湖北省高考英语试题及其详细解析 17页

‎2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（湖北卷）‎ 第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）‎ 做题时，先将答案划在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。‎ 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）‎ 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。‎ ‎1. What is Linda?‎ ‎ A. A writer. B. A student. C. A teacher.‎ ‎2. What is the man afraid of?‎ A. Having an accident. B. Missing the interview. C. Saying something wrong.‎ ‎3. What does the woman want to do?‎ A. To return a jacket. B. To change a jacket. C. To buy another jacket.‎ ‎4. Why does the man feel upset?‎ A. A guy stole his clothes. B. He found his clothes ugly. C. Someone said he was ugly.‎ ‎5. What does the woman mean?‎ A. She disbelieves her son. ‎ B. She feels very sorry for her son.‎ C. She wants her son to use a new key.‎ 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）‎ 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。‎ ‎ 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。‎ ‎6. Why isn’t Jenny at the store?‎ A. She left work early. ‎ B. She’s late for work. ‎ C. She’s been out of work.‎ ‎7. How does the man feel about Jenny?‎ A. Angry. B. Curious. C. Concerned.‎ 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。‎ ‎8. What is lying on the railway tracks?‎ A. A man. B. A rock. C. A trunk.‎ ‎9. What are the speakers about to do?‎ A. To move the rock.‎ B. To wave the T-shirt.‎ ‎ C. To find something red.‎ 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。‎ ‎10. What does the man want to talk about?‎ A. Lucy’s poor health.‎ B. Lucy’s school education.‎ C. Lucy’s work performance.‎ ‎11. What did the customer at Table 4 do that annoyed Lucy?‎ A. He praised her.‎ B. He made a complaint.‎ C. He ordered the special offer.‎ ‎12. Why is Lucy in low spirits?‎ A. She hasn’t made a plan.‎ B. She hasn’t realized her dream.‎ ‎ C. She hasn’t become a good waitress.‎ 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。‎ ‎13. How does the woman think Mark feels?‎ A. Anxious. B. Unhappy. C. Frightened.‎ ‎14. What was Catherine doing when the speakers got home?‎ A. Reading her books.‎ B. Playing with her friends.‎ C. Chatting with the operator.‎ ‎15. What does the woman want to ensure?‎ A. Mark can pass the exam.‎ B. Mark can help people in need.‎ C. Mark can apply what he’s learned.‎ ‎16. What will the speakers do for Mark?‎ A. Keep a record of his reactions.‎ B. Create an unexpected situation.‎ C. Write down their own experiences.‎ 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。‎ ‎17. When did the magician first perform professionally?‎ A. In 1964. B. In 1968. C. In 1972.‎ ‎18. What made the magician world famous?‎ A. His TV show. B. His global tours. C. His teaching job.‎ ‎19. Which does the magician think is his greatest achievement?‎ A. Project Magic. B. Box office records. C. The Magic of ABC.‎ ‎20. How is the magician different from other magicians?‎ A. He practises hard.‎ B. He believes in wonder.‎ C. He started his career early.‎ 第二部分：词汇知识运用（共两节，满分30分） ‎ 第一节：多项选择（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ ‎21. Her ______ for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.‎ A. motivation B. qualification C. talent D. technique ‎ ‎22. When Richard said, “You are much more agreeable and prettier now,” Joan’s face turned red at the unexpected ______.‎ A. command B. comparison C. compliment D. contribution ‎ ‎23. Seeing the big crowd coming towards him, he started to run down the hill, but ______ and went down on his hands and knees in the melting snow.‎ A. slipped B. skied C. signalled D. sank ‎24. The old rules have to be ______ because they only applied to the circumstances that existed when they were made a hundred years ago.‎ A. developed B. established C. observed D. revised ‎ ‎25. I’ve been trying to phone Charles all evening, but there must be something wrong with the network; I can’t seem to ______.‎ A. get through B. get off C. get in D. get along ‎ ‎26. Is this your necklace, Mary? I ______ it when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning.‎ A. came across B. dealt with C. looked after D. went for ‎ ‎27. What was so ______ about Jasmine Westland’s victory was that she came first in the marathon bare-footed.‎ A. awful B. essential C. impressive D. obvious ‎ ‎28. Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase, she gave him a ______ smile and let him go.‎ A. cautious B. grateful C. tolerant D. wild ‎ ‎29. Hardly had Sabrina finished her words when Albert said ______, “Don’t be so mean,” pointing a finger of warning at her.‎ A. dreadfully B. guiltily C. indirectly D. sharply ‎ ‎30. Check carrots, potatoes, onions and any other vegetables ______ and immediately use or throw away any which show signs of rotting.‎ A. in demand B. in store C. on loan D. on sale 第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ ‎ When our restaurant business failed, we headed north in a camping truck to Texas, hoping to have a “fresh start”.‎ At the 31 of Palo Duro Canyon (峡谷) State Park, I 32 a job advertisement hiring park hosts. The position offered a 33 , permanent campsite in the park, and 34 , the hosts served as a link between the park’s guests and the rangers (护林人). It was the perfect solution: a rent-free place to reorganize our lives. We entered the park and I made an 35 for the following day.‎ The park was 36 , so it took us some time to find an available site. That evening, as we finished our dinner, my wife saw two large skunks (臭鼬) walking toward our table. We 37 climbed onto the table and, for the next four hours, waited for them to 38 our camp.‎ Having survived that night, we were 39 that everything else would be all right. The next day we met with the people who ran the park. They explained our 40 and gave us a beautiful campsite. ‎ That evening, 41 , we learned about the canyon 42 . They were strong and cold, rocking our little camping truck violently, and we lay 43 in the dark until the winds died away.‎ ‎ 44 the weeks that followed, we learned to survive in our truck and 45 the little money my wife 46 by substitute teaching. Building a successful business and then losing it had left very little time for building a successful 47 . For a time after our business 48 I thought I might lose my family as well. ‎ Living in the tiny 49 with no television, we sat close together reading and talking. One evening, standing under a jeweled sky, I found myself 50 for all the hardships. We had walked the trails and climbed the canyon walls. We had become a family! ‎ ‎31. A. back B. edge C. centre D. entrance ‎ ‎32. A. sponsored B. published C. noticed D. answered ‎ ‎33. A. safe B. free C. convenient D. beautiful ‎ ‎34. A. in return B. in time C. in short D. in turn ‎ ‎35. A. attempt B. agreement C. appeal D. appointment ‎ ‎36. A. crowded B. dangerous C. ideal D. quiet ‎ ‎37. A. repeatedly B. immediately C. eventually D. calmly ‎ ‎38. A. attack B. leave C. pass D. search ‎ ‎39. A. satisfied B. determined C. confident D. aware ‎ ‎40. A. responsibilities B. requirements C. circumstances D. conditions ‎41. A. moreover B. therefore C. meanwhile D. however ‎ ‎42. A. winds B. snows C. woods D. trails ‎ ‎43. A. shaking B. quarrelling C. mourning D. aching ‎ ‎44. A. After B. Between C. During D. Beyond ‎45. A. give away B. hand out C. live on D. put aside ‎ ‎46. A. borrowed B. earned C. posted D. raised ‎ ‎47. A. business B. career C. family D. image ‎48. A. started B. failed C. expanded D. declined ‎ ‎49. A. truck B. park C. house D. camp ‎ ‎50. A. desperate B. ready C. suitable D. thankful 第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A Before I had my son, I spent two years working with children with disabilities. I learned that shouting and threats of punishment would result in a disaster. Coming up against their behaviour could only make the job harder and their behaviour more extreme. I found something that worked, though.‎ There was a very naughty boy in the nursery and a teacher who was generally very confident with the children was asked to take charge of him. One day the boy joined a session in the room next to mine. His appearance created an atmosphere of tension. He spent the entire session running around, hitting and kicking, and destroying property.‎ I was in the craft room working with some other children when my co-worker told me that this boy’s teacher was in tears, and could not get control of the situation. As we were talking, the boy ran in. I told my co-worker that I would take care of him.‎ I closed the door. He was full of energy, throwing things around and making a huge mess. But I could see that he was doing all these to annoy me. He needed connection, and this was the only way he knew how to ask for it. So I sat back down and kept quiet. Then he slowed down and began making a rocket. I talked to him about it. We continued like this for a few minutes before I slipped into the conversation:‎ ‎“So what happened today?”‎ It was purely a question, no blame or anger in my tone. I believe that if I had criticized him, the gate that was slowly opening would have shut firmly closed. He told me that the teacher didn’t let him do what he knew well due to safety but asked him to do what he disliked. He also admitted that he had enjoyed making her run around and saw it as a game. I explained that his teacher had not seen it as a game and was very upset. This again was stated simply as a fact. I suggested that next time he had a session, he talk about what he hoped to do at the start, which might be easier for everyone. He agreed and was quiet for a moment. Then he looked at me with tears in his eyes before quietly asking if he could go to find his teacher to apologize. ‎ ‎51. The boy made trouble for his teacher because he ______.‎ A. was accused of destroying property B. was told not to yell at other children C. was made to do things against his will D. was blamed for creating an air of tension ‎52. Why didn’t the author do anything about the boy’s bad behavior at first?‎ A. She didn’t want to make it worse. B. She didn’t mind the huge mess at all.‎ C. She was tired of shouting and threats. D. She hadn’t thought of a coping strategy.‎ ‎53. The author managed to get the boy to talk to her by ______.‎ A. playing games with him B. giving him a good suggestion ‎ C. describing his teacher’s feelings D. avoiding making critical remarks ‎ ‎54. Why did the boy have tears in his eyes in the end? ‎ A. He was sorry about his reputation. ‎ B. He was regretful about his behavior.‎ C. He was fearful of the author’s warning. ‎ D. He was sad for the author’s misunderstanding.‎ B London’s newest skyscraper (摩天大楼) is called the Shard and it cost about 430 million pounds to build. At a height of almost 310 metres, it is the tallest building in Europe. The Shard has completely changed the appearance of London. However, not everyone thinks that it is a ‎ change for the better.‎ The Shard was designed by the famous Italian architect Renzo Piano. When he began designing the Shard for London, Piano wanted a very tall building that looked like a spire (尖顶). He wanted the glass surfaces to reflect the sky and the city. The sides of the building aren’t regular. So the building has an unusual shape. It looks like a very thin, sharp piece of broken glass. And that is how the building got the name: the Shard. Piano says that the spire shape of the Shard is part of a great London tradition. The shape reminds him of the spires of the churches of London or the tall masts (桅杆) of the ships that were once on the river Thames.‎ The Shard has 87 floors. At the top, there is an observatory. At the moment the building is empty, but eventually there will be a five-star hotel. There will also be top quality restaurants, apartments and offices.‎ Before building work began, a lot of people didn’t want the Shard though the plans were approved. Now they are still unhappy about the Shard. Some critics say that such a tall skyscraper might be good in a city like New York, but not in London. They say that the best thing about the Shard is its spire shape. But that is the only thing. There is no decoration, only flat surfaces. The Egyptians did that 4,500 years ago. They also think the Shard is too big for London. It destroys the beauty of the city.‎ Other critics don’t like what the Shard seems to represent. They say that the Shard shows how London is becoming more unequal. Only very rich people can afford to buy the expensive private apartments and stay in the hotel. But the people who live near the Shard are among the poorest in London. So the Shard seems a symbol of the division in society between the very rich and the poor.‎ The Shard now dominates the London skyline. It is not certain, however, that ordinary London citizens will ever accept it as a valuable addition to the city. ‎ ‎55. London’s newest skyscraper is called the Shard because of ______.‎ A. its cost B. its size C. its shape D. its height ‎ ‎56. When he designed the Shard, Piano wanted it to ______.‎ A. change London’s skyline B. inherit London’s tradition ‎ C. imitate the Egyptian style D. attract potential visitors ‎57. The critics who refer to social division think the Shard ______.‎ A. is only preferred by the rich B. is intended for wealthy people C. is far away from the poor area D. is popular only with Londoners ‎58. Which would be the best title for the passage?‎ A. The Shard: Cheers and Claps B. The Shard: Work of a Great Architect C. The Shard: New Symbol of London? D. The Shard: A Change for the Better?‎ C Working with a group of baboons (狒狒) in the Namibian desert, Dr. Alecia Carter of the Department of Zoology, Cambridge University set baboons learning tasks involving a novel food and a familiar food hidden in a box. Some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task, while others had to learn for themselves. To work out how brave or anxious the baboons were, Dr. Carter presented them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake.‎ She found that personality had a major impact on learning. The braver baboons learnt, but the ‎ shy ones did not learn the task although they watched the baboon perform the task of finding the novel food just as long as the brave ones did. In effect, despite being made aware of what to do, they were still too shy to do what the experienced baboon did.‎ The same held true for anxious baboons compared with calm ones. The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not, even though they spent more time watching.‎ This mismatch between collecting social information and using it shows that personality plays a key role in social learning in animals, something that has previously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things. The findings are significant because they suggest that animals may perform poorly in cognitive (认知的) tasks not because they aren’t clever enough to solve them, but because they are too shy or nervous to use the social information. ‎ The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning. If some individuals are unable to get information from others because they don’t associate with the knowledgeable individuals, or they are too shy to use the information once they have it, information may not travel between all group members, preventing the formation of a culture based on social learning. ‎ ‎59. What is the first paragraph mainly about? ‎ A. The design of Dr. Carter’s research. B. The results of Dr. Carter’s research.‎ C. The purpose of Dr. Carter’s research. D. The significance of Dr. Carter’s research.‎ ‎60. According to the research, which baboons are more likely to complete a new learning task?‎ A. Those that have more experience. B. Those that can avoid potential risks.‎ C. Those that like to work independently. D. Those that feel anxious about learning.‎ ‎61. Which best illustrates the “mismatch” mentioned in Paragraph 4?‎ A. Some baboons are intelligent but slow in learning.‎ B. Some baboons are shy but active in social activities.‎ C. Some baboons observe others but don’t follow them.‎ D. Some baboons perform new tasks but don’t concentrate.‎ ‎62. Dr. Carter’s findings indicate that our culture might be formed through ______.‎ A. storing information B. learning from each other ‎ C. understanding different people D. travelling between social groups ‎ D You’ve flown halfway around the world; you’ve sniffed out this place that nobody in Falongland or Thailand seems to have ever heard of; so what on earth is there to do here? You consider this question as you sink into an old wooden beach chair that holds you above the sand.‎ It was a long journey from Bangkok to Huaplee. By the time you found the bus station and got yourself sorted out, it took almost as long as the flight from Falongland.‎ Huaplee is located just south of Hua Hin, about two hundred kilometres from Bangkok, down the west side of the Gulf of Thailand. Not many tourists find this place, and the ones that do wonder if finding it has been their purpose all along.‎ There’s an apparent laziness that surrounds you here. It’s what this place offers, and it’s free of charge. The small waves that tap the shoreline seem to slow everything down. You settle into your beach chair in preparation for a long rest. You sit there and watch the sea.‎ It’s early afternoon, so the cook comes out and asks what you’d like to eat this evening. Before long he’s rushed off to the market to buy the ingredients for whatever it was that you ordered—every meal fresh and to order. No menu here.‎ There is no poolside noise here but just that wonderfully warm, clear blue sea. There’s no ‎ street noise. The only sounds are the murmurs of nature.‎ For now you just count your blessings (福祉), listing them in the sand with your toe (脚趾). You don’t have to worry about being late for work. You don’t have to do anything.‎ The beach to your right stretches off to the horizon (地平线), slowly narrowing to nothingness only to re-emerge again on your left, now steadily widening until it covers the chair beneath you. Sand to your left and sand to your right; it’s unbroken, endless. No start, no end, just sand, sun, and peace. Step off it, and you re-enter the world of traffic, stress, work, and hurry.‎ Normally you’re the type who can’t sit still for more than ten minutes, but you’re on Huaplee Lazy Beach now and, in the right frame of mind, it stretches all the way around the world.‎ ‎“How could it take me so long to find it?” you wonder. ‎ ‎63. When the author first went to Huaplee Beach, ______.‎ A. he found it unworthwhile B. he failed to sort himself out C. he became sensitive to smell D. he had difficulty in finding it ‎64. What is special about the food service at Huaplee Beach?‎ ‎ A. No menu. B. Free food. C. Self service. D. Quick delivery.‎ ‎65. In the author’s opinion, a tourist can enjoy Huaplee Beach most when he ______.‎ A. sits in a beach chair B. forgets his daily routine C. plans a detailed schedule D. draws pictures in the sand ‎66. What does the author imply by his question at the end of the passage?‎ A. He shouldn’t have counted his blessings.‎ B. He should have understood the wonder of nature.‎ C. He shouldn’t have spent so much time on the trip.‎ D. He should have come to the place earlier.‎ ‎ E ‎ For most city people, the elevator is an unremarkable machine that inspires none of the enthusiasm or interest that Americans afford trains, jets, and even bicycles. Dr. Christopher Wilk is a member of a small group of elevator experts who consider this a misunderstanding. Without the elevator, they point out, there could be no downtown skyscrapers or tall buildings, and city life as we know it would be impossible. In that sense, they argue, the elevator’s role in American history has been no less significant than that of cars. In fact, according to Wilk, the car and the elevator have been locked in a “secret war” for over a century, with cars making it possible for people to spread horizontally (水平地), and elevators pushing them toward life in close groups of towering vertical (垂直的) columns.‎ If we tend to ignore the significance of elevators, it might be because riding in them tends to be such a brief, boring, and even awkward experience—one that can involve unexpectedly meeting people with whom we have nothing in common, and an unpleasant awareness of the fact that we’re hanging from a cable in a long passage.‎ In a new book, Lifted, German journalist and cultural studies professor Andreas Bernard directed all his attention to this experience, studying the origins of elevator and its relationship to humankind and finding that riding in an elevator has never been a totally comfortable experience. “After 150 years, we are still not used to it,” Bernard said. “We still have not exactly learned to cope with the mixture of closeness and displeasure.” That mixture, according to Bernard, sets the elevator ride apart from just about every other situation we find ourselves in as we go about our lives.‎ ‎ Today, as the world’s urban population explodes, and cities become more crowded, taller, and more crowded, America’s total number of elevators—900,000 at last count, according to Elevator World magazine’s “2012 Vertical Transportation Industry”—are a force that’s becoming more important than ever. And for the people who really, really love them, it seems like high time that we looked seriously at just what kind of force they are. ‎ ‎67. What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 1 refer to?‎ A. The general view of elevators.‎ B. The particular interests of experts.‎ C. The desire for a remarkable machine.‎ D. The enthusiasm for transport vehicles.‎ ‎68. The author’s purpose in mentioning cars is ______.‎ ‎ A. to contrast their functions with elevators’‎ ‎ B. to emphasize the importance of elevators ‎ C. to reveal their secret war against elevators ‎ D. to explain people’s preference for elevators ‎69. According to Prof. Bernard, what has made the elevator ride different from other life experiences?‎ A. Vertical direction.‎ B. Lack of excitement.‎ C. Little physical space.‎ D. Uncomfortable conditions.‎ ‎70. The author urges readers to consider ______.‎ A. the exact number of elevator lovers ‎ B. the serious future situation of elevators ‎ C. the role of elevators in city development ‎ D. the relationship between cars and elevators 第四部分：书面表达（共两节，满分50分）‎ 第一节：完成句子（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）‎ 阅读下列各小题，根据汉语提示，用句末括号内的英语单词完成句子，并将答案写在答题卡上的相应题号后。‎ ‎71. The community college has to cut down on staff ______. (save)‎ 为了省钱，那所社区学院只好裁员。‎ ‎72. So far the well-known journalist ______ more than 4,000 interviews with famous people. (accumulate)‎ 迄今为止这位著名记者采访名人已累积达四千余人次。‎ ‎73. Sometimes ______ to use examples to explain abstract concepts. (helpful)‎ 有时候举例也许有助于解释抽象的概念。‎ ‎74. The police will reward ______ useful information to catch the robber. (provide)‎ 任何人提供有用信息帮助抓住劫匪，警方将予以奖励。‎ ‎75. He’s the only student in the class ______ to take part in the Model United Nations conference. (select)‎ 他是班上唯一被选上去参加模拟联合国大会的同学。‎ ‎76. No other technological development has had ______ as the growth of electronics on so many aspects of social, economic, and cultural development. (impact)‎ 没有哪项技术的发展像电子技术这样，对我们的社会、经济以及文化等诸多方面产生过如此重要的影响。‎ ‎77. You ______ the meeting to tell me that; you could have come to tell me afterwards. (interrupt)‎ 你不该打断会议来告诉我那件事，你本可以会后告诉我。‎ ‎78. This novel was once the ______ book in high schools in the United States. (read)‎ 这部小说曾经是美国高中阅读最广泛的书。‎ ‎79. The Public Square is an eye-catching sight of the city. ______ many stone sculptures of famous historical figures. (stand)‎ 大众广场是这个城市引人注目的景点，许多历史名人的石雕像矗立在那儿。‎ ‎80. It was several minutes ______ what he was saying. (take)‎ 过了好几分钟，我才理解他说的是什么。‎ 第二节：短文写作（共1题；满分30分）‎ 请根据以下提示，并结合具体事例，用英语写一篇短文。‎ Small things make a big difference. The small things we do can make us a responsible member of the society.‎ 注意：①无须写标题；‎ ‎②除诗歌外，文体不限；‎ ‎③内容必须结合你生活中的具体事例； ‎ ‎④文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；‎ ‎⑤词数不少于120，如引用提示语则不计入总词数。‎ ‎2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（湖北卷）‎ 英语试题答案 第一部分：听力（每小题1.5分，满分30分）‎ ‎1. C 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. A 6. A 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. C ‎11. A 12. B 13. C 14. C 15. C 16. B 17. B 18. A 19. A 20. B 第二部分：词汇知识运用 第一节：多项选择（每小题1分，满分10分）‎ ‎21. A 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. A 26. A 27. C 28. C 29. D 30. B 第二节：完形填空（每小题1分，满分20分）‎ ‎31. D 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. D 36. A 37. B 38. B 39. C 40. A ‎41. D 42. A 43. A 44. C 45. C 46. B 47. C 48. B 49. A 50. D 第三部分：阅读理解（每小题2分，满分40分）‎ A篇：51. C 52. A 53. D 54. B B篇：55. C 56. B 57. B 58. D C篇：59. A 60. D 61. C 62. B D篇：63. D 64. A 65. B 66. D E篇：67. A 68. B 69. C 70. C 第四部分：书面表达 第一节：完成句子（每小题2分，满分20分）‎ ‎71. (in order) to save money so as to save money ‎ ‎72. has accumulated ‎73. it might/may be helpful ‎74. whoever provides/has provided ‎75. that has been selected ‎ ‎76. such a great impact as great an impact ‎77. shouldn’t have interrupted oughtn’t to have interrupted ‎78. most widely read ‎79. There stand ‎80. before I could take in before I took in 第二节：短文写作（满分30分）‎ One Possible Version It isn’t hard to grow up into a responsible member of society. ‎ I can well remember an incident that happened on a rainy Sunday afternoon. I was on my way to the bookstore and was waiting for the green light at a crossing when a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car, which drove off quickly. A man immediately rushed to the girl to give her first aid and I joined in without hesitation. Luckily she was not badly injured and we sent her to the nearest hospital. Compared with the escaped driver, I am proud of what I did.‎ As a member of the society, I am aware that being responsible is what it takes to make a better society.‎ ‎21.【考点】考察名词词义辨析及上下文理解 ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】本题考察的是名词词义辨析。A动机，动力，诱因；B资格；C才能，才干；D技术；技巧；句意：她写作的动力是为了让女性得到更高教育的权利。根据本句后半句a desire for women to get the right to higher education可知叙述的是她为什么要进行写作，也就是她写作的动机。故A正确。‎ ‎【试题延伸】名词的词义辨析是湖北卷的必考点，要放在上下文的语境中进行，注意上下文的语义的串联以及逻辑关系的推理，特别要注意一些名词的固定搭配以及名词的深层次的含义的区别。尤其是一些拼写较为相似的名词在平时要加强辨析。‎ ‎22.【考点】考察名词词义辨析和语境串联 ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】本题考察名词词义辨析。A命令，指挥；B比较；C恭维，赞美，敬意；贺词；D贡献，捐助，捐赠；敬意：当Richard说：现在的你更令人愉快更漂亮。由于这个没有预料到恭维的Joan的脸变红了。根据引号里的“You are much more agreeable and prettier now,”可知这是Rechard对Joan的赞美。根据 句意说明C正确。‎ ‎23.【考点】考察动词词义辨析以及上下文理解 ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】本题考察的动词词义辨析。A滑倒；溜…；B滑雪，滑冰；C发信号；用动作示意；D沉没；下沉；句意：看见一大群人朝他跑了过来，他开始朝山下跑去，但是滑倒了，然后就在融化的雪里手和膝盖着地滚了下去。根据后面半句中的went down on his hands and knees in the melting snow可知他是从山上滚了下去，也就是说他要先滑倒在地。故A正确。‎ ‎24.【考点】考察动词词义辨析及上下文串联 ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考察动词词义辨析develop发展，establish建立，成立；observe观察，庆祝，遵守；revise修订，修正；句意：这些就的规则不得不被修订了，因为他们只适用于100年前这些规则被制定的时候所存在的情况。根据句意可知这些规则是很久之前就制定的，所以已经不适应现在的情况了，所以需要修改。故D正确。‎ ‎25.【考点】考察动词短语辨析和上下文语境串联 ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】本题考察动词get短语辨析。A完成；接通电话；度过；B出发；离开；C收割；插话；D相处，进展；句意：我一整个晚上都在打Charles的电话，但是网络出了问题，我似乎无法接通他的电话。根据there must be something wrong with the network可知电话网络出了问题，我无法接通他的电话。故A正确。‎ ‎26.【考点】考察动词短语辨析及上下文串联 ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】本题考察动词come的短语辨析。A遇见，发现；B处理，对付（与how连用）；C照顾，照料；D喜欢，适用于；句意：Mary，这是你的项链吗？今天早上我清理浴室的时候发现了它。根据句意说明我是在清理浴室的时候发现了这个项链的。故A正确。‎ ‎【试题延伸】动词短语是高考必考题，在平时的学习中要把同种类型的短语放在一起比较，如同一个动词+不同的介词/副词；同一个介词/副词+不同的动词。诸如此类的固定短语，属于最基本的知识，如果学生有错误，则应该加强背诵并平时多解题，进而加以巩固.‎ ‎27.【考点】考察形容词词义辨析及语境理解 ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】本题主要考察的是形容词词义辨析。A糟糕的，可怕的，极坏的；B必要的；基本的；D留有深刻印象的；D明显的，显然的；句意：关于Jasmine Westland的胜利给人印象最深刻的是他赤脚得到了马拉松比赛的第一名。根据句意Jasmine Westland赤脚获得第一名，这是最让人难忘的事情。故C项符合上下文串联。‎ ‎28.【考点】考察形容词词义辨析和语境理解 ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】本题主要考察形容词词义辨析。A谨慎的，小心的；B感激的：C宽容的；容忍的，忍受的；D野生的，野蛮的；句意：她并没有责备打破花瓶的那个孩子，相反她对他宽容地笑了一下，并让他离开了。根据Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase她并没有责备他，说明她很宽容。故C项正确。‎ ‎29.【考点】考察副词词义辨析及上下文串联 ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】本题主要考察副词词义辨析。A可怕地，恐怖地；B有罪地；内疚地；C简接地；D严厉地，明确地；句意：Sabrina一说完她的话，Albert就手指着她严厉地说“不要这么苛刻吧！”根据“Don’t be so mean,”不要这么苛刻。以及pointing a finger of warning at her。说明Albert说话的语气很严肃。故D正确。‎ ‎30.【考点】考察介词短语辨析及上下文串联 ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】本题主要考察的是介词短语辨析。A需要；B储存，将要发生；C借用，借贷；D廉价出售；句意：检查一下我们存储的胡萝卜，土豆，洋葱和其他的蔬菜，立刻把那些有腐烂迹象的用掉或者扔掉。根据句意可知是检查存储好的蔬菜。故B正确。‎ ‎【考点】考察故事类完型填空 ‎【文章大意】苦难是首歌！作者经营餐厅失败以后，全家坐着一辆货车去德克萨斯州重新开始生活。在一个野生公园里，他得到了一份工作。这份工作让他得到一个免费的宿营地，在经历了这一系列的苦难之后，他根据正是这困难让他们成为一家人。‎ ‎31.【答案】D ‎ ‎【试题解析】考察名词辨析及上下文串联。A后背，后面；B边缘；C中心；D入口处；根据文章第一段可知我的餐厅生意失败了，想来到德克萨斯州重新开始。在峡谷的入口处我看见了一则招聘广告。通常广告都要贴在人流量较大的地方。入口处符合这个要求。故D正确。‎ ‎32. 【答案】C ‎ ‎【试题解析】考察动词词义辨析及上下文串联。A赞助，倡议；B出版，发行；C注意到；D回答；在峡谷的入口处我看见了一则招聘广告。作者的生意失败，已经很潦倒了，不可能再去赞助出版一个广告。D项不符合上下文串联。只有C项表示我注意到了这则广告。‎ ‎33. 【答案】B ‎ ‎【试题解析】考察形容词辨析。A安全的；B免费的；C便利的，方便的；D美丽的；这个职位给我们在公园里免费提供了一个的永久的居住的营地。作者生意失败，经济很窘迫。免费的营地正是作者所需要的。‎ ‎34. 【答案】A ‎ ‎【试题解析】考察介词短语辨析及上下文理解。A作为回报；B及时，迟早；C简言之；D依次，轮流；对方给我们提供了免费的营地，作为回报，我要充当游客和护林人之间联系的纽带。这是一个交换关系。‎ ‎35. 【答案】D ‎ ‎【试题解析】考察名词辨析及上下文串联。A尝试，企图；B同意，协议；C上诉，呼吁；D约会，约定；对方给我们提供了免费的营地对我们来说是最好的解决目前情况的方法。所以我和对方越好第二天见面。‎ ‎36. 【答案】A ‎ ‎【试题解析】考察形容词辨析和上下文理解。A拥挤的；B危险的；C理想的；D安静的；根据下句it took us some time to find an available site我们花了一些时间才找到一个空闲的地方。这说明很多人都在这里宿营。故A项说明这个野生公园很拥挤是符合上下文语境的。‎ ‎37. 【答案】B ‎ ‎【试题解析】考察常识、副词辨析及上下文串联。A反复地；B立刻，马上；C最后，终于；D镇定地；平静地；本题是常识，那天晚上当我们吃饭的时候，两只很大的臭鼬朝我们的桌子走了过来，我们都很害怕所以，所以立刻都爬到桌子上去了。‎ ‎38. 【答案】B ‎ ‎【试题解析】考察动词辨析及上下文串联。A攻击，袭击；B离开；C通过，经过；D搜寻；我们都爬到了桌子上，在接下来的4个小时里，我们都在等着这两只臭鼬离开这里。‎ ‎39. 【答案】C ‎ ‎【试题解析】考察形容词辨析和语境理解。A满意的；B意志坚定的；C有信心的；D意识到的；知道的；根据后半句everything else would be all right可知我们有信心这件事情以后其他的事情都会很顺利的。故C项符合上下文串联。‎ ‎40. 【答案】A ‎ ‎【试题解析】考察名词词义辨析和上下文串联。A责任；B要求；C情况；D条件；第二天我们和公园的负责人见了面，他向我说明了我的工作的责任并给了我一块很漂亮的地方。本基金说明对方同意我做这份工作，那么要明确我所需要做的事情。‎ ‎41. 【答案】D ‎ ‎【试题解析】考察副词词义辨析及上下文理解。A而且；B因此；C与此同时；D然而；根据42空后They were strong and cold可知峡谷里的风又大又冷。这和美丽的峡谷恰恰相反，是我们没有预料到的事情，所以使用however表示转折。故D正确。‎ ‎42. 【答案】A ‎ ‎【试题解析】考察上下文串联。A风；B雪；C森林；树林；D足迹；根据43空后的until the winds died away可知峡谷里的风很大很冷。本段叙述的是峡谷的风。故A正确。‎ ‎43. 【答案】A ‎ ‎【试题解析】考察动词辨析和上下文串联。A颤抖；摇摆；B争吵；C哀痛；服丧；咕哝；D疼痛；前面一句They were strong and cold风很大很冷，我们躺在黑暗里因为寒冷而浑身发抖。故A正确。‎ ‎44. 【答案】C ‎ ‎【试题解析】连词介词连词辨析及上下文串联。A在…之后；B在…之间；C在…期间；D超过；句意：在接下来的几个星期里，我们学会了在如何在货车里生活下来。根据文章第一行in a camping truck他们是乘坐着一辆货车来到德克萨斯州的。‎ ‎45. 【答案】C ‎ ‎【试题解析】考察动词短语辨析及上下文串联。A赠送，泄露，出卖；B分发；C以…‎ 为生；靠…生活；D收拾，整理；放在一边，不管不顾；在接下来的几个星期里我们学会了如何在货车里生活下来，并学会了靠妻子做代课教师挣得的那一点点的钱生活。故C正确。‎ ‎46. 【答案】B ‎ ‎【试题解析】考察动词词义辨析及上下文串联。A借用；B挣得；C邮寄；D提高；在接下来的几个星期里我们学会了如何在货车里生活下来，并学会了靠妻子做代课教师挣得的那一点点的钱生活。‎ ‎47. 【答案】C ‎ ‎【试题解析】考察名词词义辨析及上下文串联。A生意；B生涯，事业；C家庭；D形象；根据下一行 I thought I might lose my family as well.而卧认为也许我会失去我的家庭。可知作者经营餐厅失败让作者没有时间来经营自己的家庭。‎ ‎48. 【答案】B ‎ ‎【试题解析】考察上下文串联。根据文章第一段When our restaurant business failed, we headed north in a camping truck to Texas, hoping to have a “fresh start”可知我的经营餐厅的生意失败了。本句说明这次失败让我感觉到我们也许会失去自己的家庭。‎ ‎49. 【答案】A ‎ ‎【试题解析】考察上下文串联。A货车；B公园；C房子；D营地；根据文章第一句we headed north in a camping truck to Texas,和42空rocking our little camping truck violently可知我们被迫生活在一辆货车里。故A正确。‎ ‎50. 【答案】D ‎ ‎【试题解析】考察形容词辨析及语境理解。经营：一天晚上站在满天的星星下面，我认为自己应该感谢所有经历的这些苦难，我们走过了最困难的日子也翻越了公园的围墙，我们在困难中成为真正的一家人。‎ ‎【考点】考察文化教育类阅读 ‎【文章大意】作者在本文中通过教育一个小男孩，让他认识到自己的错误告诉我们人与人之间需要的是沟通和理解。只有正确的沟通和理解才可以解决一切的问题。‎ ‎51. 【答案】C 细节题。根据文章最后一段2,3行He told me that the teacher didn’t let him do what he knew well due to safety but asked him to do what he disliked.他告诉我们老师没有让他做他喜欢的事情，反而让他做了他不喜欢的事情。这才是他捣乱的原因。故C正确。‎ ‎52. 【答案】A 推理题。根据文章第四段2,3,4行But I could see that he was doing all these to annoy me. He needed connection, and this was the only way he knew how to ask for it. So I sat back down and kept quiet. Then he slowed down and began making a rocket.我知道他捣乱是想激怒我。实际上他需要沟通。如果我在不了解情况下立刻采取措施，可能会让事情更糟糕，所以我很冷静。故A正确。‎ ‎53. 【答案】D 推理题。根据最后一段1,2行It was purely a question, no blame or anger in my tone. I believe that if I had criticized him, the gate that was slowly opening would have shut firmly closed如果我批评他，那么他对我打开的那扇门就又要关闭上了。说明作者在和他沟通的时候，避免使用批评的语气。故D正确。‎ ‎54. 【答案】B 推理题。根据文章最后一句Then he looked at me with tears in his eyes before quietly asking if he could go to find his teacher to apologize.他问我是否可以向老师道歉，说明他已经意识到自己的错误了。对于自己所犯的错误他很后悔遗憾，所以B项正确。‎ ‎【考点】考察新闻报道类阅读 ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了伦敦最新的摩天大楼the Shard，以及它的形状和设计理念。同时还讲述了人们对于这栋大楼的不同的看法。很多人都反对这栋大楼，说它并没有向一个好的方向改变。‎ ‎55. 【答案】C ‎ ‎【试题解析】细节题。根据第二段3,4,5行He wanted the glass surfaces to reflect the sky and the city. The sides of the building aren’t regular. So the building has an unusual shape. It looks like a very thin, sharp piece of broken glass. And that is how the building got the name: the Shard.可知摩天大楼the Shard得到自己的名字是因为它的形状。故C 正确。‎ ‎56. 【答案】B ‎ 【试题解析】推理题。根据第二段后三行Piano says that the spire shape of the Shard is part of a great London tradition. The shape reminds him of the spires of the churches of London or the tall masts (桅杆) of the ships that were once on the river Thames.可知他把这座摩天大楼设计成这个形状是为了让它成为伦敦的传统的一部分，也就是说让它继承伦敦的传统。故B正确。‎ ‎57. 【答案】B ‎ ‎【试题解析】推理题。根据文章倒数第二段2,3,4行They say that the Shard shows how London is becoming more unequal. Only very rich people can afford to buy the expensive private apartments and stay in the hotel. But the people who live near the Shard are among the poorest in London.可知一些批评家认为这座大楼只是为那些富有的人而设计的。居住在这栋大楼附近的人都没有能力享受它。它是社会不公平的代表。故B正确。‎ ‎58. 【答案】D ‎ ‎【试题解析】主旨大意题。本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了伦敦最新的摩天大楼the Shard，以及它的形状和设计理念。同时还讲述了人们对于这栋大楼的不同的看法。根据第一段最后一句However, not everyone thinks that it is a change for the better.很多人都反对这栋大楼，说它并没有向一个好的方向改变。故D项符合文章的主题。‎ ‎【考点】考察科普知识类阅读 ‎【文章大意】本文通过叙述Dr. Alecia Carter在狒狒身上进行的一项研究显示动物的性格在社会化的学习中起着很重要的作用。同样人类也与此相似，我们的文化的形成正是通过交换信息等社会学习活动。‎ ‎59. 【答案】A ‎ ‎【试题解析】段落大意题。根据第一段2,3,4行Dr. Alecia Carter of the Department of Zoology, Cambridge University set baboons learning tasks involving a novel food and a familiar food hidden in a box. Some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task, while others had to learn for themselves.可知本段主要描述他进行的这项研究的设计方案，也就是他在这项研究里是如何做的。故A正确。‎ ‎60. 【答案】D ‎ ‎【试题解析】细节题。根据第三段第2句The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not, even though they spent more time watching.可知那些很焦虑的急切想学习的狒狒学得更快，更好。而那些害羞的狒狒却没有能够做到。故D正确。‎ ‎61. 【答案】C ‎ ‎【试题解析】推理题。根据第三段The same held true for anxious baboons compared with calm ones. The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not, even though they spent more time watching.可知一些狒狒虽然观察了很长时间，但是并没有采取行动。这一错位说明性格在动物的社会行为中起着很重要的作用。第四段里的mismatch就是指第三段最后一句while those who were relaxed did not, even though they spent more time watching.的内容。故C正确。‎ ‎62. 【答案】B ‎ ‎【试题解析】推理题。根据文章最后一段第一句The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning可知人们是通过社会学习来理解我们文化的组成的。也就是说人们需要相互交换信息，相互学习。故B正确。‎ ‎【考点】考察广告应用类阅读 ‎【文章大意】本文叙述了泰国美丽的海滨度假胜地Huaplee，作者描述了这里美丽的景色，可口的饭菜以及缓慢的生活节奏。目的在于吸引更多的人来到这里。‎ ‎63. 【答案】D ‎ ‎【试题解析】推理题。根据文章2,3段It was a long journey from Bangkok to Huaplee. By the time you found the bus station and got yourself sorted out, it took almost as long as the flight from Falongland.和Not many tourists find this place, and the ones that do wonder if finding it has been their purpose all along.可知从曼谷去那里要花很长的时间，而且很受有游客能够找到这个地方。作者第一次去也花了很长的时间。故D正确。‎ ‎64. 【答案】A ‎ ‎【试题解析】细节题。根据文章第五段It’s early afternoon, so the cook comes out and asks what you’d like to eat this evening. Before long he’s rushed off to the market to buy the ingredients for whatever it was that you ordered—every meal fresh and to order. No menu here.可知在这里吃饭，是没有菜单的。都是量身定做的，故A正确。‎ ‎65. 【答案】B ‎ ‎【试题解析】推理题。根据文章倒数第二段Normally you’re the type who can’t sit still for more than ten minutes, but you’re on Huaplee Lazy Beach now and, in the right frame of mind, it stretches all the way around the world.可知如果你正常是一个很难停下来很忙碌的人，那么来到这里，你就应该忘记一切，享受大自然的美丽。故B正确。‎ ‎66. 【答案】D ‎ ‎【试题解析】推理题。根据文章最后一段之前的描述可知这里的风景迷人，饭菜可口，生活惬意。作者后悔很晚才发现有这样的地方。故D正确。‎ ‎【考点】考察社会生活类阅读 ‎【文章大意】作者在本文中通过Dr. Christopher Wilk告诉我们电梯在美国人的生活中是非常重要的。随着城市规模的扩大，电梯的实使用越来越多。人们要更加关注电梯的作用。‎ ‎67. 【答案】A ‎ ‎【试题解析】推理题。根据文章1,2行For most city people, the elevator is an unremarkable machine that inspires none of the enthusiasm or interest that Americans afford trains, jets, and even bicycles.可知大部分人都认为电梯是不值得关注的机器。而Dr. Christopher Wilk认为这是一种错误的想法，他认为电梯和汽车几乎同样重要。故this就是在指大众对于电梯的错误的看法，故A正确。‎ ‎68. 【答案】B ‎ ‎【试题解析】主旨大意题。作者在本文中通过Dr. Christopher Wilk告诉我们电梯在美国人的生活中是非常重要的。再根据文章最后一段And for the people who really, really love them, it seems like high time that we looked seriously at just what kind of force they are.作者提醒我们要认真注意电梯的作用。所以作者写作本文就是为了告诉我们电梯的作用。故B正确。‎ ‎69. 【答案】C ‎ ‎【试题解析】推理题。本题较难。根据第三段3,4，5行that riding in an elevator has never been a totally comfortable experience. “After 150 years, we are still not used to it,” Bernard said. “We still have not exactly learned to cope with the mixture of closeness and displeasure.”‎ 可知人们陈祚电梯的时候感觉这不是很愉快，注意是因为电梯里的冷漠和不愉快。而这主要是因为电梯里的空间太小，给人各种压抑感。本题也可以使用排除法。故C正确。‎ ‎70. 【答案】C ‎ ‎【试题解析】推理题。根据文章最后一段前4行Today, as the world’s urban population explodes, and cities become more crowded, taller, and more crowded, America’s total number of elevators—900,000 at last count, according to Elevator World magazine’s “2012 Vertical Transportation Industry”—are a force that’s becoming more important than ever.可知随着城市规模的扩大，电梯的实使用越来越多。人们要更加关注电梯的作用。故C正确。‎ ‎71. 【答案】 (in order) to save money so as to save money ‎ ‎【试题解析】本句考察的不定式作为目的状语，不定式做目的状语是不定式最重要的用法，可以单独放在句首，也可以放在句末。‎ ‎72. 【答案】has accumulated ‎【试题解析】本题的关键词是so far到目前为止，该时间状语经常要和现在完成时连用，表示到目前为止所发生的事情。‎ ‎73. 【答案】 it might/may be helpful ‎【试题解析】本句考察的是it作为形式主语，而把真正的主语to use examples to explain abstract concepts放在句末。同时使用情态动词may/might表示不提爱确定的可能性。‎ ‎74. 【答案】 whoever provides/has provided ‎【试题解析】本句考察的是名词性从句中的宾语从句，“特殊疑问词+ever”既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句。本题中的whoever引导的是宾语从句，whoever在句中做主语。‎ ‎75. 【答案】 that has been selected ‎ ‎【试题解析】本句考察的是定语从句，当定语从句的先行词是指物的名词，且前面有the only修饰的时候，要使用的关系代词是that，本句的先行词是the only student是一个单数形式，使用使用现在完成时的单数形式表示已经被选中。‎ ‎76. 【答案】such a great impact as great an impact ‎【试题解析】本句是一个定语从句，当先行词前面有such或者as many/much等修饰的时候，可以使用关系代词as指代先行词引导起定语从句。‎ ‎77. 【答案】shouldn’t have interrupted oughtn’t to have interrupted ‎【试题解析】本句考察的是对过去情况的虚拟，使用“情态动词+have done”的形式。本句中的shouldn’t have done表示本不应该做某事，实际上却做了。‎ ‎78. 【答案】 most widely read ‎【试题解析】本句考察的复合形容词组的构成法，most修饰wildly read，其中的read是一个过去分词表示被动。‎ ‎79. 【答案】 There stand ‎【试题解析】本句是一个全部倒装句，当副词there位于句首，且主语是名词的时候，要把谓语动词移到主语的前面，形成全部倒装的形式。因为本句中的动词是矗立，所以使用了stand。‎ ‎80. 【答案】 before I could take in before I took in ‎【试题解析】本句考察的是固定句式：It ‎ be+一段时间+before从句，表示一段时间以后某事才发生。有两种时态的构成法。前后读使用过去时，或者before后面使用一般现在时，前面的主句使用将来时。‎ ‎【考点】考察开放性作文 ‎【写作指导】‎ 本文属于开放性作文，要求我们就：我们做的微小的事情都可以对我们的社会产生很大的影响。告诉我们要关注生活中的小事。仍然属于议论文，可以使用一般现在时和第三人称。当然也可以写成记叙文，叙述一件小事让我们懂得要关注细节。‎ 要点：1.叙述生活中发生的一件小事；以及这件小事对我们产生的影响。2.说明任何一件小事都会对我们的社会产生很大的影响。告诉我们要重视这样的小事。‎ 首先要选择自己熟悉的短语或者句型，在你的能力范围之内，选择句式时要赋予变化，因为这样你才可以更好的驾驭。同时也要选择合适的连接词，把各个要点组织成一个完整的整体，如besides, further, last but not least等。在发表个人观点的时候，可以使用谚语来提升整个文章的档次和文采，也能增加得高分的可能性。‎