2010—2012高考英语7选5 10页

少2010和2011，2012年高考全国英语试题七选五 ‎1.【2012全国新课标】‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为 多余选项。‎ Kids' health: Four steps for fighting stress Everybody gets stressed time to time. 71 Some ways of dealing with stress 一like screaming or hitting someone一don't solve (解决) much. But other ways, like talking to someone you trust, can lead you to solving your problem or at least feeling better.‎ Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed:‎ ‎(1) Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk to a trusted adult, such as a parent or other relatives. 72 They might have had similar problems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet.‎ ‎ (2) Don't take it out on yourself. Sometimes when kids are stressed and upset they take it out on themselves. Oh, dear, that's good idea. Remember that there are always people to help you. Don't take it out on yourself. 73 ‎ ‎ (3) Try to solve the problem. After you're calm and you have support from adults and friends, it's time to get down to business. 74 Even if you can't solve it all, you can solve a piece of it.‎ ‎ (4) Be positive. Most stress is temporary(暂时的).Remember stress does go away,‎ ‎ especially when you figure out the problem and start working on solving it. ‎ These steps aren't magic, but they do work. And if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time, you'll help yourself feel better even faster. 75 ‎ A. Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.‎ B. Notice your friends' feelings and find a way to help them.‎ C. Different people feel stress in different ways D. Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone.‎ E. You need to figure out what the problem is.‎ F. And don't forget about your friends.‎ G. Then, find a way to calm down。‎ ‎71.【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】根据后文可知：不同的人减压的方式不同，是因为他们感到压力的方式不同。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查语境理解及主题句。‎ ‎72.【答案】 F ‎【解析】前文提到和你信赖的人谈话，比如：父母、亲戚；减压求助的另一种方式就是向朋友求助，这里朋友和父母、亲戚是并列关系。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查上下文的语境理解。‎ ‎73.【答案】 A ‎【解析】根据前文可知：有了压力和心情郁闷的时候，不要你一个人扛着。Don't take it out on yourself. 那么就得向别人求助。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查上下文的语境理解。‎ ‎74.【答案】 E ‎【解析】根据后文：你即使不能全部解决所有的问题，但你可以解决一部分。可知前文应列出问题清单，知道有多少问题。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查上下文的语境理解。‎ ‎75.【答案】 D ‎【解析】根据前文：你自己会感到越来越好甚至更轻快，可知后文也应该是好的感觉。故选D。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查上下文的语境理解。‎ ‎2.【2012陕西卷】‎ 根据短文内容，从下框的A～F选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。选项中有一项为多余项。‎ A. Be well-organised.‎ B. Close with a Q & A.‎ C. Don’t be contradictory.‎ D. Bring it to a specific end E. Speak slowly and pause.‎ F. Drop unnecessary words Speaking to a group can be difficult, but listening to a bad speech is truly a tiresome task—especially when the speaker is confusing. Don’t want to confuse your audience? Follow these suggestions:‎ ‎61.E When it comes to understanding new information, the human brain needs a little time. First, we hear the words; then, we compare the new information to what we already know. If the two are different, we need to pause and think. But a breathless speaker never stops to let us think about what he or she is saying and risks confusing us. Slow it ‎62. C ‎ Sometimes we all start a sentence one way and then switch directions, which is very difficult to follow. When you the audience confuse your listeners with opposing information, you leave the audience wondering what part of the information is right and what part they should remember. Instead of relying and keeping correcting yourself, work to get the facts clear and straight.‎ ‎63. A Jumping from point to point as it comes to your mind puts the onus (责任）on your listeners to make up for your lack of organisation. And it’s confusing for them to listen, reorganise, and figure out what you’re saying all at once. But going smoothly from one point to the next helps them understand information more easily. You can arrange things from beginning to end, small to large, top to bottom or by some other order. Just be sure to organise. ‎ ‎64. F Repeated use of um, ah, like, you know and some other useless noises can drive an audience crazy. It makes the speaker sound uncertain and unprepared, and it can leave listeners so annoyed that they can’t pay attention. Recently I attended a speech that was marked by so many ums that audience members were rolling their eyes. Was anybody grasping the intended message? Um, probably not.‎ ‎65. D Many speakers finish up their speeches with question-and-answer (Q & A) sessions, but some let the Q & A go on without a clear end. The audience is often left confused about whether the meeting is over and when they can get up and leave. Do your listeners a favour by setting a time limit on questions, and close your speech with a specific signal—even if it’s something simple like, “If you have any more questions, you know where to reach me.”‎ Or even more to the point, conclude your speech with “Thanks for your time. ”‎ ‎【要点综述】本文是一篇说明文，作者就如何在公众场合作报告提出了一些实用的建议。‎ ‎61.【答案与解析】E。根据本段最后两句可知本段大意选E。‎ ‎62.【答案与解析】C。由本段主题句——最后一句可知本段大意是：不要前后矛盾，选C。‎ ‎63.【答案与解析】A。根据最后一句中的organize可以推断出本段大意选A。‎ ‎64.【答案与解析】F。通读本段可知其大意是：不要频繁使用那些令人感到不安的词缀或发音，选F。‎ ‎65.【答案与解析】D。根据首句中的end一次可以推断出本段大意选D。‎ ‎3.【2012辽宁卷】‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ How to Make Friends ‎ Friendship is a very important human relationship and everyone needs good friends. Good friendship has many benefits. It offers companionship, improves self-worth and promotes good health. There are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town, or changed our jobs or schools. Such changes often leaves us without a friend 71 . But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage. Below are some helpful suggestions on how to make and keep friends. ‎ ‎ 1. Associate with others. ‎ The first step to making friends is associating with other people. You can go to public places to meet new people. Besides, you will need to make yourself known by becoming an active member of such places. ‎ 2. Start a conversation Starting a conversation is the second most important step in making new friends. 72 You can always start the conversation. Being able to make small talk is a very useful skill in relating with other people. ‎ 3. ‎73 ‎ Choosing friends with common interests is important in building friendship as these interests would always bring you and your friend together, Hanging out will always be a pleasant experience. ‎ 4. Let it grow. ‎ It is a good thing to stay in touch. However, try not to press your new friend with calls, messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend. 74 . The best friendships are the ones that grow naturally. ‎ 5. Enjoy your friendship The best way to enjoy your friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves. 75 Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be. Become the kind of friend you will want your friend to be to you. ‎ A. Be cheerful. ‎ B. Do things together. ‎ C. Do not wait to be spoken to. ‎ D. Try not to find fault with your friends. ‎ E. Making new friends comes easy for some people. ‎ F. For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch. ‎ G. So you will need to give your friend time to react to you. ‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文向我们介绍了如何交朋友。‎ ‎71. 【答案】E ‎【试题解析】根据后面的“But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage.可知前面是说的一个过程对一些人来说很容易。所以选E。‎ ‎72. 【答案】C ‎【试题解析】由后面“You can always start the conversation.”可知，你要开始一个对话，所以前面应该是不要等着别人先和你说话。 ‎ ‎73. 【答案】B ‎ 【试题解析】根据后面的“as these interests would always bring you and your friend together.”要和朋友在块做一些事。所以选B项。‎ ‎74. 【答案】G ‎【试题解析】前面说不要通过电话，短信或亲自拜访给你的朋友施加压力，类为这可能会使对方疲惫不堪，最后你会失去友谊，因此你要给你的朋友时间对你做出回应。‎ ‎75. 【答案】D ‎【试题解析】由前面一句说要允许你的朋友们做他们自己，也就是不要对朋友太挑剔。‎ ‎7.【2012浙江卷】‎ 意思的小标题，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑,选项中一项为多余选项.‎ A. Slow Down Your Life B. Escape Now and Then C. Separate Your Actions D. Allow Yourself to Be Weak E. Relieve Pressure by Firmly Saying " No"‎ F. Stop Expecting Everything to Be Perfect How to Simplify Your Life Less is more. This is why we say: reduce things by half instead of doubling them, get rid of junk instead of piling it up, relax instead of stressing, slow down instead of speeding up. Apply these principles in your everyday life in a conscious way. You will then find yourself well along on your journey to simplification. 61. ‎ When you concentrate on one task, you find you have energy that you didn't even know you had. Just imagine: you arc at a fair and you have to carry two heavy pigs over 100 yards. If you keep grabbing one and then the other, it will take forever, because one of them will keep slipping out from under your arm and running off. But if you tie one pig in a place, pick up the other, gather all your strength and make a dash for the finish line, pause for a moment, run bock and get the other one, and with great determination, carry the second pig to the finish line, then you can be sure of succcss. 62. ______‎ The pressure at work is on the increase in all occupations. In the modem nuclear family, the expectations that formerly would have been shared among all the relatives are now concentrated on the individual partner.‎ If you have the feeling that 24 hours per day are not enough for nil the things you need to do, then it’s not because the day has too few hours, but because you have too many activities. A simple fact that overloaded people often tend to forget. The solution is equally simple; refuse to accept so many work assignments in your private life or your working life.‎ ‎63. ‎ ‎“I can handle stress” is regarded as a positive statement in the world of work. People who can handle stress are given more and more to cope with — until one day they break.‎ Pay careful attention to the signs that tell you that you arc under more stress than you can cope with. These signals came from various areas of life. You become ill, or your work efficiency decreases.‎ If you have any of these symptoms, change your life goals and decrease your tolerance of stress. Say quite openly, "I can't manage that. "‎ ‎64. ‎ ‎"If only I were slimmer, more beautiful, richer, more clever, then I would be happier. " This is a dream that makes a lot of people ill, depressed, and unhappy. Life has its flaws, defects, comets, and edges. Only those who accept this reality can lead a really full life.‎ Of course there are activities in which errors are dangerous; driving a car, crossing the road. But life doesn't consist entirely of these things. In among them there is a lot of room for small and large mistakes.‎ ‎65. ‎ Successful people ail have their own places where they can withdraw in order to work. Find out which places improve your creativity. For me it's the train. When I know that I'm going to be traveling for four hours without phone calls and people knocking on my door, I find my mind is free and I can read or write complex articles. There can be problems working on the train,‎ ‎ of course: if the person sitting opposite you keeps talking away, or if train trips make you tired (some people fall asleep after a few miles).‎ ‎【答案】61. C 62. E 63. D 64. F 65. B ‎ ‎11.【2012北京卷】‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Empathy Last year, researchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathy, the ability to understand other people, among college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years. __71__ Today, people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs.‎ Jennifer Freed, a co-director of a teen program, has another explanation. Turn on the TV, and you’re showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting, competing, and generally treating one another with no respect. __72__‎ There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples. Humans are socially related by nature. __73__ Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to have high self-respect. Besides, empathy can be a cure for loneliness, sadness, anxiety, and fear.‎ Empathy is also an indication of a good leader. In fact, Freed says, many top companies report that empathy is one of the most important things they look for in new managers. __74__ “Academics are important. But if you don’t have emotional (情感的) intelligence, you won’t be as successful in work or in your love life,” she says.‎ What’s the best way to up your EQ (情商）? For starters, let down your guard and really listen to others. __75__‎ To really develop empathy, you’d better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital, join a club or a team that has a diverse membership, have a “sharing circle” with your family, or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter.‎ A. Everyone is different, and levels of empathy differ from person to person.‎ B. That could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen time, the researchers said.‎ C. ‎“One doesn’t develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking,” Freed says.‎ D. Humans learn by example—and most of the examples on it are anything but empathetic.‎ E. Empathy is a matter of learning how to understand someone else—both what they think and how they feel.‎ F. Good social skills—including empathy—are a kind of “emotional intelligence” that will help you succeed in many areas of life.‎ G. Having relationships with other people is an important part of being human—and having empathy is decisive to those relationships.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎71.B 后句中people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs,所以前句应为原因that could be because ‎ ‎72.D 前文中人们打开电视看到的是fighting, competing, and generally treating one another with no respect后句人们从中学到的是这样的例子，Humans learn by examples.下段中出现bad examples ‎73.G Humans are socially related by nature,人类是社会性的，having relationship with other people is an important part of being human.‎ ‎74.F Academics are important ,but if you don’t have emotional intelligence,于是前句是social ‎ skills ‎75.C 怎样提高EQ？let down your guard and really listen to others,one doesn’t develop empathy by having a lot of opinions .‎ ‎2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）‎ Public Speaking and Critical Thinking What is critical thinking? To a certain degree, it’s a matter of logic（逻辑）—of being able to spot weaknesses in other people’s arguments and to avoid them in your own. It also includes related skills such as distinguishing fact from opinion and assessing the soundness of evidence.‎ In the broad sense, critical thinking is focused, organized thinking—the ability to see clearly the relationships among ideas. 71 The greatest thinkers, scientists, and inventors have often taken information that was readily available and put it together differently to produce new ideas. That, too, is critical thanking.‎ ‎ 72 As the class goes on, for example, you will probably spend a good deal at time organizing your speeches. While this may seem like a purely mechanical（机械的）exercise, it is closely connected with critical thinking. If the structure of your speech is loose and confused, chances are that your thinking is also disordered and confused. If, on the other hand, the structure is clear, there is a good chance your thinking is too. Organizing a speech is not just a matter of arranging the ideas you already have 73 ‎ What is true of organization is true of many aspects of public speaking. 74 As you work on expressing your ideas in clear, accurate language, you will improve your ability to think clearly and accurately. 75 As you learn to listen critically to speeches in class, you will be better able to assess the ideas of speakers in a variety of situations.‎ If you take full advantage of your speech class, you will be able to develop your skills as a critical thinker in many circumstances. This is one reason public speaking has been regarded as a vital part of education since the days of ancient Greece.‎ A．Rather, it is an important part of shaping the ideas themselves.‎ B．This may seem like a lot of time, but the rewards are well worth it.‎ C．It may also help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech.‎ D．It has often been said that there are few new ideas in the world, only reorganized ideas.‎ E．If you are wondering what this has to do with your public speaking class, the answer is quite a lot.‎ F．The skills you learn in your speech class can help you become a more effective thinker in a number of ways G．As you study the role of evidence and reasoning in speechmaking ,you will see how they can be used in other forms of communication as well.‎ ‎2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标）‎ Money Matters Parents should help their children understand money. 71 so you may start tallking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things,candy or toys,for example.‎ 1. The basic function of money Being explaining the basic function of money by showing how people trade money for goods or services.it’s important to show your child how money is traded for the thing he wants to have.If he wants to have a toy, give him the money and let him hand the money to the cashier .72 when your child grows a bit older and understands the basic function of money, you can start explaining ‎ more complex ways of using money.‎ ‎2.Money lessons Approach money lessons with openness and honesty. 73 If you must say no to a child’s request to spend money,explain,”You have enough toy trucks for now.”Or,if the request is for many different things, say.“You have to make a choice between this toy and that toy.”‎ ‎3. 74 ‎ Begin at the grocery store. Pick put similar brands of a product—a name brand butter and a generic(无商标产品),for example.You can show your child how to make choices between different brands of a product so that you can save money. 75 If he chooses the cheaper brand, allow him to make another purchase with the money saved.Later,you may explains how the more expensive choice leaves less money for other purchases.‎ A. wise decision.‎ B. The value of money.‎ C. Permit the child why he can—or cannot—have certain things.‎ D. Talk yourself what things that cost money are most important to you.‎ E. Ask yourself what things that cost money are most important to you.‎ F. Talk about how the money bought the thing after you leave the toy store.‎ G. The best time to teach a child anything about money is when he shows an interest.‎ ‎2010‎ ‎（北京）‎ ‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Muzak ‎ ‎ The next time you go into a bank, a store, or a supermarket, stop and listen. What do you hear? 71 It's similar to the music you listen to, but it's not exactly the same. That's because this music was especially designed to relax you, or to give you extra energy. Sometimes you don't even realize the music is playing, but you react to the music anyway.‎ ‎ Quiet background music used to be called "elevator (电梯) music" because we often heard it in elevators. But lately we hear it in more and more places, and it has a new name "Muzak". About one-third of the people in America listen to "Muzak" everyday. The music plays for 15 minutes at a time, with short pauses in between. It is always more lively between ten and eleven in the morning, and between three and four in the afternoon, when people are more tired. 72 ‎ ‎ If you listen to Muzak carefully, you will probably recognize the names of many of the songs. Some musicians or songwriters don't want their songs to be used as Muzak, but others are happy when their songs are chosen. Why? 73 ‎ ‎ Music is often played in public places because it is designed to make people feel less lonely when they are in an airport or a hotel. It has been proven that Muzak doeswhat it is designed to do. Tired office workers suddenly have more energy when they hear the pleasant sound of Muzak in the background. 74 Supermarket shoppers buy 38 percent more groceries.‎ ‎ 75 . They say it's boring to hear the same songs all the time. But other people enjoy hearing Muzak in public places. They say it helps them relax and feel calm. One way or another, Muzak affects everyone. Some farmers even say their cows give more milk when they hear Muzak!‎ ‎ A. Some people don't like Muzak. ‎ B. The music gives them extra energy.‎ C. Music is playing in the background.‎ D. Factory workers produce 13 percent more.‎ ‎ E. Muzak tends to help people understand music better.‎ F. They get as much as $4 million a year if their songs are used.‎ G. Muzak is played in most of the big supermarkets in the world.‎ ‎(2010辽宁，新课标)‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ I was ten when I first sat with my grandmother behind the cashier（收银台）in her general store. 71 I quickly learned the importance of treating customers politely and saying “thnak you.”‎ At first I was paid in candy. 72 I worked every day after school, and during the summer and on weekends and holidays from 8 a.m. to 7 p.m. My father helped me set up a bannk account. 73 ‎ By the time I was 12, My grandmother thought I had done such a good job that the promoted me to selling cosmetics（化妆品）. I developed the ability to look customers directly in the eye. Even though I was just a kid, women would ask me such things as “ What color do you think I should wear?” I took a real interest in their questions and was able to translate what they wanted into makeup（化妆）ideas. 74 ‎ The job taught me a valuable lesson: to be a successful salesperson, you didn’t need to be a ‎ Rocket scientist—you needed to be a great listener. _____expect they are NO longer women purchasing cosmetics from me; instead, they are kids who tell me which toys they would like to see designed and developed.‎ A. Later I received 50 cents an hour.‎ B. Before long, she let me sir there by myself.‎ C. I ended my selling a record amount of cosmetics.‎ D. Today I still carry that lesson with me: I listen to customers.‎ E. My grandma’s trust taught me how to handle responsibility.‎ F. Soon I found myself looking more beautiful than ever before.‎ G. Watching my money grow was more rewarding than anything I could have bought.‎ ‎71.B 72.A 73.G 74 C 75.D