高考冠词复习教师版加习题有答案解析 11页

冠词 知识梳理 一． 定义：‎ ‎ 冠词是一种虚词，放在名词前面，帮助说明名词的含义．它可以说是名词的一种标志，不能单独使用，无词义。‎ ‎ 思考：名词与冠词 ‎ “马是一种有用的动物”，表示“一类”，可以有三种说法：‎ ‎ A. A horse is a useful animal.‎ ‎ B. The horse is a useful animal.‎ ‎ C. Horses are useful animals.‎ 二.分类： 不定冠词(a/an) ‎ ‎ 定冠词(the)；‎ ‎ 零冠词(即不用冠词)‎ ‎ 重点理解：‎ ‎ 1. 泛指是指首次提到的，不限定的人或事物。‎ ‎ 2. 特指是指上文已经提到的人或事物，‎ ‎ 或是指被限制性修饰语在其后加以限定的人或事物，‎ ‎ 也可以指说话双方所默认的特定的人或事物。‎ ‎ 3. 类指是指具有共同性质或典型特征的事物的一个类别。‎ 三． 具体用法：‎ ‎（一）．不定冠词 a / an 1. ‎ 表示数量上的“一”‎ ‎ There is a nice dog. ‎ ‎ I have two brothers and a sister. ‎ ‎2. 用在表示时间、速度、价格等计量单位的名词前表示“每一”,相当于per 或every。‎ Take the medicine three times a day. ‎ The plane can get 300 kilometers an hour.‎ 2. 第一次提到某个人或事物时,通常使用不定冠词,此为“泛指”。‎ ‎ Long long ago there was an old king who had a very beautiful daughter. ‎ 3. ‎ 用在单数可数名词前,表示一类人或事物,即以一个个体代表整类人或事物,此为“类指”。‎ ‎ A horse is a useful animal.‎ I want to be a singer. ‎ 特殊：‎ 4. 用于某一个人名、地名前,使专有名词普通化。‎ ‎ 例如:‎ ‎ A Mr. Wang called you ten minutes ago. 一位王先生10分钟前打过你电话 ‎ A Mr. Li has been waiting for you.一位姓李的先生一直在等你。‎ Chongqing is known as a Shanghai of the west.重庆被称作西部的上海。‎ ‎(Shanghai 是专有名词,本句中a Shanghai 指和上海一样繁华的城市)‎ ‎5.用于序数词(后加名词)前,表示“又一个,又一次”。例如:‎ ‎ Although he has failed twice，he would like to try a third time. ‎ ‎ He tried a sixth time and succeeded.他又试第六次,结果成功了。 ‎ 6. 用在某些抽象名词前，该抽象名词前便具体化了(固定搭配) ， 表示“一种”、“一件”、“一份”等 ‎ a pleasure / a success/ a failure He went to the USA in search of a better life.‎ ‎ It is an honor for me to be invited to the party.我被邀请参加聚会是一种荣誉。‎ has a knowledge of ‎ have a preference for… ‎ a heavy rain ‎7.固定搭配 have a cold、fever; ‎ at a loss; ‎ ‎ at an early age ‎ once upon a time ‎ as a result (of)‎ in a hurry ‎ in a word ‎ once in a while ‎ have a good time ‎ have a word with 与……说句话 ‎ have/take a look (at) ‎ have/take a rest ‎ take an active part in ‎ all of a sudden ‎ ‎（二）． 定冠词 the ‎ 指出下列句子中定冠词的用法 1. 特指某(些)人或某(些)物. ‎ ‎ The man in blue is my brother.‎ 2. 上文提到过的人或物. ‎ ‎ I'd like to buy a car. The car should be powered by new energy. 我想买辆车。这辆车应该用新能源做动力。‎ 3. 指世界上独一无二的事物.‎ ‎ As is known to all, the earth is round. 众所周知，地球是圆的。‎ 4. ‎ 用在序数词和形容词最高级前面.‎ ‎ (1) winter is the coldest season .‎ ‎ (2) He is always the first to come and the last to leave.‎ 5. 用在表示方向、方位的名词前.‎ ‎ the right(右边)‎ ‎ Zhe jiang lies in the southeast of China.‎ 6. 用在表示某世纪、年代、时期或朝代的名词前。 ‎ ‎ in the Tang Dynasty; in the 1990’s(在20 世纪90 年代)‎ 7. ‎ 用在表示乐器的名词前.‎ ‎ He likes play the piano. 他喜欢弹钢琴 ‎8. 用在江河湖海、山脉、群岛前或由普通名词构成的专有名词前.‎ ‎ The Great Wall The Yellow River The WHO ‎ ‎ The Pacific Ocean The West Lake The People's Republic of China ‎ ‎9. 固定搭配 ‎ 　in the distance; in the end; at the same time; on the other hand; on the whole 特殊：‎ ‎10.用在某些形容词前表示一类人. ‎ ‎ The rich should help the poor. 富人应该帮助穷人。‎ 11. 用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示某家人.‎ ‎ 例如：the Blacks(布莱克一家)‎ ‎ The Smiths have a wonderful sense of humor.史密斯一家人很幽默.‎ 12. 用在身体的部位前。“动词+sb.+介词+the+身体某一部位”中要用the，而不用人称代词，‎ ‎ He hit me on the head. 他打了我的头。‎ ‎ catch sb. by the arm(抓住胳膊)‎ take sb. by the arm 抓住某人的手臂；‎ ‎ pat sb. on the shoulder 拍某人的肩膀 13. 用在单位名词前. ‎ 例如：measure by the metre (用米来衡量)‎ ‎ The workers are paid by the day.工人是按天结工资的。‎ ‎ I have hired a car by the hour. 我租了一个车，是按小时收费的。‎ ‎（二）． 零冠词 the 　‎ ‎　1.不可数名词，复数名词前表泛指 　‎ ‎ 　Horses are useful animals.‎ ‎ Water is changed into steam by heat and into ice by cold.水加热变成蒸汽,遇冷则变成冰。‎ ‎ 2. 表示节日、月份、星期、学科、运动项目以及三餐饭的名称的名词前通常不用冠词。‎ ‎ 例如: Christmas (Day)is coming.‎ ‎ We will hold a meeting on Friday.‎ ‎ Maths is as interesting as physics.‎ ‎ Let's go and play football, shall we?‎ ‎ Let's go and watch them play chess.‎ ‎ We went out for a walk after supper.　 ‎ ‎ 3. 球类、棋类、学科等名称前，一般不加冠词。 ‎ ‎ play football; play chess ‎ ‎ 4. 称呼、头衔、职务等表示抽象性质的名词前，不加冠词。 ‎ ‎ Doctor, I am not feeling well.‎ ‎ Bush Jr. was elected president of the United States. 5. 中国乐器前不加冠词。 play erhu; play piba ‎ 6. 在与by连用交通工具名称前不加冠词。 by car; by train ‎ 四．易错点梳理 ‎（一） a,an 区别 ‎ 基本区别 ‎ 1. a用在辅音音素开头的单词前,an 用在以元音音素开头的单词前．‎ ‎ 2. 判断一个词是元音还是辅音开头是根据其读音的而不是字母．‎ ‎ 如一般情况： ‎ ‎ a boy a desk ‎ an apple, an excellent student an interesting book an office an umbrella, ‎ ‎ 特殊：‎ ‎ 1) ____ European village _____university, _____useful book, _____ uniform ____usual thing ‎ 2) ____ hour ____ honest boy, ____one-year dog ‎（二）序数词前加定冠词与不定冠词的区别 ‎ the+序数词，表示“第几……，‎ ‎ a+序数词表示 “又一……， 再一……”‎ ‎ eg:The cake is delicious, and I would like a second one. 蛋糕很好吃，我想再吃一块。‎ ‎（三）、a number of , the number of 的区别 ‎ A number of 意思是“许多”，相当于many；‎ ‎ The number of 意思是“…….的数量，…….的数目”，作主语时，谓语动词用三单形式。‎ ‎ eg: A number of students_____ (like) playing computer games.‎ ‎ The number of students_____ (be )about 1,500 in our school.‎ ‎ ‎ (四） ‎、a singer and dancer 两个名词共用一个冠词，表示同一人或物；‎ ‎ a singer and a dancer两个名词前各有冠词时，则表示两个人或物。‎ ‎ eg: The teacher and writer_____ come. 那位教师兼作家已经来了。‎ ‎ The teacher and the writer_____ come. 那位教师和那位作家已经来了。‎ ‎（五）in front of 表示“在……前面”，相当于before, ‎ ‎ in the front of 则表示“在某物内部的前部”。‎ 例：The driver saw a boy standing in front of the bus. 司机看见一个男孩站在公共汽车的前面。‎ The drive sat in the front of the bus. 司机坐在公共汽车的前部。‎ ‎（六）、当名词被其它词修饰时，不定冠词a,an的位置应注意。(重点）‎ ‎（1）不定冠词与so, as, too, how 等连用时的位置 so as ‎ 结构： too +形容词 + a(an) +名词 How 例：‎ I’ve never seen so tall a tree. 我从没见过这么市制树。= I’ve never seen such a tall tree.‎ It’s too difficult a book for beginners. 这本书对初学者来说太难了。‎ He is as clever a boy as Tom. 他是像汤姆一样聪明的孩子。‎ How beautiful a bird it is! 这是一只多漂亮的鸟啊！‎ ‎（2）当名词前面有形容词和quite, rather, 或very ,时，不定冠词位于quite, rather之后，very 之前。‎ 结构： quite a +单数可数名词 ‎ rather a+单数可数名词 ‎ a very +单数可数名词 例： He is quite an honest man. 他是个非常诚实的人。‎ ‎ He is rather a gentleman. 他真是一位绅士。‎ ‎ It is a very good book. 这是一本很好的书。‎ ‎（3）不定冠词与such , half , what , many , 等连用时的位置。‎ such a +单数可数名词 结构： half a +单数可数名词 what a+单数可数名词 many a+单数可数名词(谓语动词用三单)‎ （六） 名词前有无冠词有很大区别的用法对比：（了解）‎ ‎1. 区分：go to school 和go to the school ‎ 某些个体名词，如：school, church, hospital, bed, prison, table 等，‎ ‎ 表示抽象意义或相关的活动时，不加冠词；而如果表示具体地点，则要加定冠词。‎ ‎ 例：The children go to school at seven every morning. 孩子们每天早晨7 点钟上学。‎ ‎ Father went to the school to see Mr. Chen. 父亲去学校看望陈老师。‎ ‎ 同理：‎ ‎ go to school 去上学 go to the school （因事）去学校 ‎ go to church去做礼拜 go to the church 去教堂里 ‎ ‎ go to hospital 去看病 go to the hospital 去医院 ‎ ‎ in hospital 住院 in the hospital （因事）在医院 ‎ in class 在上课 in the class 在班级里面 ‎ ‎ at table 在进餐 at the table 在桌子旁边 ‎ ‎ at desk 在读书 at the desk 在课桌旁 ‎ ‎ by sea 乘船 by the sea 在海边 ‎ ‎ in bed 卧床 in the bed 在床上 in prison 坐牢 in the prison （因事）在监狱 ‎ ‎ go to bed 上床睡觉 go to the bed 在床上 2. sb. be in charge of sth. 某人负责某事物 ‎ ‎ sth. be in the charge of sb. 某事物由某人掌管 ‎3 .take place 发生 take the place 代替 例：The accident took place last night. 这场事故是昨天夜里发生的。‎ ‎ John is too ill to come, so I’m taking his place. 约翰生病了，来不了，所以我将代替他。‎ ‎4.out of question 毫无疑问 out of the question 完全不可能 例： It is out of question that he will win the match. 他一定会赢得这场比赛的。‎ ‎ A holiday for me this year is out of the question. 我今天休假是不可能的了。‎ ‎5. next week (month) 下周（下个月）（以现在看将来）‎ the next week (month) 第二周（下个月） （在过去某一时间之后）‎ 例：He will return next week. 他下周返回。‎ ‎ He returned on May 10th and flew to Beijing the next week. ‎ ‎ 他五月十号返回的，第二周又飞住北京去了。‎ ‎6. on earth 究竟，到底（用于加强语气）‎ on the earth 在地球上 ‎ 例：What on earth do you want? 你究竟要什么？‎ ‎ There are all kinds of living things on the earth. 地球上有各种各们的生物。‎ 各地中考英语真题分类汇编——冠词 1、 This is ______ story-book. It was written by Yang Hongying. A. the B. a C. an 【答案】B 考查冠词用法a用在以辅音（指辅音音素）开头的词前，an用在以元音（指元音音素）的词前。the表示特指。本题意思是，这是一本故事书。它是有杨洪基写的。story是以辅音音素开头，故选B。 2、 —Who’s that girl? —You mean ______ one with long blond hair? That's Jack’s daughter. A. a B. an C. the D.不填 【答案】C 考查冠词的用法。the表示特指，指代“留着长发的那个女孩”。 3、. Victor can play ______ piano. He can join the music club. A. a B. an C. the 【答案】C 考查冠词用法。a用在以辅音（指辅音音素）开头的词前，an用在以元音（指元音音素）的词前。the表示特指或者一些固定用法，比如用在乐器的前面，必须用定冠词the. 根据句意：维克托会弹钢琴，他可以加入音乐俱乐部。 故选C. 4、. There is no living thing on __________moon. A. the B. a C. 不填 【答案】A 【解析】选A。考查冠词的用法。世界上独一无二的事物前需要加定冠词the, 如the sun , the earth等。此处句意为：月球上没有生命。故选A。 5. Bill likes playing_____basketball, but he doesn’t like playing_____piano. A. the, the B. /, the C. the, / 【答案】B 6. ______ Greens are preparing for the coming Thanksgiving Day. A.‎ ‎ / B. A C. An D. The 【答案】D 7. -----What ___________bad weather it is today! -------Yes, _____________ weather makes me so sad. A. a; a B. /; the C. an; the D. the; a 【答案】B 8. ______ girl who will perform at the party tomorrow comes from ______ European country. A. The； a B. A； the C. The； an 【答案】A 9. –People can’t live without _________________ water. ---Yes, I think so. A. a B. an C. the D. 不填 【答案】D 【2012湖北咸宁】21.―What do you want to be in the future, John? ― I want to be _____ fashion designer. It is ______ amazing job. A. a ; the B. an; a C. a; an D. an; the 【答案】C 10. There is _____ old bridge near my house. A. a B. an C. the 【答案】B 11. This summer, I’m going to visit_____ Great wall. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】C 12. In order to find ______ better job, she planned to learn ______ second foreign language. A. the；a B. a；a C. the；the D. a；the 【答案】B 13. “Will the charity show be_____ success? ”I kept asking myself. A. a B. an C. the D. 不填 【答案】A 14. Helen has ____ lovely pet dog._____ dog is clever enough to bring her newspapers every evening. A. a ; A B. the ; The C. a ; The D. the ；A 【答案】C 15.My mother is ____ English teacher in a university in Beijing. A.a B.an C.the D./ 【答案】B 16. We will see ______ even strong China in ______ near future. A. a; the B. an; the C. the; a D. an; a 【答案】B 17. _______girl riding a bike is ________university student. A. A, an B. The, an C. A, the D. The, a 【解析】D. 冠词。表示“特指”，填定冠词the；以辅音音素开头的词前用不定冠词a，故选D答案。 18. —Would you like _____red dress as a birthday present, Mary? — ‎ Sorry, mom. I prefer _____orange one. A. an; an B. a; a C. an; a D. a; an 【答案】D 19. ‎_______15th International Film Festival will be held in Shanghai. A.The B. An C. A　　　　D. 【答案】 A 【解析】考查冠词的用法。定冠词the用在序数词前。句意：第十五届国际电影节将在上海被举办。 ‎ ‎ 20、Peer is ____________ honest boy and ___________ good friend of mine. A. a; the. B. the; an C. a; an D. an; a D 21. This is ______ interesting movie and it’s also______ most interesting one I’ve ever seen. A. an; a B. an; the C. a; the 【答案】B 22. Hurry up! If we miss ________ last bus, we’ll have to get home by ________taxi. A. a; 不填 B. the ; a C. the;不填 D. a; a 【答案】C 23. —Who’s that girl? —You mean ______ one with long blond hair? That's Jack’s daughter. A. a B. an C. the D.不填 【答案】C 24. A new road was built between our village and the town. _____ road is wide and clean. A. 不填 B. The C. A 【答案】B 25. London will hold _____30th Olympic Games in July, 2012. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】C ‎ 链接高考：‎ ‎1.（2014陕西卷） ________ village where I was born has grown into ________ town.‎ A. The; a B. A; the C. The; the D. A; a ‎【答案】A 本题第一空后面的名词vellage的后面有定语从句where I was born修饰，说明该词表示特指，使用定冠词the表示特指。第二空后的名词town是一个可数名词，使用a修饰，表示泛指。句义：我出生的那个小山村已经成为了一个小镇。根据句义说明A正确。‎ ‎2.（2014重庆卷 I can’t tell you ____ way to the Wilsons' because we don’t have_____ Wilson here in the village.‎ A.the； a B.a; / C. a; the D.the ; /‎ ‎【答案】A 本题第一空后名词way有介词短语to the Wilson’s 修饰，说明特指Wilson家的路。所以使用定冠词the表示特指。而第二空后的名词Wilson是一个人名，通常都是单独使用，但是本题中使用a修饰，泛指一个名叫Wilson的人。句意：我无法告诉你去Wilson家的路，因为在这个村子里没有一个名叫Wilson的人。故A正确。‎ 3. ‎【2013陕 Marco Polo is said to have sailed on__  Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in  ___  thirteenth century.‎ A. the; a            B. a; /        C. /; the       D. the; the ‎【答案】D 第一空指独一无二的事物用the；第二空为固定短语，表示在多少世纪“in the –th century”，‎ ‎ 需加定冠词。故答案为D。‎ ‎4.【2012江西卷】The Smiths don’ usually stay at  ______ hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by ______ sea.‎ ‎ A．/; a  B．the; the  C．/; the  D．the; a ‎【答案】C   hotel为复数，前不会用定冠词the来修饰；江，河，湖，海前要加定冠词 ‎5.【2012全国II】.He missed ____ gold in the high jump, but will get ____ second chance in the long jump.‎ ‎ A. the; the B. /; a C. the; a D. a; /‎ ‎【答案】C 此句的第一空特指“跳高中的金牌”，故用定冠词the；第二空为：再得到一次机会，泛指 “一次机会”。句意：他在跳高中失去了金牌，但他在跳远中将得到一次机会。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎