2020版高考英语一轮复习 Unit 1 Friendship达标巩固练（含解析）新人教版必修1 9页

Unit 1 Friendship 李仕才 ‎***阅读理解 Pollution's serious effects on the environment have become more obvious in recent years.Most scientists agree that efforts are necessary to protect our environment from further harm.‎ As we know，the construction industry consumes a large quantity of energy and resources and creates a huge amount of pollution.So green buildings are in great need.‎ The environmental benefits of green buildings include the protection of ecosystems and biodiversity(生物多样性)，improved air and water quality，less waste flowing into streams and the protection of natural resources.Green buildings can also result in lower operating costs because they typically use less energy and fewer materials and improve indoor air quality，improving the health of people who live there.‎ The process of building green houses includes technical and artistic planning with nature protection in mind.Building designs often reflect the surrounding environment and natural resources and use renewable building materials such as bamboo and straw.In addition，recycled resources found locally are used for green buildings，reducing the cost and air pollution associated with transporting materials long distances.‎ Careful site selection is important to minimize(使减少到最低限度)human effects on the surrounding environment.For example，placing a structure in an area that allows it to take advantage of cool breezes(微风)and sunlight can reduce energy use and expenses.More energy and expenses are needed for larger buildings as well，so it is important to build the small ones.‎ Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and costs.These roofs are partially or completely covered with plants，which helps to keep heating and cooling costs low，prevent water running off and deal with pollutants.‎ Other features of green buildings often include energy and water protection，recycling and waste reduction.In addition, renewable energy sources such as solar power，waterpower and wind power are used for heat and electricity，which greatly reduces costs and decreases the influence on the environment.‎ ‎1．What can we know about green buildings?‎ 9‎ A．Producing no waste.‎ B．Only using clean energy.‎ C．Being made of new materials.‎ D．Being environmentfriendly.‎ ‎2．What is a green building probably like according to the fifth paragraph?‎ A．Large. B．Small.‎ C．Green. D．Low.‎ ‎3．What is the purpose of using green roofs?‎ A．To fit the environment.‎ B．To keep warm.‎ C．To collect nature water.‎ D．To reduce costs.‎ ‎4．What is the text mainly about?‎ A．Promoting energy efficiency.‎ B．Environmental benefits.‎ C．Green buildings.‎ D．Ecosystems and biodiversity.‎ ‎【解题导语】本文主要介绍了绿色建筑的优势和特色。‎ ‎【难句分析】For example，placing a structure in an area that allows it to take advantage of cool breezes(微风)and sunlight can reduce energy use and expenses.‎ 分析：本句是一个复合句。that引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词an area。‎ 译文：例如，把一个建筑物放在一个使它可以利用凉爽的微风和阳光的地方，这样可以减少能源使用和费用。‎ ‎1．D　考查推理判断。根据对全文的整体理解特别是第三段的内容可推知，绿色建筑整体上是环保的，故选D。A项错在不产生垃圾，这是不科学，也是不现实的，尤其是在建筑业；B项错在只使用清洁能源，文章中提到绿色建筑利用清洁能源，但没有说只用清洁能源；C项错在绿色建筑是用新材料建造的，文章中只是提到了利用竹子等自然材料，故排除。‎ ‎2．B　考查细节理解。根据第五段最后一句“More energy and expenses are needed for larger buildings as well，so it is important to build the small ones”可推知，绿色建筑应该倾向于小型建筑，而非高楼大厦，故选B。‎ ‎3．D　考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and costs”可知，绿色屋顶可以降低能源使用和成本，故选D。‎ 9‎ ‎4．C　考查主旨大意。根据文章的关键词“green buildings”和对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要讲的是绿色建筑，故选C。A项错在提高能源效率，这只是绿色建筑的一个好处；B项错在环境受益，这也是绿色建筑的一个好处；D项错在生态系统和生物多样性，这只是在文章中有所提及而已，并非文章主旨，故排除。‎ ‎***语法填空 My interest in Chinese food started years ago, when I was a young reporter for the Washington Post. Our office wasn't far from Chinatown, __1__ I found some very good Chinese restaurants.‎ That was the first time that I __2__ (notice) the fresh taste of the meat and vegetables of Chinese food.‎ When I learned more about the food, I began to understand why __3__ has this special feature.‎ Many years ago, China had __4__ energy crisis because it lost much of its wood due to overpopulation and poor management of its forests. This __5__ (lose) was very bad for the country, of course, but it turned out to be very good for the food. Wood became very expensive and hard to get, so the Chinese had to either find a substitute for their __6__ (value) wood, or learn how to use it better. There weren't any substitutes, so people found ways to economize.‎ In order to economize in cooking, they had to use very little wood. So they started cutting their meat and vegetables __7__ small pieces before they put them in the hot oil. That way, the food cooked __8__ (fast) and they saved more fuel. The food __9__ (prepare) in this way kept its fresh flavor—and it's this flavor __10__ attracts people from other countries to the art of Chinese cooking.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　‎ ‎6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要讲述了中国食物美味的原因。在很多年前，由于中国的木柴缺乏，人们为了节约木柴，就把食物切成小块烹饪，食物很快就熟了，而且保持了鲜美的味道。‎ ‎1．where　考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子成分可知，设空处所填词引导定语从句，补充说明先行词Chinatown，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作状语，表示地点，故填where。‎ ‎2．had noticed　考查动词的时态。在“It/This/That be the＋序数词＋time＋that ...”句型中，若前面的be动词是一般过去时，that从句使用过去完成时，故填had noticed。‎ 9‎ ‎3．it　考查代词。此处it代指前面的the food，故填it。‎ ‎4．an　考查冠词。表示“一”的概念时需用不定冠词，因为energy的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。句意：很多年前，中国有一次能源危机。‎ ‎5．loss　考查词性转换。分析句子成分可知，was是谓语部分，此处应用名词形式作主语，故填loss。‎ ‎6．valuable　考查词性转换。根据空后的名词wood可知，此处应用形容词修饰名词，故填valuable。‎ ‎7．into　考查介词。cut ... into ... 是固定搭配，意为“把……切成……”，故填into。‎ ‎8．faster　考查副词的比较级。根据后面的more可知，此处应用fast的比较级，故填faster。‎ ‎9．prepared　考查非谓语动词。此处是过去分词作后置定语，表被动，修饰名词food，故填prepared。‎ ‎10．that　考查强调句型。此句去掉it's和设空处后，仍是一个完整的句子，所以是强调句型，且被强调部分是this flavor，故填that。‎ ‎***完形填空 When I was just out of college，I managed to get my dream job as a trader in New York City on the floor of the American Stock(证券)Exchange.‎ Though it was a proud __1__，the job was simply too physically __2__—I must stand in a crowd every day，which often __3__ me in a mindset(思维模式)that held me back.‎ Manhattan is a walking town and it's difficult to __4__ when you have a disability.Taxies are expensive and riding the subway __5__ dozens of steep steps to get below the __6__.This left me only one __7__—the bus.‎ One night，after the __8__ for my job，I was aching with selfpity __9__ it started to rain on my walk to the bus stop.I became more and more __10__ without an umbrella，thinking I'd never __11__ it in this city and telling myself，“this city is just too hard” and “maybe it is just not possible for a guy like me”．‎ And then，I __12__ the most beautiful，short moment.A couple came rolling by on roller skates，hand __13__ hand as they skated what seemed like the tango.They were all wet but they saw the __14__ as an opportunity and romance.‎ I suddenly became grateful for waiting in the rain because I __15__ have missed this beauty __16__ if I had been in a taxi or on the subway.This，although 9‎ ‎ __17__，was an important moment on my journey to discover the __18__ of achieving health and happiness.When I change my mindset，__19__ for a moment，to what is possible and work to get rid of the selflimiting beliefs that __20__ my daily actions，I will be on the road to a healthier，happier life.‎ ‎1．A.adjustment B．achievement C．agreement D．treatment ‎2．A.tiring B．boring C．relaxing D．disappointing ‎3．A.reminded B．expected C．took D．left ‎4．A.go up B．get around C．set off D．show up ‎5．A.requests B．supports C．requires D．surrounds ‎6．A.ground B．street C．town D．city ‎7．A.change B．chance C．idea D．choice ‎8．A.struggle B．work C．experience D．influence ‎9．A.before B．while C．when D．after ‎10．A.nervous B．curious C．scared D．upset ‎11．A.get B．make C．put D．watch ‎12．A.recalled B．observed C．witnessed D．realized ‎13．A.on B．by C．to D．in ‎14．A.rain B．tree C．wind D．cloud ‎15．A.shall B．would C．need D．must 9‎ ‎16．A.exactly B．instantly C．entirely D．suddenly ‎17．A.strange B．small C．normal D．different ‎18．A.humor B．honesty C．power D．principle ‎19．A.still B．yet C．also D．even ‎20．A.affect B．follow C．forbid D．harm ‎【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者工作很累，回家路上遇到下雨，心情沮丧。当看到一对夫妇在雨中溜冰的画面，作者感觉到改变自己的思维模式会使自己走上一条更健康、更快乐的生活之路。文章告诉我们改变思维模式的重要性。‎ ‎【核心词汇】go up上升　get around四处走动 set off出发　show up出现，到场 ‎1．B　根据第一段中的“I managed to get my dream job”可知，作者毕业后找到了自己理想的工作，这份工作应是作者引以为傲的成就，故选B项，achievement意为“成就”。adjustment“调节”；agreement“同意，一致”；treatment“治疗，对待”。‎ ‎2．A　根据本句中的“I must stand in a crowd every day”可推知，这份工作是劳累的，故选A项，tiring意为“累人的，令人疲倦的”。relaxing“令人放松的”；disappointing“令人失望的”。‎ ‎3．D　根据语境可知“我每天都必须站在人群中，这常常让我有想退缩的思维模式”。“leave＋sh.＋宾补”表示“让某人……”，故选D项。remind“提醒”；expect“预期”。‎ ‎4．B　根据上文的“Manhattan is a walking town”可知，曼哈顿是一个步行商业区，所以你有残疾的话是很难四处走动(get around)的。go up“上升”；set off“出发”；show up“出现，到场”。‎ ‎5．C　根据语境可知，出租车很贵，乘坐地铁需要(requires)走下几十个陡峭的台阶才能到达地下。request“请求”；support“支持”；surround“围绕”。‎ ‎6．A　根据本句中的“the subway”以及常识可知，人们在地面(ground)下乘坐地铁，故选A项。‎ ‎7．D　句意：这让我只有一种选择——公共汽车。根据上文提到的交通方式都不适合作者可知，此处表示作者唯一的选择(choice)。‎ 9‎ ‎8．A　句意：一天晚上，在为我的工作苦苦奋斗后，我一直自怨自艾，当我走向公共汽车站的时候又下起了雨。根据语境可推知，此处是指在为工作奋斗(struggle)了一天之后。experience“经历”；influence“影响”。‎ ‎9．C　参见上题解析。when在此处表示“当……的时候”，符合语境。‎ ‎10．D　根据上文的“it started to rain”和空后的“without an umbrella”可知，下雨了，但是作者没有带伞，所以作者心情越来越沮丧(upset)。‎ ‎11．B　根据上文可知，没有雨伞，作者变得越来越沮丧，心想自己在这个城市里不会取得成功了。make it是固定短语，表示“达成目标，获得成功，做成某事”。‎ ‎12．C　句意：然后，我目睹了最美丽、最短暂的时刻。根据下文介绍的一对夫妇在雨中溜冰的画面可知，这是作者看到的。recall“召回，回想起”；observe“观察”；witness“目睹”；realize“认识到”。‎ ‎13．D　句意：一对夫妇穿着溜冰鞋，手拉着手，他们溜冰的时候像是在跳探戈舞。hand in hand“手拉手地”，是固定搭配，故选D项。‎ ‎14．A　根据上文的“it started to rain”和“They were all wet”可知，虽然他们身上都被淋湿了，但他们把雨(rain)当成是一个机会和一种浪漫。‎ ‎15．B　句意：我突然对在雨中等待感到感激，因为如果我在出租车或地铁上，我会完全错过这美景。根据句子结构可知，此处是由if引导的对过去的虚拟句，结构为“if＋主语＋had＋过去分词，主语＋should/would /could＋have＋过去分词”，所以选B项。‎ ‎16．C　根据语境可知，作者觉得如果乘坐其他交通工具就会完全错过这一幕，故选C项。exactly“正是，恰好”；instantly“立即，马上”；entirely“完全地”；suddenly“突然”。‎ ‎17．B　虽然这是生活中的一件小事，但却是作者在探索健康和幸福的旅途中的一个重要时刻。strange“奇怪的，陌生的”；small“小的”；normal“正常的”；different“不同的”，故选B项。‎ ‎18．C　根据语境可知，作者看到的这一幕给了作者力量。humor“幽默”；honesty“诚实，正直”；power“力量”；principle“原则”。‎ ‎19．D　句意：当我改变我的思维模式去做可能的事情，并努力摆脱那些影响我日常行为的自我限制的信念时，即使是片刻，我都将会走上一条更健康、更快乐的生活之路。根据句意可知，此处表示“即使”。still“仍然”；yet“还，然而”；also“也，而且”；even“即使”。‎ ‎20．A　根据语境可知，此处表示“影响(affect)我日常行为的自我限制的信念”。‎ ‎***短文改错 In order to promote participation in outdoors exercise, our school organized an activity to climb Mount‎ ‎Tai on April 10. The majority of my classmates joined the activity.‎ 9‎ Early in the morning, having assembled outside the school gate, we head straight to Mount‎ ‎Tai. We set out for the top in high spirits when the moment we arrived at the foot of the mountain. In a course of the climb, we cooperated with each other to pass the rocky and steep areas. Laughing and cheering, we eventually reached the summit, which we were greeted by the bright sunshine and fresh air. Viewing from the top, the city was beautiful. Bathed in the warm sunshine, we entertained us with stories, songs, dances and game.‎ This event was extremely beneficial for not only did we take a break from our heavy school workload, but we also learned how to cooperate. Therefore, we strongly suggest that similar events are held every year!‎ 答案：‎ In order to promote participation in exercise, our school organized an activity to climb Mount‎ ‎Tai on April 10. The majority of my classmates joined the activity.‎ Early in the morning, having assembled outside the school gate, we straight to Mount‎ ‎Tai. We set out for the top in high spirits the moment we arrived at the foot of the mountain. In course of the climb, we cooperated with each other to pass the rocky and steep areas. Laughing and cheering, we eventually reached the summit, we were greeted by the bright sunshine and fresh air. from the top, the city was beautiful. Bathed in the warm sunshine, we entertained with stories, songs, dances and .‎ This event was extremely beneficial for not only did we take a break from our heavy school workload, but we also learned how to cooperate. Therefore, we strongly suggest that similar events held every year!‎ 难项分析：‎ 第一处：outdoors→outdoor　考查形容词。outdoors意为“在露天，在户外”，是副词；outdoor意为“(在)户外的，(在)室外的”，是形容词，此处需要用形容词修饰名词。‎ 9‎ 第二处：joined后加in　考查介词。join的宾语一般是sb.或组织团体等，表示成为其中的一员。join in等于take part in，它们的宾语都是如比赛/竞赛/考试等各种各样的活动。‎ 第四处：去掉when　考查连词。“the moment＋句子”用来引导状语从句，意为“一……就”，所以去掉when。‎ ‎***‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 9‎