高考英语阅读表达解题技巧和练习 17页

阅读表达解题策略 【考纲展现】 该题型的测试目的是从多方位多角度考查考生通过阅读获取信息、处理信息并进行书面表达的能 力。比传统的阅读理解题型更具综合性和主观性，更能体现对考生的 综合语言运用能力的考查。 【真题评析】 （天津卷）第一节:阅读表达（共 5 小题;每小题 2 分,满分 10 分） 阅读下面短文,并按照题目要求用英语回答问题. Almost everybody in America will spend a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart（购物手推 车）. They will, in a lifetime, push the chrome-plated contraptions many miles. But few will know—or even think to ask—who it was that invented them. Sylvan N. Goldman invented the shopping cart in 1937. At that time he was in the supermarket business. Every day he would see shoppers lugging（吃力地携带） groceries around in baskets they had to carry. One day Goldman suddenly had the idea of putting baskets on wheels. The wheeled baskets would make shopping much easier for his customers, and would help to attract more business. On June 4, 1937, Goldman’s first carts were ready for use in his market. He was terribly excited on the morning of that day as customers began arriving. He couldn’t wait to see them using his invention. But Goldman was disappointed. Most shoppers gave the carts a long look, but hardly anybody would give them a try. After a while, Goldman decided to ask customers why they weren’t using his carts. “Don’t you think this arm is strong enough to carry a shopping basket?” one shopper replied. But Goldman wasn’t beaten yet. He knew his carts would be a great success if only he could persuade people to give them a try. To this end, Goldman hired a group of people to push carts around his market and pretend they were shopping! Seeing this, the real customers gradually began copying the phony （假冒的） customers. As Goldman had hoped, the carts were soon attracting larger and larger numbers of customers to his market. But not only did more people come—those who came bought more. With larger, easier-to-handle baskets, customers unconsciously bought a greater number of items than before. Today’s shopping carts are five times larger than Goldman’s original model. Perhaps that’s one reason Americans today spend more than five times as much money on food each year as they did before 1937—before the coming of the shopping cart. 1. The underlined words “chrome-plate contraptions” in Paragraph 1 refer to ______. （No more than 3 words） 【答案】 shopping carts 【解析】词义猜测题。由上句----a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart（购物手推车）可以 得出谈的是.购物手推车。 2. What was the purpose of Goldman’s invention? （No more than 10 words） 【答案】It was to make shopping easier and attract more business. 【解析】细节理解表达。由二段的 Every day he would see shoppers lugging（吃力地携带） groceries 和第三段可知他做购物手推车的目的。 3. Why was Goldman disappointed at first? （No more than 10 words） 【答案】Because few customers used his carts. 【解析】细节理解表达。由第五段可知。 4. Why did Goldman hire people to push carts around his market? （No more than 10 words） 【答案】 Because he wanted to promote his shopping carts. 【解析】细节推理表达题。由第七段关键词---persuade people to give them a try.可知。 5. What do you think of Goldman? Please give your reasons. （No more than 20 words） 【 答 案 】 He was a smart businessman. He invented the shopping cart and made it accepted by customers. Or: He was smart but he shouldn’t have used tricks to attract customers. 【解析】主旨大意表达题。通读全文把握大意，本文主要介绍 Goldman 和他的购物手推车。 【专题分析】 此题型与阅读理解相比，既有相同点也存在着区别。其相同点在于两者都是对语篇阅读能力的考 查，考生需对文章有较好的理解。区别主要表现在以下三个方面： 1. 阅读理解题目的题型是客观的，而阅读表达的题型则是主观的，这不仅需要考生将文章理解， 还需要将自己对文章的理解通过自己的语言表达出来，而且要受到字数的限制。这就是说阅读理 解只是要求学生将文章及题目中的信息理解了，就能作对题目，而阅读表达不仅要求学生理解文 章和题目而且要把文章中的信息用自己的语言表达出来，是一种信息的输出。 2. 阅读理解的文章难度较大，片幅较长，生词较多；阅读表达的文章较为简单，生词少。 3. 在于阅读理解中的题型是选择题，问题类型及所考查的方式差别很大，所供选择的答案只有 一项是正确的；但在阅读表达中，题型和题目的设置是比较固定的，包括：主旨概括、填空、翻 译句子、同意句替换、封闭性问题、开放性问题（个人观点描述）、其他类型等七种类型，答案 往往是不唯一的。 这七种类型在题目设置上的考查如下： 问题类型 常见问题 主旨概括 What’s the best title of the passage? What is the purpose of the writer’s writing this passage? What’s the main idea of the passage/article? 填空 Please fill in the blank in the passage with a proper sentence / proper words or phrases. 翻译句子 Translate the underlined sentence in the … paragraph into Chinese. 同意句替换 Please find out the sentence in the passage which can be replaced by the following one. 封闭性问题 Regular close-ended wh-questions based on the passage. 开放性问题 What would you do if you …? What other suggestions would you give? How would you settle the problem if you…? 其他类型 … 每年的高考题将会从以上的七种类型中选出五类，问题的顺序也会结合问题的信息点在文章种出 现的顺序进行排列。其他类型的题目属于不确定题型，是根据文章题材和体裁的具体特点设计的 与以上六种题型不同的问题类型。还有就是为了控制考生在该试题上所花费的时间，在每一个需 要考生回答的 问题后面都有具体字数的要求（翻译句子和句子填空题除外）。 【专题技巧】 1、主旨概括：这类问题要求考生归纳文章的要点，了解题目，速读全文，了解大意和主题，概 括中心思想，考查考生对文章内容的整体把握能力。要想答好该题，考生必须有很强的概括能力 或归纳能力，标题要简洁,要善于寻找能够概括全文的主题段落或者主题句，剔除文中的细节事 实或者作者所用的论据，即要分清主旨和细节，概括出来的中心意思一定要能够覆盖全文或整个 段落，绝对不可太笼统离题太远或者以偏概全，可以抓住文章开头的主题句或文章最后的结论， 尤其要注意文章的首段的首末句，这里往往是文章的主旨所在；文中标题格式可以是完整的句子， 简洁的短语，也可以用问题的形式，同时要注意字数要求。具体的表达可以先根据文章内容找出 关键词，其中主要看题目的第 2、3、5 小题，抓住重点考查信息，再在此基础上搜寻关键词、主 题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，确定文章标题或者文章的 main idea，把握语篇实质。 2、同意句替换：这种题型在英语中也常说被成“paraphrase”。此类型比较简单，只要对句子的 意义进行正确的理解，弄透所给句子的意思，然后根据语句中的关键词，迅速找出在文中相对应 的意义相同的句子即可。另外还应注意这种替换中数字表达形式的变化，与主动句与被动句的边 化。需要注意的是：考生在文章中准确找到原句后要将其完整的抄写在答题纸所给定的位置上， 切不可只是写上第“某某”个句子（The XX sentence in paragraph XX. ）了事，这样是不能得分的！ 3、填空：回答此类问题时，一定首先注意弄清楚语境和上下文之间的逻辑关系，如递进、转折、 并列、对比、因果等等，注意上下文，前后句的联系；然后根据上下文的含义猜测出空白处该填 句子还是短语或者单词，再读上下文，看上下文是否通顺，最后确定答案。 上下文之间的关系通常有下列几种，这些关系通常通过一些连词表示出来： A．同位关系（并列关系） 标 志 词 ： and, also, likewise, similarly, too, either…or, neither…nor, not…but…, not only…but also…, in the same way, equally, … B．递进关系 标志词：then; besides; in addition; additionally; what is more; moreover, further, … C．对比关系（转折关系） 标 志 词 ： but, however, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, in any case, unfortunately, while, on the contrary, in contrast, by contrast, in comparison, conversely, on the other hand, … D．因果关系 标志词：because, since, as, for; now that, so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result, … E．让步关系 标志词：although; though; even though; even if; nevertheless; despite; in spite of; … F．时间关系 标志词：when, while, as, after, before, since, until, as soon as, once, … G．条件关系 标志词：if, suppose（that）, supposing（that）, unless, in case, so（as）long as, so far, on condition （that）, provided（that）, providing（that）,without, … I. 表示目的（意图） 标志词：to, in order to, so as to, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, as, … H．解释与被解释关系 标志词：is, that is, that is to say, means, the meaning is（that）…, … 4、翻译句子：本题主要考查考生理解英语语句的基本能力，是对学生综合语言知识理解和运用 的考察，而且需要将其转译成汉语，因此又是对汉语表达水平的一种检测。在该类题目中要求翻 译的句子往往是结果较为复杂或者包括一些特定习语的句子。因此，翻译时一定要先分析句子结 构，找准句子的主干成分，然后确定一些附属的部分，如定语，状语、插入语等等，并结合文章 中心思想以及上下文弄清句子所在的语境，同时还要注意英、汉两种语言及其问题特征的差异， 最后在忠实于原文的基础上，可以适当应用增词、减词、词性转化、语序转化等技巧把英语中的 从句（定语从句及名词性从句）和较长的短语往往单独翻译，从而把画线部分的长句翻译成符合 汉语表达习惯的句子。 5、封闭性问题：封闭性问题是指答案是固定或唯一的问题，一般可在文章中找到明确的答案或 依据。每篇文章的作者会运用事实、分析原因或对比事物间的关系等加以论证自己的观点，本题 型就是结合文中某个问题进行解答，首先要仔细地看懂问题，明确问题问的是什么，然后按照题 意进行寻读，找到文中的重要事实或细节，常与 what, when, where, who, which, why 等有关。 常见题的提问方式： ① What cause…? ② What does the writer really mean by saying… ③ Why does the author mention…? ④What are the reasons why…? ⑤Which is the result of…? ⑥Where in the passage does the author describe…？ 6、开放性问题：是阅读表达中主观性最强的试题，解答比较容易，要根据文章提供的线索，调 动自己所学的综合英语知识，结合个人的观点、经验选择较容易回答的点回答相关问题。这类题 会有字数要求，回答必须完整，即怎么问，怎么答。如：要回答“which … is the … ”，不要只是 说“The first/ second one.”要把句子写完整；回答“why”的问题时最好用上“because”。常见题的提 问方式： ① What would you do if you were…？ ② What other suggestions would you give? ③ How would you settle the problem if you were …? 7、其他类型：该题是结合文章的不同题材和体裁给出的除以上 6 种类型以外的类型的题，比如 设计图表题，推理判断题等，问题的顺序也会结合问题所问的信息点在文章中出现的顺序进行排 列。 还有，答题字数要求（Please answer within 10/15/20 words）：一般情况下，考生回答问题所书 写的英文会限制在 50 个以下（句子替代和句子翻译除外），以控制考生在该试题上所花费的时间； 每一个需要考生用英语回答的问题在后面都有具体的字数要求。 新课程标准提高了对高中生英语阅读及写作能力的要求，但在学习过程中存在的一些不利因素仍 制约着学生这些能力的提高，要提高学生阅读表达能力，首先要克服影响做阅读表达题的不利因 素。 解答阅读题的关键是弄清楚其考查的目的、问题的类型和掌握一定的答题技巧，并在老师的 指导下进行一定量的针对性训练；尤其要注意的是平时一定要注意英语书面表达能力的提高以及 书写的训练。 8、要保持书写清楚，工整；卷面整洁、干净。给阅卷老师留下一个好印象。 【专题训练】 （一） 当今社会“感恩”话题盛行，总有一些有关感恩的人和事会让我们思考良久。这篇阅读表达题会给 我们一些很好的启示，让我们有深深的感悟。 Our little boy came up to his mother in the kitchen one evening while she was fixing supper，and handed her a piece of paper that he had been writing on. After his mom dried her hands on an apron， she read it，and this is what it said：For cutting the grass $5. 00For cleaning up my room this week $1. 00For going to the store for you $0. 50 Baby－sitting my kid brother while you went shopping $0. 25 Taking out the garbage $1. 00 For getting a good report card $5. 00 For cleaning up and raking the yard $2. 00 Total owed: $14. 75 Well，I’ll tell you，his mother looked at him standing there expectantly，and boy，could I see the memories flashing through her mind. So she picked up the pen，turned over the paper he’d written on， and this is what she wrote： For the nine months I carried you while you were growing inside me，No Charge. For all the nights that I’ve sat up with you，doctored and prayed for you，No Charge. For all the trying times，and all the tears that you’ve caused through the years，there’s No Charge. For all the nights that were filled with dread，and for the worries I knew were ahead，No Charge For the toys，food，clothes，and even wiping your nose，there’s No Charge，Son. When you___________________，the cost of my love is No Charge. Well，friends，when our son finished reading what his mother had written，there were great big old tears in his eyes，and he looked straight up at his mother and said：“Mom，I sure do love you. ”And then he took the pen and in great big letters he wrote：“PAID IN FULL”. 1. What’s the best title of the passage? 2. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one? Although you have brought me hard times and many tears in these years, you needn’t pay for them. 3. Please fill in the blank in the passage with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. （within ten words） 4. What do you learn after reading the passage? （within 30 words） 5. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese. （二） “如果你信念坚定，你只需要坚信所发生每一个结果都对你有利。也许过一段时间之后，你就会 明白了”。相信这样主题的阅读表达文章能够让学生受益匪浅。 Two traveling angels stopped to spend the night in the home of a wealthy family. The family was rude and refused to let the angels stay in the mansion’s guest room. Instead the angels were given a small space in the cold basement. As they made their bed on the hard floor, the older angel saw a hole in the wall and repaired it. When the younger angel asked why, the older angel replied, “Things aren’t always what they seem.” The next night the pair came to rest at the house of a very poor, but very hospitable farmer and his wife. After sharing what little food they had the couple let the angels sleep in their bed where they could have a good night’s rest. When the sun came up the next morning the angels found the farmer and his wife in tears. Their only cow, whose milk had been their sole income, lay dead in the field. The younger angel was infuriated and asked the older angel how could you have let this happen? The first man had everything, yet you helped him, she accused. The second family had little but ___________________, and you let the cow die. “Things aren’t always what they seem,” the older angel replied. “When we stayed in the basement of the mansion, I noticed there was gold stored in that hole in the wall. Since the owner was so obsessed with greed and unwilling to share his good fortune, I sealed the wall so he wouldn’t find it. ” “Then last night as we slept in the farmer’s bed, the angel of death came for his wife. I gave him the cow instead. Things aren’t always what they seem. ” Sometimes that is exactly what happens when things don’t turn out the way they should. If you have faith, you just need to trust that every outcome is always to your advantage. You just might not know it until sometime later. 1. What’s the best title of the passage? 2. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one? The couple shared their little food with the two angels and then spared their bed for the two angels to rest for a good night willingly. 3. Please fill in the blank in the passage with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. （within ten words） 4. Do you think life is equal for the two families? And why? （within 30 words） 5. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese. （三） “年轻时就要学会省钱，这是重要的一课。所有好的习惯都开始于年青时代. . . ”对于新时代的青 年人，如何面对理财，如何学会理财是值得我们深思的问题。这篇阅读表达题会从某些方面给我 们以启迪. . . . Learning to save money when you're young is an important lesson. All good lessons arid habits begin early, and saving is a skill that everyone needs. Many people—adults included—do not have a good sense of saving for the long run. I have been lucky to learn this lesson early because I have had a grass-cutting business since I was 10 years old. Of the money I make I spend about 10 percent and save the other 90. Making sure you save and don't spend too much is a good way to build up wealth. I have put my earnings in a bank. Many teens I know spend all the money they earn so it never has a chance to grow. Young people should realize that their teenage years are a great time to begin saving. At high school many parents pay for almost everything, so your expenses can be small. If you have a lob, you should have fun with some of the money. But you should also save some so that it will grow. Then you can begin planning for your future. When you spend money, you not only lose that money, but also lose the interest you could have earned by saving it. After high school, college is expensive and then "real" life begins, with expenses such as food and rent. If you can hold onto a good percentage of the money you earn as a teen, going to college and buying a house will be much easier. ________________, the more time the money has to grow. If you are in your thirties without any savings, you will always have to struggle. The earlier you begin saving, the easier it is to create a nest egg. Later in life it can be hard to start saving because general costs of living are more expensive and you may only have enough to pay your bills. If you want to buy a house and have a family, you need money to start with, which comes from saving. Many say money cannot make you happy, and this is true. But money can help you to lead a secure life. Saving early will mean you will have to work for fewer years when you are older. It will also allow you to spend time doing the things that you want to do. In addition to this, it will mean you can live the way you want to without worrying. 1. What’s the best title of the passage? 2. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one? As long as you save early, you’ll do less work to live well at your old age. 3. Please fill in the blank in the passage with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. （within 10 words） 4 According to the passage, what do you think of saving? （within 30 words） 5. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese. （四） “如何真正处理好孩子与父母间的关系”一直是我们非常关注和想了解的话题。沟通是必要的方式 之一，可如何能够进行真正心灵上的沟通？我们，作为父母的，作为孩子的，都得需要思索。这 篇文章会给你一定的启示. . . . I was 13 years old. My family had moved to Southern California from North Florida a year before. I hit adolescence with a vengeance. I was angry and rebellious, with little regard for anything my parents had to say, particularly if it had to do with me. Like so many teenagers, I struggled to escape from anything that didn't agree with my picture of the world. A "brilliant without need of guidance" kid, I rejected any overt offering of love. In fact, I got angry at the mention of the word love. One night, after a particularly difficult day, I _____________, shut the door and got into bed. As I lay down in the privacy of my bed, my hands slipped under my pillow. There was an envelope. I pulled it out and on the envelope it said, "To read when you're alone. " Since I was alone, no one would know whether I read it or not, so I opened it. It said "Mike, I know life is hard right now, I know you are frustrated and I know we don't do everything right. I also know that I love you completely and nothing you do or say will ever change that. I am here for you if you ever need to talk, and if you don't, that's okay. Just know that no matter where you go or what you do in your life, I will always love you and be proud that you are my son. I'm here for you and I love you—hat will never change. Love, Mom. That was the first of several "To read when you're alone" letters. They were never mentioned until I was an adult. Today I travel the world helping people. I was in Sarasota, Florida, teaching a seminar when, at the end of the day, a lady came up to me and shared the difficulty she was having with her son. We walked out to the beach, and I told her of my mom's undying love and about the "To read when you're alone" letters. Several weeks later, I got a card that said she had written her first letter and left it for her son. That night as I went to bed, I put my hands under my pillow and remembered the relief I felt every time I got a letter. In the midst of my turbulent teen years, the letters were the calm assurance that I could be loved in spite of me, not because of me. Just before I fell asleep I thanked God that my mom knew what I, an angry teenager, needed. Today when the seas of life get stormy, I know that just under my pillow there is that calm assurance that love - consistent, abiding, unconditional love - changes lives. 1. What’s the best title of the passage? 2. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one? I reached out my hands for the letter under the pillow that night when I went to bed, and I always felt relief with the letter under my pillow. 3. Please fill in the blank in the passage with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. （within ten words） 4. What do you learn after reading the passage? （within 30 words） 5. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese. （五） 本文是属于夹叙夹议体裁，反映的是海洋污染的问题。希望能够从中得到警示，让我们反醒自己 的行为。彻底认识到保护自然就是保护我们自己！！ Every year 2. 2 million tons of oil are spilled（ 散落，溅出 ）into the ocean. Actually, this only amounts to a small percentage of the total 1. 6 billion tons of oil shipped around the world each year. However, this spilled oil has terrible effects on ocean life, including the coastlines where the off washes up onto shore. Some of the largest spills in history were caused by oil tankers running into each other or by an oil tanker sailing into shallow water and hitting the bottom of the ocean. After these spills, officials try to discover who or what was at fault to help prevent similar accidents in the future. One of the worst oil spills in history occurred along the Alaskan coastline in 1989. In this accident, 42,000 tons of oil spilled from a tanker which resulted in terrible damage to this sensitive natural area. In this spill, the tanker's captain, who was tired from overwork and drinking alcohol, had gone to___________. He gave control of the ship to the third mate. The third mate was unfamiliar with the path the ship took, and he ran the ship onto Blighe Reef. Blighe Reef is a natural underwater rock wall near the Alaskan coast. Damaged by the reef, the ship leaked oil out into the ocean. More than 1,600 kilometers of coastline were affected by the oil spill. Some scientists who studied nature in the area guessed that 580,000 birds and 5,500 others died when the oil from the spill covered their skin. As well, smaller shellfish and other sea creatures were later eaten by seals, whales, and other animals. The most oil ever spilled was actually dumped on purpose as an act of ecological warfare. The term ecological warfare means to fight by doing harm to nature in the area under attack. In 1990, Iraq sent soldiers into Kuwait and set off the Persian Gulf War. As part of the Iraq war plan, 900,000 tons of oil were let out into the Persian Gulf Way Iraq. This oil covered 1,500 square kilometers of water in the Persian Gulf. The oil also damaged 650 kilometers of the coastline of both Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. In some places, oil floating on the water was measured to be 43 centimeters thick. Water birds, water plants, and baby fish were all seriously affected by the oil. The long-term effects of this act on the food chain in the area are bound to cause problems tar into the future. 1. What’s the best title of the passage? 2. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one? Officials make efforts to do research into the oil spill accidents and don’t want to see the similar things happen again in the future. 3. Please fill in the blank in the passage with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. （within ten words） 4. What do you think of the oil spill accident happening in 1990 in the Persian Gulf ? （within 30 words） 5. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese. （六） 健康问题一直是生活中的热点话题。尤其对于女性来说，你知道穿矮高跟鞋和纯粹的高跟鞋对你 身体健康的影响吗？ Healthy knees aren't the main consideration in choosing high heels, but new research says chunky heels are just __________as spindly stilettos（细高跟鞋）. "It takes a long time to feel the effects of knee osteoarthritis（骨关节炎）— and once you do, it is too ]ate," said Dr. Casey Kerrigan, leading researcher of the study and associate professor at Harvard Medical School's department of physical medicine. "I compare it to smoking — one cigarette is not painful, but over a lifetime it is. Wide-heeled shoes feel comfortable, so women wear them all day long, "Kerrigan said.”They are better for your feet than stiletto heels, but just as had for your knees.” The idea that high heels are bad for your health isn't new — scientists have warned women for years that they contribute to problems ranging from corns to hammer toes, tendonitis, knee pain, sprained （扭伤）ankles and back problems. But in 1998, Kerdgan and a team of Harvard researchers were the first to link high heels and knee osteoarthritis, a painful joint disease that destroys cartilage（软骨）surrounding the knee. The first study looked only at stiletto heels, and Kerrigan said she wanted to study the chunky high-heeled shoes she noticed many women wearing. "This study confirms what we all intuitively（直觉地）know that high-heeled shoes of any kind are not good for our health," said Dr. Glenn Pfeifer, a San Francisco doctor and member of the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons who was not connected to the study. 1. What’s the main idea of the passage? 2. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one? In my opinion, it is similar to smoking, for smoking one cigarette does little harm but if you smoke all your life, it’ll be very painful. 3. Please fill in the blank in the passage with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. （within ten words） 4. What do you think of wearing the chunky heels according to the passage? （within 30 words） 5. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese. （七） 旅行难道只能让人们享受美景放松心情吗？不，它还可以很有效果的降低犯罪率，这一点你相信 吗？来看这篇文章吧 Americans think that travel is good for you, some even think it can help one of the country's worst problems-crime（犯罪）. Crime worries a lot of people. Every year, the number of crimes goes up and up. And many criminals （罪犯）are young. They often come from sad homes, with only one parent or no parents at all. There are many young criminals in prison. But prison doesn't change them. Six or seven in ten will go back to crime when they come out of prison. One man, Bob Burton, thought of a new idea. In the old days, young men had to live a difficult life on the road. They learned to be strong and brave, and to help theft friends ill time of danger. This helped them to grow into men. So Bob Burton started" Vision Quest". He takes young criminals on a long, long journey with horses and wagons （ 马 车 ） , 3,000 miles through seven states. They are on the road for more than a year. The young people on Vision Quest all have bad problems. Most of them have already spent time in prison. This is their last chance. It's hard work on the road. The work starts before the sun comes up. The boys and girls have to feed the horses. Some of them have never loved anyone before. But they can love their horse. That love can help them to a new life. Not all the young people on Vision Quest will leave crime behind them. Three or four in ten will one day_____________. Bob Burton is right. Travel can be good for you. Even today. Americans still say, “Go west, young man.” 1. What’s the main idea of the passage? 2. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one? The criminals are very unfortunate, because they have single parent or they are orphans 3. Please fill in the blank in the passage with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. （Within ten words） 4. What do you think of the meaning of the travel to the young men in the old days according to the passage? （within 30 words） 5. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese. （八） Eating disorder is very common now. "When I first wrote about this. the problem was pretty much hidden … I didn't expect it to get as bad as it is. " Susie Orbach, an international authority（权威）on eating disorders, said. Orbach must at times think the anti-diet message of her book “fat is a Feminist Issue（女权主义问 题）”has been lost since it was written more than 20 years ago. Girls, boys, old people—even the famously well-rounded female population of Fiji are falling victims （牺牲品）to fat fear. "If anything, the situation has got much, much worse. We now have kids as young as eight and women in old people's homes worried about the way they look. “Orbach said. Even though it has been proved that repeated dieting results in a little more than regaining most of the lost weight, constant dieting has become a way of life for many women. 48 per cent of British women aged 25 to 35 were on some kind of diet and 20 per cent of young women dieted all or most of time. Some of them said they would pop a pill to give them their beautiful shape, even if it meant risking their health. Worldwide, 70 million people have an eating disorder. Most are women, but men are increasingly affected, too. More than half the women and two thirds of the men in Britain weigh too much. while in the United States more than one quarter of adults and about one in five children are overweight. The idea that female beauty is a very thin body could be changed, if clothing factories and magazines showed images （形象）of women of all shapes instead of selecting skeletal-like models and stick-thin actress. But that is easier said than done. To get the message across, Orbach is also considering talking to pop stars such as Victoria Beckham and Geri Halliwell, both of whom have admitted__________________. 1. What’s the best title of the passage? __________________________________________________________________________ 2. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one? Lots of women has chosen constant dieting as part of their life despite the fact that constant dieting leads to the lost weight being regained. __________________________________________________________________________ 3. Please fill in the blank in the passage with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. （within ten words） __________________________________________________________________________ 4. Are you in favor of dieting? And why? （within 30 words） __________________________________________________________________________ 5. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese. __________________________________________________________________________ （九） Modern life is a lot less to the advantage of friendships and neighborliness than it used to be. The average American moves every five years. People drive straight into their garages, hire lawn services, hang out in their backyards instead of their front porches（前走廊）. These days, neighbors don't even know each other's names. Good neighbors and good friends are a lot like electricity or running water: We don't know how much we depend on them until we don't have them. In fact, the authors of a recent book, Refrigerator Rights, claim that refrigerators are signs of close relationships--after all, you wouldn't snatch a drumstick（鸡 腿）from the refrigerator of a stranger. The surprising thing is that all it takes to strengthen your relationship with friends and neighbors is respect for their feelings, concern for their property, and a helping hand when it's needed. Here's how to develop your relationships with two types of vitally important people in your life. _________________. A true friend doesn't flee when changes occur. The sign of a good friend is one who stays true through it all--marriage, parenthood, new jobs, new homes, the losses. Just because situations change doesn't mean the person has to. Friendships fade away if there isn't an balance between the give and the take. So make sure you aren't being a burden to your friends. Be sensitive to how much your friend can and can't offer you--be it time, energy, or help -- and don't step over the line. Meanwhile, friendships that drain（耗尽）you will not last. If a friendship is out of balance in this way, you'll need to talk the situation through. 1. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one? A true friend will stay the same even when the situations change. _______________________________________________________________ 2. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with a proper sentence.（Within 10 words） _______________________________________________________________ 3. What advice is given in the last paragraph?（Within 10 words） _______________________________________________________________ 4. What do you think the author will go on talking about if the passage continues? （Within 10 words） _______________________________________________________________ 5. Translate the underlined sentence in the last paragraph into Chinese． _______________________________________________________________ （十） The hospital burn unit is a popular place on the day after Thanksgiving. I found that out three years ago, when my 18-month-old daughter touched a radiator pipe while playing around our friends' farmhouse. Instead of feasting on leftover stuffing, I rushed my child as she screamed to hospital. Instead of getting a jump on my Christmas shopping, I learned how to take care of second-degree burns. Our story had a happy ending. With weeks of twice-daily treatments at Mommy and Papa's kitchen-table burn clinic, my daughter's hands healed. But other children we saw at the outpatient burn clinic weren't so lucky. I saw hands _____________________, a mouth that would never smile straight, a scalp that would never grow hair. All the parents had stories of accidents as easy as ours: a cup of tea knocked from a side table, a tumble（摔倒）into a space heater. "Heaters and soup," one veteran nurse told me at the hospital. "That's all it is. Heaters and soup. " Most of the injuries were to hands and wrists, and most came from contact with hot liquids or from touching hot objects. Not only do small children not realize the danger posed by hot objects; their skin is much thinner than that of adults. They burn more quickly, and the burns tend to be deeper and more severe. Traditional fire safety education focused on preventing fires. The number of children injured by playing with fire has declined substantially when the Consumer Product Safety Commission required that cigarette lighters be child-resistant. "We know people know about smoke alarms," says Chrissy, program manager for Safe Kids USA, a nonprofit that works to reduce childhood injuries. Now, fire safety experts hope that public education efforts will turn to burns that can be just as terrible as injuries caused by flame. 1. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one? People used to be warned of the fire burns. __________________________________________________________________________ 2. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with a proper sentence．（within 10 words） __________________________________________________________________________ 3. What is the best title for this passage? （within 10 words） __________________________________________________________________________ 4. For what purpose does the author mention “a cup of tea” or “a tumble into a space heater” in Paragraph 2? （within 10 words） __________________________________________________________________________ 5. Translate the underlined sentence in the last paragraph into Chinese． __________________________________________________________________________ （十一） Happiness is U-shaped, for we are happier at the start and end of our lives but hit a slump when we are middle-aged, British and US researchers say. Economists from the University of Warwick, central England, and from Dartmouth College, New Hampshire, looked at data on the mental health of two million people from 80 countries. In Britain, the probability of depression for men and women peaks at around 44 years of age, Warwick University said in a press release. In the United States, though, ________________________between men and women. Among women, unhappiness peaked at around the age of 40, whereas among men, it was about 50. But the U-shape of happiness is constant around the world, and mid-life depression occurs regardless of marital status（婚姻状况）, changes in job or income. The study appears in Social Science & Medicine, published by the Dutch publishing house Elsevier. "It happens to men and women, to single and married people, to rich and poor, and to those with and without children.” said co-author Andrew Oswald. One possibility may be that people realize they won't achieve many of their ambitions at middle age. The researchers said. Another reason could be that after seeing their fellow middle-aged peers begin to die, people begin to value their own remaining years and embrace life once more. But the good news is that if people make it to aged 70 and are still physically fit, they are on average as happy and mentally healthy as a 20-year old. "For the average persons in the modern world, the dip in mental health and happiness comes on slowly, not suddenly in a single year," Oswald said. "Only in their fifties do people emerge from this low period.” 1. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one? There are chances that the middle-aged people will realize their ideal is likely to be unattainable. __________________________________________________________________________ 2. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with a proper sentence．（within 10 words） __________________________________________________________________________ 3. How do you understand the sentence that “Happiness is U-shaped”? （within 20 words） __________________________________________________________________________ 4. Is mid-life depression a common Phenomenon in the world? How do you know? （within 15 words） __________________________________________________________________________ 5. Translate the underlined sentence in the last paragraph into Chinese 【答案解析】 （一） 1. No Charge 2. For all the trying times, and all the tears that you’ve caused through the years , there’s No Charge. 3. add it all up 4. Love of our mothers is great and we should appreciate it from the bottom of our hearts. 5. 然后，他拿起笔写了几个大字：“全部偿付”。 （二） 1. Things Are Not Always What They Seem. 2. After sharing what little food they had the couple let the angels sleep in their bed where they could have a good night’s rest. 3. was willing to share everything 4. Yes. Because the kind family got the good reward that belongs to them and the bad family got nothing for what they did. 5. 有些时候，事情实际上并不以它应有的方式发生。 （三） 1. Saving for Future 2. Saving early will mean you will have to work for fewer years when you are older. 3. The earlier you begin saving 4. Saving is an important lesson and a good habit in our lives ;especially it’s a skill that everyone needs. 5. 要明确储蓄而不挥霍才能有效地增长财富。 （四） 1. To Read When You’re Alone 2. That night as I went to bed, I put my hands under my pillow and remembered the relief I felt every time I got a letter 3. stormed into my room 4. The letter changed the author and the love from his mother moved him greatly and I think we should communicate with our parents often. 5. 像其他许多十几岁的青少年一样，我挣扎着奋斗着，极力摆脱那些与我理想中的世界有冲突 的事情。 （五） 1. Oil Spills 2. After these spills, officials try to discover who or what was at fault to help prevent similar accidents in the future. 3. take a rest 4. Iraq poured oil into the sea on purpose ,which did great harm to the Persian Gulf . It will also cause problems far into the future. . 5. 这次泄漏事故对海洋食物链所带来的长期影响将会对未来造成更大的问题。 （六） 1. Chunky heels are nothing better than spindly stilettos 2. "I compare it to smoking — one cigarette is not painful, but over a lifetime it is. 3. as bad for the knees 4. I believe the result of the new study that chunky heels are as bad for the knees as spindly stilettos because it also causes many health problems . . 5. 由于第一次所进行的调查其研究对象是纯粹的高跟鞋，克瑞安教授说她将对她所关注的女士 穿的矮高跟鞋进行详细的调查。 （七） 1. In Americans’ opinion, travel is helpful for solving crime problems 2. They often come from sad homes, with only one parent or no parents at all. 3. be in prison again 4. The young men learned to be strong and brave and to help others in danger, which helped them grow into men. 5. 并不是所有的参加“用眼睛去寻梦”这个项目的青少年犯罪者从此之后再也不会犯罪。 （八） 1. Eating Disorder 2. Even though it has been proved that repeated dieting results in a little more than regaining most of the lost weight, constant dieting has become a way of life for many women 3. having suffered from eating disorders 4. No, I am not. Because dieting is constantly changing people’s right attitudes to images and eating disorder does great harm to people’s health. 5. 有些女性说道即使这样做意味着很大的冒险，她们也愿意去频繁服用药物来保持苗条的身材。 （九） 1. Just because situations change doesn't mean the person has. 2. Be a good / true friend to people around you. 3. You should keep a balance between you and your friends. 4. How to get on with your neighbors. 5. 要知晓你的朋友能够在多大程度上能够或不能够给你——无论是时间、精力或是帮助——一 定不要超越这条界线。 （十） 1. Traditional fire safety education focused on preventing fires. 2. that would never play the piano / drive a car / draw a picture / pick up things, etc. 3. Thanksgiving children burns 4. To show that children get burnt easily. 5. 现在，火灾安全专家希望公众教育的努力能够转到与火引起的烧伤一样严重的烫伤上。 （十一） 1. One possibility may be that people realize they won't achieve many of their ambitions at middle age. 2. there was a big difference. 3. People are happier at the start and end of their lives but hit a slump when they are middle-aged. 4. Yes. It always occurs regardless of marital status, changes in job or income. 5. 但庆幸的是，如果你到了 70 岁，身体还很健康，那么你会像 20 岁时一样快乐。