2020版高考英语一轮基础习选题 Unit 1 Cultural relics（含解析）新人教版必修2 9页

Cultural relics 李仕才 一、阅读理解 Some pigs tend to be optimistic while others are pessimistic，according to a new research that is meaningful to animal welfare.The study，published in the journal Biology Letters，is the first to show that mood and personality interact in an animal，influencing judgment.‎ Asher，a researcher at the University of Newcastle's Institute of Neuroscience，and her team housed groups of pigs in two types of environment.One reflected standard commercial conditions and the other was cushier with more space and plenty of soft，deep straw.After the pigs got accustomed to these new homes over a few weeks，the researchers picked 18 pigs from each type to train and test their judgment.‎ ‎“To do this，we trained each pig.In one corner of a training room there would be a bowl with chocolate sweets—pigs love them—and at the opposite side of the room there would be a bowl containing coffee beans，which pigs find bittertasting，”a researcher said.‎ Over a number of training trials，pigs learned to go to the bowl reliably when it was in the corner where they had figured out to expect chocolate sweets.On the contrary，they quickly learned to avoid the bowl when it was in the corner where they would expect to find the coffee beans.‎ The researchers next placed an unfamiliar bowl in different locations，to see how the pigs would react.Some gaily dashed to the bowl no matter what was inside，showing optimism that it would contain their favorite sweets.Others，however，behaved as though they expected it to contain coffee beans，displaying pessimism.‎ The findings suggest that a onesizefitsall answer to animal welfare issues does not exist.Even if pigs are just equal to bacon or other meat for some people，there is still cause for concern.Studies have suggested that how an animal is treated during its lifetime can directly affect meat quality and taste.‎ ‎1．What was the study trying to figure out?‎ A．How to make pigs happier.‎ B．The similarities between humans and pigs.‎ C．How living environment affected pigs' mood.‎ D．How pigs' mood and personality affected their judgment.‎ 9‎ ‎2．What does the underlined word “cushier”in Paragraph 2 mean?‎ A．Simple. B．More comfortable.‎ C．Unpractical. D．Less free.‎ ‎3．Which bowl can test whether a pig is optimistic or pessimistic?‎ A．The bowl with chocolate sweets.‎ B．The bowl containing coffee beans.‎ C．The bowl full of both sweets and beans.‎ D．The bowl unfamiliar to two types of pigs.‎ ‎4．What do the findings of the new research imply?‎ A．People should treat pigs equally.‎ B．People's health relies on meat quality.‎ C．People should meet pigs' various needs.‎ D．People's attitude toward pigs is totally wrong.‎ ‎【解题导语】本文是一篇研究报告，讲述情绪和性格在动物中的相互作用。‎ ‎【段意梳理】第一段：概述情绪和性格在动物中的相互作用，这些相互作用会影响它们的判断。‎ 第二至五段：研究者Asher和她的研究团队把猪分成两组进行实验的过程。‎ 第六段：根据实验结果，研究人员进行分析和总结。‎ ‎1．D　考查细节理解。根据文章第一段第二句“The study，published in the journal Biology Letters，is the first to show that mood and personality interact in an animal, influencing judgment”可知，选项D的概括符合题意。所以选项D正确。‎ ‎2．B　考查词义猜测。根据画线词后的“more space and plenty of soft, deep straw”可知，另一个环境很舒适。所以选项B正确。‎ ‎3．D　考查细节理解。根据第五段第一句“The researchers next placed an unfamiliar bowl in different locations, to see how the pigs would react”以及该段后两句的对比描述可知，D选项与第五段内容一致。所以选项D正确。‎ ‎4．C　考查推理判断。根据最后一段尤其是最后一句可推知，要想获得高质量和口感好的猪肉，人们应当满足猪的多种需要。所以选项C正确。‎ 二、单句语法填空 ‎1．(2017·北京高考)The little problems ________ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.‎ 答案：that　分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是the little problems，且从句中缺少宾语，故用that。‎ 9‎ ‎2．(2017·天津高考)My eldest son, ________ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.‎ 答案：whose　分析句子结构可知，此处缺少非限制性定语从句的引导词，且与其后名词存在所属关系，故应用whose。‎ ‎3．Mr Reed ________ (select) to represent us in the meeting has been sent to have a talk with them.‎ 答案：selected　由句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语。select与其所修饰的Mr Reed之间为逻辑上的被动关系，因此填selected。‎ ‎4．It was clearly ________(evidence) that the company was in great difficulties.‎ 答案：evident　It is/was evident that ... 是常用句型，意为“很明显……”。‎ ‎5．Perhaps the most difficult challenge is how ________(survive) without friends in life.‎ 答案：to survive　“疑问词＋动词不定式”在本句中作表语，how to survive “怎么生存”。‎ ‎6．I don't really fancy ________ (do) business with him.‎ 答案：doing　fancy doing ... “想要做……”。‎ ‎7．He was severely criticized and ________ (remove) from his post.‎ 答案：removed　remove sb. from his post “开除某人”，此处是被动语态，因此填removed。‎ ‎8．It is said that the early European playing cards ________ (design) for entertainment and education.‎ 答案：were designed　be designed for “为……而设计”。‎ ‎9．We ________(face) the difficulty together, but why didn't you tell me?‎ 答案：could have faced　由后一分句可知，前一分句谓语应用could have done结构，表示“过去我们本来可以共同面对困难”。‎ ‎10．All the workers ________(belong) to the factory must obey the rule.‎ 答案：belonging　由句子结构可知，此处应填belong的非谓语动词形式，workers与belong to之间为逻辑上的主谓关系。故用现在分词belonging to作后置定语。belong to无被动语态。‎ 三、完形填空 ‎“Guys, get out of the mud! How many times do I have to tell you? ”I 　 1　 the words angrily. I felt myself recreating the 　 2　 words my parents had said to 9‎ ‎ me so many times in the past, and I felt powerless to change my kids’ actions. A(n) 　 3　 thought came to me, one that comes to most 　 4　 at some point: “Am I becoming my father?”‎ We were on a short vacation, and my daughter and son were playing in the mud, splashing(溅)it with their boots, and 　 5　 the feeling. You know, one of those feelings that we adults are far too 　 6　 to enjoy anymore. It was the third and last day of our trip, and I’d been with the kids on a solo mission to northern Minnesota. My wife had stayed home to enjoy some 　 7　 time to rest. Taking care of kids alone was 　 8　 no easy task. And while we’d 　 9　 some great time on the trip, it didn’t feel too great at the moment. I was ‎ ‎　 10　 with something many fathers did with: a sense of 　 11　 with my kids, and a feeling I should control their 　 12　 . ‎ My son turned around to me and said, “Dad, relax! It’s OK!”I 　 13　 back at him, realizing he was right.‎ ‎　 14　 , the mud could be washed off. No lives were in 　 15　 . The only 　 16　 here was my desire to control them. ‎ I wanted to thank him for his 　 17　 . It’s useful to remember that our kids are not to be controlled. They should be guided and led, but not controlled. This desire to control can lead many fathers to an emotional ‎　 18　 with their kids. And while many fathers are clearly 　 19　 of this problem, they convince themselves that it can’ t be helped. ‎ The truth is that it can be helped, and fathers can 　 20　 the relationship they have with their kids. ‎ 语篇解读：作者无意中因为一件小事对孩子发脾气，事后作者开始反思自己对孩子教育的方式，最后意识到对孩子的教育不是控制而是需要引导。‎ ‎1.A. picked out B. figured out C. spilled out D. complained about ‎【答案】C 9‎ ‎【解析】从下文中的angrily可知，此处指作者恼怒地脱口而出。spill out在这里表示突然说出，脱口而出。‎ ‎2.A. valuable B. powerful C. unforgettable D. same ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】由空前的recreating和空后的my parents had said to me so many times in the past可知，此处表示作者发现自己在重复过去父母对自己说过的相同的(same)话。‎ ‎3.A. alarming B. inspiring C. amusing D. interesting ‎【答案】A ‎4.A. educators B. travelers C. fathers D. drivers ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】由下文中多次出现的father和fathers可知，此处应填fathers。‎ ‎5.A. expressing B. enjoying C. exploring D. describing ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】根据上下文语境可知，此处表示孩子们享受(enjoying)这种感觉。‎ ‎6.A. familiar B. skilled C. mature D. corrupted ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】此处表示大人由于过于成熟，没有了童心，因此享受不到这种快乐。‎ ‎7.A. relaxed B. precious C. meaningful D. remaining ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】根据上下文语境可知，作者一个人带着两个孩子，妻子在家享受休息时光，故这里用relaxed最合适。‎ ‎8.A. absolutely B. similarly C. additionally D. gradually ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】一个人带孩子绝对不是件容易的事。从下文的didn’t feel too great可知，‎ 9‎ 空处用来加强语气，故选absolutely。‎ ‎9.A. suffered B. experienced C. encountered D. counted ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】尽管我们已经经历了(experienced)一些美好的时光，但此时此刻作者感觉并不美好。‎ ‎10.A. agreeing B. combining C. comparing D. struggling ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】这里表示作者正如许多父亲一样在努力应付一件事情。struggle在此处表示作出极大的努力。‎ ‎11.A. impatience B. embarrassment C. satisfaction D. expression ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】对应上文中的angrily及作者对孩子说的话，此处表示作者对孩子缺乏耐心(impatience)。‎ ‎12.A. behavior B. direction C. routine D. emotion ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】作者觉得自己应该控制孩子们的行为(behavior)，即约束孩子们不要在泥中玩耍。‎ ‎13.A. shouted B. glared C. dashed D. looked ‎【答案】D ‎14.A. However B. Indeed C. Therefore D. Otherwise ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】根据上下文语境，此处表示作者意识到泥的确(Indeed)可以被洗掉，且在泥中玩耍并没有生命危险。‎ ‎15.A. vain B. doubt C. danger D. shape 9‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】参见上题解析。in danger意为处于危险之中。‎ ‎16.A. chance B. problem C. method D. choice ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】此处表示孩子们的行为没有问题，唯一的问题(problem)是作者想要控制孩子们的行为的这种欲望。‎ ‎17.A. confidence B. response C. education D. concern ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】是孩子的回答(response)提醒了自己，因此作者很感激孩子。‎ ‎18.A. association B. argument C. communication D. disconnection ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】控制孩子的欲望会导致父亲与孩子之间的疏远。disconnection分离，疏远。‎ ‎19.A. afraid B. ashamed C. aware D. careful ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】尽管许多父亲清楚地意识到(aware)这一点，但他们却说服自己这是没办法的。‎ ‎20.A. build B. destroy C. change D. protect ‎【答案】C 四、单句改错 ‎1．The boy's behavior was high thought of by all the people present.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案：high→highly　think highly of ... “高度评价……”。‎ ‎2．What can we do for them in return all the help they have given us?‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案：return后加for　in return for ... “作为对……的回报”。‎ ‎3．It is very worth making an effort to promote the public awareness of environmental protection.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案：very→well　be well worth doing ... “非常值得做……”。‎ 9‎ ‎4．The rescue workers removed the stones in search for any survivor.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案：for→of　in search of ... “寻找……”。‎ ‎5．There is no doubt what a cleaner does is harder compared with any other job in the society.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案：doubt后加that　There is no doubt that ... “毫无疑问……”。‎ 五、七选五 Traditional Chinese Culture Chinese culture is over 5，000 years old. 1.___________ ‎ The spirit of the tea ceremony Xihu Longjing （West Lake Dragon Well） and Yunnan Pu’er have long been world famous. 2.___________ The spirit of the Chinese tea ceremony captures the Chinese attitude towards life and spirituality. These are the things that people all over the world can benefit from.‎ A handful of good tea leaves with some boiling water and a set of lovely tea ware are the perfect way to spend a sunny afternoon and gain some insights into the wisdom of that ancient civilization.‎ ‎3.___________ ‎ During the 5，000 years of Chinese civilization， many different flavors， styles， and cuisines（烹饪） have developed， based on traditional philosophy and culture. This ancient food culture has had a direct impact on the countries such as Japan， Mongolia， South Korea， Thailand， and Singapore. It has benefited billions of people around the world through innovations such as Chinese vegetarian culture， tea culture， vinegar， pasta， medicinal diets， ceramic tableware， and the use of soybeans in the diet.‎ Confucianism Confucianism emphasizes peacefulness and harmony between heaven and humanity， through pursuing the “Tao”， which is the harmonization between nature and mankind. It advocates harmony and moderation， including the harmony between individuals， as well as the harmony between a man and his inner self.‎ Confucianism has flourished during the last 2，500 years of China’s 5，000year history. 4.___________ This school of thought has had the most profound and ‎ 9‎ long lasting influence in China’s history. Seventyfour Nobel Prize winners and many other highly respected scholars have stated that for the benefit of mankind’s livelihood and development into the next century， these teachings should be promoted and adopted worldwide. 5.___________ ‎ A.Chinese cuisine B.Traditional Chinese culture C.It has been the mainstay of that ancient civilization.‎ D.They are pretty popular due to their superior color and flavor.‎ E.The following three items of traditional Chinese culture have had a worldwide impact.‎ F.This wonderfully rich food culture has also had an impact on Europe， America and Oceania.‎ G.This would provide long lasting benefits for man，helping to ensure a peaceful and happy life.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了中国特色传统文化。‎ ‎1.E　解析：承接上文“Chinese culture is over 5，000 years old.”并与下文介绍的三个传统文化的代表呼应，此处起承上启下的作用，导入本文所要介绍的主题：中国富有特色的传统文化。所以选E项。‎ ‎2.D　解析：承接上文“Xihu Longjing （West Lake Dragon Well） and Yunnan Pu’er have long been world famous.”，空处解释了茶文化流行的原因，所以选D项。‎ ‎3.A　解析：空处是本段的小标题，由下文的“During the 5，000 years of Chinese civilization， many different flavors， styles， and cuisines（烹饪） have developed， based on traditional philosophy and culture.”可推知，本段主要讲的是中国的烹饪文化，所以选A项。‎ ‎4.C　解析：根据上文的“Confucianism has flourished during the last 2，500 years of China’s 5，000year history.”可推知，空处讲的是儒家思想在中国的重要地位，故选C项。‎ ‎5.G　解析：根据上文的“Seventyfour Nobel Prize winners and many other highly respected scholars have stated that for the benefit of mankind’s livelihood and development into the next century”可知，儒家思想会给人类带来福祉，所以选G项。‎ 9‎