2020版高考英语 Unit 14 Careers夯练（含解析）北师大版必修5 7页

Unit 14 Careers 李仕才 一、阅读理解。‎ For many people，being on the job might just sound like a picnic compared to a day at home filled with housework，meals and childcare.Even for those with a happy family life，home can sometimes feel more taxing than work.‎ In a new study，researchers at Penn State University found significantly and consistently lower levels of cortisol(皮质醇) released in response to stress，in a majority of subjects when they were at work compared to when they were at home.This was true for both men and women，and parents and people without children.‎ Both men and women showed less stress at work.But women were more likely to report feeling happier there.Men were more likely to feel happier at home.Experts say there are other reasons why work is less stressful than home for many.“Paid work is more valued in society，” says Sarah Damaske, the lead researcher on the study.“Household work is boring and not particularly rewarding.”‎ We get better at our job with time and the increased competence means less stress and more rewards，Yet none of us，no matter how long we've been doing it，ever truly feels like an expert at parenting or even at marriage.‎ The support and friendship of coworkers also offer stress relief.At home，meanwhile，stress spreads and accumulates quickly.“That's the reason why most housewives wish they were the bread earners，” Dr.Damaske says.‎ Much of the advice to families and couples includes the warning to leave work stress at the office and even to change our mindset from work to home，for example，a walk around the block.The recent findings，though，suggest our home life，not our attitude，might be due for some change.‎ ‎1．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “taxing”？‎ A．stressful　　　　　　　B．cheerful C．worthwhile D．rewarding ‎2．What did the research in the second paragraph prove?‎ A．Men felt better at home.‎ B．Women felt they had less time.‎ C．Women were easier to feel happier.‎ D．Most people felt more stress at home.‎ ‎3．What do most people think of work at the office?‎ 7‎ A．It is competitive.‎ B．It improves ability.‎ C．It can't relieve stress.‎ D．It doesn't always pay off.‎ ‎4．According to the recent findings，what should we change to solve the problem mentioned?‎ A．Our attitude. D．Our mindset.‎ C．Our home life. D．Our working style.‎ ‎【解题导语】本文主要介绍了一项研究，该研究表明越来越多的人认为上班比在家做家务、做饭和带孩子更轻松一些。‎ ‎【难句分析】In a new study，researchers at Penn State University found significantly and consistently lower levels of cortisol (皮质醇)released in response to stress, in a majority of subjects when they were at work compared to when they were at home.‎ 分析：这是一个复合句。第一个when引导时间状语从句。第二个when引导宾语从句，做to后边的宾语。‎ 译文：在一项新的研究中，宾夕法尼亚州立大学的研究人员发现，比起在家里，大多数人在工作的时候，面对压力，他们的皮质醇水平显著且连续地降低。‎ ‎1．A　考查词义猜测。本题可利用句意推断法及语境分析法解题。根据第一段第一句“For many people，being on the job might just sound like a picnic compared to a day at home filled with housework，meals and childcare”可知，很多人认为与在家做家务、做饭和带孩子相比，工作像野餐一样。言外之意，上班比在家轻松，在家比上班更有压力。故选A。cheerful“快乐的，令人愉快的”；worthwhile“值得做的”；rewarding“值得做的，有意义的”。‎ ‎2．D　考查细节理解。本题可利用分析长难句法解题。根据第二段内容可知，研究发现：比起在家里，大多数人在工作的时候，面对压力，他们的皮质醇水平显著且连续地降低，这项研究证明大多数人感觉在家更有压力。故选D。‎ ‎3．B　考查细节理解。根据第四段的第一句“We get better at our job with time and the increased competence...rewards”可知，随着时间的推移，大多数的人在工作中能提高能力。故选B。‎ ‎4．C　考查细节理解。根据最后一段的最后一句“The recent findings，though，suggest our home life，not our attitude，might be due for some change”可知，我们的家庭生活得以改变才能解决问题。故选C。‎ 7‎ 二、阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎(2017·日照5月检测)TOEFL, short for Test of English as a Foreign Language, is a standardized test of English.The TOEFL test is an important step of your journey 61.____________(study) in an Englishspeaking country.‎ The TOEFL test 62.____________(measure) your ability to use and understand at the university level.And it evaluates 63.____________ well you combine your listening, reading, speaking and writing 64.____________ (skill) to perform academic tasks.‎ More than 30 million people from all over the world have taken the TOEFL test to show 65.____________Englishlanguage competence.The TOEFL test has 66.____________ (many) test dates and locations than any other Englishlanguage test in the world.You can retake the test many times as you wish, 67.____________ you cannot take it more than once in a 12day period.‎ The TOEFL test is the most 68.____________(wide) respected Englishlanguage test in the world, 69.____________(organize) by more than 9，000 colleges, universities and agencies in more than 130 countries, 70.____________(include) Australia，Canada, the U．K.and the United States.Wherever you want to study, the TOEFL test can help you get there.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，向读者介绍了托福考试的一些相关内容，包括考查项目、参加次数以及托福考试的影响和作用等。‎ ‎61．to study　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空格处应用动词不定式表示目的。故填to study。‎ ‎62．measures　解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本文用的是一般现在时，“The TOEFL test”是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故填measures。‎ ‎63．how　解析：考查副词。句意为：它评价你把你的听、说、读、写能力结合起来的程度。how well指程度如何。故填how。‎ ‎64．skills　解析：考查名词复数。听、说、读、写是四种能力，所以要用名词skill的复数形式skills。‎ ‎65．their　解析：考查物主代词。句意为：超过3 000万来自世界各地的人参加托福考试来展示他们的英语语言能力。空格处修饰名词“Englishlanguage competence”，指前面提到的“30 million people”的能力，应用形容词性物主代词。故填 their。‎ ‎66．more　解析：考查形容词的比较级。由空格后的“than”可知，此处应用many的比较级形式。故填more 。‎ ‎67．but　解析：考查连词。前一句说只要你愿意，你可以多次重复参加托福考试，‎ 7‎ 后一句说你不能在12天的时间内连续报考。前后两句话在意思上是转折关系。故填but。‎ ‎68．widely　解析：考查词性转换。此处应用副词修饰动词“respected”，故填所给词的副词形式widely。‎ ‎69．organized　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空格处应用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语“The TOEFL test”和动词organize构成被动关系，所以要用过去分词形式。故填organized。‎ ‎70．including　解析：考查词性转换。此处指包括澳大利亚、加拿大、英国和美国。应用所给词的介词形式including，意为“包含，包括”。‎ 三、短文改错 ‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ ‎(2017·石家庄高三质检)I’ve learnt from the notice that you’re looking for an English editor for us school paper.I’m written this letter to apply for the position.‎ I’m Li Hua, Senior Three student in our school.In my view, I met your requirements.For one thing, I’m willing to devote some of my spare time to serve others.For another, I’m good at both English or Fine Arts.I’m either skilled in using computers.I would be glad if you could offer to me an opportunity for an interview.‎ I’m looking forward to your kindly reply at your earliest convenient.‎ 答案：‎ I’ve learnt from the notice that you’re looking for an English editor for school paper.I’m this letter to apply for the position.‎ I’m Li Hua， Senior Three student in our school.In my view, I your requirements.For one thing, I’m willing to devote some of my spare time to others.For another, I’m good at both English Fine Arts.I’m skilled in using 7‎ ‎ computers.I would be glad if you could offer me an opportunity for an interview.‎ I’m looking forward to your reply at your earliest .‎ 四、七选五 根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Johannes Gutenberg was chosen to be the most important figure of the past millennium(千年)by the media. You may not be familiar with him. 　1　Gutenberg is praised for having invented the printing press and therefore preparing the way for printing books. ‎ He was born into a wealthy family in the city of Mainz, Germany. In 1428, he moved to Strasbourg and lived there for almost 20 years. 　2　 ‎ Gutenberg used his skills in metalwork for the mass production of books. 　3　That means that each copy of the Catholic Bible and all of its 73 books were painstakingly handwritten by penmen. Gutenberg fashioned a font(字体)of over 300 characters, far larger than the fonts of today. To make this possible, he invented the variable-width mold(模具)and perfected the mixture of materials used by type factories up to the present century. ‎ ‎　4　Between 1450 and 1455, while preparing to produce a large Latin Bible, Gutenberg is thought to have printed a number of smaller books, a calendar, and so on. The Bible of 42 Lines, the oldest surviving printed book in the Western world, was completed by August 15, 1456. ‎ The invention of the modern printing press changed the way information was delivered. 　5　 ‎ Even today in the computer age, we rely heavily on the printed word or text for instruction, information, and for the pleasure of reading literature. ‎ A. Gutenberg made the world a much richer place. ‎ B. But he has certainly influenced your life in some ways. ‎ C. Gutenberg’s idea was one of the greatest of all mankind. ‎ D. By 1450, Gutenberg was back in Mainz working on a printing press. ‎ 7‎ E. This invention was also responsible for educating the masses worldwide. ‎ F. Before the spread of Gutenberg’s idea, literature was primarily handwritten. ‎ G. It was in Strasbourg that he probably made his first experiment with moveable type. ‎ ‎【文章大意】印刷机的发明人约翰内斯·古登堡被媒体选为过去一千年里最重要的人物。‎ ‎1. 【解析】选B。考查对上下文语境的理解。空前句意: 你可能并不熟悉他。空后句意: Gutenberg因为发明了印刷机而得到赞扬。可知这里选B项: 但是他确实在一些方面影响了你的生活。符合上下文。故选B。‎ ‎2. 【解析】选G。考查对上下文语境的理解。空前句意: 1428年, 他搬去Strasbourg, 在那里他住了将近20年。可知这里选G项: 正是在Strasbourg, 他可能用活字印刷做了他的第一次实验。符合句意。故选G。‎ ‎3. 【解析】选F。考查对上下文语境的理解。空前句意: Gutenberg为书籍的大量生产使用他对金属制品的技能。空后句意: 那就意味着每本天主教圣经以及所有的73本书全部都是抄录员精心手写的。可知这里选F项: 在Gutenberg的方法传播之前, 文学著作主要都是手写的。符合上下文。故选F。‎ ‎4. 【解析】选D。考查对上下文语境的理解。空后句意: 在1450到1455年之间, 准备出版一本大的拉丁圣经时, Gutenberg被认为已经印刷了很多更小的书, 一本日历等。可知这里选D项: 到1450年为止, Gutenberg回到Mainz致力于印刷机的工作。符合句意。故选D。‎ ‎5. 【解析】选E。考查对上下文语境的理解。空前句意: 现代印刷机的发明改变了信息的传递方式。可知这里选E项: 这项发明也对全世界的大众教育起到积极作用。符合上下文。故选E。‎ 无、书面表达 ‎ ‎(2017·昆明质检)假定你是李华，‎2月8日到英国旅游，在伦敦希思罗机场(London Heathrow Airport)出口处拾到一个手提箱，你把它交给机场工作人员，他们非常感谢你，同时请你写一份情况说明。要点如下：‎ ‎1．拾到者简明信息；2.事情经过；3.物品描述(样式、颜色、大小等)。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎3．开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。‎ I’m Li Hua，________________________________________________________________________‎ 7‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ Li Hua One possible version：‎ I’m__Li__Hua,__a high school student from China.I’m here in Britain for my holidays.At around 8：30, on the morning of February 8th, I found a lost suitcase near the exit of London Heathrow Airport.I waited there for some time, but nobody came for it.‎ I handed it in to the information center.It is a black suitcase of rectangle shape.Its size is just as big as a school bag.When picked, the suitcase was half open and there were some documents and a camera in it.‎ I wish the owner could come back soon and get it！Li__Hua 7‎