2020版高考英语大二轮复习专题二十 科普知识类阅读+完形填空+书面表达优选习题 8页

专题二十 人物故事类阅读+科普知识类阅读+完形填空+书面表达 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2018山东聊城一模)‎ Strongest Female Literary Characters of All Time There are some of history’s most inspiring and great females who can be found on the pages of these novels.‎ Elizabeth Bennet Called “Lizzie” or “Eliza” by her family and friends,Elizabeth Bennet is the stubborn and clever heroine from the 1813 Jane Austen’s novel Pride and Prejudice.She’s the second eldest of five daughters in the Bennet family,and like the rest of her sisters,she is expected to marry for status and money,not for love.To remain true to herself,she would rather remain single,a concept that was unheard at that time.‎ Nancy Drew She first appeared in the 1930s but remains one of the most iconic female characters in all of literature.Created by Edward Stratemeyer,Nancy Drew wasn’t simply a pretty girl.Instead,the bold,physically strong,and fiercely intelligent Nancy used her superior intelligence—not her looks—to solve a series of mysteries.‎ Josephine March Jo March is the second eldest daughter in the March family and is a central focus in the novel Little Women,published by Louisa May Alcott in 1868.At 15,she is strong-willed,confident,and literary and unlike her sisters.She is outspoken and uninterested in marriage.Jo both struggles with and challenges society’s 8‎ ‎ expectations of how women in the 19th century should carry themselves,making her one of literature’s most daring female characters.‎ Hester Prynne Recognized by some critics as one of the most important characters in female literature,Hester Prynne is the leading character in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s 1850 novel,The Scarlet Letter.Married but separated by distance from her husband,Hester has an affair with a minister and becomes pregnant.‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文是人物故事类阅读。介绍了四个小说中最鼓舞人心、最伟大的女性。‎ ‎1.Why would Elizabeth Bennet rather remain single?‎ A.She is too stubborn.‎ B.She doesn’t want to cheat herself.‎ C.She doesn’t want to marry for love.‎ D.She was the eldest daughter of the family.‎ 答案B 解析细节推理题。根据Elizabeth Bennet中“To remain true to herself,she would rather remain single,a concept that was unheard at that time.”可知,Elizabeth Bennet不想为金钱和地位结婚,不想欺骗自己,所以保持单身。答案为B项。‎ ‎2.What is Nancy Drew like?‎ ‎　 　　　　　 　　　　　　　　 　　‎ A.Kind. B.Outspoken.‎ C.Clever. D.Proud.‎ 答案C 解析细节推理题。根据Nancy Drew中“the bold,physically strong,and fiercely intelligent Nancy used her superior intelligence—not her looks—to solve a series of mysteries.”可知,Nancy Drew勇敢、强壮和聪明,clever是她的一个重要特征,所以选择C项。‎ ‎3.Who created Josephine March?‎ A.Jane Austen. B.Edward Stratemeyer.‎ C.Louisa May Alcott. D.Nathaniel Hawthorne.‎ 答案C 解析细节推理题。根据Josephine March中“Jo March is the second eldest daughter in the March family and is a central focus in the novel Little Women,published by Louisa May Alcott in 1868.”可知,Josephine March是Louisa May Alcott在1868年出版的小说Little Women中的中心人物。答案为C项。‎ ‎4.What is the right order of the time these females appeared in novels?‎ a.Elizabeth Bennet b.Nancy Drew c.Josephine March d.Hester Prynne A.dcab B.adbc C.cdba D.adcb 8‎ 答案D 解析细节推理题。根据文中“Elizabeth Bennet is the stubborn and clever heroine from the 1813...Prejudice”;“She first appeared in the 1930s...literature” ;“Jo March...is a central focus in the novel Little Women,published by Louisa May Alcott in 1868”;“ Hester Prynne is the leading character in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s 1850 novel”可知,D项是按照人物出现的时间顺序排列的。‎ B ‎(2018河北邯郸质检)‎ To fight for the conservation of forest ecosystem,several ecologists including Daniel Janzen convinced Del Oro,an orange juice producer,to donate part of their forestland to a national park.In return,Del Oro was allowed to throw large amounts of waste in the form of orange peels(皮) on a 3-hectare piece of land within the national park at no cost.Dealing with tons of leftover peels usually involved burning them or paying to have them poured into a landfill,so the proposal was very attractive.‎ But a year later,another juice company challenged the deal in court,arguing that their competitor was “polluting a national park”.They ended up winning,and the deal between Del Oro and the national park fell through.‎ Then in 2013,while discussing possible research avenues with Timothy Treuer,Daniel Janzen mentioned the orange peel story.Feeling interested,Treuer decided to stop by that piece of land that had been covered with fruit waste 15 years earlier.What he found shocked him.‎ ‎“While I would walk over exposed rock and dead grass in the nearby fields,I’d have to climb through undergrowth and cut paths through walls of vines(藤) in the orange peel site itself,”said Timothy Treuer.‎ Treuer and his team spent months picking up samples(样品),analyzing and comparing them.They found great differences between the areas covered with orange peels and those that were not.The area with orange waste had richer soil.‎ The effect that the orange peels had on the land is probably not that surprising to people familiar with composting(施肥),but what is really shocking is that a judge actually thought the waste of orange “ruined” a national park and stopped it from going forward.Now that Timothy Treuer’s study has received worldwide attention,this ‎ 8‎ type of “ruining” is being seriously considered as a way of bringing forests back to life.‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文是科普知识类阅读。主要讲述了橘子皮对土壤的积极作用。‎ ‎5.What did Del Oro usually do with orange peels?‎ A.Add them to fuel. B.Feed them to animals.‎ C.Burn or bury them. D.Make them into cakes.‎ 答案C 解析细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话“Dealing with tons of leftover peels usually involved burning them or paying to have them poured into a landfill...attractive”可知,之前处理橘子皮一般要烧掉或掩埋掉。答案为C项。‎ ‎6.What can we know about the deal between Del Oro and the national park?‎ A.It lasted 15 years. B.It was signed by Treuer.‎ C.It was made in about 1998. D.It was broken by Del Oro.‎ 答案C 解析推理判断题。根据第三段“Then in 2013,while discussing possible research avenues with Timothy Treuer,Daniel Janzen mentioned the orange peel story.Feeling interested,Treuer decided to stop by that piece of land that had been covered with fruit waste 15 years earlier.”可以推出,15年前Del Oro与national park达成协议,由此计算具体应该是在1998年,所以答案为C项。‎ ‎7.What was Treuer’s finding?‎ A.Orange peels contain much fibre.‎ B.Orange peels can make soil richer.‎ C.Orange peels rot away in a short time.‎ D.Orange waste ruined the national park.‎ 答案B 解析细节理解题。根据第五段“They found great differences between the areas covered with orange peels and those that were not.The area with orange waste had richer soil.”可知,他们发现被倾倒过橘子皮的土地更肥沃,所以答案为B项。‎ ‎8.What is the author’s attitude toward the judge mentioned in the last paragraph?‎ A.Disapproving. B.Positive.‎ C.Worried. D.Admirable.‎ 答案A 解析推理判断题。根据最后一段“...but what is really shocking is that a judge actually thought the waste of orange ‘ruined’ a national park and stopped it from going forward.”可知,这位法官认为橘子皮毁坏了公园的发展,而作者在文章最后一句话“this type of ‘ruining’ is being seriously considered as a way of bringing forests back to life.”中指出,研究表明,橘子皮实际上使森林恢复了生机,所以作者不赞成法官的观点。答案为A项。‎ 8‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎(2018陕西西安八校联考)‎ Many years ago in a small Indian village,a farmer had the misfortune of owing a large sum of money to a village moneylender.The moneylender,who was old and ugly,　1　 the farmer’s beautiful daughter.So he proposed a 　2　.He said he would forgive the farmer’s 　3　 if he could marry his daughter. ‎ Both the farmer and his daughter were horrified by the　4　.So the cunning moneylender suggested that he put a 　5　 pebble(鹅卵石)and a white pebble into an empty money bag,　6　 the girl would have to pick one pebble from the bag.　7　 she picked the black pebble,she would become his 　8　 and her father’s debt would be forgiven.If she picked the white pebble she 　9　 marry him and her father’s debt would still be forgiven.If she 　10　 to pick a pebble,her father would be thrown into jail. ‎ They were standing on a pebble-strewn 　11　 in the farmer’s field when the moneylender bent over to 　12　 two pebbles.As he picked them up,the sharp-eyed girl 　13　 that he had picked up two black pebbles and put them into the bag. ‎ The girl put her hand into the moneybag and drew out a 　14　.Without looking at it,she fumbled and let it 　15　 onto the pebble-strewn path where it 　16　 became lost among all the other pebbles. ‎ ‎“Oh,how 　17　 of me!” she said.“But never mind,if you look into the bag for the one that is 　18　,you will be able to tell which pebble I picked.” ‎ The moneylender dared not admit his 　19　.The girl changed what seemed an 　20　 situation into an extremely advantageous one. ‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。不幸的农夫欠了放债者很多钱。放债者想娶农夫漂亮的女儿,于是他想到了一个坏主意:让农夫的女儿挑选袋子中的鹅卵石。如果她挑中黑色的鹅卵石,那么就要嫁给他,当然这样可以免去她父亲的债务;如果她挑中白色的鹅卵石,她可以不嫁给他,但同样免去她父亲的债务。聪明的姑娘机智地战胜了邪恶的放债者。‎ ‎1.A.envied B.married C.fancied D.helped 答案C 解析词义辨析题。A项“嫉妒”;B项“娶,嫁”;C项“想象,设想,喜爱”;D项“帮助”。根据第三段中的“she would become his 　8　...marry him and...”可知,放债者爱慕农夫的女儿,希望娶她为妻。答案为C项。 ‎ ‎2.A.meeting B.change C.bargain D.toast 答案C 解析词义辨析题。A项“会议”;B项“改变”;C项“交易,便宜货”;D项“干杯”。根据句意可知,放债者为了娶到农夫的女儿提出了一个“交易”的办法。答案为C项。‎ ‎3.A.debt B.payment C.fault D.pride 答案A 8‎ 解析词义辨析题。A项“债务”;B项“支付,付款”;C项“错误,瑕疵,毛病”;D项“自豪,骄傲”。根据第二段最后一句中的“would be forgiven”可知,如果农夫的女儿嫁给他,他就会免除农夫的债务。答案为A项。‎ ‎4.A.thought B.advice C.plan D.proposal 答案D 解析词义辨析题。A项“思想”;B项“建议”;C项“计划”;D项“建议,倡议”。根据第一段最后两句可知,那个放债人的建议不怀好意,因此农夫和女儿很害怕。答案为D项。‎ ‎5.A.sharp B.black C.common D.small 答案B 解析行文逻辑题。A项“锋利的,尖锐的,刺耳的,敏锐的”;B项“黑色的”;C项“普通的,共同的”;D项“小的”。根据下文“she picked the black pebble”可知此处应该选择B项。‎ ‎6.A.for B.and C.but D.or 答案B 解析行文逻辑题。放债者的建议是把一个黑色的鹅卵石和一个白色的鹅卵石放进一个空的钱袋里,然后那女孩从袋子里挑一颗石子。此处表示递进关系,所以答案为B项。‎ ‎7.A.Because B.Although C.If D.Since 答案C 解析行文逻辑题。如果她挑选了黑色的鹅卵石,她就成为他的妻子,她父亲的债务可以被免除。答案为C项。‎ ‎8.A.moneylender B.servant C.wife D.daughter 答案C 解析词义辨析题。A项“放债者”;B项“仆人”;C项“妻子”;D项“女儿”。根据第一段“if he could marry his daughter.”可知,放债者希望通过这种方法娶到农夫的女儿,所以答案为C项。‎ ‎9.A.couldn’t B.shouldn’t C.mustn’t D.needn’t 答案D 解析词义辨析题。根据放债者提出的条件可知,如果她选到白色的鹅卵石就不必嫁给他。答案为D项。‎ ‎10.A.pretended B.agreed C.refused D.decided 答案C 解析词义辨析题。A项“假装”;B项“同意”;C项“拒绝”;D项“决定”。根据第二段最后一句“her father would be thrown into jail”可知,如果她拒绝选一块鹅卵石她的父亲就会被关进监狱。答案为C项。‎ ‎11.A.path B.area C.place D.garden 答案A 8‎ 解析行文逻辑题。根据文章第四段第二句“onto the pebble-strewn path”可知,他们站在一条有很多鹅卵石的小路上,名词path在文中重复使用,所以答案为A项。‎ ‎12.A.throw away B.ask for C.pick up D.point at 答案C 解析词义辨析题。A项“扔掉”;B项“请求”;C项“捡起,拾起,拿起,恢复,用车接某人,学会,买到便宜货”;D项“指向”。根据句中“bent over”可知,放债者弯腰捡起鹅卵石。答案为C项。‎ ‎13.A.ignored B.warned C.noticed D.suggested 答案C 解析词义辨析题。A项“忽视,忽略,不理睬”;B项“警告,警示”;C项“注意到”;D项“建议,表明,暗示”。当放债者捡起鹅卵石时,目光敏锐的女孩注意到他捡了两个黑色的鹅卵石放在袋子里。答案为C项。‎ ‎14.A.penny B.pebble C.coin D.piece 答案B 解析文化常识题。根据常识判断,女孩把手放进钱袋,抓出来的应该是鹅卵石。答案为B项。‎ ‎15.A.roll B.fall C.fly D.move 答案B 解析词义辨析题。A项“滚动”;B项“落下”;C项“飞行”;D项“移动,搬家”。女孩故意将鹅卵石掉落在铺满鹅卵石的小路上。答案为B项。‎ ‎16.A.interestingly B.mysteriously C.unexpectedly D.immediately 答案D 解析词义辨析题。A项“有趣地”;B项“神秘地”;C项“始料不及地,意外地”;D项“立刻,马上”。鹅卵石掉落在小路上,立刻消失在其他鹅卵石中,找不到了。答案为D项。‎ ‎17.A.clumsy B.forgetful C.stupid D.hopeless 答案A 解析词义辨析题。A项“笨拙的”;B项“健忘的”;C项“愚蠢的”;D项“没有希望的,绝望的”。根据第四段第二句“she fumbled and let it 　15　 onto the pebble path”可知,农夫的女儿故意把鹅卵石掉在路上,还自责说自己笨手笨脚,以免引起怀疑,所以答案为A项。 ‎ ‎18.A.held B.chosen C.found D.left 答案D 解析词义辨析题。两块鹅卵石掉落一块,看一下袋子里面的那块就知道刚才拿出来的是什么颜色的石头了。答案为D项。‎ ‎19.A.dishonesty B.worry C.mistake D.guilt 答案A 解析词义辨析题。A项“不诚实”;B项“担忧,忧虑”;C项“错误”;D项“犯错,错误,毛病,瑕疵”。放债人放进了两块黑色的鹅卵石,他不敢承认他自己的不诚实。答案为A项。‎ 8‎ ‎20.A.impossible B.embarrassing C.urgent D.unbelievable 答案A 解析词义辨析题。A项“不可能的”;B项“令人尴尬的”;C项“紧急的”;D项“难以置信的”。农夫的女儿把不可能的情形变成了非常有利于自己的情形。答案为A项。‎ Ⅲ.书面表达 ‎(2018四川成都月考)‎ 假如你是李华,当今网络已经把世界变成了真正的“全球村”,作为一名中学生,请你给某报社写一封信,就网络对教育的影响谈谈你的看法。‎ 要点:‎ ‎1.网络对教育影响的利弊各一条及你的理由;‎ ‎2.你的建议一条。‎ 注意:‎ ‎1.词数100左右;‎ ‎2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 参考范文 Dear Sir/Madam,‎ The Internet has transformed the world into a global village,altering all aspects of our life,especially education.Here,I am writing to share my thoughts on its positive effect as well as negative one.‎ The most obvious advantage lies in the wide choice of courses.Learners can have access to the courses tailored for personal needs,regardless of time and space.As a result,learning occurs in such an efficient way that gaining knowledge is easier than ever.‎ The downside is just as noticeable.Along with individualized courses,the Internet presents half-truths that puzzle the young minds where self-control and judging power are still forming.‎ Therefore,I strongly suggest that the use of the Internet should be under supervision of adults.‎ Yours faithfully,‎ Li Hua 8‎