2020版高考英语一轮复习 第一部分 教材复习 题组提分练41 阅读提速练 新人教版选修8 7页

题组提分练41 阅读提速练 限时35分钟　‎ 加黑体小题训练说明文和议论文 阅读理解A　体裁：说明文　话题：文学与艺术　难度：★★☆☆☆‎ Plays are an important part of British culture. The West End theatre district in London is the best place to watch a professional play, but acting also takes place in every school and village hall across the country. ‎ There are over 2,500 nonprofessional drama groups in the UK today and they are an active part of community life. People from all walks of life take on acting roles in addition to their regular jobs. They do it for fun, for the love of acting and as a way to meet new people. ‎ Not everyone in a drama club is a skilled actor, but enthusiasm is considered to be more important than talent. Friends, family members and neighbours enjoy getting together to watch the final performance and telling the people they know to “break a leg (走运)”. It's a great way of bringing communities together. Also, in many rural parts of Britain, nonprofessional theatre is the only chance people have to see plays for miles around. ‎ Many people get a taste for acting at school. Every school puts on a play at least once per year, usually at Christmas, and parents love coming to watch their children perform. Any British person surely has happy memories of being in their school's Christmas play, whether they played the role of Mary or Joseph or perhaps even a sheep or a donkey. ‎ Another Christmas theatre tradition is the pantomimes (舞剧), which are a type of musical comedy for families. The audience is encouraged to participate in the performance—singing along with the music and shouting to the actors. Pantomimes are really fun to watch, especially for children. ‎ British people love going to the theatre, professional or not, and many of them also enjoy performing. If you have the chance, go and see a play in the UK.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　文章介绍了英国的非专业戏剧的表演的情况。‎ ‎1．What is the passage mainly about? ‎ A. Reasons why British people love plays. ‎ B. The origin of theatre traditions in the UK. ‎ C. Rules for theatregoers to follow in the UK. ‎ 7‎ D. The popularity of nonprofessional plays in the UK. ‎ 答案与解析　D　主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了英国的非专业的戏剧表演的情况，故D项正确。‎ ‎2．What matters most for an actor in a drama club, according to the passage? ‎ A. Talent. ‎ B. Enthusiasm. ‎ C. Professional training. ‎ D. Support from family. ‎ 答案与解析　B　细节理解题。从文中第三段中的“Not everyone in a drama club is a skilled actor, but enthusiasm is considered to be more important than talent”可知在戏剧俱乐部中，演员的热情远比才华重要。C和D文中没有提到。‎ ‎3．According to the passage, what is special about pantomimes? ‎ 答案与解析　C　推理判断题。从倒数第二段中的“The audience is encouraged to participate in the performance—singing along with the music and shouting to the actors”可知C正确“观众们能在舞剧里和演员互动”。‎ 词汇微存　①popularity n．普及；流行； ②professional adj.专业的 阅读技巧21　说明文解题技巧 从文体方面讲，说明文介绍了事件的过程、步骤、特征和方法等，通常会按照一定的时间、空间或逻辑顺序将它们呈现出来；说明的方法上，作者常常会运用举例、对比、列数字、下定义等写作手法。这样，有关说明文体裁的命题也具有明显的文体特征，命题者通常会坚持主旨 大意和细节理解为主、推理判断和词义猜测为辅的原则。①略读：通过略读，领略内容大意，帮助理解，为细读做准备。寻找主题句，获取大意，找出每段的主题；②跳读：寻找所需信息，如年代、数字、人名、地名等，把握 住关键词，语法过渡词、语气转折词及时态等，抓住文章脉络；③细读：分段细读，注意细节及语言结构，抓住关键信息，解析文章结构的内在联系，帮助深化理解。‎ 7‎ 阅读理解B　(2018·咸宁联考)　体裁：说明文　话题：个人情感　难度：★★★☆☆‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ Here are Dr. Hartmann's top tips for how to control emotions successfully—yes, you can learn to control your emotions and master your emotions, it's not even difficult—you just need to know how.‎ The first step to control anything at all is not to be afraid of it. Understand that emotions are simply feedback devices that let you know how your energy system is doing. Emotions can hurt. Once you know emotions for what they are, simple feedback devices, you can stop being afraid of your emotions and take a totally different way to control them.(了解情绪，即可控制)‎ Instead of ignoring these emotions in the body, start to learn when and how it happens that you start to feel tight, hot, trembling and so on. Pay attention to the signals from your body that are the bad emotions. Find out where your worst places are and where you feel most of your emotions—for some people it's in the head, others feel most of their emotions in their throat, heart, chest or stomach.(提出3条控制情绪的建议)‎ The stronger the energy body is, the more it can keep away from triggers (诱因) that cause painful emotions. Make sure you eat well, sleep well and exercise; but the energy body also needs other energy forms to remain healthy. Attention energy is the most powerful. Get people to pay attention to you. Besides, the unconditional attention from animals and young children, for example, can be extremely healing. To form your energy immune (免疫的) system, why not start now?‎ The next time you have an emotion you want to control, sit down, take a deep breath and ask yourself, “Where do I feel this emotion in my body？” Pay attention and don't give up too easily. Even if it feels at first that the emotion is “everywhere” you can ask yourself, “OK, so it's everywhere—but where is it worst of all? Where is the center？”‎ ‎【语篇解读】　文章介绍了驾驭情绪的方法。‎ ‎4．If a person knows what emotions are, he can ________.‎ A. become an expert B. treat his disease C. help others live a better life D. control his emotions successfully 答案与解析 7‎ ‎　D　细节理解题。根据第二段尤其是最后一句可知，如果一个人能真正了解情绪的内涵，他就能很好地驾驭情绪。‎ ‎5．What suggestion does the author disagree with?‎ A. Learning when and how emotions happen.‎ B. Taking care of the signals from your body.‎ C. Ignoring these emotions in the body.‎ D. Finding out where your worst places are and where you feel most of your emotions.‎ 答案与解析　C　细节理解题。分析第三段可知，A、B、D三项都是作者建议了解情绪爆发的时间、方式，注意情绪发生的信号，以及弄清身体哪些部位容易诱导自己的情绪，C项指忽略身体诱发的情绪，显然不符。‎ ‎6．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?‎ A. Just eat well and sleep well.‎ B. Build up the emotional immune system.‎ C. Get more people to pay attention.‎ D. Play more with kids and animals.‎ 答案与解析　B　主旨大意题。分析第四段尤其是最后一句可知，本段主要建议读者要构建免疫系统。‎ ‎7．In Paragraph 5, the author warns the readers ________.‎ A. to sit down B. to breathe deeply C. never to give up early D. to ask themselves at times 答案与解析　C　细节理解题。分析最后一段可知，作者告诫读者要坚持，不要过早放弃。‎ 阅读理解C　(2018·赣州联考)　体裁：议论文　话题：社会　难度：★★★☆☆‎ Some people are so rude!‎ Who sends an email or a text message that just says “Thank you”？Who leaves a voice mail message rather than texts you? Who asks for a fact easily found on Google？Don't these people realize that they're wasting your time?‎ Maybe I'm the rude one for not appreciating life's little politeness. But many social agreed standards just don't make sense to people drowning in digital communication.‎ In texts, you don't have to declare who you are or even say hello. Email, too, is slower than a text. Voice mail is a now impolite way of trying to connect.‎ 7‎ My father learned this lesson after leaving me a dozen voice mail messages, none of which I listened to. Exasperated,_he called my sister to express his dissatisfaction that I never returned his phone calls. “Why are you leaving him voice mail？” my sister asked. “Just text him.”‎ In the age of the smartphone, there is no reason to ask onceacceptable questions about: the weather forecast, a business's phone number, or directions to a house, a restaurant, which can be easily found on Google Maps. But people still ask these things. And when you answer, they respond with a thankyou email.‎ How to handle these differing standards？Easy. Consider your audience. Some people, especially older ones, appreciate a thankyou message. Others, like me, want no reply.‎ The anthropologist (人类学家) Margaret Mead once said that in traditional societies, the young learn from the old. But in modern societies, the old can also learn from the young. Here's hoping that politeness never goes out of fashion but that timewasting forms of communication do.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了如今在智能手机时代，人们应该选择何种方式进行沟通。‎ ‎8．What does the underlined word “Exasperated” mean in the fifth paragraph?‎ A. Worried. B. Surprised.‎ C. Annoyed. D. Tired.‎ 答案与解析　C　词义猜测题。根据第五段第二句中的“he called my sister to express his dissatisfaction that I never returned his phone calls”可知，作者的父亲对作者不给自己回电话很不满，由此可推知exasperated意思是“恼怒的；生气的”，故选C。‎ ‎9．Why didn't the writer reply to his father?‎ A. He liked text messages better.‎ B. He enjoyed checking his voice mail.‎ C. He didn't receive any voice mail messages.‎ D. He didn't want to talk with his father.‎ 答案与解析　A　推理判断题。根据第五段中的“‘Why are you leaving him voice mail？’my sister asked.‘Just text him.’”可推知，作者不喜欢用语音信箱，更偏爱发短信，故选A。‎ ‎10．Which of the following does the writer agree to?‎ A. People needn't learn from one another in traditional societies.‎ B. Dealing with voice mail should vary with each individual.‎ 7‎ C. People needn't turn to Google for help when in trouble.‎ D. Declaring who you are or saying hello in texts is necessary.‎ 答案与解析　B　推理判断题。根据第七段的内容可推知，标准是变化的，处理方式应该因人而异，而不是一刀切，语音信箱的使用亦是如此，故选B。‎ 词汇微存　①standard n．标准； ②make sense有意义 阅读技巧22　议论文解题技巧 每一篇议论文都有一个论点，这个论点就是文章的主题思想，而且在体现文章论点的重要段落也都有自己的主题思想。在做议论文文体中的主旨类试题时，一定要弄清楚作者的态度、观点和主张，这些体现论点的信息通常会出现在文首和文尾，有时需要运用归纳的方法得出文章的论点。‎ 阅读七选五　(2018·安康质检)　体裁：说明文　话题：健康　难度：★★☆☆☆‎ How to Teach Kids about Healthy Eating It can be a challenge to get your kids to make wiser choices in the foods they eat, when junk foods and fast foods are so popular and readily available. Here are some tips.‎ ‎__1__ If kids become used to healthy, nutritious snacks and drinks when they are babies, they will be more likely to make wise choices about what they eat as they get older.‎ Encourage your kids to help you plan healthy family meals. Sit with them and ask them to write down or tell you some ideas of nutritious meals everybody can enjoy together. __2__(with与together强调参与，即involved)‎ Let your kids accompany you grocery shopping. __3__ Ask them to check food labels to make sure they have nutritional value. Giving kids this kind of responsibility will make them more aware of how important it is to make smart dietary choices.‎ Find ways to make healthy versions of foods kids like. To find ideas for healthy foods, visit your local library and check out the book “Deceptively Delicious—Get Your Kids Eating Good Food” by Jessica Seinfeld. __4__ ‎ 7‎ A. Prepare more of your own meals.‎ B. Kids tend to copy what they see their parents do.‎ C. This will help form healthy new habits and tastes.‎ D. Have them pick out fruits, vegetables, and healthy snacks.‎ E. This book has a number of clever, nutritious recipes kids like. ‎ F. Begin teaching your kids good eating habits when they are very young.‎ G. Helping you decide on meals that affect the whole family will make them feel more involved.‎ 答案与解析　‎ ‎【语篇解读】　文章介绍了教孩子健康饮食的几个方法。‎ ‎1．F　空后一句说明习惯于健康食品的孩子长大后对于健康食品的选择是明智的，故选项F“在宝宝小时候开始教育宝宝健康的饮食习惯”符合语境。‎ ‎2．G　该段说明鼓励孩子参与选择适合全家人的健康饮食计划，故G项中的关键词involved “参与的”与段落大意呼应。‎ ‎3．D　该空前一句说明让孩子陪伴自己去蔬菜水果店，空后一句说明让孩子看食品标签确定食品的营养价值，故选项D“让孩子挑选水果、蔬菜和健康的零食”符合语境。‎ ‎4．E　空前一句提到书名，故选项E “这本书有很多孩子喜欢的益智营养的菜谱”符合语境。‎ ‎5．B　该段标题句是“以身作则”，空后两句话说明自己吃健康的饮食，身体健康，故选项B“孩子会模仿家长的做法”符合语境。‎ 词汇微存　①in memory of纪念；②significant adj.重要的；有意义的 7‎