原创高考英语阅读理解解题技巧及经典题型 17页

（一） 阅读是获得更综合、更复杂、更精确信息的必要手段，考生在做阅读理解时，不仅要看懂文章的字面意思，还需要针对不同题材和体裁的篇目运用不同的方法作出正确的选择。‎ 一般来说，词汇、阅读速度和理解能力是阅读理解中三个最重要且有相互联系的因素。   ‎ 阅读的方法可以使用以下几种： ‎ ‎1.跳读：就是快速的一步阅读法。实际上是有选择阅读，找关键词。用这种阅读方法回答who、what、when、where之类的问题最为有效。 ‎ ‎2..精读：即最细致、最慢的深层阅读方法，目的是求得对所读文章的全部意义的理解与掌握。          ‎ 在使用阅读技巧时尽量做到以下几点：   ‎ ‎1.带着问题阅读短文。   2.找出主题句、确定中心思想。 ‎ ‎3.推断单词、句子和文章的含义。      ‎ ‎（二）不同体裁文章的特点及解题技巧   ‎ ‎1.记叙文 ‎ ‎ 记叙文又可分传记类和故事类。 传记类文章在阅读中时间是全文的关键，根据时间我们可以找到相关的事件，抓住文章的主要内容。故事类文章情节性较强，阅读时要注意故事中的时间、地点、人物和发生的事件，这些都是文章中的主要内容和信息，对于准确理解文章十分重要。 ‎ ‎2.说明文 ‎   说明文是对事物的形状、性质、特征、成果或功用等进行介绍，解释或阐述的文章。把握所说明事物的特征和本质是理解说明文的关键。说明事物特征的方法很多，主要有定义法、解释法、比较法、比喻法、数字法、图表法、引用法和举例法等。 ‎ l 数字说明文 ‎ ‎ 在阅读数字说明文时要特别注意文中数字的含义，从这些数字中可以找到文章的主要内容。 ‎ l 解释说明文 ‎ 解释说明文着重说明事物的本质、特征和功用等。许多科普文章都属于这一类。在阅读这类文章时要学会解决what, how, why 等一类的问题。它们是文章的关键。如能带着这些问题阅读，将会更迅速抓住文章的主题。   ‎ l 比较说明文 ‎ 比较说明文是通过对比方法说明问题。在阅读这类文章时要善于把握全篇陈述的基本倾向。作者在谈论一个有争议的问题时总要顾及到争议的各个方面。但是，在一般情况下，作者的陈述总要倾向于某一种观点。  ‎ ‎3.应用文 ‎ 应用文涉及的范围比较广，包括广告、通知、书信等。应用文一般语言简洁，省略及不规范的句子较多。阅读时一般要求考生全面掌握文章中提供的信息，并运用这些信息去解决问题。因此对题干的理解尤为重要。‎ ‎ 阅读理解的考题分为客观理解题(是指在短文中客观存在的事实，客观信息的答案一般都可以在原文中找到。即理解文中的具体事实或抽象概念)和主观理解题(这类问题都不可能直接从原文中找到答案，须通过阅读文章对文章主旨和深层含义有更深理解，并据此进行判断和推理)。其中细节理解题和猜测词义题属于客观题；主旨大意题和推理判断题属于主观题。针对不同类型的题目，要在平时的练习过程中，结合具体的题目，给学生进行解题方法的指导和讲解。对于客观题，要提醒他们阅读时关注文章的细节，如时间，地点或一些具体数字，在选择答案时，务必从原文中找到确切的依据。‎ ‎ 我们可将阅读理解归纳为以下四大题型，根据阅读理解题考查角度的不同，可采用不同的解题技巧来应付。‎ Ⅰ.事实细节题 ‎ 属于细节类型的阅读理解题一般只针对某个特定的细节，题型可以多种多样。此类题型一般分两种。第一种是直接理解题，在原文中可以直接找到答案。第二种是词义转换题，正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的转换。做此类试题一定要抓住事件发生的时间、地点、人物、发展过程和结局等环节，所选答案一定要符合原文，切不可望文生义。这类题型的主要提问方式常为：‎ ‎①Which of the following is true/NOT true in the passage?‎ ‎②Which of the following statements is NOT discussed/mentioned in the passage?‎ ‎③Which is the right order of the events given in the passage?‎ ‎④All the following statements are NOT true except       .‎ ‎ 细节题的破解一般采用寻读法，即先看试题，再读文章。对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率，节省了宝贵的时间。寻读法还特别适用于对图形表格类题材的理解。‎ 做此类型的题目还要特别注意句子的逻辑关系。英语中有许多功能词，如：表因果关系的because, since, as等；表转折关系的but, however ,on the contrary, on the other hand等等。‎ Ⅱ.猜测词义题 在高考阅读题中，考生遇到的最大障碍往往有两个：一是被已认识的单词的某一熟知含义所误导；二是被完全不认识的单词的意思所阻碍，从而出现理解偏差或理解困难，影响阅读的速度。‎ 其实解决这两个困难的一个重要法宝是考生在心目中树立起上下文观念，要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。在阅读解题时要注意从以下七个方面着手：‎ ‎1）根据定义或解释、说明猜测生词的词义 在be，be called，call等判断词出现的判断句中，或定语从句及标点符号，可以根据已知部分，猜测生词的含义。例如： The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.通过理解定语从句的意思，能猜出herdsman是“牧人”。‎ ‎2）根据对比关系猜测生词的词义 在but，however，yet，otherwise，though这些表示意义转折的连词出现的句子中，其前后的词有明显对比关系，根据已知的内容，通过这种对比关系，就很容易猜出生词的词义了。例如： Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. ‎ ‎3）通过因果关系猜测词义 because, since与as是连接原因状语从句的从属连词，so是连接表示结果的状语从句的连词，so...that与such...that中的that是连接结果状语从句的。当这些信息词出现在有生词的句子中，通过因果关系，依据已知部分就能猜出生词的词义。例如：She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. 根据because 4） 根据生活常识猜测词义 运用逻辑推理能力，自身的生活经验及生活常识。再联系上下文能读懂的部分，可以正确猜出词义。例如：Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold. ‎ ‎5）根据同等关系猜测词义 同等关系，指的是一个词，一组词或短语在句中作同一成分，而且它们的词义都属于同一范畴。明显的标志是，这样的词组或短语中间常常用并列连词and或or来连接。例如： At forty-two he was in his prime and always full of energy.‎ ‎6）根据列举的事例猜测词义 You can take any of the periodicals: “The World of English”. “Foreign Language Teaching in Schools”, or “English Learning”. ‎ ‎7）根据构词法知识猜测词义 根据学过的构词法知识，知道词根和前缀或后缀的意义，就可猜出由它们组成的新词词义。例如在2006年福建的高考题文章中有这样一句：‎ ‎ The schools are reluctant to take off — even teachers with tickets for the England-Argentina game had trouble getting the day off.‎ A. kind  B.unwilling  C. free  D.careless ‎ Ⅲ.推理判断题 做这类题要求考生在阅读理解整体语篇的同时，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。不要主观臆断，凭空想象，任意发挥，而走入误区。学生要学会运用主题句去推测、揣摩文字背后作者的意图，运用归纳、对比、演绎技能，运用背景知识去挖掘文章深层含义，从而正确理解作者的言外之意，同时认真体会文章的语气与感情基调(如：否定、厌恶、反问、讽刺等)。这类试题常以如下句式发问： ①What can you conclude/ imply from this passage? ②What’s the author’s attitude（态度）towards...?‎ ‎③We can infer /learn from the passage that...‎ 如： Once there was something wrong with a machine in a factory. The workers could do nothing but turn to a German engineer for help, who drew a line on it and said, “Take off the part where the line is and change it for a new one. ”The machine, with a new line on, began running well again. The engineer then asked for $ 30,000 for what he had done. The following were what he wrote on a bill, “The new part only costs one dollar, and knowing where the problem with the machine is costs $ 29,999.”‎ Q: What can you conclude from this passage? A. the engineer asked for too much money B. the workers should pay the money C. the knowledge is worth money D. the new part could cost more ‎ 这篇短文是作者讲的一个故事，那么通过这个故事我们可以判断出什么呢？虽然作者没有言明，但是我们可以断定，发现问题的所在需要智慧和知识，知识是创造价值的源泉，因此此题的正确答案应为C。‎ Ⅳ.主旨大意题 这种题型要求考生能够把握文章的总体，并真正理解主题和中心；要求能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法解题，难度较大，属于高层次题。‎ 一般主旨大意题可以分为两类：‎ ‎1．确定文章的标题和主题(title or topic)‎ 标题位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它可以是单词，短语，也可以是句子。要确定文章标题，首先，要在阅读原文的基础上，考虑标题是否与主题密切相关；其次，看标题是否能概括全文内容。不能只概括短文中的某些事实或细节；然后，要注意标题范围不应太大或太小；最后，标题应简练并能吸引读者。即:1、独特新颖  2、概括性强 3、短小精炼。‎ 常见的标题型题干：‎ ‎1)  The best title/ headline for this passage might be________.‎ ‎2)  The text (passage) could be entitled   ______.‎ ‎3)  What is the best title for the passage?‎ ‎4) What’s the topic of the article?‎ 如：In the 1930s, a lot of people in the USA were out of work. Among these people was a man named Alfred Butts. He always had an interest in word games and to fill his time he planned a game which he called “Lexico”. However, he was not completely satisfied with the game, so he made a number of changes to it and changed its name from “ Lexico” to “Alph” and then to “Criss Cross”. He wanted to make some money from his new game but he didn’t have any real commercial(商业性的)success.‎ Q: The text is mainly about________.‎ A. Lexico    B. Three men   C . A word game      D. Alfred Butts.‎ ‎【解题思路】答案A 和C以偏概全。因此此题的正确答案应为D。‎ ‎2.主题句（topic sentence）及主旨大意(main idea)的概括 一篇文章一般表达一个中心内容或主题。这个中心内容或主题通常用一个句子来概括。此句叫做主题句。一般来说，说明文和议论文都有主题句，而且多位于文章的开头，有时也位于文章的中间或末尾。但有时不能在文中直接找到主题句，要求读者把握每段的主题句，弄清段于段之间逻辑关系的基础上自己归纳总结。主题句必须能简洁明了地概括全文的主要内容，具有高度的综合性和概括性。文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步解释,说明,论证或扩展.‎ 常见的主题句和主旨型题干：‎ ‎1) What is the topic sentence of the passage?‎ ‎2) This article/text/passage mainly tells that _____________.‎ ‎3) Which of the following gives a general idea of the passage?‎ ‎4) Which of the following is the main idea of the passage? 如：Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.‎ Q: What is the main idea of the passage?　‎ A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer. B. Bingham is a diligent student.‎ C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent education. D. A good lawyer needs good education.‎ ‎【解题思路】  此文没有主题句。全篇共四句，只陈述了四个细节(detail)性的事实。因此就答案本身看，个个都对。读者只能将所有的details综合起来，进行逻辑推理，才能构成一个没有言明的主题思想(unstated main idea)。由于文中主要涉及了Joshua Bingham接受教育的情况，即作者想告诉我们的是：Joshua Bingham接受过良好的教育，所以答案是 Ｃ。‎ ‎ 总之，阅读水平的提高不是一两天的阅读就可以见效的。想要提高阅读能力，一是要培养良好的阅读行为习惯；如：要用眼光看，不要用手指去点；要默读，不要小声读。二是要积累大量的词汇，把阅读中的高频难词熟记，每次阅读后要整理好生词，然后记住其意思。三是要广泛地做课后阅读，坚持每天读1-2篇文章。四是不要一遇到生词就查字典，要先猜其意义，等做完题目后再查字典，以免影响阅读速度。 基础练习 故事类 (1) Son’s Help Mr. Lang worked in a factory. As a driver, he was busy but he was paid much. His wife was an able woman and did all the housework. When he came back, she took good care of him and he never did anything at home. So he had enough time when he had a holiday. A few friends of his liked gambling(赌博) and he learned it soon. So he was interested in it and hardly forgot anything except gambling. He lost all his money and later he began to sell the television, watches and so on. His wife told him not to do it but he didn’t listen to her. She had to tell the police. He and his friends were punished for it. And he was hardly sent away. After he came out of lockup(拘留所), he hated her very much and the woman had to leave him. It was New Year’s Day. Mr. Lang didn’t go to work. He felt lonely and wanted to gamble again. He called his friends and they came soon. But they were afraid the police would come. He told his five-year-old son to go to find out if there were the policemen outside. They waited for a long time and didn’t think the police would come and began to gamble. Suddenly opened the door and in came a few policemen. “I saw there weren’t any policemen outside, daddy,” said the boy, “so I went to the crossing and asked some to come.” 1. Mr. Lang was paid much because _______. A. he was a driver B. he worked in a factory C. he had a lot of work to do D. he had worked there for a long time 2. Mrs. Lang did all housework because _______. A. she couldn’t find any work B. she thought her husband was tired C. her husband spent all time in gambling D. she wouldn’t stop her husband gambling 3. _______, so he was put into lockup. A. Mr. Lang often gambled B. Mr. Lang was late for work ‎ C. Mr. Lang didn’t help his wife at home D. Mr. Lang wasn’t polite to the police 4. The woman had to leave Mr. Lang because _______. A. he didn’t love her any longer B. he wouldn’t stop gambling C. he had been put into lockup D. he was hardly sent away by the factory 5. Which of the following is right? A. The boy hoped his father to be put into lockup again. B. The boy thought his father needed some policemen. C. The boy hoped his father to stop gambling soon. D. The boy hoped his mother to come back. ‎ 教育类 （2） Students in many countries are learning English. Some of these students are small children. Others are teen-agers. Many are adults. Some learn at school, others by themselves. A few learn English by learning the language over the radio, on TV, or in film. One must work hard to learn another language. Why do all these people want to learn English? It is difficult to answer this question. Many boys and girls learn English at school because it is one of their subjects required for study. They study their own language and maths and English: Some people learn it because it is useful for their work. Many people learn English for their work. Many people learn English for their higher studies, because at college or university some of their books are in English. Other people learn English because they want to read newspapers or magazines in English. 1. People learn English _______. A. at school         B. over the radio         C. on TV         D. not all in the same way 2. Different kinds of people want to learn English _______. A. together with other subjects         B. for different reas** C. for their work                        D. for higher studies at colleges 3. From this passage we know that _______. A. we can learn English easily B. English is very difficult to learn C. English is learned by most people in the world D. English is a useful language but one must work hard to learn 4. Which of the following is right? A. We don’t need to learn any foreign languages. B. We can do well in all our work without English. C. English is the most important subject in schools. D. We should learn English because we need to face the world. 【答案与解析】本文讲一个赌棍想要赌钱，因此叫他的儿子把风，可他的儿子却把警察找来的故事。 ‎ ‎1. C。细节题。根据第1段第2句话 As a driver, he was busy but he was paid much 可知答案为 C。 2. B。推断题。根据第1段第3句话 His wife was an able woman and did all the housework. When he came back, she took good care of him and he never did anything at home 可知答案为 B。 3. A。推断题。根据 His wife told him not to do it but he didn’t listen to her. She had to tell the police 可知答案为 A。 4. A。细节题。根据 …he hated her very much and the woman had to leave him可知答案为 A。 5. B。语义理解题。根据最后一句话 I saw there weren’t any policeman outside, daddy, so I went to the crossing and asked some to come 可知答案为 B。‎ ‎【答案与解析】这篇文章探究了学习英语热潮的现象和发生这种现象的原因。 1. D。由第1段我们可以知道学习英语的形式可以over the radio, on TV, or in film等不同的方式。 2. B。根据第2段人们学习英语的原因有required for study, useful for their work, for high studies 等几种。由此可推知人们学习英语的原因是不同的。 3. D。由于人们学习英语的各种原因可以发现英语是非常有用的。但从small children到adults(成年人)都用各种形式去学，说明英语必须靠人的努力才能学好。 4. D。由于文章中说很多国家都学习英语，那么如果不学习英语就不能融入现代社会。所以学习英语的目的是we need to face the world(我们需要面对这个世界)。‎ 实战演练 阅读理解专题练习 第2篇 ‎ Alia Sabur, from Northport, N. Y., US, went to college at age 10. And four years later, Sabur became a bachelor of science in. Applied Mathematics summa cum laude（以最优等成绩）from Stony Brook University -- the youngest female in US history to do so. Her education continued at Drexel University, where she earned a Master of Science and a Doctor of Philosophy (哲学博士) in Materials Science and Engineering.‎ ‎ With an unlimited future ahead of her, Sabur directed her first career choice to teaching. "I really enjoy teaching," she said. She was three days short of her 19th birthday in February, 2008, when she was hired to become a professor at Konkuk University in Seoul, Korea. This distinction made her the youngest college professor in history, according to the Guinness' Book of Worm Records, beating the previous record held by Colin Maclaurin, a student of Isaac Newton, in 1717.‎ ‎ Although she doesn't start until next month, Sabur has taken up teaching math and physics courses at Southern University in New Orleans. Sabur is old enough to teach in the city, but not to join her fellow professors in a bar after work. In Korea, where the drinking age is 20, she might have more luck. In traditional Korean culture, children are considered to be 1 year old-when they are born, and add a year to their age every New Year instead of their actual birthday, so in Korea Sabur is considered 20. ‎ ‎ On top of her unprecedented (空前的) academic achievements, Sabur has a black belt in Tae Kwon Do (跆拳道黑带). She is also a talented clarinet (竖笛) player who has performed with musicians like Lang Lang and Smash Mouth. So is there anything Sabur can't do? ‎ ‎6. We can learn from the passage that Sabur is ________.‎ ‎ A. America's youngest bachelor of science ‎ B. Drexel University's youngest student ‎ C. the world'syoungest college professor ‎ D. the world's youngest female teacher ‎7. When Sabur was hired as a professor, her actual age is ________.‎ ‎ A. fourteen B. eighteen C. nineteen D. twenty ‎8. What does the author mean by saying "she might have more luck" (in Paragraph 3)?‎ ‎ A. Sabur might be permitted to drink in a Korean bar.‎ ‎ B. Sabur would be allowed to attend parties in Korea.‎ ‎ C. Sabur is old enough to teach at Konkuk University.‎ ‎ D. Sabur is lucky to be hired by Konkuk University.‎ ‎9. What does the author mainly want to show in the last paragraph?‎ ‎ A. Sabur spends little time in study.‎ ‎ B. Sabur likes music more thain sports.‎ ‎ C. Sabur has her own way to relax.‎ ‎ D. Sabur is talented in many ways.‎ ‎10. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?‎ ‎ A. Alia Sabur is the youngest female doctor from Stony Brook University.‎ ‎ B. Colin Maclaurin has once been the youngest college professor in the world.‎ ‎ C. In Korea, Alia Sabur is not allowed to drink for she is still underage.‎ ‎ D. Alia Sabur knows anything but Tae Kwon Do.‎ 答案：‎ ‎ 美国女孩Sabur今年被吉尼斯世界纪录评为世界上最年轻的教授。‎ ‎6. C。 细节判断题。根据第二段最后一句This distinction made her the youngest college professor in history ．．．可知，Sabur是世界上最年轻的大学教授。distinction在此处的意思是“卓越，殊荣”，指上一句提到的“Sabur在差三天19岁生日时，被韩国建国大学聘为教授”这一殊荣。 ‎ ‎7. B。 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句She was three days short of her 19th birthday ．．． in Seoul, Korea可知，Sabur被聘为教授那天，距她的19岁生日还差三天，因此，当时她还是18岁。 ‎ ‎8. A。 句意理解题。根据第三段的In Korea, where the drinking age is 20和in Korea Sabur is considered 20可知，在韩国Sabur可能被允许进入酒吧。第三段最后一句的大意为：根据传统韩国文化，孩子一出生算一岁，每年过新年的时候就长一岁，不需要等到过生日那天，所以，在韩国Sabur被认为是20岁。 ‎ ‎9. D。 段意理解题。最后一段介绍了Sabur在其他领域取得的骄人成绩。最后一句So is there anything Sabur can’t do?表达了作者对Sabur多才多艺的赞叹。‎ ‎10. B。 根据第2段beating the previous record by Colin Maclaurin, a student of Isaac Newton, in 1717可以推断 Colin Maclaurin曾经是美国吉尼斯世界记录上最年轻的教授。‎ 阅读理解专题练习 第3篇 ‎ Why should I teach my children history? That sounds like a stupid question to even ask. But, as I hear different home schooling teachers discuss history, I get the idea that there may be different reasons for teaching history. Let me briefly explain the three good reasons for studying history and two bad reasons for studying history.‎ ‎ The major reason I see for studying history is that we can learn from the past. I am convinced that the world would be a much better place if more people understood the successes and failures of the past and the thifigs that made these successes and failures. However, as the unfortunately true statement goes "the one thing we seem to learn from ‎ history is that we don't seem to learn from history." Perhaps at least in teaching history, to my children I can do a small part in changing this.‎ ‎ A second major reason for studying history is that it is hard to understand the current political climate in the absence of an understanding of its historical context. We can- not even understand why we are and where we are without history, much less (更不必说) try to figure out where we are going or how we should get where we want to be.‎ ‎ I teach my children history, for one more reason. I purchased a set of historical audio (录音机) tapes for our children. My seven-year-old son listened to them over and over. It was my hope that he would become inspired by the accomplishments of people like the Wright brothers to accomplish things by himself. I think that it is good that we celebrate the accomplishments of people like Martin Luther King Jr. if, in doing so, young people are called on to stand for the principles that he stood for and accomplish what he accomplished. I also think that by studying people like Adolph Hitler, people can learn to stand against the things that he stood for.‎ ‎11. What message can we get from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 ?‎ ‎ A. Many people aren't clever enough to learn well from the past.‎ ‎ B. Many people fail to make good use of history and make the same mistakes.‎ ‎ C. Many people feel it hard to understand history.‎ ‎ D. Many people have no interest in studying history.‎ ‎12. In Paragraph 3, the author shows that history is useful because _______________. ‎ ‎ A. it makes the current political situation go smoothly ‎ B. it helps us realize the importance of historical events ‎ C. it helps us understand why things are the way they are ‎ D. it helps people accept the present situation where they live ‎13. Some historical figures are mentioned in the last paragraph to show ______________.‎ ‎ A. people can be inspired to do good, while also learning to fight against evil ‎ B. people may also learn from bad historical figures ‎ C. more celebrations should be held to honor their achievements ‎ D. today’s people can also achieve what they achieved ‎14. What would be talked about in the following paragraph?‎ ‎ A. How to teach history effectively.‎ ‎ B. Some negative reasons for studying history.‎ ‎ C. How to get more people to study history.‎ ‎ D. Some bad historical figures.‎ ‎15. The main purpose of this passage is to ____________.‎ ‎ A. ins[me the parents to teach their children history ‎ B. show the importance of history in politics ‎ C. explain the reasons why children study history ‎ D. introduce the writer' s own way of teaching history,‎ 答案：本文主要讲了学习历史的三个主要的正面的原因。一是，以史为鉴，可以从历史中吸取教训。二是，在了解历史的基础上，更好得了解目前的状况。三是，鼓励人们向伟大的历史人物学习，为社会多做贡献。11. B。 细节推断题。根据第二段首句可知作者认为学习历史的一个重要的原因是从过去的历史学到东西，但是不幸的是“我们好像从历史中学到的东西是我们好像并没有从历史中学到东西”这句话的含义表明，实际上很多人并没有从充分利用好历史的价值，因此作者希望在教授自己的孩子历史时可以尽一点力量改变这一现状。12. C。 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“A second major reason for studying history is that it is hard to understand the current political climate in the absence of an understanding of its historical context.”可知，如果不了解历史我们就可能不知道当前的政治气候，就不可能知道我们为什么会成为我们现在的样子等等，因此可以推断学习历史可以让我们知道很多事情的形成的原因，直到很多事情为什么会是现在的样子。13. A。 细节推断题。根据“It was my hope that he would become inspired by the accomplishments of people like the Wright brothers to accomplish things by himself.”这句话可知，作者希望孩子能向历史人物学习，做出伟大的贡献。14. B。 推理判断题。根据文章的第一段“Let me briefly explain the three good reasons for studying history and two bad reasons for studying history.”可知作者在谈完了学习历史的积极的原因之后，就要在后面的段落中谈论学习历史的一些消极的原因。15. C。 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段的内容可知作者旨在对孩子们学习历史的有益和有害的原因进行说明。‎ 阅读理解专题练习 第5篇 ‎ Some time ago, I discovered that one of my chairs had a broken leg. I didn't think there would be any difficulty in getting it mended, as there are a lot of antique (古董) shops near my home. So I left home one morning carrying the chair with me. I went into the first shop expecting a friendly reception. I was quite wrong. The man wouldn't even look at my chair.‎ ‎ The second shop, though slightly more polite, was just the same, and the third and the fourth, so I decided that my approach must be wrong.‎ ‎ I went into the fifth shop with a plan in my mind. I placed the chair on the floor and said to the shopkeeper, "Would you like to buy a chair?" He looked it over carefully and said, "Yes, not a bad chair. How much do you want for it, sir?" "Twenty pounds," I said. "OK," he said, "I'll give you twenty pounds." "It's got a slightly broken leg," I said. "Yes, I saw that, it's nothing."‎ ‎ Everything was going according to my plan and I was getting excited. "What will you do with it?" I asked. “ Oh, it will be easy to sell once the repair is done." "I'll buy it," I said. "What do you mean? You've just sold it to me." he said. "Yes, I know but I've changed my mind. I'm sorry, but I'll give you twenty-seven pounds for it." "You must be crazy," he said. Then, suddenly the penny dropped. "I know what you want. You want me to repair your chair." "You're right," I said, "And what would you have done if I had walked in and said, “Would you mend this chair for me… ?” "I wouldn't have agreed to do it," he said, "We don't do repairs, not enough money in it and too much trouble. But I'll mend this for you, shall we say for a fiver?" He was a very nice man and was greatly amused (感到有趣) by the whole thing.‎ ‎21. We can learn from the text that in the first shop the writer ____________.‎ A. was rather impolite.‎ ‎ B. was warmly received.‎ ‎ C. asked the shopkeeper to buy his chair.‎ ‎ D. asked the shopkeeper to repair his chair.‎ ‎22. The expression "the penny dropped" in the last paragraph means the shopkeeper __________. ‎ ‎ A. changed his mind B. accepted the offer ‎ C. saw the writer's purpose D. decided to help the writer ‎23．How much did the writer pay?‎ ‎ A．￡5． B．￡7． C．￡20． D．￡27．‎ ‎24．From the text，we call learn that the writer was ________.‎ ‎ A．honest B．careful C．smart D．funny ‎25．The word“approach”in the second paragraph means ________ in Chinese in this passage．‎ ‎ A. 观点 B．接近 C. 走近D．办法 答案：21．答案是D. 在第一家商店，店家连看都不看一眼，可见他想请人修椅子被拒绝了，后来在第二、三、四家也被拒绝：22．答案是C．从对方的回答“我知道你想干啥，你想让我帮你修椅子”可知他的计谋被识破，23．答案是A．“我”主动提出给七英镑作为维修费，而“他”很好(a very nice man )，提出“fiver'’，可见它的意思是五英镑。24．答案是C从文中不难看出“我”是什么样的人：随机应变，灵活。25．答案是D．阅读理解专题练习 第6篇 ‎ With all the wars, fighting and sadness in the world today, it's not only necessary, but also essential to have a good sense of humor just to help us get through each and every day of our lives. Putting a smile on someone's face when you know they are feeling down in the dumps ( 处于沮丧中), as the saying goes, makes me feel good and warms my heart. ‎ ‎ How would you feel if you could not joke around with your wife, husband, child, co-worker neighbor, close friend, or even just someone that you are standing in line with at your comer store? I am always saying things that make others smile or laugh, even if I don't know the person I'm joking around with. My Grandma always found humor in everything she did, even if it was the hardest job anyone could imagine. This not only relieves stress in any situation, but also is common courtesy (礼貌) to speak to others that are around you.‎ ‎ I know of a few people that don’t have a funny bone in their bodies, as they say. Everyone around them could be rolling on the floor after hearing a great joke and they would sit there without the slightest smile on their face. They don't get the joke that makes others laugh. I am busting a gut while they just sit there, looking at me as if I were from outer space. How can people not get a really funny joke?‎ ‎ Laughing is essential to keep your stress levels under control. Without humor we would find ourselves with a lot of psychological problems, or on a lot of medications to keep us from going crazy. There is too much sadness in this present world. It drives people crazy. We all need to find a way to bypass the sadness and bring a little light into our lives. So, I believe our best medicine is to get together and tell some jokes and have some fun laughing together.‎ ‎26. According to the author, humor is useful in the aspect that ____________.‎ ‎ A. it makes people more confident ‎ B. it can pick up people' s spirits ‎ C. it can help get rid of the cruelty in the world ‎ D. it can help people get on well with others ‎27. The author answers the question in the second paragraph with ___________.‎ ‎ A. facts and descriptions ‎ B. evidence and argument ‎ C. examples and conclusion ‎ D. stories and persuasion ‎28. The phrase “busting a gut" in the third paragraph can be replaced by __________.‎ ‎ A. explaining carefully B. speaking loud ‎ C. keeping silent ‎ D. laughing hard ‎29. In writing the passage, the author mainly intends to __________.‎ ‎ A. talk about his own understanding of humor ‎ B. encourage people to be humorous in daily life ‎ C. introduce a practical way to get through daily life ‎ D. convince people of the power of being optimistic about life ‎30. What is the author' s attitude towards the present world?‎ ‎ A. Positive. B. Critical. C. Satisfied. D. Indifferent.‎ ‎[答案]面对世上的战争、斗争和悲伤，如何才能让自己快乐地生活呢？学会幽默，你就可以做到这一点。作者通过自己的很多亲身经历，说明了幽默的作用，鼓励人们学会幽默，以积极的态度面对生活。26. B。 细节推断题。根据第一段中的“Putting a smile on someone’s face when you know they are feeling down in the dumps, as the saying goes, makes me feel good and warms my heart.”可知幽默可以让那些情绪低落的人脸上露出微笑，由此判断幽默的作用在于提高人们的情绪。27. C。 推理判断题。在第二段中作者提到了自己和奶奶在日常生活中非常幽默，这是在举例说明；第二段的最后一句话是在总结幽默在日常生活中的作用，因此答案为C。 28. D。 词义推断题。根据第三段中“Everyone around them could be rolling on the floor after hearing a great joke, but they would sit there without the slightest smile on their face. They don’t get the joke that makes others laugh.”可知并不是所有的人都能理解一个笑话的可笑之处，有些人会笑得不得了，而有些人却无动于衷；然后作者再根据自己亲身体会进一步说明：他大笑的时候，而那些人却只是坐在那里，像看着外星人一样地看着他，由此可判断用D项代替bust a gut。29. B。 主旨推断题。根据文章内容尤其是最后一段最后一句“So, I believe our best medicine is to get together and tell some jokes and have some fun laughing together.”可知作者是在说明幽默的作用后来鼓励人们在日常生活中学会幽默应对这个压力重重的世界。30. B。 推理判断题。根据第一段的“With all the wars, fighting and sadness in the world today ...”以及末段的“There is too much sadness in this present world. It drives people crazy.”可知作者对当前的世界持批判的态度。‎