高考真题——英语北京卷解析 24页

绝密★启用前 ‎ 2016年普通高等学校全国统一考试（北京卷）‎ 英语 本试卷共16页，共150分。考试时间为120分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。‎ 第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分）‎ 第一节单项填空（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，共 15 分）‎ 从每题所给的 ABCD 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ 例：It’s so nice to hear from her again ________,we last met more than thirty years ago.‎ A. What’s more B.That’s to say ‎ C.In other words D.Believe it or not 答案是D。‎ ‎21.Jackin the lab when the power cut occurred.‎ A.works B.has worked C.was working D.would work ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：题目考查时态。句意：突然断电时，杰克正在实验室里工作。根据occurred可知，这里指过去发生的事情，断电时，杰克正在工作，综合用过去进行时，故选C。‎ 考点：考查时态 ‎22.I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.‎ A.whose B.why C.where D.which ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：题目考查定语从句的关系词。a couple是先行词，这对夫妻的孩子很吵，children和couple是所属关系，故用whose作定语，相当于the children of whom，故选A。‎ 考点：考查定语从句 ‎23.—Excuse me,which movie are you waiting for?‎ ‎—The new Star Wars.Wehere for more than two hours.‎ A.waited B.wait C.would be waiting D.have been waiting ‎【答案】D 考点：考查时态 ‎24.Your support is important to our work.you can do helps.‎ A.However B.Whoever C.Whatever D.Wherever ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：题目考查主语从句。Helps是谓语，“you can do”是主语部分，即主语从句，在主语从句中，do后缺少宾语，因此用whatever引导，故选C。‎ 考点：考查主语从句 ‎25.Ihalf of the English novel,and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.‎ A.read B.have read C.am reading D.will read ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：题目考查时态。句意：我已经看完了这本英文小说的一半，周末把另一半看完。发生在过去的动作，对现在产生影响，用现在完成时。“看小说”这一动作发生在过去，到目前为止看了一半，故用完成时，故选B。‎ 考点：考查时态 ‎26.it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand.‎ A. Made B. Make C. Making D. To make ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：题目考查不定式作目的状语。句意：为了更方便地联系到我们，你最好随身带着这张卡片。根据句意可知，这里是目的状语，表目的用动词不定式，故选D。‎ 考点：考查不定式作目的状语 ‎27.My grandfather still plays tennis now and then,he’s in his nineties.‎ A.as long as B.as if C. even though D.in case ‎【答案】C 考点：考查状语从句 ‎28.______ over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.‎ A. Ordering B. To order C. Having ordered D. Ordered ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：题目考查过去分词作状语。句意：(因为)那些书是一周多之前订的，现在随时有可能送到。Books和order是动宾关系，即order books/books are ordered，故用过去分词表示被动和完成，在此相当于原因状语从句because they were ordered...，故选D。‎ 考点：考查过去分词作状语 ‎29.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _____ one can be entirely free from dust.‎ A. what B. that C. whether D. why ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：题目考查表语从句。句意：雨季最令人愉悦的就是人们可以完全不再受到沙尘的困扰。Is后跟从句作表语，即表语从句，表语从句不缺少主语、谓语和宾语，因此用that，只起引导作用，故选B。‎ 考点：考查表语从句 ‎30.The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts______ success in the end.‎ A. rewarded B. were rewarded C. will reward D. will be rewarded ‎【答案】D 考点：考查时态和语态 ‎31.I love the weekend,because I_____ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.‎ A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. wouldn’t D. shouldn’t ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：题目考查情态动词。句意：我喜欢周末，因为周六和周日我不需要早起。A. needn’t不需要；B. mustn’t禁止；C. wouldn’t不愿；D. shouldn’t不应该。根据句意可知，周六、周日不用早起，故选A。‎ 考点：考查情态动词 ‎32.Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, _______ the old town into a dreamland.‎ A. turn B. turning C. to turn D. turned ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：题目考查现在分词表伴随状况。句意：新建的木屋林立在街道的两旁，使古镇变成了一个梦幻之地。turn的逻辑主语是cottages，两者是主动关系，故用现在分词，表示主动和伴随，故选B。‎ 考点：考查现在分词 ‎33.I really enjoy listening to music ___ it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.‎ A. because B.before C. unless D. until ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：题目考查原因状语从句。句意：我非常喜欢听音乐，因为它能让我放松，使我不去想其它的事情。前后是因果关系，故选A。‎ 考点：考查 ‎34.Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you ___ me, I could have helped.‎ A. told B. had told C. were to tell D. would tell ‎【答案】B 考点：考查虚拟语气 ‎35.I am not afraid of tomorrow, ______ I have seen yesterday and I love today.‎ A. so B. and C. for D. but ‎【答案】C 考点：考查并列连词 第二节完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分）‎ 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上讲该项涂黑。‎ A Race Against Death It was a cold January in 1925 in North Alaska. The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow.‎ On the 20th of that month, Dr.Welch 36 a Sick boy, Billy, and knew he had diphtheria, a ‎ deadly infectious(传染的)disease mainly affecting children. The children of Nome would be 37 if it struck the town. Dr.Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick. 38 , the closest supply was over 1,000 miles away, in Anchorage.‎ How could the medicine get to Nome? The town`s 39 was already full of ice, so it couldn`t come by ship. Cars and horses couldn’t travel on the 40 roads. Jet airplanes and big trucks didn’t exist yet.‎ ‎ 41 January 26, Billy and three other children had died. Twemty more were 42 . Nome`s town officials came up with a(n) 43 . They would have the medicine sent by 44 from Anchorage to Nenana. From there, dogeled(狗拉雪橇)drivers—known as “mushers”—would 45 it to Nome in a relay(接力).‎ The race began on January 27. The first musher, Shannon, picked up the medicine from the train at Nenana and rode all night. 46 he handed the medicine to the next musher, Shannon`s face was black from the extreme cold.‎ On January 31,a musher named Seppala had to 47 a frozen body of water called Norton Sound .It was the most 48 part of the journey. Norton Sound was covered with ice,which could sometimes break up without warning.If that happened,Seppala might fall into the icy water below.He would 49 ,and so would the sick children of Nome.But Seppala made it across.‎ A huge snowstorm hit on February 1.Amusher named Kaasen had to brave this storm.At one point,huge piles of sonw blocked his 50 .He had to leave the trail (雪橇痕迹)to get around them.Conditions were so bad that it was impossible for him to 51 the trail again. The only hope was Balto,Kaasen’s lead dog, Balto put his nose to the ground, 52 to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail.If Balto failed,it would mean disaster for Nome.The minutes passed by.Suddenly, Balto began to 53 .He had foung the trail.‎ At 5:30 am on February 2, Kaasen and his dog 54 in Nome. Within minutes,Dr.Welch had the medicine.He quickly gave it to the sick children.All of them recoverd.‎ Nome had been 55 .‎ ‎36.A.examined B.warned C.interviewed D.cured ‎37.A.harmless B.helpless C. fearless D.careless ‎38.A.Moreover B.Therefore C.Otherwise D.However ‎39.A.airport B.station C. harbor D.border ‎40.A.narrow B. snowy C.busy D.dirty ‎41.A.From B.On C.By D.After ‎42.A.tired B.upset C. pale D.sick ‎43.A.plan B.excuse C.message D.topic ‎44.A.air B.rail C. sea D.road ‎45.A.carry B.return C. mail D.give ‎46.A.Though B.Since C. When D.If ‎47.A.enter B.move C. visit D.cross ‎48.A.shameful B.boring C.dangerous D.foolish ‎49.A.escape B.bleed C. swim D.die ‎50.A.memory B.exit C.way D.destination ‎51.A.find B.fix C. pass D.change ‎52.A.pretending B.trying C. asking D.learning ‎53.A.run B.leave C. bite D.play ‎54.A.gathered B.stayed C. camped D.arrived ‎55.A.controlled B.saved C.founded D.developed ‎【答案】‎ ‎36.A ‎37.B ‎38.D ‎39.C ‎40.B ‎41.C ‎42.D ‎43.A ‎44.B ‎45.A ‎46.C ‎47.D ‎48.C ‎49.D ‎50.C ‎51.A ‎52.B ‎53.A ‎54.D ‎55.B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：文章讲述了一个人们接力运送药物来救患病儿童的感人故事。1925年1月份的阿拉斯加北部极其寒冷，由于大雪，诺姆小镇与外界隔绝了。雪上加霜的是，那里的孩子患上了一种致命的传染病--白喉。为了拯救孩子们，人们接力运送药品到诺姆。最终，人们通过狗拉的雪橇把药物送到了诺姆。‎ ‎39.C考查名词辨析。A.airport机场； B.station车站；C. harbor 港口；D.border边境。根据“so it couldn’t come by ship”可知，这里指港口结冰，故选C。‎ ‎40.B考查形容词辨析。A.narrow狭窄的；B. snowy被雪覆盖的；C.busy繁忙的；D.dirty脏的。根据第一段可知，大雪覆盖了道路，汽车和马都不能通行，故选B。‎ ‎41.C考查介词辨析。A.From从，自；B.On在......上面；C.By通过，在......之前；D.After在......之后。By+时间，与完成时连用，后跟过去的时间，用过去完成时；跟将来的时间，用将来完成时，故选C。‎ ‎42.D考查形容词辨析。A.tired劳累的；B.upset难过的；C. pale苍白的；D.sick生病的。四个孩子相继去世，还有20几个患病，故选D。‎ ‎43.A考查名词辨析。A.plan计划；B.excuse借口；C.message信息；D.topic话题。当地的官员想到了一个计划，故选A。‎ ‎44.B考查名词辨析。A.air空气；B.rail栏杆，铁轨；C. sea海洋；D.road道路。根据下一段“from the train at Nenana”可知，药物被用火车运到Nenana，故选B。‎ ‎45.A考查动词辨析。A.carry运送，携带；B.return返回，归还；C. mail邮寄；D.give给。然后再由乘坐狗拉的雪橇的人把药物接力送到诺姆，故选A。‎ ‎46.C考查时间状语从句。A.Though虽然；B.Since因为，自从；C. When当；D.If如果。当他把药物交给下一个人时，他的脸已经被冻得乌青，故选C。‎ ‎47.D考查动词辨析。A.enter进入；B.move移动；C. visit拜访；D.cross穿过。根据“Norton Sound was covered with ice”可知，Norton Sound是一片冰冻的水域，Seppala必须穿过这片水域，故选D。‎ ‎48.C考查形容词辨析。A.shameful惭愧的；B.boring令人厌烦的；C.dangerous危险的；D.foolish愚蠢的。根据“which could sometimes break up without warning”可知，这是旅途最难的一部分，故选C。‎ ‎52.B考查动词辨析。A.pretending假装；B.trying努力；C. asking问，要求；D.learning学会。Seppala的雪橇狗努力嗅着其它狗的味道，故选B。‎ ‎53.A考查动词辨析。A.run跑；B.leave离开；C. bite咬；D.play玩耍。Seppala的雪橇狗找到了轨道，开始奔跑起来，故选A。‎ ‎54.D考查动词辨析。A.gathered聚集；B.stayed保持；C. camped露营，借住；D.arrived到达。arrive in sp到达某地，这里指终于到达诺姆，故选D。‎ ‎55.B考查动词辨析。A.controlled控制；B.saved拯救； C.founded建立；D.developed发展。所有的孩子得到了救治，诺姆活了下来，故选B。‎ 考点：人物故事类短文阅读 第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，20 分）‎ 第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共 30 分）‎ 阅读下列短文：从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，将正确的选项涂在答题卡上。‎ A Dear Alfred, ‎ I want to tell you how important your help is to my life.‎ Growing up, I had people telling me I was too slow, though, with an IQ of 150 at 17, I’m anything but stupid. The fact was that I was found to have ADIID(注意力缺陷多动障碍). Anxious all the time, I was unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time.‎ However, when something did interest me, I could become absorbed. In high school, I became curious about the computer, and built my first website. Moreover, I completed the senior course of Computer Basics, plus five relevant pre-college courses.‎ While I was exploring my curiosity, my disease got worse. I wanted to go to college after high school, but couldn’t . So, I was killing my time at home until June 2012 when I discovered the online computer courses of your training center.‎ Since then, I have taken courses like Data Science and Advanced Mathematics. Currently, I’m learning your Probability course. I have hundreds of printer paper, covered in self-written notes from your video. This has given me a purpose.‎ Last year, I spent all my time looking for a job where, without dealing with the public , I could work alone, but still have a team to talk to. Luckily, I discovered the job—Data Analyst—this month and have been going full steam ahead. I want to prove that I can teach myself a respectful profession, without going to college, and be just as good as, if not better than, my competitors.‎ Thank you. You’ve given me hope that I can follow my heart. For the first time, I feel good about myself because I’m doing something, not because someone told me I was doing good. I feel whole.‎ This is why you’re saving my life.‎ Yours,‎ Tanis ‎56.why did’t Tanis go to college after high school?‎ A.She had learned enough about computer science B. She had more difficulty keeping foucesed C.She preferred taking online courses D.She was too slow to learn ‎57.AS for the working environment,Tains prefers____.‎ A .working by herself B.dealing with the public C.competing against others D.staying with ADHD students ‎58.Tanis wrote this letter in order to_____.‎ A.explain why she was interested in the computer B.share the ideas she had for her profession ‎ C .show how grateful she was to the center D.describe the courses she had taken so far ‎【答案】‎ ‎56.B ‎57.A ‎58.C 考点：人物故事类短文阅读 B Surviving Hurricane Sandy(飓风桑迪)‎ Natalie Doan,14, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York. Living just a few blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the wave from her house. “It’s the ocean that makes Rockaway so special,” she says.‎ On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalie’s family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city’s bridge closed.‎ When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalie’s friends had lost their homes and were living far away. All around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly. Natalie’s school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.‎ In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings.‎ ‎“My mom tells me that I can’t control what happens to me,” Natalie says. “but I can always choose how I deal with it.”‎ Natalie’s choice was to help.‎ She created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help. Natalie posted introduction about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collecting when his house burned down. Within days, Patrick’s collection was replaced.‎ In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: Christopher, who received a new basketball; Charlie, who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much-need supplies to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.‎ Today, the scars(创痕)of destruction are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air. The streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt. “I can’t imagine living anywhere but Rockaway,” Natalie declares. “My neighborhood will be back, even stronger than before.”‎ ‎59.When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane ,she found______.‎ A.some friends had lost their lives B.her neighborhood was destroyed C.her school had moved to Brooklyn D.the elderly were free from suffering ‎60.According to paragraph4,who inspired Natalie most?‎ A.The people helping Rockaway rebuild B.The people trapped in high_rise building C.The volunteers donating money to survivors D.Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people ‎61.How did Natalie help the survivors?‎ A.She gave her toys to the kids B.She took care of younger children C.She called on the White House to help D.She built an information sharing platform ‎62.What does the story intend to tell us?‎ A.Little people can make a big difference B.A friend in need is a friend indeed C.East or West,home is best D.Technology is power ‎【答案】‎ ‎59.B ‎60.A ‎61.D ‎62.A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：Natalie是一个14岁的孩子，她生活的地方Brooklyn遭到了飓风桑迪的袭击，受灾严重。看到人们在帮助家乡重建，Natalie也加入了进去，Natalie创建网站来分享求助信息，帮助捐赠者找到需要的受助者。Natalie的行为得到了社会的认可和表扬。‎ ‎59.B段落大意题。A项未提及；根据第三段“Natalie’s school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn”可知，学校没有搬走，而是暂时去Brooklyn上学，排除C；根据“people were suffering, especially the elderly”排除D；根据“When they returned ‎ to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins.”可知，他们的街区被飓风毁了，故选B。‎ ‎62.A写作意图题。根据倒数第二段“Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.”可知，Natalie的助人行为得到了社会的认可和赞扬，说明小人物也可以有大作为，故选A。‎ 考点：人物故事类短文阅读。‎ C California Condor’s Shocking Recovery California condors are North America’s largest birds, with wing-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s, electrical lines and lead poisoning(铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.‎ In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico.‎ Electrical lines have been killing them off. “As they go in to rest for the night, they just don’t see the power lines,” says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once.‎ So scientists have come up with a shocking idea. Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock. Before the training was introduced, 66% of set-freed condors died of electrocution. This has now dropped to 18%.‎ Lead poisonous has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead. This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney(肾) failures and death. So condors with ‎ high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. This work is starting to pay off. The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011. ‎ ‎ Rideout’s team thinks that the California condors’ average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years. “Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now,” he says. “They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them. ”‎ ‎63.California condors attract researchers’ interest because they .‎ A.are active at night B.had to be bred in the wild C.are found on in California D.almost died out in the 1980s ‎64.Researchers have found electrical lines are.‎ A.blocking condors’ journey home ‎ B. big killers of Califorbnia condoras C. rest places for condors at night D. used to keep condors away ‎65.According to Paraghaph 5 ,lead poisoning.‎ A.makes condors too nervous to fly ‎ B. has little effect on condors’ kidneys C. can hardly be gotten rid of form condors’ blood D. makes it different for condors to produce baby birds ‎66.The passage shows that .‎ A.the average survival time of condors is satisfactory B.Rideout’s research interest lies in electric engineering C.the efforts to protect condors have brought good results D.researchers have found the final answers to the problem ‎【答案】‎ ‎63.D ‎64.B ‎65.D ‎66.C 考点：环保类短文阅读 D Why College Is Not Home The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of today’s students and are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.‎ For previous generations, college was decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed help from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cellphones, email and social ‎ media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passagefrom the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.‎ To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves “trying on ” new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually(在思维方面) and personally. While we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered on debate and questioning.‎ Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community(群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.‎ Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.‎ It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescent’s desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.‎ Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.‎ ‎67.What’s the author’s attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students?‎ A.Sympathetic B.Disapproving C.Supportive D.Neutral ‎68.The underlined word “passage” in Paragraph 2 means.‎ A.change B.choice C.text D.extension ‎69.According to the author,what role should college play?‎ A.to develop a shared identity among students B.to define and regulate students’ social behavior C.To provide a safe world without tension for students ‎ D.To foster students’ intellectual and personal development ‎70.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎67.B ‎68.A ‎69.D ‎70.C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：大学并不是温暖的家庭，也不能成为学生的家庭。大学时期应该是培养自主性和自我同一性的重要时期。大学是孩子脱离父母控制的决定性时期，因此，学校不应该成为像家庭一样让孩子依赖的地方。‎ ‎68.A猜测词义题。根据“from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility”可知，从家庭的庇护到自主性和成年人的责任，这是一种转变、变化，故选A。‎ ‎69.D推理判断题。每个人的个性都是不同的，排除A；根据第四段“If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing...”可知，作者不赞成大学管理者约束学生的社会行为，排除B；大学不是一个无忧无虑的场所，排除C；大学应该是学习知识和促进学生成长的地方，故选D。‎ 考点：教育类短文阅读 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ The Science of Risk-Seeking Sometimes We decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking. 71 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.‎ The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. 72 As the quality of Risk-taking was passed from on ration to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.‎ So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one Killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. 73 ‎ No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. 74 To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.‎ Mean taking some risks, so your brain raisers your tolerance for risk as well.‎ ‎ 75 For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.‎ As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the ‎ waves or the shallow end of the pool.‎ A. It all depends on your character.‎ B. Those are the risks you should jump to take.‎ C. Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.‎ D. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.‎ E. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.‎ F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.‎ G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎71.F ‎72.C ‎73.A ‎74.E ‎75.G 考点：科研类短文阅读 第四部分：书面表达（共两节，35 分）‎ 第一节（15分）‎ ‎76.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim 在给你的邮件中提到他对中国历史很感兴趣，并请你介绍一位你喜欢的中国历史人物。请你给Jim回信，内容包括：‎ ‎1. 该人物是谁；‎ ‎2. 该人物的主要贡献；‎ ‎3. 该人物对你的影响。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1. 词数不少于50；‎ ‎2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ Dear Jim, ‎ ‎______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【答案】‎ Dear Jim,‎ ‎ It’s great to hear from you. I feel proud knowing your interest in Chinese history.‎ As for my favourite figure in Chinese history, it must be Wei Yuan, a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty. He, in his book, Haiguo Tuzhi (Mps and Records of the World), introduced modern technologies and ideas to China. That opened our eyes to the world. In fact, he inspires me to major in English in college to be a bridge between China and the world.‎ ‎ Interested in knowing more? I can find you some books! Just let me know.‎ ‎ Cheers!‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎ ‎ 考点：应用文写作 第二节（ 20 分）‎ ‎77.假设你是红星中学高三一班的学生李华。你班同学参加了学校的“地球日”系列活动。请按照以下四幅图的先后顺序，以“Actions for a Greener Earth”为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件，介绍活动的全过程。‎ 注意：词数不少于60。‎ 提示词：地球日Earth Day ‎【答案】‎ Actions for a Greener Earth ‎ A week before Earth Day, posters were put up around our school, calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth.‎ ‎ Our class came up with the idea to make better use of used materials. We brought to our classroom worn-out clothes, pieces of cardboard and empty plastic bottles and turned those into dolls, handbags, tissue boxes and small vases. That weekend, we went to a nearby neighborhood and gave them away to the people there. All were very happy with those unexpected gifts, especially little kids and elderly people. We did so well that we were invited to share our idea and experience with all the students of our school.‎ ‎ We are very proud of ourselves and believe we can do more for a better world.‎ 考点：情景作文 ‎ ‎