2020版高考英语一轮复习 第一部分 教材复习 题组提分练32 Unit 2 Robots7 9页

题组提分练32 Unit 2 Robots 限时35分钟　‎ 加黑体小题训练代词指代题和句意理解题 阅读理解A　(2018·银川一中联考)　体裁：说明文　话题：健康　难度：★★☆☆☆‎ Your chair is your enemy.(引入主题)‎ It doesn't matter if you go running every morning, or you're a regular at the gym. If you spend most of the rest of the day sitting, you are putting yourself at increased chance of heart disease, cancers and an early death. In other words, even if you exercise energetically, sitting for long periods is bad for you. ‎ So what's wrong with sitting? One is that sitting is one of the most passive things you can do. You burn more energy by chewing gum than you do sitting still in a chair. Compared to sitting, standing in one place is hard work. To stand, you have to tense your leg muscles, and the muscles of your back and shoulders. While standing, you often change from leg to leg. All of this burns energy. ‎ For many people, weight gain is a matter of slow increase. Thus, a little more time on your feet today and tomorrow can easily make the difference between remaining thin and getting fat. So part of the problem with sitting a lot is that you don't use as much energy as those who spend more time on their feet. This makes it easier to gain weight, and makes you more likely to suffer from the health problems that fatness often brings.‎ Some people have advanced solutions: replace your sitdown desk with a standup desk. Make sure that your television can only operate if you are practising on an exercise bike. Replace your office chair with a therapy (治疗) ball: this too uses more muscles, and more energy, than a normal chair, because you have to support your back and work to keep balanced. But whatever you choose, know this. It is clear: be careful of your chair.(再次强调主题)‎ ‎【语篇解读】　即使你每天跑步经常锻炼，久坐也会让你体重逐渐增加，同时增加患心脏病的风险。记住：你的椅子对身体无益，少坐一会吧。‎ ‎1．The main purpose of writing this passage is to ________.‎ A. suggest sitting less B. advise exercising often C. avoid gaining weight D. escape standing more 9‎ 答案与解析　A　写作意图题。文章说明久坐的害处和解决久坐问题的办法，目的就是建议人们少坐。故选项A正确。‎ ‎2．From this passage, we know that ________.‎ A. standing burns nearly as much energy as sitting still does B. taking exercise regularly but sitting more will do good C. less exercise will reduce the chance of having disease D. energyburning activities will help you enjoy good health 答案与解析　D　推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知经常锻炼，但是久坐对身体不好，久坐会增加患心脏病的风险，故选项B、C错误；第三段说明站立消耗热量，但没有说明站立消耗的热量和坐着不动消耗的热量相同，故选项A错误。故D项“消耗能量的活动有益健康”正确。‎ ‎3．The underlined word “This” in Paragraph 4 refers to ________.‎ A. gaining weight B. burning energy C. sitting too much D. standing more ‎ 答案与解析　C　代词指代题。 第四段第三句说明久坐的人比站立时间长的人耗费的能量少。画线词所在句说明这更容易造成肥胖，故This 指代Sitting too much。故选项C正确。‎ ‎4．A therapy ball is mentioned in the last paragraph to ________. ‎ A. tell us to walk while working in the office B. suggest a way to settle the sitting problem C. support our back and keep us balanced D. provide a better cure for our backache 答案与解析　B　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句可知，治疗球是一种解决办法，故选项B正确。‎ 词汇微存　①regular n．常客； ②advance vt.提出 阅读技巧15　就近原则猜代词——代词指代题 指代词汇的猜测(如阅读第3小题)即找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词所指代的内容。代词所指代的内容多在这一句的前面一句中，或前几句中。解题时注意：①返回原文，找出出题的指代词；②向上搜索，找最近的名词、名词性短语或句子(先从最近点开始找，找不到再找次近的，一般答案不会离得太远)；③将找到的词、词组或句子的意思代入替换该指代词，看其意思是否通顺。④将找到的词、词组或句子与四个选项进行比较，找出最佳答案。‎ 9‎ 常见代词有：it可指代单数名词或整个句子；they或them指代复数名词；one指代单数可数名词；that指代特指的不可数名词或单数可数名词或句子；this指代单数名词或句子；these或those指代前面的复数名词。‎ 　小题补练　 ‎(2017·全国卷Ⅰ·七选五片段)‎ I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness. __38(A)__ Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.‎ ‎ __39__ We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.‎ ‎...‎ A. This time there was no tent.‎ B. Things are going to be improved.‎ C. The trip they took me on was a rough one.‎ D. I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.‎ E. I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.‎ F. After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.‎ G. There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.‎ 答案与解析　F　解此题可运用代词线索法。一方面，利用代词指代关系，空白处后面的句子里提到的We指代的是选项里面的my family。另一方面，从结构上来说，联系上下文，上文提到的是野营的过程，该空后面提到的具体做法表现出了“我们”对野营的热爱，由此可推知空白处表示野营结束之后的态度。弄清楚代词We的指代，对解答此题非常重要。‎ 阅读理解B　(2018·安阳一模)　体裁：记叙文　话题：学校生活　难度：★★★☆☆‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ The summer before seventh grade our family moved and I said goodbye to everything that was familiar. For my parents it was a good thing because it meant owning a home for the first time. But it meant that I'd have to change schools and that put some butterflies in my_stomach.‎ ‎　　　　　 ‎ On the first day of school, kids jammed the school grounds. That's when I met Barbara. We made a nervous conversation and soon learned we were in the same class.‎ 9‎ ‎ She was funny and we had a lot in common. But she was very critical of others and sometimes of me. She made fun of my bushy hair, my big glasses and the clothes I wore. But it seemed as though the things we had in common were more important than the annoyances.(Barbara虽和作者有许多共同点，有趣但言辞尖刻。be critical of“挑剔”)‎ The girls in the “popular” crowd had also been exposed to her sharp tongue. One day, one of the girls approached me while I gathered my books. “We really like you，” she said, “The only way you can play with us, though, is if you keep your distance from Barbara.”‎ Were those girls only trying to make trouble between the two of us? Would they watch me dump (抛弃) Barbara and then dump me for laughs?‎ From the corner of my eye I found two of the other girls from the group. They were watching me and giggling (咯咯地笑). I wondered if I was cool enough for them. I didn't want to make the choice they were forcing me to make. So I shook my head and said, “I don't think so. I like Barbara and we're good friends.” Then I gathered my books and ran away.‎ Even though Barbara still annoyed me at times, I knew I'd done the right thing. I'd made my own decision about a girl who had befriended me when I badly needed a friend. When she moved the following year I missed her friendship terribly. But what I kept has never left me—my self-respect.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　作者到了一个新的学校并结交了新朋友。在此期间，作者在与其他同学的交往中做出了正确的选择保持了自尊。‎ ‎5．What does the underlined phrase mean?‎ A. Got me to feel more excited.‎ B. Left me in a state of desire.‎ C. Brought me more expectation.‎ D. Made me have a nervous feeling.‎ 答案与解析　D　句意理解题。第一段叙述作者搬家并离开自己熟悉的一切，还要去新学校，故心情应该是紧张的，故选项D正确。 ‎ ‎6．What do we know about Barbara?‎ A. She was a girl with a sharp tongue.‎ B. She was popular with kids at school.‎ C. She offered others help in critical moments.‎ D. She was very critical of her own dress.‎ 9‎ 答案与解析　A　推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“been exposed to her sharp tongue”可知，芭芭拉说话尖刻，故选项A正确。‎ ‎7．What was the writer asked to do by one girl?‎ A. To join the “popular” crowd.‎ B. To end her friendship with Barbara.‎ C. To invite Barbara to hang out with them.‎ D. To pretend to be cool in the “popular” crowd.‎ 答案与解析　B　细节推断题。根据第三段最后一句中的“keep your distance from Barbara”可知，一个女孩要求作者远离芭芭拉即终止与芭芭拉之间的友谊，故B项正确。‎ ‎8．What lesson did the writer learn from her experience?‎ A. Keep far away from the “popular” group.‎ B. Avoid making friends with an annoying person.‎ C. Keep self-respect in making your own decisions.‎ D. Share common interest with your friends.‎ 答案与解析　C　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知作者做出自己的决定保持和芭芭拉之间的友谊并保持了自尊，故选项C正确。‎ 阅读技巧16　意义吻合定句意——句意理解题 句意理解题要求学生通过阅读文章，用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。①返回原文，找到该句，首先理解句子前后的语境，其次对此句在文章中的意思进行合理的推断，最后再归纳总结；②一般说来，正确选项的意思与原句的意思完全相同，只是换了一种表达方式。‎ 阅读理解C　(2018·湖北稳派教育联考)　体裁：说明文　话题：科普知识与现代技术　难度：★★★☆☆‎ Selfdriving cars are so popular that the University‎ of ‎Michigan has even established a town called Mcity to allow car manufacturers to safely test their autonomous cars.‎ While Mcity can be used to simulate (模拟) many reallife road conditions, it cannot help test gestures drivers use to communicate their ‎ intention to other drivers，pedestrians or cyclists. To find a solution, US car manufacturer Ford, with researchers from Virginia Tech, initially considered using text as a way to communicate the car's intention, but decided it would probably not work universally. The option of using symbols was also discarded, because research shows that a majority of people do not have a good understanding of what they 9‎ ‎ mean.(they指代复数名词，利用就近原则可判断出they指代symbols)‎ ‎　Finally, the researchers settled on light signals. A white light warned that there were no humans in the car. A slow blinking one indicated that the car was coming to a stop, while a rapidly flashing light cautioned passersby that the car was about to accelerate.(利用speed up替换accelerate)‎ Then came the big challenge—testing the signals on real roads.“We needed to try out this new lighting to communicate the intention of the vehicle, but if you've got a driver behind the seat, you still have natural communication between humans，” said Andy Shaudt, who led the Virginia Tech research team.“So we needed to make it look like a driverless car.”‎ The team designed a car seat costume (服装) that the driver would wear to cover his/her face and upper body. Of course, the drivers could see very clearly. The researchers then equipped the car with cameras to capture human reactions to a light bar on the windshield (挡风玻璃), which flashed one of the three signals when appropriate. Six drivers, all keeping their hands low on the wheel so as not to be detected, took turns to test driving the car through the busy streets.‎ The overall reaction to the flashing lights was very encouraging. Who knew costumes could be useful for more than Halloween?‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇科普文。目前世界上各大汽车制造厂商竞相开发无人驾驶汽车， 为此Michigan大学还专门建造了无人汽车测试城。测试城能模拟很多真实路面状况，但却无法测试司机向路面人群传递行车意图的姿势。福特公司弥补了这个缺憾，他们在实际路面测试了用灯光信号来表达汽车的行驶意图，收到了良好效果。‎ ‎9．What did the team first consider using as a way to communicate the car's intention?‎ A. Light. B. Language.‎ C. Symbols. D. Sound.‎ 答案与解析　B　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，这个研究小组最初考虑用文本(文字语言)来表达汽车的行车意图。‎ ‎10．The underlined word“they”in the second paragraph refers to ________.‎ A. symbols B. drivers C. researchers D. flashes 答案与解析　A　代词指代题。根据前半句的“The option of using symbols was also discarded”可以判断they在此指的是“符号”。‎ 9‎ ‎11．What does a rapidly flashing light mean?‎ A. The car was coming to a stop.‎ B. There was no driver in the car.‎ C. The car was about to speed up.‎ D. The car was about to slow down.‎ 答案与解析　C　细节理解题。根据第三段“a rapidly flashing light cautioned passers-by that the car was about to accelerate”可知，灯光快速闪烁表明汽车马上要加速行驶了。‎ ‎12．The car seat costume was intended to ________.‎ A. amuse the driver B. attract the pedestrians C. warn the cyclists ‎ D. confuse the people 答案与解析　D　推理判断题。根据第五段对汽车座椅服装和司机开车时双手位置的介绍，结合第四段最后一句话可知，这套汽车座椅服装是用来迷惑人们的，使人们以为这是一辆无人驾驶的汽车。‎ 阅读七选五　(2018·哈三中质检)　体裁：说明文　话题：人际关系　难度：★★☆☆☆‎ 9‎ A. Having a right person means a lot.‎ B. Difficulties are everywhere in your life.‎ 9‎ C. Parents taught you to stop a bad habit.‎ D. Sometimes you just want to hear an encouraging word.‎ E. You need to learn to give help in the right way.‎ F. And you can also remember times when you helped others.‎ G. There are also times when you need the extra help that a professional can provide.‎ 答案与解析　‎ ‎【语篇解读】　如果在生活中遇到压力或困难，和他人分享可能会找到更好的解决办法。‎ ‎1．A　空后一句中的关键词right person暗示选项A正确。‎ ‎2．D　该段说明得到和给予帮助的方法。空后一句提到Other times, 故该空应用sometimes与此呼应，故D项正确。‎ ‎3．C　空前一句说明朋友给自己的帮助，空后一句说明老师给予的帮助，故空处应说明父母给予的帮助，故选项C正确。‎ ‎4．F　空后一句说明帮助遇到困难的同学，故选项F “你会记得你帮助他人的时候”，符合语境。‎ ‎5．G　空后两句提到的是医生和会计所提供的专业的帮助，故选项G中的关键词professional “专业人士”与此呼应。‎ 词汇微存　①consult vt.咨询； ②give a hand to sb.帮助某人 9‎