2020版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练（4）（含解析） 12页

‎2019版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练（4）‎ 李仕才 A In a bid to convince drivers in Aichi Prefecture to keep their hands on the wheel and their eyes on the road，a new Japanese smartphone app offers free coffee coupons(优惠券)to drivers who don’t check their phones for at least ‎100 km.‎ For the last 13 years，Aichi Prefecture has recorded the highest rate of death in traffic accidents in Japan.Last year，there were 443,691 accidents that resulted in injuries or deaths，and 50,101 arrests involving the use of smartphones while driving.With handhelds becoming such a big part of people’s lives，there appears to be an increase in violations of this nature，and authorities have yet to come up with an effective plan to deal with the problem.‎ Interestingly，a Japanese company seems to think that a creative new app could in some way help drivers to keep themselves from checking their phones at the wheel and reduce the number of traffic accidents.Toyota Motor Corporation，Komeda Coffee and KDDI Corporation of Communication have teamed up to create Driving Barista，an app that uses the phone’s sensor to sense the tilt(倾斜)of the device，and the GPS to determine the distance driven.This allows it to calculate the number of kilometers a driver has traveled with the smartphone facing down.‎ When Driving Barista determines that the smartphone has not been checked for at least 1 00 kilometers，it will reward the driver with a coupon for a cup of blended or iced coffee at a Komeda Coffee Shop.The reward is earned after every 100 kilometers driven without checking the phone.If you try to change the number before it reaches ‎100 km，the app will reset back at ‎0 km.‎ Toyota‎ claims that this is the first smartphone app that attempts to deal with traffic safety issues.“In line with contributing to the final goal of achieving zero death and zero traffic accidents，Toyota has taken automobile safety measures as one of its top priority management concerns，”said Shuichi Murakami，managing officer at Toyota.“By carrying out a new traffic safety regulations together with Komeda Coffee and KDDI，we hope to further reduce traffic accidents.”‎ 文章大意：文章以爱知县和日本的交通状况为线索，谈到政府和一些汽车企业为降低因使用手机带来的交通事故而发明的一种新设备。‎ ‎1．“The wheel”in Paragraph l actually refers to__D__.‎ 12‎ 解析：词义推断题。从文章前两段可知，这里的wheel指的是方向盘，即让司机全神贯注于驾驶。‎ ‎2．What can we learn about Japan’s traffic from the passage？__A__‎ A．Over 50,000 Japanese drivers got arrested for phone use while driving.‎ B．The final goal of achieving zero traffic accidents will soon come true.‎ C．Aichi Prefecture no longer tops the list in Japan’s traffic death rates.‎ D．443,691 people died or got injured in last year’s traffic accidents.‎ ‎3．What do we know about Driving Barista？__A__‎ A．It encourages driving without checking smartphones.‎ B．It is created by several Japanese motor companies.‎ C．It determines the distance the driver has driven.‎ D．It can be placed in any position by the drivers.‎ ‎4．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage？__B__‎ A．Smartphones—the No.1 killer in driving B．An app to control smartphone use in driving C．Drivers，do you like coffee?‎ D．Japan’s new traffic regulations 解析：主旨大意题。本文的核心就是介绍这个装置的发明和使用，因此选B。其余三项都不是文章核心内容。‎ B ‎(2015·呼和浩特第二次调研)‎ 12‎ A lot of us think that we should visit the dentist every six months. Whether those checkups are really necessary is, however, a matter of debate. In 2014, threequarters of dentists surveyed in New York were recommending sixmonthly checkups, despite the absence of evidence. Today，many organizations still recommend sixmonthly checkups. But for several decades some have been arguing that the choice of six months as the ideal space between visits is rather questionable.For example, Aubrey Sheiham, a professor of dental public health, published a paper complaining about the lack of evidence for sixmonthly checkups. Almost 40 years, he’s still making the same point.‎ Last year the Cochrane Collaboration performed a review of the research that had been done and they were disappointed with what they found. The quality and quantity of the research was simply too poor to back up the idea of sixmonthly checkups.‎ There’s something else we have to bear in mind. Even when a study finds, for example, that children who go to the dentist frequently have fewer fillings, there may be other factors(因素) at work. Those same children may have other advantages: they may eat more healthily and have better quality dental equipment.‎ How often should you visit the dentist，then? Bodies like Nice, which provides guidance for the National Health Service in England and Wales, say that the frequency ‎ 12‎ of dental visits all depends on the individual. They recommend that children go at least once a year because their teeth can decay(蛀蚀) faster, while adults without problems can wait as long as two years. They even go as far as to say that longer than two years is OK for people who have shown commitment to caring for their teeth.‎ Where does this leave the rest of us the next time we receive a card in the mail reminding us our next dental visit is due? We’d all like an excuse to go less often, and the good news is that if you don’t have any problems you can probably wait a little longer than six months between visits.But exactly how long you can wait before your appointment with the dentist’s chair will depend on the assessment you and your dentist make of your own risk.‎ ‎1．Who supports sixmonthly dental checkups?‎ A．All the dentists. ‎ B．Many organizations.‎ C．Aubrey Sheiham. ‎ D．The National Health Service.‎ ‎2．The research may not prove the idea of sixmonthly checkups because ________．‎ A．there might be other factors at work B．the number of the subjects was big C．the researchers were not qualified D．there was a lack of quality dental equipment ‎3．We can learn from the last two paragraphs that ________．‎ 12‎ A．the frequency of dental visits varies for different people B．people often find excuses to avoid the next dental visit　‎ C．people should decide when to go to the dentist by themselves D．the healthier a person is, the less frequent the dental visits are ‎4．What is the best title for this passage?‎ A．How can we go to the dentist less?‎ B．Why do we need to visit our dentist?‎ C．How often do we need to visit our dentist?‎ D．Who should go to the dentist frequently?‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇议论文。很多牙医和护牙组织都认为，我们应该每六个月去检查一次牙齿。但是经过许多研究，并没有找到可以支持这种观点的合理性的确切证据。因此作者认为，我们多长时间去看一次牙医可以取决于个人的实际情况。‎ ‎1．解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第一段第四句“Today，many organizations still recommend sixmonthly checkups.”可知，现在有很多组织都建议人们每六个月就去做一次牙齿检查。故答案选B。根据第一段第三句“In 2014，threequarters of dentists surveyed...sixmonthly checkups”可知，有四分之三的牙医推荐人们每六个月做一次牙齿检查，故A项错误；根据第一段倒数第二句可知，Aubrey Sheiham认为每六个月去检查一次缺乏证据，故C项错误；根据第四段第二句可知，国民医疗保健服务认为看牙医的频率应取决于个人情况，故D项错误。‎ ‎2．解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第三段第二句中“there may be other factors(因素)at work”可知，这项研究可能无法证实人们应该每六个月去做一次牙齿检查的这种观点是因为：可能有其他一些因素在起作用。故答案选A。‎ ‎3．解析：选A。推理判断题。通读最后两段并根据第四段第二句中“the frequency of dental visits all depends on the 12‎ ‎ individual”可知，多长时间去看一次牙医取决于个人情况，即看牙医的频率因人而异。故答案选A。‎ ‎4．解析：选C。标题归纳题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要讨论的是人们应该多久去做一次牙齿检查。C项意为“我们需要多久去看一次牙医？”，体现了本文的中心，适合做标题。故答案选C。‎ C In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. Others say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.‎ I have taught many children who held the belief that their selfworth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often lifeanddeath affairs. In their singleminded pursuit of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.‎ However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the_most_vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: “I may have lost, but it doesn't matter because I really didn't try.” What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one's selfrespect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (缓解) can we discover a new meaning in competition.‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。文章首先提出论点“现代社会关于竞争有很多争议”，然后详细分析了不同人对竞争的不同看法。‎ ‎1．What does this passage mainly talk about?‎ A．Competition helps to set up selfrespect.‎ B．Opinions about competition are different among people.‎ C．Competition is harmful to personal quality development.‎ D．Failures are necessary experiences in competition.‎ 答案：B　主旨大意题。根据文章首句“In modern society there is a great deal of argument 12‎ ‎ about competition.”可知，现代社会关于竞争有很多争议。下文内容围绕这一点详细分析了不同人对竞争的不同看法，因此这便是文章的中心论点。故B项正确。‎ ‎2．Why do some people favor competition according to the passage?‎ A．It builds up a sense of duty.‎ B．It pushes society forward.‎ C．It improves personal abilities.‎ D．It encourages individual efforts.‎ 答案：B　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity.”可知，有人认为竞争是社会进步和繁荣的动力。故B项正确。‎ ‎3．The underlined phrase “the most vocal” in Paragraph 3 means ________.‎ A．those who try their best to win B．those who value competition most highly C．those who are against competition most strongly D．those who rely on others most for success 答案：C　词义猜测题。根据语境可知，有些人渴望成功，而有些人持相反的态度。在只注重赢家而不注意普通人的文化价值观下，他们强烈谴责竞争。其中最直言不讳的就是那些来自父母和社会的竞争压力下挣扎的年轻人。根据“Among”可知，画线词是指上文提到的那些强烈谴责竞争的人。故C项正确。‎ ‎4．What is the similar belief of the true competitors and those with a “desire to fail”？‎ A．One's worth lies in his performance compared with others'.‎ B．One's success in competition needs great efforts.‎ C．One's achievement is determined by his particular skills.‎ D．One's success is based on how hard he has tried.‎ 答案：A　细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第三、四句“Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one's selfrespect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others.”可知，A项正确。‎ ‎5．Which point of view may the author agree to?‎ A．Every effort should be paid back.‎ B．Competition should be encouraged.‎ C．Winning should be a lifeanddeath matter.‎ D．Fear of failure should be removed in competition.‎ 12‎ 答案：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (缓解) can we discover a new meaning in competition.”不难看出作者的态度；只有消除竞争中的畏惧心理，我们才能发现竞争的意义。故D项正确。‎ D ‎(2015·河南高考适应性测试)‎ Registration is Now Open for Summer.‎ Request_a_brochure_or_apply_today!‎ The Great Books Summer Program is an experience like no other in American education. For the past thirteen years, GBSP has gathered exceptional middle and high school students from across the world to read, discuss and debate selections from the greatest works of literature, experience collegelevel discussions and seminars, and enjoy summer fun with other literaryminded students. We offer summer camps at Stanford University, Amherst College and Oxford‎ ‎University.‎ A Sample of Life at Great Books: Read and discuss the likes of Plato, Jefferson, Tolstoy, Borges and Vonnegut with an international community of literatureloving students and distinguished college faculty. Then join our arts and literature electives to write in a creative fiction workshop, paint “en pleinair”， learn a new instrument, act in a Shakespeare play, or closely read a Russian novel with a group of new friends. Join us in the evening for a camp dance, ice cream social or for a surprise guest speaker...perhaps a Pulitzerprize winning author or celebrated movie director！Enjoy a worldclass university campus. Make friendships that will last a lifetime.‎ The Student Experience: Find your voice in the classroom. The Great Books Summer 12‎ ‎ Reading Program gives students the opportunity to grow academically and socially as they prepare for high school or college. Open discussions encourage students to express themselves and give power to their ideas. Students gain confidence in their ability to read a text closely and express their ideas clearly both verbally and in writing.‎ Three Distinguished Campuses: Amherst College in Massachusetts, Stanford University in California and our inaugural session at Oxford University in Oxford‎, ‎England. This is the perfect opportunity to preview life on a college campus!‎ Don’t miss your chance to join students from 49 states and 29 countries in this unique learning experience! Space is limited. Register_today!‎ ‎1．Who can register GBSP?‎ A．Celebrated movie directors. ‎ B．Distinguished college faculty.‎ C．Pulitzerprize winning authors. ‎ D．Middle and high school students.‎ ‎2．Those who take part in GBSP will ________．‎ A．have the privilege to apply for the universities mentioned in the text B．be honored at a special ceremony at Oxford University in ‎Oxford‎, ‎England C．be offered the great works of Plato, Jefferson, Tolstoy, Borges and Vonnegut D．have the opportunity to grow academically and socially for future development ‎3．What type of writing is this text?‎ A．A book review.‎ B．An official report.‎ 12‎ C．An advertisement.‎ D．An exhibition guide.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一则广告，主要介绍了暑期名著阅读计划。‎ ‎5．解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中的“GBSP has gathered exceptional middle and high school students from across the world”可知，初高中学生可以加入暑期阅读计划。故答案选D。‎ ‎6．解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“The Great Books Summer Reading Program gives students the opportunity to grow academically and socially as they prepare for high school or college.”可知，为了学生将来的发展，GBSP会给学生提供发展学术和增进社交能力的机会。故答案选D。‎ ‎7．解析：选C。推理判断题。根据文章开头“Registration is Now Open for Summer.Request_a_brochure_or_apply_today！”并结合全文可知，本文是一则广告，介绍了暑期名著阅读计划及其好处，以吸引读者报名参加。故答案选C。‎ E Leeds‎ Library Calendar Monday 10 April 18:00-20:00‎ Leeds Centre for Victorian Studies — The Gott collection and the Yorkshire Landscape.‎ Nicole Harding talks aboutte Gott collection.‎ Admission: FREE Saturday 6 May 13:00-15:30‎ Members’ Film Club: The Best Actor and Actress Season There Will Be Blood(15) 158 mins.‎ Daniel Plainview (Day Lewis) is a down-and-out silver miner who strikes it rich and becomes an oil tycoon. When he learns of a small oil-rich town in Californis, he moves there with his adopted son. Using his son to project the image of a caring family man, Plainview gains the cooperation of almost all the locals in the town, with promises to help develop their community but over time, Plainview’s gradual accumulation of 12‎ ‎ wealth and power causes his true self to surface.‎ Admission: €3(including a glass of wine).‎ To book please click here.‎ Wednesday 17 May 18:00-20:00‎ Member’s Film Club: The Best Actor and Actress Season Born Yesterday (PG) 116 mins.‎ Judy Holliday plays Billie Dawn, the dumb blonde girlfriend of Harry Brook (Broderick Crawford), a corrupt millionaire junk dealer. Brock, a man with social ambitions, is embarrassed by Billie’s rube behavior, so he arranges for her to take a crash course in culture from a handsome, young journalist (Willian Holden). Billie learns really quickly under his kind guide and becomes increasingly aware of her role in Brock’s business deals.‎ Admission: €3(including a glass of wine).‎ To book please click here.‎ Thursday 8 June 18:00-20:30‎ Big Book End Event: In Conversation With Candace Robb and Chris Nickson Historian and historical crime fiction author, Candace Robb will be in conversation with historical crime fiction author, Chris Nickson on Thurs 8 June, 7 p.m. at the Leeds Library.‎ Admission: €3‎ To book please click here.‎ ‎1.What film will be shown on 6th May?‎ A. Judy Holliday. B.A Glass of Wine.‎ C. There Will Be Blood. D. Born Yesterday.‎ ‎2.What do we know about Billie Dawn from Born Yesterday?‎ A. She is embarrassed by he bad manners.‎ B. She realizes what to be expected of her.‎ C. She contributes to her family business.‎ D. She admires her course teacher.‎ ‎3.Who will attend Big Book End Event at the Leeds Library?‎ 12‎ A. Candace Robb. B. William Holden.‎ C. Daniel Plainview. D. Broderick Crawford.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文为一则广告，介绍了四月份到六月份在Leeds Library要进行的四个活动。‎ ‎1.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段可知6 May 要上映There Will Be Blood，故选C。‎ ‎3.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段Historian and historical crime fiction author, Candace Robb will be in conversation with historical crime fiction author, Chris Nickson on Thurs 8 June, 7 p.m. at the Leeds Library.可知，Candace Robb将要在Leeds Library出席Big Book End Event，故选A。‎ 12‎