2020年高考英语学业水平测试一轮复习 专题二 主旨、要义、作者的意图产、观点和态度类题目 12页

专题二　主旨、要义、作者的意图、观点和态度类题目 ‎[命题特点]‎ 针对文章的主要内容、中心思想、段落大意以及文章的标题进行设问。‎ ‎(1)设题关键词：‎ ‎①general idea/main idea/mainly tells...‎ ‎②main meaning/attitude towards...‎ ‎③intention/intend to.../tend to.../have a tendency...‎ ‎(2)设题切入点：‎ 从文章中的名词、动词、形容词、副词可推断作者的意图与态度。‎ 态度、观点、赞同的关键词：approval/approve/be in favour of，argue，believe，suppose，think，be convinced that...‎ ‎[考查重点]‎ ‎(1)对文章的归纳总结能力。‎ ‎(2)对标题关键词的提炼能力。‎ ‎[方法技巧]‎ ‎(1)利用信息词(如all in all，in a word，there－fore，It shows...等)确定主题句、总结句的位置。‎ ‎(2)对于主题隐含的段落，先弄清问题的意思，然后快速通读全文，逐项排除，确定主旨。‎ ‎(3)记叙文：“何人何时何地何法干何事”。‎ ‎(4)议论文：多在首段或尾段。‎ ‎(5)夹叙夹议：多在尾段。‎ Passage 1‎ Over 70 percent of the “double single－child couples” in China need help from their parents in taking care of their own kids, according to a recent survey.‎ Women of China magazine and a consulting company carried out a survey recently on young couples of the “single－child” generation, the Morning Post reports. The couples surveyed were around 29 and have been married for three years on average, with university education and monthly income of 4，000 yuan($531). Among them, ‎ 12‎ ‎43.5 percent have kids.‎ Results show that 71.9 percent of the young couples have help from their parents in taking care of their kids.‎ Grown up as the “single－child”， the only child in a family since the family planning policy which was adopted in 1979, this generation depends much on their parents.‎ The parents of the “single－child” generation focused more on their children's physical well－being rather than their attitudes and values, according to some psychologists. ‎ The research also found that the “double single－child couples” follow a rather traditional value system.‎ Survey shows that 27.5 percent of them got married after dating for one to two years, 25.2 percent two to five years, and 20 percent didn't tie the knot until dating for five years. Also, 30 percent of the couples were schoolmates, while 43.8 percent were introduced by someone.‎ Since their marriage is based on enduring relationships, 65.2 percent of the husbands and 62.9 percent of the wives think that compromise(妥协)and tolerance(宽容) are necessary in their marriage. Meanwhile, 21.7 percent of the husbands and 37.1 percent of the wives support the idea that happiness is the key standard for a marriage.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了让父母照顾孩子的社会现象。‎ ‎1．The best title for the passage should be “______”．‎ A．Mum and Dad, take care of my kid please B．Double single－child couples C．The problem of the single child D．A recent survey by Women of China 解析：文章首段就点明了文章的论点——很多双独生子女夫妇让父母为他们照顾孩子。下文就围绕这一论点展开具体论述。‎ 答案：A ‎2．Which of the following is NOT supported by the passage?‎ A．The majority of the “double single－child couples” in China depend much on their parents.‎ B．The parents of the “single－child” generation cared more about their study and education.‎ 12‎ C．One－fifth of the couples surveyed didn't get married until dating for five years.‎ D．All the couples surveyed have university education and 30 percent of them were schoolmates.‎ 解析：从文章第五段可知这些独生子女的父母更多地关心他们的身体健康，而不是他们的态度和价值观，这里的态度和价值观当然包括他们的学习观和教育观，故B项表述错误，符合题意。其他选项文中均有表述。‎ 答案：B ‎3．Which of the following descriptions about “double single－child couples” is TRUE?‎ A．They are single children in either family and they are independent on their parents.‎ B．They are single children in either family and they are dependent on their parents.‎ C．They have at least two children and can afford to support themselves.‎ D．They, who were introduced by someone, follow a rather traditional value system.‎ 解析：文章第四段提到他们都是独生子女，并且很依赖他们的父母。‎ 答案：B ‎4．The traditional value system mentioned in the passage refers to one that________．‎ A．parents are concerned about their children's physical life as well as the spiritual life B．most couples were introduced by someone and made dating for a long time C．once begun, double single－child couples' marriage will last forever D．the couples think that compromise and tolerance are necessary in their marriage 解析：由文章最后一段可知，传统价值观念包括：夫妇双方都要有一定的妥协和容忍。由第五段可以排除A项； 由第七段可以排除B项； C项文中没有提到。‎ 答案：D ‎5．According to the passage, we can learn that ________ is necessary in a marriage.‎ A．wealth　　　　　　 B．health C．understanding D．education 解析：由最后一段 “...65.2 percent of the husbands and 62.9 percent of the wives think that compromise(妥协) and tolerance(宽容) are necessary in their 12‎ ‎ marriage.”中的compromise和tolerance可知C项为正确答案。A、B、D三项文中也有涉及，但都不是最准确的。‎ 答案：C Passage 2‎ Millions of people pass through the gates of Disney's entertainment parks in California, Florida and Japan each year. What makes these places an almost universal attraction? What makes foreign kings and queens and other important people want to visit these Disney parks? Well, one reason is the way they're treated once they get there. The people at Disney go out of their way to serve their “guests”， as they prefer to call them, and to see that they enjoy themselves.‎ All new employees, from vice presidents to part－time workers, begin their employment by attending Disney University and taking “Traditions 1”. Here, they learn about the company's history, how it is managed and why it is successful. They are shown how each department relates to the whole. All employees are shown how their part is important in making the park a success.‎ After passing “Traditions 1”， the employees go on to more specialized training for their specific jobs. No detail is missed. A simple job like taking tickets requires four eight－hour days of training. When one ticket taker was asked why it took so much training for such a simple, ordinary job, he replied, “What happens if someone wants to know where the restrooms are, when the parade starts or what bus to take back to the campgrounds？...We need to know the answers or where to get them quickly. Our constant aim is to help our guests enjoy the party.”‎ Even Disney's managers get involved in the daily management of the park. Every year, the managers leave their desks and business suits and put on special service clothes. For a full week, the bosses sell hot dogs or ice cream, take tickets or drive the monorail (单轨车), and take up any of the 100 jobs that make the entertainment park come alive. The managers agree that this week helps them to see the company's goals more clearly.‎ All these efforts to serve the public well have made Walt Disney Productions famous. Disney is considered by many as the best mass service provider in America or the world. As one long－time business observer once said, “How Disney treats people, communicates with them, and rewards them, is in my view the very reason for his fifty years of success...I have watched, very carefully and with great respect and admiration, the theory and practice of selling satisfaction and serving millions 12‎ ‎ of people on a daily basis, successfully. It is what Disney does best.”‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了迪斯尼公司通过严格的训练管理和优质的服务吸引了来自世界各地的人们。‎ ‎1．The first day they come to Disney parks, all new employees ________．‎ A．begin as ticket takers B．must learn several jobs C．begin by receiving on－the－job training D．have already attended Disney University 解析：从第二段“All new employees, from vice presidents to part－time workers, begin their employment by attending Disney University and taking ‘Traditions 1’．”和后面所讲述的训练情况可知，每一个新职员必须进行工作培训。‎ 答案：C ‎2．The main goal of the Disney employees is to ______．‎ A．learn all parts of the business B．keep their important guests happy C．be able to answer all kinds of questions D．see that their guests enjoy themselves 解析：根据文中第三段最后一句话“Our constant aim is to help our guests enjoy the party.”可知，迪斯尼乐园员工的目的是为了让客人过得高兴。‎ 答案：D ‎3．Each year, managers wear special service clothes and work in the park to ________．‎ A．gain a better view of the company's objectives B．remind themselves of their beginnings at Disney C．set a good example for employees D．replace employees on holiday 解析：根据第四段“Every year, the managers leave their desks and business suits and put on special service clothes.”和这一段的最后一句话“The managers agree that this week helps them to see the company's goals more clearly.”可知，经理们每年穿上特殊的工作服的目的是为了更好地认清迪斯尼乐园的创办目标。‎ 答案：A ‎4．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?‎ A．Parades are regularly held in Disney's entertainment parks.‎ B．Disney attracts people almost from all over the world.‎ 12‎ C．Tourists learn the history of Disney in its entertainment parks.‎ D．Disney's managers are able to do almost all kinds of work in the Disney parks.‎ 解析：通读全文可知，选项C是错误的，因为游客到迪斯尼的目的不是为了学习它的历史，而是进行娱乐活动。‎ 答案：C ‎5．This passage is mainly about ________．‎ A．how Disney employees are trained B．the history and traditions of the Disney enterprises C．the importance Disney places on serving people well D．why Disney enterprises make a lot of money 解析：整篇文章主要介绍了迪斯尼公司通过严格的训练管理和优质的服务吸引了来自世界各地的人们。‎ 答案：C Passage 3‎ Bicycle Safety Operation　Always ride your bike in a safe, controlled manner on campus(校园). Obey rules and regulations. Watch out for walkers and other bicyclists, and always use your lights in dark conditions.‎ Theft Prevention　Always securely lock your bicycle to a bicycle rack—even if you are only away for a minute. Register your bike with the University Department of Public Safety. It's fast, easy, and free. Registration permanently records your serial number, which is useful in the possible recovery of the bike stolen.‎ Equipment Brakes　Make sure that they are in good working order and adjusted properly.‎ Helmet　Make sure your helmet meets current safety standards and fits properly.‎ Lights　Always have a front headlight—visible at least 500 feet in front of the bike. A taillight is a good idea.‎ Rules of the Road Riding on Campus　As a bicycle rider, you have a responsibility to ride only on streets and posted bicycle paths. Riding on sidewalks or other walkways can lead to a fine. The speed limit for bicycles on campus is 15 mph, unless otherwise posted. Always give the right of way to walkers. If you are involved in an accident, you are required to offer appropriate aid, call the Department of Public Safety and 12‎ ‎ remain at the scene until the officer lets you go.‎ Bicycle Parking　Only park in areas reserved for bikes. Trees, handrails, hallways, and sign posts are not for bicycle parking, and parking in such spots can result in a fine.‎ If Things Go Wrong If you break the rules, you will be fined. Besides violating rules while riding bicycles on campus, you could be fined for：‎ No bicycle registration$25‎ Bicycle parking banned$30‎ Blocking the path with the bicycle$40‎ Violation of bicycle equipment requirement$35‎ ‎【语篇解读】　 本文讲述了在校园骑自行车应注意的一些事项。‎ ‎1．Registration of your bicycle may help you ________．‎ A．find your stolen bicycle ‎ B．get your serial number C．receive free repair services D．settle conflicts with walkers 解析：根据Theft Prevention一段中的“...which is useful in the possible recovery of the bike stolen.”可知选A。‎ 答案：A ‎2．According to the passage, what bike equipment is a free choice for bicycle riders?‎ A．Brakes.　　　　　 B．A helmet.‎ C．A headlight. D．A taillight.‎ 解析：根据Equipment 中的Lights一段叙述可知，brakes，helmet以及headlight是自行车的必要配置。‎ 答案：D ‎3．When you ride a bicycle on the campus, ________．‎ A．ride on posted bicycle paths and sidewalks B．cycle at a speed of over 15 mph C．put the walkers' right of way first D．call the police before leaving in case of an accident 解析：根据Riding On Campus中“Always give the right of way to walkers.”可知答案。‎ 12‎ 答案：C ‎4．If you lock your bicycle to a tree on the campus, you could be fined ________．‎ A．$25 B．$30‎ C．$35 D．$40‎ 解析：根据Bicycle Parking一段及“Bicycle parking banned$30”可知答案。‎ 答案：B ‎5．What is the passage mainly about?‎ A．A guide for safe bicycling on the campus.‎ B．Directions for bicycle tour on the campus.‎ C．Regulations of bicycle race on the campus.‎ D．Rules for riding motor vehicles on the campus.‎ 解析：通读全文可知本文讲述了在校园内骑自行车应注意的一些事项。故选A。‎ 答案：A Passage 4‎ If you are afraid of the dark，it's not a big deal.It's perfectly normal to feel afraid. After all，animals do, too. “Fear matters，”says Karen Warkentin，an ecologist.“It's a good thing，” she adds, “because fear makes you do things that keep you alive.”‎ Like kids，many animals experience fear and they respond to the feeling in variety of ways.A frightened turtle pulls its head and legs inside its shell.A small fish will swim away when a big，hungry fish approaches.‎ Some animals respond to fear in ways you might not expect.The first example is that the fear of being eaten can scare some frogs right out of their eggs. Warkentin made the surprising discovery while studying red－eyed tree frogs in Costa Rica.‎ In this species，female frogs attach jellylike clumps(果冻一样的块状物)of their eggs to the undersides of leaves.The leaves hang on branches that dangle(悬挂)over ponds.After they hatch from the eggs，the tadpoles(蝌蚪)then fall into the water，where they eventually grow into adult frogs.‎ Tree frog eggs usually grow for 6 days before hatching.If they sense that a hungry snake is about to attack，however，they can hatch up to 2 days ahead of the schedule. As the snakes are unable to swim，by falling into the water early，the tadpoles can escape.‎ If hatching early helps protect red－eyed tree frogs from snakes，you might ‎ 12‎ wonder why their eggs don't always hatch sooner.It turns out that hatching early brings its own danger.Once tadpoles land in the water，hungry fish and other animals like to eat them, too.Staying in their eggs for full 6 days，then，allows frog embryos(胚胎)to grow big and strong.This extra growth improves their chances of surviving in the water.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　恐惧是人类和动物常见的一种现象，恐惧是一件好事。动物对于恐惧的反应是不同的，有些反应方式甚至超乎你的想象。‎ ‎1．It can be inferred from the passage that fears________．‎ A．help animals grow bigger and stronger B．are less common among young animals C．help animals move a lot to fit the environment D．are more or less important in order for animals to survive 解析：根据第一段“...because fear makes you do things that keep you alive.”可知D项正确。‎ 答案：D ‎2．We are told in the passage that tree frogs________．‎ A．face danger both inside their eggs and in the water B．will grow fast if they fall into the water later C．are surprisingly clever when inside their eggs D．stay in their eggs longer if they are frightened 解析：根据第五段的“If they sense that a hungry snake is about to attack，however，they can hatch up to 2 days ahead of the schedule.”和第六段的“Once tadpoles land in the water，hungry fish and other animals like to eat them, too.”可知，它们在孵化期间害怕蛇的攻击，在水里害怕其他动物把蝌蚪吃掉。故选A项。‎ 答案：A ‎3．Why do the tadpoles hatch up to 2 days ahead of the schedule？Because________．‎ A．they like falling into the water early B．they want to grow into adult frogs C．they sense a hungry snake is about to attack D．frog embryos can grow strong 解析：根据第五段“If they sense that a hungry snake is about to attack，however，they can hatch up to 2 days ahead of the schedule.As the snakes are unable to swim，by falling into the water early，the tadpoles can escape.”可知，‎ 12‎ 因为对它们有威胁的蛇不会游泳，所以提前孵化出来，掉到水里，蝌蚪就能够逃脱蛇的攻击了。故选C项。‎ 答案：C ‎4．What is the best title of the passage?‎ A．What is fear B．Why do we feel afraid C．You feel afraid，and animals do, too D．Fear is a good thing 解析：根据第一段“Fear matters...”和“It's a good thing”，可知，害怕是一件好事。故选D项。‎ 答案：D ‎5．What do you think would be discussed in the following paragraph?‎ A．Further explanations as to why tree frogs hatch ahead of the schedule.‎ B．How the unborn frogs know when a snake is about to attack them.‎ C．Another example of animals that respond to fear in an unexpected way.‎ D．How tree frogs improve their chances of survival before falling into the water.‎ 解析：根据第三段“Some animals respond to fear in ways you might not expect.The first example is that the fear of being eaten can scare some frogs right out of their eggs.”可知，既然这是举例，有了第一个例子，那么它的后面肯定还有例子。故选C项。‎ 答案：C Passage 5‎ That the Leaning Tower of Pisa no longer leans quite so much after a ￡20 million project to save it has proved to be a great success. The tower, which was on the edge of collapse, has been straightened by 18 inches, returning it to its 1838 position.‎ ‎“It has straightened a little bit more than we expected, but very little helps，”said Prof.John Burland, the only British member of the rescue committee.“The tower is still very slightly moving towards being upright.”‎ The tower, which has been leaning almost since building work first began in 1173, was closed to the public in 1990 because of safety fears.The 183－foot tower was nearly 15 feet off vertical and its structure was found to have been weakened by centuries of strain(作用力)．‎ Prof.Burland said it could have collapsed “at any moment”．However, it took 12‎ ‎ nine years of quarrelling before any work was done.The last attempt at straightening the tower was carried out.Concrete(混凝土) was poured into the foundations, but the result was that the tower sank further into the soil.‎ The straightening work involved digging out around 70 tonnes of earth from the northern side of the tower, causing it to sink on that side.Before the digging started, the tower was fixed with steel ropes and 600 tonnes of lead weights.‎ However, halfway through the project, concerns at the ugliness of the lead weights led to their removal and the tower leaned greatly.The weights were hurriedly reattached. One night, the tower moved more than it had averaged in an entire year.The tower's stonework has also been restored.‎ The Italian government stepped in after a tower collapsed in Pavia in 1989, killing four people.Experts suddenly realized that the tower at Pisa, which was similarly built and on the same sort of earth, could do the same.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文主要讲述了比萨斜塔的倾斜历史及政府为此做出的努力。‎ ‎1．What would be the best title for the passage?‎ A．The building of the Leaning Tower of Pisa B．Saving the Leaning Tower of Pisa C．The collapse of the Leaning Tower of Pisa D．The history of the Leaning Tower of Pisa 解析：文章第一段就提到“...has proved to be a great success.”，并且下文也是围绕拯救比萨斜塔进行阐述的。‎ 答案：B ‎2．According to the passage, the Leaning Tower of Pisa ________．‎ A．closed for the straightening work in 1990‎ B．began to lean more than 800 years ago C．has a history of more than 1，000 years D．has become vertical 解析：第三段第一句提到比萨斜塔自1173年建立(至今已有800多年的历史)时就开始倾斜。‎ 答案：B ‎3．What drove the Italian government to save the Leaning Tower of Pisa?‎ A．The development of new technology.‎ B．The advice of Prof.John Burland.‎ C．The expectation of the rescue committee.‎ 12‎ D．The collapse of a tower in Pavia.‎ 解析：文章最后一段提到“The Italian government stepped in after a tower collapsed in Pavia in 1989...”，说明正是另一个地方的塔的倒塌才使政府意识到拯救比萨斜塔的迫切性，故答案为D。‎ 答案：D ‎4．What most probably played the most important part in straightening the tower?‎ A．The lead weights fixed to the tower.‎ B．Restoring the stonework.‎ C．Pouring concrete into the foundations.‎ D．Digging earth from the southern side of the tower.‎ 解析：文章第六段提到把lead weights移走后，导致塔又有很大的倾斜，这正说明lead weights所起的作用。‎ 答案：A ‎5．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?‎ A．The position of the tower has been restored to what it was 172 years ago.‎ B．Hundreds of years of strain has weakened the tower's structure.‎ C．The tower doesn't lean any more after the straightening work finished.‎ D．People spent nine years in discussing about the straightening work.‎ 解析：从第一段第一句“...no longer leans quite so much...”可知C项与文章内容不符。从第一段最后一句“塔被扶正18英寸后，恢复到了它1838年时的位置”，即172年前的样子，可推知A项符合文章内容；从第三段最后一句可知B项符合文章内容；从第四段第二句可知D项符合文章内容。‎ 答案：C 12‎