2019高考英语郑州二轮练习资料：阅读理解04含解析 19页

‎2019高考英语郑州二轮练习资料：阅读理解04含解析 ‎ (七)‎ A ‎(2017·西城二模，A)‎ On Christmas morning, I went to the Cockhedge Mall. People there were all busy buying their last minute requirements. I needed to buy a birthday card for my soninlaw whose birthday is the 29th of December. Picking up a few more things as well as my cared I went to join the line for the express checkout which was for people who only had a few items in a basket and not a trolley load. This line was next to the Customer Service Desk.‎ Seemingly waiting quite a long time，I was jogged out of my thoughts by a voice behind me making comments on the things I bought.‎ It was so funny when I realized that she was describing the contents of my basket. The owner of the voice was a very pretty young lady. I said to her that I was going to buy a box of Christmas cookies but the only ones left were not to my liking. The lady told me that just opposite Cockhedge in Superdrug they had lots of cookies. I said, I'm not going to bother now. I had enough of shops and I'm going home.‎ The assistant from the Customer Service came across at this time, saying, “If there is anyone in the line with a few items in their basket, none of which needed to be weighed, I will check out their groceries at the desk.” Because I had the sprouts which needed to be weighted, the young lady accepted the offer and walked away waving goodbye.‎ Eventually my turn came at the checkout. I was walking away when I met my new friend once again who handed me a beautiful box of Christmas cookies. With a big hug she said “Hope you have a lovely Christmas.” She had been into Superdrug to buy me the cookies while I was still queuing in Cockhedge.‎ What a generosity to a stranger! I was so surprised you could have knocked me down with a feather. My Good Samaritan would never know what a joyful Christmas day I had with my family. Telling them this story, as we ate around the table, kept everyone spellbound.‎ 圣诞购物时，一位陌生的女士在排队交款时的闲聊中知道“我”想买圣诞甜饼而这家店里没有，她为“我”推荐了一家商店，见“我”没有时间去买，就主动买来给“我”。小小的慷慨之举温暖人心，令人感到快乐。‎ ‎1．The underlined word “spellbound” in the last paragraph probably means________.‎ A. interested B. disappointed ‎ C. astonished D. frightened 答案：A。词义猜测题。由尾段内容可知，在就餐时“我”给家人说起这件事时，他们都很感兴趣。应选A。‎ ‎2．Which of the following could be the best title of the story?‎ A. A Piece of Lucky Feather B. A Surprise Christmas Gift C. The Boring Shopping Experience D. The Unforgettable Big Hug 答案：B。主旨大意题。由本文尤其是尾段描述可知B项作为标题最能表达文章主旨。‎ ‎3．How does the writer feel about the pretty young lady?‎ A. Worried. B. Satisfied. ‎ C. Grateful. D. Proud. ‎ 答案：C。由尾段前两句尤其是第一句“What a generosity to a stranger！”可知作者对那位女士是心怀感激的(grateful)。‎ ‎4．What can we learn from the story?‎ A. Nobody is sure what will happen the next moment.‎ B. A simple action can bring other people happiness.‎ C. Being patient will decrease the waiting time.‎ D. Life without hope and faith is a full thing.‎ 答案：B。推理判断题。此题实际考查文章主旨：小小的慷慨之举温暖人心，令人感到快乐。应选B。‎ B ‎(2017·西城二模，B)‎ Count Me Out Call me oldfashioned. Call me old. Call me what you want, but refuse to become part of this new Internet world.‎ I do not possess a computer at home or at the office. Actually，I stopped going to an office 35 years ago, when all communications were done with a pen, a typewriter, or，if the matter was of worldshaking importance, over the telephone. Likewise, if you like something advertised in a newspaper or magazine, you visited the shop selling it at the given address, or you phoned the number shown. Then you spoke to the fellow and asked for further details.‎ Tell me what you think of the following ad that appeared the other day in the newspaper. It was for a cure for cancer and this is what it said: “Awareness is the key. Visit spfulford. com at the awareness site.” There was no address or telephone number for the site. So what do unfortunate people without a computer do it when they are seeking a cure for their illness?‎ There are, I am told, certain advantages in having access to the Internet. You can, for example, send love messages across the world or even get married to someone that you meet online. This bit doesn't interest me；I have been happily married for 60 years. There are，of course, other activities for Internet users besides finding love. They can pay bills, order groceries, or discuss with their doctors.‎ And this is by no means all. More amazing things are yet to come in the near future. I read a newspaper report recently that quoted Stephen Hawking, an important British scientist. “The complexity of a computer as it exists today is probably less than the brain of an earthworm，” he ‎ said. “But, as technology advances, computers will become more complex, and a time may come when the Internet may develop ‘consciousness’. In other words，the Internet will be able to think, have feelings, and may well be able to act on its own.” ‎ If Professor Hawking is right, I may change my attitude about conjurers. As I grow older each day, I would like one of those that not only thinks for me but also accepts responsibilities for all my mistakes.‎ 本文描述了一位老人对电脑和网络的态度。‎ ‎5．What's the meaning of the title “Count Me Out” ?‎ A. Get me out of the Internet world.‎ B. Computers are trying to take control of life.‎ C. Modern technology pushes old people away.‎ D. Do not expect me to be a supporter of the Internet.‎ 答案：D。主旨大意题。由首、尾段可知答案。‎ ‎6．According to Paragraph 2，the author thinks computers are ________.‎ A. unnecessary B. convenient C. expensive D. advanced ‎ 答案：A。推理判断题。由第二段可知，作者认为多少年来没有电脑也一样什么都能做到，认为没有必要使用电脑。应选A。‎ ‎7．What might the author like about the future computer?‎ A. Taking blames. B. Curing illnesses.‎ C. Delivering messages. D. Responding to emotions. ‎ 答案：A。推理判断题。由尾段尾句“As I grow older each day, I would like one of those that not only thinks for me but also accepts responsibilities for all my mistakes.”可推知A项正确。‎ C ‎(2017·福建质检，D)‎ IT'S SUMMER !‎ ‎ Get out and enjoy it Summer is here and the weather is beautiful, providing a wealth of opportunities to enjoy outdoor activities. During the summer months, Edmonton and its surrounding areas become filled with an energy that makes physical activity the perfect companion.‎ HIKING is a great workout for any part of the body. It helps to burn those calories(卡路里) from the latenight campfire food.‎ Keeping enough water in the body is very important, especially in the heat of the summer when your body is losing water due to sweating. Carry your water bottle with you in a water carrier that fits on your body like a small backpack. For further information on hiking, visit www. fitfrog, ca. ‎ BIKING is a great workout that brings many health benefits. Take your bike with you on a holiday and you will cover far more ground than you would on foot! Bike rentals are inexpensive and it is a great way to enjoy the scenery of your vacation destination. Be sure to wear a helmet, and if you enjoy biking at night，be sure to use a light on your bike.‎ Edmonton has ‎260km of bikeways with its boundaries，making it the most largest bikeway network in North America. Visit www. edmonton, ca.‎ TEAM SPORTS are an excellent way to burn calories and stay fit while having fun with others. It is a chance for you to meet new people and build a social support network that will help you to stay motivated during the summer months.‎ A team sport to try this summer is Frisbee(飞盘). The Edmonton Association runs all the year round. For more information about joining a summer Frisbee league, visit www. edmontonfrisbee, org.‎ TAI CHI includes a number of gentle movements and simple postures(姿势) designed to relieve stress，improve balance and ability to suit various situations, and promote overall wellbeing. The mental and physical benefits Tai Chi provides make it an activity for people of all ages and all levels of fitness.‎ For further information about classes, please visit www. edmontontaichi, ca.‎ 本文为夏天在北美可参与的四项户外活动的广告。‎ ‎8．From the ad，we can inter that if you want to go biking ________.‎ A. you can only do it during a holiday B. you can't do it at late hours of the night C. you are not allowed to ride on the streets D. you do not necessarily have a bike of your own 答案：D。事实细节题。由第四段中的“Bike rentals are inexpensive...”可知D项正确。‎ ‎9．Which of the following offers information about sports that need cooperation?‎ A. www. fitfrog. ca. B. www. edmonton. ca.‎ C. www. edmontonfrisbee. org. D. www. edmontontaichi. ca.‎ 答案：C。事实细节题。由倒数第三段“A team sport to try this summer is Frisbee (飞盘)”．和段尾网址可知C项正确。‎ ‎10．Which of the following is TRUE according to the ad?‎ A. People can take up Frisbee any season.‎ B. Edmonton has bikeways all over America.‎ C. People can only take online classes for Tai Chi.‎ D. Hiking helps to gain energy from campfire food.‎ 答案：A。事实细节题。由倒数第三段首句“A team sport to try this summer is Frisbee (飞盘). The Edmonton Association runs all the year around.”可知A项正确。由第五段“Edmonton has 260km of bikeways with its boundaries”可知B项错误；文中涉及太极的倒数第二段中没有说是网上授课，故C项错误；由第二段尾句“It helps to burn those calories (卡路里) from the latenight campfire food.”可知D项中的gain错误。‎ ‎11．According to the ad，which of the following outdoor activities is suitable for a family of three generations?‎ A．Hiking. B．Biking.‎ C．Team sports. D．Tai Chi.‎ 答案：D。推理判断题。由倒数第二段尾句可推断出D项正确。‎ D ‎(2017·合肥第二次质检，E)‎ Fujitsu, a Japanese technology company, has created a system capable of simultaneously (同时地)charging multiple portable electronic devices such as mobile phones, digital cameras and laptop computers without the need for cable connections.‎ Electric car users may also eventually be able to charge their vehicles wirelessly using the same technology, said the company, which developed a sample system at Osaka‎ Prefecture ‎University. Claiming to be the world's first of its kind，the technology works on the basis of the transmission of electricity using magnetic fields between the charger and the electronic device.‎ The system enables wireless charging at distances of up to several meters. With the final aim of installing public “charging spots” on the streets in order to enable easy charging around the clock, scientists at Fujitsu Labs are planning to commercially sell products incorporating the new ‎ wireless charging system as early as 2018 but have not yet decided how much they would cost.‎ ‎ “This technology paves the way to integrating compact wireless charging functions into mobile phones and enabling multiple portable devices to be charged simultaneously without any restrictions on their position relating to the charger，” the company said in a statement. ‎ Mobile phone users in Japan can currently charge their batteries using the disposable portable plugin batteryoperated device, available at most train stations and convenience stores. However, phone companies warn long time use of it can damage the phones.‎ The company added, “We are also looking at applying the results of this work to fields other than portable electronics, including power transmission between circuit boards (电路板) or computer chips, and providing mobile charging systems for electric cars.” ‎ 日本的一家公司发明了一种无线充电系统，利用该充电器和用电器之间的磁场充电。 ‎ ‎12．This passage most probably taken from ________.‎ A. an instructive brochure B. readers' feedback C. a news report D. a brief introduction ‎ 答案：C。推理判断题。从文章的内容可推断出这是一则新闻报道，报道了一项日本新的无线充电技术。另外此类题也可借助常识利用排除法解题。‎ ‎13．Which of the following can best describe the striking feature of this system?‎ A. It enables wireless charging at distances of up to several miles.‎ B. It enables you to charge your device very easily beside the clock.‎ C. It is wireless and makes multiple charging at the same time.‎ D. It can be bought at any formal supermarkets in the city.‎ 答案：C。事实细节题。由第二段首句中的关键词charge their vehicles wirelessly和倒数第三段中的wireless charging...可知C项正确。‎ ‎14．The underlined word “it” in paragraph 5 refers to________.‎ A. the device B. the system C. the phone D. the battery 答案：A。词义猜测题。由倒数第二段可知，it指代的是它前面的the disposable portable plugin batteryoperated device，应选A。‎ ‎15．The best title for the text would be ________.‎ A. Fujitsu, a famous Japanese company B. Power transmission between circuit boards C. New wireless charging system developed D. Mobile phones damaged by charging 答案：C。主旨大意题。本文主题很明确，就是介绍日本新研发的一种无线充电系统。‎ E ‎(2017·厦门适应性考试，E)‎ The Nez Perce Indians are a tribe that lived in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. At the time of the Lewis and Clark expedition(远征队), which was one of the first journeys by Americans from the Atlantic coast to the Pacific coast and back again, the Nez Perce territory(领土) covered about 17 million acres, covering parts of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. But that was a brief sweet history.‎ In September 1805, when Lewis and Clark came off the Rockies on their westward journey, the entire exploring party was hungry and ill—too weak to defend themselves. Had the Nez Perce chosen to attack them, they could have put an end to the Lewis and Clark expedition there on the banks of Clearwater River. Instead the Nez Perce welcomed the white Americans and looked after them until they made a full recovery. ‎ Thus began a long friendship between the Nez Perce and white Americans. But white men's greed for land and gold finally broke the friendship.‎ In 1855 Governor Isaac Stevens of Washington‎ ‎Territory invited the Nez Perce to a peace conference. He said there were a great many white people in the country, and many more would come. But the chief of the tribe at that time, Old Joseph, replied, “Take away your paper. I will not touch it with my hand.”‎ Things were quiet for a while after that, but not for long. When Old Joseph died, the chiefship was passed onto Young Joseph. In the late 1870s, government officials came to order the Nez Perce to leave the Wallowa‎ ‎Valley and then began hard battles between the Nez Perce and the white soldiers. After the tribe had fought thirteen battles and moved 1,600 miles towards Canada in an attempt to retreat (撤退) north, Young Joseph, gave in to the United States Army. Here was his famous statement, “Hear me my chiefs. I am tired; my heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands I will fight no more forever.”‎ In 1885, Chief Joseph was sent along with many of his band to the Colville Reservation in Washington where Joseph continued to lead his band for another 25 years, at times coming into conflict with the leaders of 11 other tribes living on the reservation. ‎ 本文讲述了印第安部落The Nez Perce与白人的恩怨。‎ ‎16. What is TRUE of the Lewis and Clark expedition?‎ A. They were well cared for by the Nez Perce.‎ B. They ended their expedition on the banks of Clearwater River.‎ C. They started the first battle with the Nez Perce.‎ D. They were the first Americans to travel from the Atlantic to the Pacific.‎ 答案：A。推理判断题。由第二段第三句话“Instead the Nez Perce welcomed the white ‎ Americans and looked after them until they made a full recovery. ”可知，the Nez Perce照顾探险队直到他们完全康复，因此A项正确；第二段第二句话“Had the Nez Perce chosen to attack them, they could have put an end to the Lewis and Clark expedition there on the banks of Clearwater River.”是虚拟语气，是假设，所以B项错误；C项错误，文中找不到根据；由第一段第二句话“...which was one of the first journeys by Americans from the Atlantic coast to the Pacific coast and back again...”可知，D项错误，是最早之一而不是第一次。‎ ‎17. What ended the friendship between the Nez Perce and the Whites?‎ A. Old Joseph's proud manner.‎ B. The breakdown of the peace talk.‎ C. A growing number of white men in the land.‎ D. White men's increasing demand for land and gold.‎ 答案：D。细节理解题。由第三段第二句话“But white men's greed for land and gold finally broke the friendship.”可知，白人的贪婪破坏了他们的友谊。‎ ‎18．Young Joseph gave in at last because ________.‎ A. he grew older B. he was terribly ill C. he hated the war D. he lost other chiefs' support 答案：C。推理判断题。由第五段最后Joseph说的话可知，他对战争厌倦了。‎ ‎19. Which map most probably shows the path the Nez Perce took in the late 1870s?‎ 答案：A。识图理解题。由第一段第一句话“The Nez Perce Indians are a tribe that lived in the Pacific Northwest of the United States.”和第五段“After the tribe had fought thirteen battles and moved 1,600 miles towards Canada in an attempt to retreat (撤退) north”可知，The Nez Perce Indians是从美国西北部向北朝加拿大方向撤退，因此A图正确。‎ ‎20. The passage might be followed by a paragraph about ________.‎ A. the customs and traditions of the Nez Perce Indians B. the last years of Chief Joseph in the Colville Reservation C. lasting fights between the Nez Perce and the whites D. constant conflicts between the Nez Perce and other tribes 解析：B。推理判断题。文章后三段讲的是部落首领Joseph，因此接下来会讲他在保留地里的最后的生活。‎ ‎(八)‎ A ‎(2017·漳州质检，A)‎ Doctors at a Boston hospital last week performed the first full face transplant in the US, attaching a donor face to a 25yearold man whose face was severely burned when his head touched a highvoltage(高压的) line three years ago.‎ A team of more than 30 surgeons and nurses worked for about 15 hours to transplant the forehead, nose, lips, facial skin, underlying muscles and the nerves that power them and provide sensation(知觉) from a donor to Wiens, whose head came in contact with a highvoltage line on Nov. 13, 2017.‎ Bohdan Pomahac, the surgeon, said the team was not able to bring back Wiens's eyesight. But Wiens should be able to regain up to 90 percent of normal sensation on the right side of his forehead, right cheek, most of his upper lip and his entire lower lip. Nerve damage was too great for there to be more than tiny sensation in the left check and left forehead, Pomahac said. ‎ Doctors say the goal of the operation was to improve Wiens's ability to breathe, eat and talk and restore his face's social expression. ‎ When Wiens recovers, he will not look like he once did, nor will he look like the donor, but “probably somewhere in the middle，” Pomahac said. The match between the donor and the recipient (接受者) was made based on race, similar age and blood type, etc. ‎ Pomahac said he was worried the operation would not be successful when he first saw Wiens. His injuries were covering so large that doctors weren't sure there were enough remaining nerves or structures to connect to a new face.‎ Pomahac said he was determined to try his best because of what a patient with similar injuries had told him some years ago. That patient had numerous surgeries(外科手术), with only modest results. When Pomahac asked why the patient sought repeated surgery, he told the doctor, “I just want a taxi to stop when I'm waiting for one.”‎ 美国波士顿医院上周成功进行了第一例面部全换手术。‎ ‎1. The first paragraph serves as a ________.‎ A. conclusion B. comment ‎ C. leadin D. background 答案：C。推理判断题。由全文可知，第一段是导入。‎ ‎2. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A. Wiens's nerve damage was too great in the left check.‎ B. The left side of Wiens's cheek should be able to regain. ‎ C. The donor's head touched a highvoltage line 3 years ago.‎ D. Pomahac was sure that the surgery would succeed at first.‎ 答案：A。细节理解题。由第三段最后一句话“Nerve damage was too great for there to be more than tiny sensation in the left check and left forehead...”可知，Wiens左侧神经伤害如此大以至于他面部左侧无法恢复，所以A项正确而B项错误；由第一段可知，Wiens而非捐献者在三年前头部碰到了高压线，所以C项错误；由第六段第一句话“Pomahac said he was worried the operation would not be successful when he first saw Wiens.”可知，Pomahac并不确信手术是否会成功，所以D项错误。‎ ‎3．We can learn from the passage when Wiens recovers, he will look like ________.‎ A. what he used to be B. the donor ‎ C. Bohdan Pomahac D. the donor in some way 答案：D。细节理解题。由第五段第一句话“When Wiens recovers, he will not look like he once did, nor will he look like the donor, but ‘probably somewhere in the middle，’”可知，手术后Wiens既不会像自己的过去，也不会像捐献者，而是两者的结合，所以他会长得有点像Wiens，也有点像捐献者。‎ ‎4．We can infer from the last paragraph that Pomahac's former patient ________.‎ ‎ A. experienced many surgeries with good effect ‎ B. suffered a lot because of his uglylooking face ‎ C. wanted a taxi to stop when he was waiting for one D. had a strong determination to bring back his eyesight ‎ 答案：B。推理判断题。由最后一段“...with only modest results”可知，那位病人的手术不很成功；再由病人的话可推知，该病人拦出租车时，出租车司机都不敢停车，因为病人长得太丑了。C项本身正确，但是不选，因为该项不是推理出来的，而是文章直接提到的。‎ B ‎ (2017·宁德质检，B)‎ TOEFL stands for Test of English as a Foreign Language, which assesses the proficiency (熟练) of English language of a person in an academic setting. Various institutions, scholarship programs require this test as a trusted and effective indicator of a ‎ person's ability to communicate in English.‎ TOEFL is available in CBT—Computerbased Technology, PBT—Paperbased Technology and IBT—Internetbased Test formats(形式)to assess the proficiency of English Language. IBT TOEFL is a fourhour test comprising sections: Reading, Listening, Speaking and Writing. In areas where internetbased test is not available, a paperbased test (PBT) is given. PBT is a threehour test comprising four sections: Listening, Structure and Written Expression, Reading Comprehension and Writing.‎ Taking TOEFL test opens many doors to get admission in foreign universities. More than 7,500 colleges, universities and agencies in more than 130 countries rely on TOEFL test scores to check proficiency for English Language. It is very convenient to take this test and it is available in 165 countries world wide.‎ It measures your academic skills that whether you are ready to study or train at under graduate or post graduate level in foreign universities or not. In the test candidates are provided with a passage from text books and questions based on lectures, and you can be asked to speak or write in response related to that passage.‎ As the test is made up of 100 % academic questions, so many universities consider it the most effective test, while taking any admission. To take TOEFL test you should：‎ ‎—Improve your writing skills；‎ ‎—Improve your vocabulary；‎ ‎—Practice other reading passages on the TOEFL Test；‎ ‎—Be familiar with the format of the test；‎ ‎—Practice for listening test on the TOEFL test.‎ To take admission in World's famous Harvard‎ ‎University, the minimum TOEFL score required is 587 on the paperbased test, 240 on the computerbased test, or 9495 on the internetbased TOEFL.‎ 你知道托福考试吗？本文为你一一道来。‎ ‎5. The underlined word “comprising” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________.‎ ‎ A. including B. forming ‎ C. combining D. explaining 答案：A。猜测词义题。所在句句意：IBT TOEFL是一个需要四个小时的包括听说读写四个模块的考试。所以是包括的意思。‎ ‎6. Which section is NOT included in IBT TOEFL?‎ A. Reading. B. Writing. ‎ C. Speaking. D. Structure and Written Expression.‎ 答案：D。细节理解题。由第二段第二句话“IBT TOEFL is a fourhour test comprising sections: Reading, Listening, Speaking and Writing.”可知，无D项内容。‎ ‎7．According to the passage, many students are required to take TOEFL test probably because ‎ the test can________.‎ A. improve their academic skills B. indicate their proficiency of English language C. provide scholarship programs in many countries D. decide your graduation from foreign universities 答案：B。细节理解题。由第一段第二句话“as a trusted and effective indicator of a person's ability to communicate in English.”可知，许多院校要求学生过托福考试，是因为它们认为托福考试能反映一个人的英语语言的熟练程度。‎ ‎8．What would be the best title for the passage?‎ A. Advantages of TOEFL test B. Introduction to TOEFL test C. Preparations for TOEFL test D. Assessment of TOEFL test 答案：B。主旨大意题。由文章大意可知，这是对托福考试的介绍。‎ C ‎ (2017·宁德质检，C )‎ As the world prepares to mark the 100th anniversary of International Women's Day on March 8, a new report details the progress and challenges girls face in getting an education.‎ The report—from the Education for All Fast Track Initiative—highlights the importance of girls' education for economic(经济的) and social development. It follows progress in Ethiopia, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Guinea, Mauritania, Mozambique and Niger.‎ Prema Clarke, author of Fasttracking Girls' Education, says, “Progress for girls' education is that they can leave their homes, leave their families and come to a place to study and to learn. And that's a big achievement because otherwise these girls have to stay at home, looking after their brothers and sisters, doing the cooking or doing the cleaning.”‎ She says progress toward the Millennium Development Goals and those of Education for All “is allowing and enabling girls and forcing countries to look at this issue(问题) and to ensure that interventions (干预) help girls attend school.”‎ Benefits Improving education for girls brings many benefits, says Clarke. “It means that girls can then enter the workforce. They can look after their own families much more effectively. They can prevent child death rate. They can educate their own girl children when they begin to expand their own families.” Studies show that having an educated female population helps to improve a country's health and economic wellbeing. ‎ Warnings The report says, “In developing countries, too many girls are not in school, and many girls face continuing health risks and danger just walking to class.”‎ ‎“Especially in the fragile and postconflict countries and in many of the African countries, this is a real issue，” she says. Till now, the interventions have been so focused on providing schooling and providing teachers, etc. And now I think there is much more expanded focus on looking at specific(特定的)communities of girls within atrisk groups that now need much more specific attention and much more creative solutions(解决方法) to help them attend school.‎ 在迎接第一百个国际妇女节的时候，一份报告揭示了女性教育的重要性和女性教育的进步与面临的问题。‎ ‎9. The underlined word “highlights” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________.‎ A. shows B. stresses ‎ C. remarks D. improves 答案：B。猜测词义题。所在句句意：这份报告强调了女性教育对经济和社会发展的重要性。所以是“强调”的意思。‎ ‎10. According to Clarke, improving education can provide girls with all the opportunities EXCEPT ________.‎ A. to educate their own girl children B. to prevent child death rate C. to enter the workforce D. to study abroad 答案：D。细节理解题。由Benefits下一段可知，无D项内容。‎ ‎11. This passage is intended to________.‎ A. promote the progress in girls' education B. talk about the benefits of improving girls' education C. give some information about the education girls are facing D. sing high praise for the girls' education 答案：A。推理判断题。由第一段“...a new report details the progress and challenges girls face in getting an education.”可知，该文的目的是呼吁改进对女孩的教育。‎ ‎12. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.‎ A. the girls' educational situation in developing countries is still serious B. girls were free to go wherever they wanted to in the past C. there are enough teachers in most of the African countries D. International Women's Day was first celebrated on March ‎8 in 1900‎ 答案：A。推理判断题。由倒数第二段可推知，在发展中国家，女孩的教育问题非常严重。其它选项都不对。‎ D ‎(2017·宁德质检，D)‎ With fears of a possible nuclear meltdown(核反应堆堆芯的熔毁) in Japan building up, evidence has come to light that the nation received warnings over the stability of its power plants from an international watchdog more than two years ago.‎ As the Telegraph is reporting, an official from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) said in December 2017 that safety rules were out of date, and strong earthquakes would cause a “serious problem” for the power stations.‎ A U．S. embassy document, by quoting(引用)an unnamed expert, states: “He (the IAEA official) explained that safety guides for earthquakes have only been updated three times in the last 35 years and that the IAEA is now reexamining them. Also, the presenter noted recent earthquakes in some cases have gone beyond the design basis for some nuclear plants, and that this is a serious problem that is now driving earthquake safety work.”‎ The Telegraph also reports that the government responded to the warnings by building an emergency response center at the Fukushima Daiichi plant designed to resist magnitude7.0 earthquakes. Friday's earthquake, originally named a magnitude8.9 shock, has since been upgraded to magnitude9.0.‎ Other nuclear experts state IAEA officials had willingly ignored lessons from the Chernobyl disaster to protect the nuclear industry's expansion, reports Bloomberg. “After Chernobyl, all the force of the nuclear industry was directed to hide this event, for not creating damage to their reputation，”Russian nuclear accident specialist Iouli Andreyev tells Reuters, before noting that radiation from spent fuel rods(棒)stored close to reactors at Fukushima looked like an example of putting profit before safety. “The Japanese were very greedy, and they used every square inch of the space. But when you have a dense(密集的) placing of spent fuel in the basin, you have a high possibility of fire if the water is removed from the basin.”‎ 日本核泄漏事故已经尘埃落定，但是人们应该从这一事故中汲取教训。‎ ‎13. From the passage, we know that________.‎ A. people fear that the nuclear meltdown will possibly become more and more serious in Japan ‎ B. people are becoming more and more afraid of a possible nuclear meltdown in ‎Japan C. Japan made no response to the warnings over the safety of its power plants ‎ D. Iouli Andreyev warned Japan not to store spent fuel rods close to reactors 答案：B。细节理解题。由第一段第一句话“With fears of a possible nuclear meltdown(核反应堆堆芯的熔毁) in Japan building up”可知，人们日益担心核反应堆堆芯的熔毁。‎ ‎14. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A. Japan was warned of the stability of its power plants when they were built over 2 years ago.‎ B. Safety guides for earthquakes should be updated three times in 35 years. ‎ C. The emergency response centre at the Fukushima Daiichi plant can not resist Friday's ‎ earthquake.‎ D. IAEA officials advised Japan to ignore lessons from the Chernobyl disaster.‎ 答案：C。细节理解题。由第四段可知，福岛核电站的抗震级别是七级，而周五的地震级别最终修正为九级，所以核电站的紧急应对措施不能抵抗周五的强震。‎ ‎15．IAEA officials were willing to ignore lessons from the Chernobyl disaster because they want ________.‎ A. to put profit before safety B. the nuclear industry to develop C. to protect the reputation of Japan D. every inch of land to be made good use of 答案：B。细节理解题。由最后一段第一句话“...to protect the nuclear industry's expansion”可知，切尔诺贝利核事故后，国际原子能机构愿意忽视不理该事故的教训是因为保护核工业的扩展。‎ ‎16．The writer develops this passage mainly by ________.‎ A. making comments B. providing facts C. quoting what experts say D. analysing what happened 答案：B。推理判断题。由全文可知，全文以列举事实为主要手法。‎ E ‎(2017·漳州质检，E)‎ These days a green building means more than just the color of the paint. Green building can also refer to environmentally friendly houses, factories, and offices.‎ Green building means “reducing the impact (影响) of the_building on the land”， Taryn Holowka of the U．S. Green Building Council in Washington‎ ‎D．C.‎ said.‎ According to Holowka, the building accounts for 65 percent of total U．S. electricity use. But green building can reduce energy and water use. Also, the buildings are often located near public transportation such as buses and subways, so that people can drive their cars less. That could be good for the environment, because cars use lots of gas and give off pollution. Green buildings are often built on developed land, so that the buildings don't destroy forests.‎ Marty Dettling is project manager for a building that put these ideas into action. The Solaire has been called the country's first green highrise building. According to Dettling, “We've reduced our energy use by onethird and our water by 50 percent.”‎ The Solaire cuts energy in past by using solar power. “On the face of the building we have solar panels(板) which change the sun's energy into electricity，” Dettling explained. The Solaire also has lights that automatically turn off when people leave the room. In addition, the building has lots of windows, allowing people to use the sun for light during the day. The Solaire cuts water reusing it.‎ Not everyone is eager to move into a green building, however. Some people think that things like solar panels cost more money than more traditional energy sources. Anyhow, Holowka said, “It's going to be big.”‎ 绿色建筑不仅仅是种点花花草草，不仅仅是一种颜色。真正的绿色建筑应该是节能的、环保的房子。‎ ‎17. In the second paragraph, the underlined words “the building” most probably refer to ________.‎ A. an ordinary building B. an energysaving building ‎ C. a greencolored building D. a building in WashingtonD．C.‎ 答案：A。猜测词义题。所在句意为“绿色建筑意味着减少对地上建筑物的影响。”因此，划线词意为“一般建筑物，普通建筑物”。‎ ‎18．A green building is often built on an area of land ________.‎ A. which has thick forests around ‎ B. where people of high income live C. which has already been for buildings ‎ D. where traveling around by car is most convenient ‎ 答案：C。细节理解题。由第三段最后一句话“Green buildings are often built on developed land, so that the buildings don't destroy forests.”可知，绿色建筑物常常建在已经开发为建筑用地的地方。‎ ‎19. When saying “It's going to be big”， Holowka means that green buildings________.‎ A. will be more comfortable B. will become popular in future C. will be more environmentally friendly D. will take the place of traditional building ‎ 答案：B。推理判断题。由连接词anyhow可知，不管怎样，无论如何，绿色建筑将会越来越流行。‎ ‎20. What is the main subject discussed in the text?‎ A. Green buildings help save environment.‎ B. The Solaire serves as a model of high building.‎ C. Energy shortage calls for buildings of new design.‎ D. Dettling designed the first green building in the U．S.‎.‎ 答案：A。主旨大意题。由文章大意可知。‎ ‎**********************************************************结束 C6[2018·北京卷] ‎ D Wilderness ‎“In wilderness (荒野) is the preservation of the world.” This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism. The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection: whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved.‎ As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out, there is a strong appeal in images of the wild, the untouched; more than anything else, they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly. The urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong, and the danger exploitation(开发)brings to such landscapes(景观)is real. Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans need—the rainforests, for example, store carbon in vast quantities. To Mr. Sauven, these “ecosystem services” far outweigh the gains from exploitation.‎ Lee Lane‎, a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute, takes the opposing view. He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services, such as water conservation. But that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human presence, or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation. There are ever more people on the Earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merely struggle for survival. While the ways of using resources have improved, there is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them in abundance. If they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide, the argument goes, there is no further reason not to do so. Being untouched is not, in itself, a characteristic worth valuing above all others.‎ I look forward to seeing these views taken further, and to their being challenged by the other participants. One challenge that suggests itself to me is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more directly. And there is a practical question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm.‎ This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings, but also the guidance of reason. What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking.‎ ‎67．John Sauven holds that ________.‎ A．many people value nature too much B．exploitation of wildernesses is harmful C．wildernesses provide humans with necessities D．the urge to develop the ecosystem services is strong ‎68．What is the main idea of Para.3?‎ A．The exploitation is necessary for the poor people.‎ B．Wildernesses cannot guarantee better use of raw materials.‎ C．Useful services of wildernesses are not the reason for no exploitation.‎ D．All the characteristics concerning the exploitation should be treated equally.‎ ‎69．What is the author's attitude towards this debate?‎ A．Objective. B．Disapproving.‎ C．Sceptical. D．Optimistic.‎ ‎70．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?‎ CP：Central Point　P：Point　Sp：Subpoint(次要点)‎ C：Conclusion ‎【要点综述】本文是一篇关于荒野保护的文章。作者从两个方面论述了人们的观点，并对于这一论题提出了自己的看法。‎ ‎ 67. B　细节理解题。作者在第二段中主要论述不应该开发荒野的观点，并通过John Sauven 的视角“and the danger exploitation(开发) brings to such landscapes(景观) is real.”予以说明。所以正确答案应为B。‎ ‎ 68. C　细节理解题。作者在第三段主要论述可以开发荒野的观点，并通过Lee Lane 的视角“But that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human presence, or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation.”说明荒野可以开发。所以选C。‎ ‎ 69. A　推理判断题。 作者从正反两方面对荒野开发进行了论述，谨慎地发表了看法，所以态度比较客观，应选A。objective客观的；disapproving反对的；sceptical怀疑的；optimistic乐观的。‎ ‎ 70. D　文章结构题。 本文作者首先提出中心论点，然后从正反两个方面进行了论述，然后回到自己的观点，最后对自己的观点做了进一步的阐释。因此D为最正确答案。‎ ‎***************************************************************结束