2020版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练（19）（含解析） 11页

1 2019 版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练（19） 李仕才 A (2017·兰州高考诊断考试) Most episodes of absentmindedness—forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room—are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter.“You’re supposed to remember something, but you haven’t encoded it deeply.” Encoding，Schacter explains，is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create an annoying situation. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don’t pay attention to what you did because you’re involved in a conversation, you’ ll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your wardrobe(衣 柜). “Your memory itself isn’t failing you, ” says Schacter. “Rather, you didn’t give your memory system the information it needed. ” Lack of interest can also lead to absentmindedness. “A man who recites sports statistics from 30 years ago, ”says Zelinski, “may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox.” Women have slightly better memory than men, possibly because they are more interested in what’s happening around them, and memory relies on just that. Visual cues(提示) can help prevent absentmindedness, says Schacter. “But be sure the cue is clear and available, ”he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table—don’t leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket. Another common episode of absentmindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you’re there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. “Everyone does this from time to time, ” says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you’ll likely remember. 1．What does the underlined word “episodes” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Experiences. B．Experiments. C．Expressions. D．Feelings. 2 2．According to the passage, women have better memory than men probably because________． A．they have a wider range of interests B．they always put things where they were C．they pay more attention to their environment D．they prefer to write notes to tell themselves what they should do 3．What can help prevent absentmindedness according to Schacter? A．Writing notes. B．Taking some medicine. C．Putting something in sight. D．Returning to where you were. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．A Way of Recalling B．The Importance of Encoding C．Cures for Absentmindedness D．Causes and Coping Strategies of Absentmindedness 参考答案 1—4、ACCD B (2015·山西大学附中第五次月考) Paper is a cheap and accessible medium that can produce beautiful results.To most people，making a paper plane could be one of the simplest things to do.It’s the simplest and easiest form of paper art.And paper art can be traced back to Japan, where it originated over a thousand years ago.However, there’s a special minority who takes paper art to the next level，magically turning the plain white or colored paper into 3 some of the most amazing artworks.Check out the following artists and their works! The Danish artist Peter Callesen is famous for his talent in combining the minimalism(极简的) of a white sheet of paper with the complexity of carefully cut and folded paper and uses the two to build out some pleasing works. The British artist Su Blackwell often goes to secondhand bookstores—to look for materials with which she can carve out delicate sculptures.The models look as if they “grow” naturally from the pages of the books.The artist finds inspiration from the book title or a paragraph or picture inside and then spends months carefully slicing each one into an eyecatching paper model.Her old book sculptures sell for up to ￡5， 000 each. By carefully folding simple pieces of paper, German artist Simon Schubert creates amazing masterpieces.He turns paper into architectural masterpieces by folding a simple piece of paper to shape the creases(褶痕), then unfolding it to show the fascinating artwork. Another master of paperfolding is Jen Stark.Her artwork is often in the form of colorful caves and topographic(地形的) maps.Using her vivid imagination and a special knife, she is a modern day magician who turns humble materials like construction paper and glue into fantastic，complicated sculptures that puzzle the eyes.Her work draws inspiration from nature. 1．According to the passage, paper art ________． A．is about planefolding B．is most prosperous in Japan 4 C．dates back to 1000 B．C. D．is now on a new level 2．The British artist mentioned in the passage ________． A．combines the minimalism and complexity of paper B．often gets inspired by secondhand books C．makes architectural masterpieces with Simon Schubert D．is a magician who uses simple paper materials 3．According to the passage, Jen Stark ________． A．is from Germany B．uses paper to build complicated shapes C．creates things too puzzling to understand D．works also as a magician 4．What does the underlined word “humble” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Common and popular. B．Simple and cheap. C．Useless and priceless. D．Numb and meaningless. 【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。纸艺术历史悠久，当今纸艺术已发展到了一个新高度。 本文主要介绍了几个在纸艺术方面造诣颇深的艺术家。 1．解析：选 D。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However，there’s a special minority who takes paper art to the next level，magically turning the plain white or colored paper into some of the most amazing artworks.”可知，现在有一些人能魔术般地将普通 的白纸或彩纸制作成令人惊叹的艺术作品，将纸艺术发展到了一个新的水平。故答案选 D。 5 2．解析：选 B。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The British artist Su Blackwell often goes to secondhand bookstores...The artist finds inspiration from the book title or a paragraph or picture inside”可知，文章中所提到的这位英国艺术家经常从旧书中得到 灵感。故答案选 B。 3．解析：选 B。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“she is a modern day magician who turns humble materials like construction paper and glue into fantastic，complicated sculptures that puzzle the eyes”可知，Jen Stark 可以将纸变成形状复杂、令人惊异的 艺术作品。故答案选 B。 4．解析：选 B。词义猜测题。“humble”后面的“construction paper and glue”意为 “美术纸和胶水”，且和下文“fantastic，complicated sculptures”形成对比可知，美术 纸和胶水都是一些很简单且便宜的物品；由此可推知，“humble”的意思应为“简单的，便宜 的”。故答案选 B。 C BLOOD DRIVE ＆ MARROW（骨髓）REGISTRATION “These patients deserve a chance at a normal, happy future and they rely on the kindness of the strangers to make that happen. — Daisy, Isabelle’s Mother Isabelle is the daughter of Daisy and Saman Mirzaei. In January 2008 Isabelle was diagnosed（诊断）with a genetic blood disorder，beta thalassemia. Isabelle’s body is unable to produce healthy red blood cells. As a result, Isabelle has been receiving blood transfusions (输血) every 4-6weeks since she was 11 months old. A lifetime of regular transfusions can lead to serious medical problems. Her only chance at a normal, healthy life is to have a marrow transplant. Isabelle is an only child, so doctors have started a search for an unrelated marrow donor through The Match Registry. The Mirzaei family asks that you consider helping patients like Isabelle by registering to be a marrow donor and give the gift of life, the gift of blood. Held at Wiley Hall 6 Wednesday, March 26, 2014 Behind Heathman Dormitory/Butterfield Rd. 12:00 PM - 6 :00 PM Don’t forget to bring your driver’s license or another form of identification when you donate. Visit www.ribc.org to make an appointment, Sponsor Code 3390. FREE Kingston Pizza ! ! ! Marrow Donors: BE THE MATCH bethematch.org ·be 18 to 44 years old ·in good health ·give a swab(化验标本)of your cheek cells for marrow typing ·FREE—sponsored（赞助）by Michael’s Fund WWW. ribc. org 800-283-8385 The Rhode Island Blood Center distributes blood products to hospitals in Rhode Island and Southern New England. 1. We can learn from the passage that__________. A. the blood drive is organized by Isabelle's mother B. Isabelle receives blood transfusions regularly C. Isabelle has been ill for 11 months D. doctors will sponsor Isabelle's family 2. To be a marrow donor, you must_____________. A. be a relative of the patient B. carry a driver's license C. be at least 18 years old D. apply to Michael's Fund 3 . Those who want to help patients like Isabelle can ___________. A. come to Wiley Hall every Wednesday B. visit www. ribc. org for an appointment C. contact their parents at 800-283-8385 D. call at hospitals in Rhode Island 文章大意：本文是一则公益广告，号召人们为了那些需要进行骨髓移植的人捐献骨髓。介绍了 与之相关的具体信息。 1. B 。细节题。根据文章第一段 3,4 行. As a result, Isabelle has been receiving blood transfusions (输血) every 4-6weeks since she was 11 months old.可知她自从她 11 个月 以来，就一直在接受输血。故 B 正确。 7 2.C。细节题。根据 be 18 to 44 years old 可知捐献者必须是在 18-44 岁之间。故 C 正确。 3. B。细节题。根据 Visit www.ribc.org to make an appointment, Sponsor Code 3390.可 知愿意捐献的人可以访问这个网址进行联系约定。故 B 正确。 D (2015·河北衡水中学二模) The earth provides us with almost everything that we need to eat, sleep, work and entertain.To do all this, we use the earth’s resources.Because some of us have more buying power, they end up using more resources than they usually need.At the same time, we also create a great deal of waste and pollution.So we also need to think about how much land we use to deal with that waste.Then two things happen：first，large numbers of the world’s population get much less resources than they need to live；second, the earth is damaged. The amounts of resources we consumed are like footprints.They show whose lifestyles are a burden on the earth and whose lifestyles are not.Because a few people eat up most of the earth’s resources, the majority have to bear the consequences —like pollution. This is the ecological footprints that the earth keeps in its memory. Some years ago, a famous expert, called William Rees, developed this idea of the ecological footprints.Today, this idea has become like a magnifying glass(放大镜)．It allows us to see whether we are living lives in a way that keeps the earth in a reasonably good shape.Once the earth goes out of shape, there is no hope for human beings. Countries like the United States and Canada have big ecological footprints.Rees calculated that the average amount of energy and materials consumed by a Canadian is what a land of 4.3 hectares can produce.India has a footprint of 0.4.This means that 8 the energy and materials consumed by an Indian is what 0.4 hectares of land can produce.But if we look more carefully，we will find that even within India, the footprints of the city Indian are much larger than the rural Indian. 1．Which of the following is the best title for this text? A．Footprints on the Earth B．How to Protect the Earth C．Footprints of Wild Animals D．How to Reduce Pollution on the Earth 2．Our footprints on the earth refer to ________． A．the cities we build B．the cultures we create C．the marks we leave on roads behind us D．the resources we use and the waste we produce 3．According to the text, rich people ________． A．should give more money to the poor B．are using too many resources C．are helping the poor to live better lives D．should live in rural areas with the poor 4．We learn from the text that Rees ________． A．put forward the idea of the ecological footprints B．thought highly of the United States and Canada C．thought India was an extremely poor country 9 D．thought rich people made great contributions to society 【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。我们消费及浪费的能源数量就是留在地球上的脚印， 脚印越多说明消费的资源越多，给地球造成的负担越重。一旦把地球踩得变了形，那人类就没 有了生存的希望。 1．解析：选 A。标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，第二段是本文的主题段。根据第二段第一 句主题句“The amounts of resources we consumed are like footprints.”并结合下文中 多次提到的“footprints”可知，A 项意为“地球上的脚印”，适合做标题。故答案选 A。 2．解析：选 D。细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“The amounts of resources we consumed are like footprints.”可知，地球上的脚印指的是我们消费的能源数量。故答案选 D。 3．解析：选 B。推理判断题。根据第一段第三句“Because some of us have more buying power，they end up using more resources than they usually need.”可知，有更强购买 力的人使用的资源超过了他们的实际需要，即富人消耗的资源太多。故答案选 B。 4．解析：选 A。细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Some years ago...William Rees， developed this idea of the ecological footprints.”可知，答案选 A。 E What is the first thing you notice when you walk into a shop? The products displayed at the entrance? Or the soft background music? But have you ever notice the smell? Unless it is bad, the answer is likely to be no. But while a shop’s scent may not be outstanding compared with sights and sounds, it is certainly there. And it is providing to be an increasing powerful tool in encouraging people to purchase. A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and out to the entrance, via scent machines. A smell may be attractive but it may not just be used for freshening air. One sports goods company once reported that when it first introduced scent into its stores, customers’ intension to purchase increased by 80 percent. When it comes to the best shopping streets in Pairs, scent is just as important to 10 a brand’s success as the quality of its window displays and goods on sale. That is mainly because shopping is a very different experience to what it used to be. Now the rise of electronic commerce (e-commerce)has opened up famous brands to a wider audience. But while e-shops can use sights and sounds, only bricks-and-mortar shops(实 体店)can offer a full experience from the minute customers step through the door to the moment they leave. Another brand store seeks to be much more than a shop, but rather a destination. And scent is just one way to achieve this. Now, a famous store uses complex man-made smell to make sure that the soft scent of baby powder floats through the kid department, and coconut scent in the swimsuit section. A department store has even opened a new lab, inviting customers on a journey into the store’s windows to smell books, pots and drawers, in search of their perfect scent. 1. According to the passage, what is an increasingly powerful tool in the success of some brand store? A.Friendly assistant. B.Unique scents. C.Soft background music D.Attractive window display. 2. E-shops are mentioned in the passage to _______ . A. show the advantages of brick-and-mortar stores B. urge shop assistants to change their attitude C. push stores to use sights and sounds D. introduce the rise of e-commerce 3. Which statement would the writer agree with? A.Put different shop on the products on display. B.Ask every shop assistant to wear light perfume. C.Place fragrant flowers in the shop D.Expose some coffee bean to air inside a coffee shop. 4. The main purpose of the passage is to ______ . A. compare and evaluate 11 B. examine and assess C. inform and explain D. argue and discuss 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了采用香味提高销售量的理念。文章讲述了香味 对于传统实体店的影响。各大品牌店都加强了味觉对顾客消费欲求的刺激，并根据商品不同调 节香味。 1. B【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段＂But while a shop’s scent may not be outstanding compared with sights and sounds, it is certainly there. And it is providing to be an increasing powerful tool in encouraging people to purchase.＂可知，一些 商店的成功中，独特的香味起着重要的作用。故选 B。 3. D【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段的句子＂A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and out to the entrance, via scent machines. A smell may be attractive but it may not just be used for freshening air.＂可知，作者认为气味在商店的成功方面起着重要的作用，所以他 认为 咖啡店应该将咖啡豆暴露于空气中。故选 D。 4. C【解析】主旨大意题。这篇文章主要是告诉读者香味对购物心理的影响，所以重在介绍和 解释香味对 于实体店的影响。故选 C。