2020版高考英语大二轮复习专题十二 人物故事类阅读+科普知识类阅读+七选五+短文改错 10页

专题十二　人物故事类阅读+科普知识类阅读+七选五+短文改错 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2018安徽合肥二模)‎ Semi-retired advertising agency owner Stephen Thomas,58,has been investing on and off for the past 30 years.He made money in the dotcom boom but got his fingers burned when the bubble burst in March 2000.When he got access to his pension he decided to start investing again,this time with the help of his son Sam.‎ Now the two meet up most afternoons at Stephen’s home in Sandbach,Cheshire to talk about investments.The day starts at 7 am when Sam looks at company announcements online.These regulatory announcements can include a firm’s accounts,general updates or news of mergers(合并) or acquisitions.Sam flags up companies that he thinks look interesting to his dad who then does some more research. ‎ Each has an ISA (Individual Savings Account) with AJ Bell,which they use to buy individual stocks and shares.It is a risky way to invest but the two like doing their own research on companies and Stephen makes an effort to go to investor presentations and try to meet the CEO and directors of the firms they invest in and to speak to other investors in the companies.‎ They have invested in oil companies and pet care businesses,to name just a few.But while the investments of the two men are similar,they do have different approaches.While Sam likes to hold shares for the long term as he is saving money for his future retirement,Stephen likes to buy with any profits he makes.‎ Sam says,“We do not argue because we have separate ISAs.It means finally we make our own decisions about which shares to invest in.The only time we might have a 10‎ ‎ disagreement is when we both want to use the login for the news service at the same time.”‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。本文介绍山姆和他父亲的投资策略。他们在投资方面的共同之处就是对投资的热情。‎ ‎1.What happened to Stephen in 2000?‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ A.He had to retire from the agency.‎ B.He gave away all his pensions.‎ C.He got injured in an accident.‎ D.He suffered a loss in his investment.‎ 答案D 解析推理判断题。根据第一段中“He made money in the dotcom boom but got his fingers burned when the bubble burst in March 2000.”可知,在2000年他的投资蒙受了损失。故选D项。‎ ‎2.What does the underlined words“flags up”in Paragraph 2 mean?‎ A.Marks. B.Abandons.‎ C.Takes over. D.Sets up.‎ 答案A 解析词义猜测题。根据第二段中“These regulatory announcements can include a firm’s accounts,general updates or news of mergers(合并) or acquisitions.”可知,这些监管公告可以包括公司的账目、一般的更新、合并或收购的消息。再根据第二段最后一句“Sam flags up companies that he thinks look interesting to his dad who then does some more research.”可知,山姆把那些他认为他父亲会感兴趣的公司标记出来,他父亲会再做一些研究。由此可知,画线部分的意思是“做标记”,故选A项。‎ ‎3.How did Stephen usually conduct his own research?‎ A.By meeting clients and other investors.‎ B.By predicting the trend of the market.‎ C.By analyzing some research data.‎ D.By doing ongoing interviews online.‎ 答案A 解析推理判断题。根据第三段中“...Stephen makes an effort to go to investor presentations and try to meet the CEO and directors of the firms they invest in and to speak to other investors in the companies.”可知Stephen通过会见公司总裁和其他投资者来指导自己的研究。故选A项。‎ ‎4.In what aspect do Sam and his father share in investment?‎ A.The way to deal with the return.‎ B.The percentage of the shares they hold.‎ C.The enthusiasm for the investment.‎ 10‎ D.The approach to stock market research.‎ 答案C 解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中“We do not argue because we have separate ISAs.It means finally we make our own decisions about which shares to invest in.”可知,山姆和他的父亲在投资方面的共同之处就是对投资的热情。可知答案为C项。‎ B ‎(2018山西太原二模)‎ Every day when Glen Oliver orders his morning coffee at the drive-through window of a local cafe,he insists on paying for the order of the person behind him.He also asks the restaurant workers to tell the customer to have a great day,in case they’re not already having one.‎ Oliver has never made a big deal out of his own generous actions until a letter was published by a news website in November.He found out that he had not just bought someone his breakfast—he had saved a life.‎ According to the website,someone had written a letter stating that on July 18th,he was planning on committing suicide.The writer said that while he was at the drive-through window,he was planning on going home,writing a note and ending his life.When he went to pay for his coffee and muffin,however,the cashier told him that the man in the SUV in front of him had picked up the tab and told him to have a great day. ‎ ‎“I wondered why someone would buy coffee for a stranger for no reason,” said the writer.“Why me?Why today?If I were a religious man,I would take this as a sign.This random act of kindness was directed at me on this day for a purpose.”‎ When the writer arrived home,he couldn’t hold back his tears and started to think about the simple good deed that had affected him so deeply.“I decided at that moment to change my plans for the day and do something nice for someone.I ended up helping a neighbor take groceries out of her car and into the house.”‎ The writer says that in the months following that fateful event,he does at least one kind thing for others every day.“To the nice man in the SUV,thank you from the bottom of my heart.Please know your kind gesture has truly saved a life,” he said.“On July 18,2017,I had the greatest day.”‎ ‎【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。Glen Oliver每天早上为在他后面排队的人买早餐,他的善举无意中挽救了一个想自杀的人的生命。‎ ‎5.What is Oliver’s act of kindness every day?‎ A.Buying others breakfast.‎ B.Greeting restaurant workers.‎ C.Publishing positive news.‎ 10‎ D.Taking groceries for neighbors.‎ 答案A 解析细节推理题。根据第一段“Every day when Glen Oliver orders his morning coffee at the drive-through window of a local cafe,he insists on paying for the order of the person behind him.”可知,Glen Oliver每天早上为在他后面排队的人买早餐,故选A项。‎ ‎6.What is special about Oliver’s act of kindness on July 18,2017?‎ A.It brought him thank-you letters.‎ B.It was reported on a news website.‎ C.It was the first time he’d paid for others.‎ D.It stopped someone from killing himself.‎ 答案D 解析推理判断题。根据第二段“He found out that he had not just bought someone his breakfast —he had saved a life.”和第三段“...someone had written a letter stating that on July 18th,he was planning on committing suicide.”故事介绍和下文“I decided at that moment to change my plans for the day and do something nice for someone.”可知,2017年7月18日Glen Oliver的善举使一个人放弃了要自杀的想法,并决定也为别人做好事。故选D项。‎ ‎7.What does the underlined phrase“picked up the tab” mean in Paragraph 3?‎ A.Paid the bill. B.Parked the car.‎ C.Left a message. D.Ordered a drink.‎ 答案A 解析词义猜测题。此处指当这个人为早餐结账时,收银员告诉他,坐在他前面的越野车里的那个人已经给他买了单,与第一段“...he insists on paying for the order of the person behind him.”呼应,picked up the tab指付款买单,与paid the bill同义,故选A项。‎ ‎8.How did the writer of the letter feel after the event?‎ A.He felt guilty. B.He felt grateful.‎ C.He felt confused. D.He felt saddened.‎ 答案B 解析推理判断题。根据最后一段“To the nice man in the SUV,thank you from the bottom of my heart.”可知,写信者非常感激Glen Oliver,故选B项。‎ C ‎(2018安徽皖南八校第二次联考)‎ In high school I was very shy,content to hang around with my small group of friends and to concentrate on my courses.I was quickly labeled a “brain”.I did so well that by the end of senior year I had perfect grades and enough college credits to give up an entire quarter of coursework.‎ 10‎ But in early June of senior year,the principal called me into the office.He asked me to give a speech at the graduation.I gaped(目瞪口呆地凝视) at him,my heart thumping.This was the reward for my hard work?I mumbled something and fled the office,blaming myself for staying away from physics,a subject sure to have broken up my perfect record.‎ I finally agreed to a compromise.I would share the honor with five other students.I agreed to introduce my friend Judy,who would then give her own,full-length speech.‎ Graduation day soon arrived.I’d been practicing my speech for days,and I had it memorized.The first half hour of the ceremony passed in a blur,and then my moment came.My name was announced.I managed to reach the podium without falling down.I faced my classmates.My voice trembled a little,but mostly it was clear and strong.But within seconds,I was done and heading back to my seat.I accomplished something I’d never dreamed of—I spoke in front of hundreds of people.‎ Although I didn’t realize it at the time,the successful completion of that speech gave me the confidence to participate in class at college,to give verbal reports,and to eventually break free of my shyness.I never would have chosen to give a speech at graduation—or ever.But I’m glad I did.I no longer hesitate when I’m faced with the prospect of doing something I dread.I know it may very well turn out to be one of my shining moments.‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者讲述了第一次演讲的起因、经过和结果以及对自己以后的积极影响。‎ ‎9.Why was the writer called a“brain”?‎ A.She was a bookworm all the time.‎ B.She was the head of her small group.‎ C.She was the most intelligent student.‎ D.She did more coursework for good grades.‎ 答案C 解析推理判断题。根据第一段“...concentrate on my courses.I was quickly labled a ‘brain’.I did so well that by the end of senior year I had perfect grades and enough college credits to give up an entire quarter of coursework.”可知作者上学时学习努力,成绩很好,是最聪明努力的学生。所以被称为“brain”,故选C项。‎ ‎10.What can we infer from the second paragraph?‎ A.She ruined her health by studying hard.‎ B.She got the reward beyond expectation.‎ C.She was grateful for giving a speech.‎ D.She wasn’t good at physics at school.‎ 答案D 10‎ 解析推理判断题。根据第二段“...blaming myself for staying away from physics,a subject sure to have broken up my perfect record.”可知作者的物理成绩不好,打破了她的完美记录。故选D项。‎ ‎11.How did the author feel at the beginning of the graduation speech?‎ A.Scared. B.Moved.‎ C.Excited. D.Embarrassed.‎ 答案A 解析推理判断题。根据第四段“I managed to reach the podium without falling down.I faced my classmates.My voice trembled a little,but mostly it was clear and strong.”可知毕业演讲开始的时候作者脚步不稳,声音发抖,非常害怕。故选A项。‎ ‎12.What did the speech bring to the author at last?‎ A.She had nothing to fear in life.‎ B.She got rid of her sense of shyness.‎ C.She won enough college credits.‎ D.She desired to become a speaker.‎ 答案B 解析推理判断题。根据最后一段“...the successful completion of that speech gave me the confidence to participate in class at college,to give verbal reports,and to eventually break free of my shyness.”可知这次演讲给了作者在大学里参与课堂、发表口头报告的信心,并最终使作者摆脱羞怯。故选B项。‎ D ‎(2018江西八所重点中学联考)‎ Humans and gorillas shared evolution for 23 million years.Their paths separated only six million years ago.Research on how gorillas communicate can help us understand human language development.‎ Understanding how the brain works helps us see a connection between language development and non-verbal signs.These signs or movements include things like the way we move our hands or bodies or the different expressions our faces have in different social situations.A new study on gorillas showed that the right side of the body is controlled by the left part of the brain and it is also the location for language development.‎ Two cameras were used to film all of one ape’s movements.One of the first results was that gorillas use their right hands more when they are doing actions with their heads or mouths at the same time.This shows that there is a connection between how our brain works and the reason we use one side of our body more than the other.In addition,we can use the results of the study and our knowledge about brains to help us understand more about how language first developed in humans.‎ 10‎ Dr Forrester,who did the study,says the results can be useful in other ways,such as understanding language development in children.For example,some children have serious illness called“autism” which can stop them communicating normally with people.It might be possible to use the same study method to find out which children have this illness when they are very young.Doctors will then be able to start treatment early.‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普文。文章介绍了大猩猩研究的新发现。通过研究大猩猩如何交流可以帮助我们了解人类语言的发展。‎ ‎13.Which of the following may have a connection with right-handedness?‎ A.Communication. B.Intelligence.‎ C.Social position. D.Social success.‎ 答案A 解析细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句“A new study on gorillas showed that the right side of the body is controlled by the left part of the brain and it is also the location for language development.”可知,大猩猩惯用右手可能和沟通交流有关系。故选A项。‎ ‎14.What does the underlined word“it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A.The right side of the body. B.The mouth.‎ C.The left part of the brain. D.The front part of the head.‎ 答案C 解析词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“A new study on gorillas showed that the right side of the body is controlled by the left part of the brain and it is also the location for language development.”可知,it代指前面的 the left part of the brain。故选C项。‎ ‎15.Who might benefit most from the results of the study?‎ A.Photographers of gorillas. B.Zoo keepers.‎ C.Researchers on movement. D.Children with certain illness.‎ 答案D 解析细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容“Dr Forrester,who did the study,says the results can be useful in other ways,such as understanding language development in children.”以及下面的例子可知,研究结果可能帮助那些有某种疾病的孩子。故选D项。‎ ‎16.We can infer from the text that gorillas 　　　. ‎ A.prefer to use the right hand instead of the left hand B.have a complex form of non-verbal communication C.help us better develop our language abilities D.share the same body language with humans 答案B 10‎ 解析推理判断题。根据文章第二段“A new study on gorillas showed that the right side of the body is controlled by the left part of the brain and it is also the location for language development.”可以推断,大猩猩有一种复杂的非语言交际形式。故选B项。‎ Ⅱ.七选五 ‎(2018江西赣州一模)‎ With the development of technology and economy,social media is becoming one of the fastest-growing industries in today’s world.A study conducted by the US Pew Research Center showed that 92 percent of teenagers go online daily.　1　 ‎ Changing relationships High school student Elly Cooper from Illinois said social media often reduces face-to-face communication.“It makes face-to-face relationships harder because of people’s attention given to their phones instead of their friends,” Cooper said.‎ ‎　2　 Beth Kaplan from Illinois met her long-distance friend through social media.He currently lives in Scotland,but they’re still able to frequently communicate with each other.“I can feel close to someone that I’m talking to via FaceTime,”Kaplan said. ‎ Wanting to be“liked”‎ ‎　3　 The 19-year-old Essena O’Neill announced on the social networking service Instagram that she was emitting social media because it made her unable to stop thinking about appearing perfect online.　4　 Teenagers who get negative comments can’t help but feel hurt. ‎ ‎　5　 ‎ However,Armin Korsos,a student from Illinois,takes advantage of the comments he receives over social media to improve his videos on the social networking site YouTube.“Social media can help people show themselves and their talents to the world in a way that has never been possible before,” Korsos said.‎ A.Opening new doors.‎ B.Teenagers’ attitude towards social media.‎ C.Negative comments can also do great damage to a teenager’s self-respect.‎ D.The wide spread of social media has changed nearly all parts of teenagers’ lives.‎ E.However,the social media is beneficial to long-distance friends.‎ F.The rise of social media has changed the way teenagers see themselves.‎ G.Yet,some think with social media,it’s easier to start relationships with anyone from anywhere.‎ 答案与解析 ‎【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲了社交媒体的广泛传播,在很多方面改变了青少年的生活。‎ 10‎ ‎1.D　“A study conducted by the US Pew Research Center showed that 92 percent of teenagers go online daily.”这里提到了青少年上网的问题,故选D项。社交媒体的广泛传播,几乎改变了青少年的生活。‎ ‎2.G　由“Beth Kaplan from Illinois met her long-distance friend through social media.He currently lives in Scotland,but they’re still able to frequently communicate with each other.‘I can feel close to someone that I’m talking to via FaceTime,’Kaplan said.”可知这里的意思是但是有些人认为,通过社交媒体可以和任何地方的任何人交朋友,选G项。‎ ‎3.F　由“The 19-year-old Essena O’Neill announced on the social networking service Instagram that she was emitting social media because it made her unable to stop thinking about appearing perfect online.”可知这里的意思是社交媒体的崛起改变了青少年看待自己的方式,选F项。‎ ‎4.C　由“Teenagers who get negative comments can’t help but feel hurt.”可知这里的意思是负面的评论会对青少年的自尊造成巨大的伤害,选C项。‎ ‎5.A　由“‘Social media can help people show themselves and their talents to the world in a way that has never been possible before,’Korsos said.”可知这段的标题是打开新的门,选A项。‎ Ⅲ.短文改错 ‎(2018黑龙江大庆一模)‎ Yesterday,Tom and I were walking down the street when we saw the old man fall off his bike.I suggested we carried the old man to hospital,and Tom did not agree.He had learnt first aid so I said that the old man mustn’t be moving.We should leave him what he was and check him first.Seeing that the old man wasn’t breathing,Tom asks me to call the First-Aid Center and he used the mouth-to-mouth way make the old man breathe.Soon the old man began to move on a little and the doctors also arrived.They said what we had done were right.‎ 答案 Yesterday,Tom and I were walking down the street when we saw old man fall off his bike.I suggested we the old man to hospital, Tom did not agree.He had learnt first aid so said that the old man mustn’t be ‎ 10‎ ‎.We should leave him he was and check him first.Seeing that the old man wasn’t breathing,Tom me to call the First-Aid Center and he used the mouth-to-mouth way make the old man breathe.Soon the old man began to move ‎ on ‎ a little and the doctors also arrived.They said what we had done right.‎ 10‎