短语、从句等表达出来, 这种句子称为含蓄条件句 a. What would you do with a million dollars? b. Without music, the world would be a dull place. c. We could have done better with more money. d. He would have given you more help, but he has been so busy. 四.虚拟语气在 as if / though 从句中的用法: 1.表示与现在事实相反或对相在情况有所怀疑, as if / though 从句谓语用 过去式 a. He speaks English so well as if she had studied English in England. b. She looked as if she were ill. 2.表示与过去事实相反的情况, as if / though 从句谓语用过去完成式 a. The machines operated as if it had been repaired. 五.虚拟语气在含 even if / though 从句的复合句中的用法: 在此类复合句中, 若表示与事实相反, 可用虚拟语气形式. 主从句的谓语动 词形式与非真实条件句相同 a. Even if I were rich, I would work. 六.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法: 如果表示说话人的看法, 想法或意见, 在句型 It is / was + adj. + that 从 句中, 主语从句中可用虚拟语气. 主语从句中谓语动词用 should do 表示 现在或将来情况, 用 should have done 表示过去情况 a. It is necessary that you should clean the lab before you left. b. It is important that you should take the doctor’s advice. c. It was very strange that he should have left without say goodbye. 七.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法: 1.在 wish 的宾语从句中, 通常表示不可能实现或没有实现的愿望, 常用虚 拟语气 ①.wish 的宾语从句用过去式, 表示现在或将来没有实现或不可能实现的愿 望 a. I wish I knew the result of the match now. b. I wish it were spring here all the year round. c. I wish I could help you. d. I wish I were young. ②.wish 的宾语从句用过去完成式, 表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望 a. We wish we had got the film tickets last night. b. I wish you I had met him yesterday. ③.wish 的宾语从句若用 would, 则一般表示请求, 对现状不满或希望未来 有所改变 a. I wish the prices would come down. b. I wish you would help me. c. I wish he would be more careful. d. We wish you would spend the holiday with us. 2.在动词 suggest (建议), advise (建议), demand (要求), require (要求), order (命令), insist (坚持)后的宾语从句中, 谓语动词常用( should )+动词 原形的虚拟语气形式 a. I suggested that we should go there at once. b. I demand that he should answer me at once. c. The doctor insisted that the patient should stay in bed for two weeks. d. The officer ordered that the soldiers should stop playing. 与名词 suggestion 建议 / advice 建议 / demand 要求 / request 要求 / order 命令有关的从句(包括同位语从句和表语从句等)中的谓语也用 ( should ) +动词原形 a. The black people made a strong demand that the government ( should ) take steps to change the unfair situation. b. Their demand is that the government should take steps to change the unfair situation. c. I was Bill’s suggestion that everybody should have a map. d. His suggestion was that everybody should have a map. 八.虚拟语气用在句型: It is time that(该做某事了)中的运用: that 从句中的谓语动词用过去式 a. It is time we got up. 九.虚拟语气用在 if only 引导的感叹句中的运用: 表示但愿, 要是就好了, 其中谓语形式与 wish 的宾语从句相同 a. If only he didn’t drive so fast! ( =I wish he didn’t drive so fast.) b. If only he had taken the doctor’s advice. ( =I wish he had taken the doctor’s advice.) c. If only the rain would stop! ( =I wish the rain would stop.) 十.虚拟语气用在 would rather / prefer 后的 that 从句中的运用: 表示现在或将来情况谓语动词用过去时形式, 表示过去情况动词用过去完 成时形式 a. I would rather he came next Saturday. b. I would prefer you had seen the film yesterday. c. I would rather that he painted the house blue. 1、 Jane would never have gone to the party ____ that Mary would come to see her. A. has she known B. had she known C. if she knows D. if she has known 2、Jack wasn’t saying anything，but the teacher smiled at him ________he had done something very clever． A．as if B．in case C．while D．though 3、 ____ the fact that she can’t sing, I would invite her to the evening party. A. Had it not been B. Would it not be for C. Were it not for D. Should it not be 4、The professor gave orders that the test ____before 5:30. A. be finished B. will finish C .will be finished D. shall finish 5、If he ____ my advice , he wouldn’t have lost his job. A. follow B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow. 6、 Mary insisted she ______ right and that Jack ________to her. A. be; said sorry B. was; say sorry C. be; say sorry D. was; said sorry 7、If he________that he________to work there then，everything would be OK now. A．insisted；be sent B．insisted；was sent C．had insisted；be sent D．had insisted；was sent 8、It is our desire that every effort _______ to protect the surroundings in our school． A．is made B．was made C．be made D．will make 9、It was commanded that the coal mine survivors ____ to the nearest hospital for treatment. A. must send B. be sent C. would be sent D. should send 10、 The old man insisted that he _____ old, and _____ back to the working post(岗位) again. A. wasn’t; be sent B. wasn’t; was sent C. be not; send D. isn’ t; sent 11、 If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you ________ this moment. A. wouldn’t be smiling B. couldn’t have smiled C. won’t smile D. aren’t smiling 12、 — Are you ready for the history test tomorrow? — No, I wish I ________ the clock back. A. had turned B. could turn C. will turn D. would have turned 13、 What would have happened ______as far as the river bank ? A． Bob had walked farther B． if Bob should walk farther C． had Bob walked farther D． if Bob walked farther 14、--______ I go home now, sir? --No, you ______. You should finish the composition first. A. Might; wouldn’t B. May; had better not C. Must; mustn’t D. Need; mustn’t 15、--- Where is Mr. Smith? I couldn’t find him anywhere. --- He ______ have gone far, for his coat is still here. A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. wouldn’t 16、----what a pity? He has missed such a good chance. ---Yes, he ___that job the boss offered to him. A. couldn’t have refused B. mustn’t have refused C. shouldn’t have refused D. wouldn’t have refused 17、 If it __________for the snow, we ___________the mountain yesterday. A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; could climb C. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb 18、It is necessary that a middle school student time to do some social work. A．spares B．spared C．spare D．is spared 19、 Had they known what was coming next, they ___________ second thoughts. A. may have B. could have C. must have had D. might have had 20、 We the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me? A. should face B. might face C. could have face D. must have faced 21、 It’s everyone’s desire that every effort ______to realize the China Dream. A. was made B. be made C. will be made D. would be made 22、If you _____ him yesterday, you _____ what to do now. A．asked … would know B. had asked … would have known C. asked him … know D. had asked … would know 23、--______ he use your bike? --Certainly. Here is the key. A. Shall B. Must C. Will D. Does 24、________ anybody call while I am away, please write down his name and address. A. If B. Should C. Could D. Would 25、 29. I wish I_________ longer this morning,but I had to get up and come to class. A.could have slept B.slept C.might have slept D.have slept 26、----John wants to see you today. ----I would rather he _____tomorrow than today. A. come B. has come C. should come D. came 27、—Can you come to attend our party tonight? —Sorry, but I do wish I _________. A. had B. can C. will D. could 28、_____ today, he would get there by Friday. A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leave 29、He come and worry her with questions, just when she was busy cooking the dinner． A．had to B．may C．can D．should 30、 If you were to have a few minutes free, I______ the opportunity to ask you one more question. A. would appreciate B. would have appreciated C. were to appreciate D. had appreciated 答案 1、B 2、A 3、C 4、A 5、C 6、B 7、C 8、C 9、B 10、A 11、A 12、B 13、C 14、B 15、 C 16、C 17、C 18、C 19、D 20、 C 21、B 22、D 23、A 24、B 25、A 26、D 27、D 28、C 29、A 30、 A