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第一周
练(一)
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Is there really a place that you have a strong desire to visit，whatever the expense？If so，you’re in my shoes.The following places are most probably your best choices.
Bora Bora
This Polynesian paradise offers one the chance to live like a native Polynesian.The clear open sky and the calm waters offer one the unique opportunity to observe diverse marine life with little difficulty.Many resorts are built on the Island and offer different tours and experiences.
The Rainbow Mountains
These geographic wonders look as if they were painted with a giant paintbrush.The bright and vivid colors stand in sharp contrast to the surrounding greenery.As extraordinary as they are，these mountains are a part of our world.One can find them in China’s Danxia Landform Geological Park.Such a variety of colors do exist in the real world.
Milford Sound
It’s one of New Zealand’s largest fjords(峡湾) carved by glaciers during the ice age.Tourists can go canoeing in a river that flows into mini lakes.Hiking here places one among some of the most vivid and beautiful scenery in the world.Adventurers can feel like explorers who have stepped into a hidden world.The natural beauty here is enough to make one realize the true magnificence of our world.
The Galapagos Islands
The Galapagos Islands consist of 13 volcanic islands and six smaller islands.Although known for Darwin’s visit，they’re more attractive than one might imagine.There are
900 species of animals found in these islands.200 of these species are specific to the islands.The blue waters and the specific wildlife should attract more travelers to this paradise.
【语篇解读】 本文是应用文。文章推荐了值得去旅游、探索的四个地方。
1．The Rainbow Mountains will offer visitors a chance to ________．
A．watch changing colors of rainbows
B．take photos in the thick forest
C．appreciate geographic wonders
D．paint mountains with various colors
答案 C [细节理解题。根据The Rainbow Mountains部分中的These geographic wonders look as if they were painted with a giant paintbrush及下文的内容可知，彩虹山是中国丹霞地貌地质公园，七彩斑斓的山给人视觉上的震撼。]
2．What attracts visitors to the Galapagos Islands most?
A．Darwin’s visit.
B．Diverse wildlife.
C．Beautiful small islands.
D．The eruption of volcanoes.
答案 B [细节理解题。根据最后一段中的There are 900 species of animals found in these islands...and the specific wildlife should attract more travelers to this paradise可知，加拉帕戈斯群岛因达尔文的到访而闻名，然而吸引游客的是岛上丰富的物种，尤其是野生动物。]
3．Where should you go if you want to hike in New Zealand?
A．Bora Bora.
B．Milford Sound.
C．The Galapagos Islands.
D．The Rainbow Mountains.
答案 B [细节理解题。根据Milford Sound部分中的It’s one of New Zealand’s largest fjords以及Hiking here places one among some of the most vivid and beautiful scenery in the world可知选B项。]
B
(2018·南宁市摸底联考)Working up a credit score for Walter Cavanagh has got to be a mathematical nightmare—the man has nearly 1，500 valid credit cards to his name and holds the Guinness Record for the most credit cards.Mr.Plastic Fantastic—a title given to him by Guinness World Records—is also the proud owner of the world’s longest wallet，which can hold about 800 cards.But he uses it only to carry a few cards，while the rest are safely kept in bank safe－deposit boxes.
Cavanagh started collecting credit cards in the late 1960s.“One of my best friends and I made a silly bet：the guy who could collect the most credit cards by the end of the year would win dinner，” he said.“I got 143 cards by the end of the year，and my friend gathered 138.” After winning that bet，Cavanagh decided to simply keep going with his unusual collection.He got credit cards from gas stations，airlines，bars，and even ice cream stores.
If there’s one card missing from Cavanagh’s collection，it’s that from the Newberry Company.They repulsed his application for a card in the early 1970s，even though he’d collected over 100 by then.They said he had too much credit.Therefore，so far he hasn’t had a Newberry card in his collection.
Cavanagh hasn’t stopped applying for new cards—he’s held the Guinness Record since 1971 and has no intention of letting go of it.He copies whole pages from a U．S.directory of businesses and keeps sending applications.If he receives a rejection，he writes back to the company explaining his goal and ambition.But he doesn’t count useless cards in his total collection.
Thanks to all the cards to his name，Cavanagh has access to about $1.7 million at any moment.Despite this privilege，he has managed to maintain an excellent credit score.
The 72－year－old retired financial planner and credit expert has only one piece of advice to share：“Never use a card to buy anything you can’t pay off in a couple of months.If you don’t have the__discipline，you shouldn’t have the cards.”
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。文章讲述了沃尔特·卡瓦纳拥有将近1 500张信用卡，信用额度高达170万美元，创下世界纪录。
4．Cavanagh began to collect credit cards when he ________．
A．owned a very long wallet
B．made a bet with his friend
C．wanted to create a Guinness Record
D．was treated to dinner by his friend
答案 B [细节理解题。根据第二段中的Cavanagh started collecting credit cards...would win dinner，”he said可知，自从跟朋友打赌后，卡瓦纳就开始收集信用卡了。]
5．What does the underlined word “repulsed” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Rejected. B．Recalled.
C．Repeated. D．Recognized.
答案 A [词义猜测题。根据第三段中的They said he had...in his collection可知，卡瓦纳没有Newberry Company的卡，表明他的申请被拒绝了，故选A项。]
6．What do the underlined words “the discipline” in the last paragraph probably refer to?
A．Having many cards to your own name.
B．Buying things by card and paying off in time.
C．Managing to own more privileges for your card.
D．Using a card to buy things as many times as possible.
答案 B [代词指代题。根据最后一段中的Never use a card to buy anything you can’t pay off in a couple of months可知，卡瓦纳建议人们：如果几个月内无法偿还信用卡，那人们最好别用信用卡购物，故选B项。]
7．What do we know about Cavanagh’s cards?
A．Some of them are useless.
B．They are safely kept in his long wallet.
C．They have brought him fame and privilege.
D．Fewer new cards are added to his collections.
答案 C [推理判断题。根据第一段中的holds the Guinness Record for the most credit cards及倒数第二段中的Despite this
privilege可知，卡瓦纳收藏的信用卡给他带来荣誉并且也使他享有一些特权。]
C
A spinal cord(脊髓) injury doesn’t have to be deadly to be life－altering.According to the Mayo Clinic，damage to any part of the cord will affect bodily functions below the site of the injury.A vehicle accident or a hard fall can have the same traumatic effect as a major athletic injury.
Many athletes，both elite and recreational，put themselves at risk of a spinal cord injury without even knowing it.
With that picture in mind，you can probably guess the types of movement that put your spine at risk.One is jumping or dropping a relatively long distance.If you’re falling，think of a cat and try to land on your feet.Land with knees bent.Research shows that landing with bent knees greatly minimizes the impact of a fall.
Don’t voluntarily jump off curbs，picnic tables or fences if you haven’t practiced jumping from those heights.Even if it’s only a three－foot drop，the backbone can twist，you can stiffen up，and your feet can slide out upon landing—there are just too many accidents in the making.
Impact injuries can be more serious than people realize.A piece of bone can break off a vertebra (椎骨)，becoming a small sharp object dangerously close to the nerves coming from the spinal cord.
After a crash，whether it’s on a bike，a pair of skates，a vehicle，or in a game，take a few minutes to assess things.If there’s a sharp pain in your back，wait a few moments to see if it subsides．If not，and if the back pain is too strong to bear，get immediate medical assistance.
Another way to protect your spinal cord：work out.The backbone is supported by numerous ligaments (韧带)．If these ligaments are strong and flexible because they’ve been regularly stretched as well as strengthened with resistance work，that will help protect the stability of the spine and the spinal cord within it.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了预防脊髓受伤的一些知识。
8．What is the text mainly about?
A．How to avoid a spinal cord injury.
B．Some myths of a spinal cord injury.
C．Ways to detect sources of backache.
D．Why athletes tend to have their spine injured.
答案 A [主旨大意题。文章谈到脊髓受伤的严重后果，这种伤痛的多发性，造成这种伤的场合并给出相应的应对和预防建议，故选A项。]
9．Which of the following does the author suggest?
A．Standing up slowly after a bike crash.
B．Practicing dropping off skates for recreation.
C．Bending your knees upon landing if you fall.
D．Jumping off fences to perfect your parkour’s skill.
答案 C [细节理解题。由第三段中的try to land on your feet...the impact of a fall可知，作者是在建议读者在不小心摔落时，尽量屈膝着地因为这样会大大降低伤害。]
10．Which is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “subsides” in Paragraph 6?
A．Reflects. B．Returns.
C．Decreases. D．Occurs.
答案 C [词义猜测题。由后一句中的If not，and if the back pain is too strong to bear可知，作者上文建议的是：如果后背刺痛，稍等几分钟来观察这种刺痛是否会减轻(Decreases)。]
D
As summer approaches，many of us are looking ahead to relaxing days by the pool.New research suggests there is something other than water there.
Though we all suspect it’s there，it’s not easy to assess how much urine(尿) there is in a particular swimming pool (the existence of a chemical that changes color when you urinate is an urban legend)．But it is not an insignificant public health question.
So a team of chemists at the University of Alberta in Canada has devised a new way to estimate the amount by measuring levels of an artificial sweetener commonly present in people’s urine.
The chemists sampled 29 pools and hot tubs in British Columbia and Alberta，and found the artificial sweetener，called acesulfame potassium，in every one.In one residential，110，000－gallon pool，they estimated the amount of urine to be nearly eight gallons，enough to fill the trash can you keep under the kitchen counter.
Acesulfame potassium is often found in condiments，drinks，desserts，toothpaste and chewing gum.It’s an ideal proxy(代表) for urine，said Lindsay Blackstock，a graduate student who helped lead the study，because it passes through the body without being metabolized(代谢)．It is passed out only in urine.Other markers of urine，such as urea and potassium，are found in sweat as well as urine.
The components of urine and sweat—not to mention personal care products—react with chlorine (氯) to form compounds(化合物) called disinfection byproducts that can irritate the eyes，lungs and skin.Pools owe their characteristic smell not to chlorine but to such a compound，trichloramine，which has been linked with asthma(哮喘) in professional swimmers and pool workers.
Still，Ms.Blackstock stresses that overall the benefits of maintaining a healthy lifestyle through swimming far outweigh any potential risks from exposure to disinfection byproducts.“The solution is simple，” she said.“Just be kind to your fellow swimmers.”
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。游泳是一项非常好的运动，可是，令人烦恼的是游泳池里的尿液。本文就此现象进行了分析。
11．What does the author think of urine in the swimming pool?
A．It’s not that important.
B．It’s hard to know its amount.
C．Its existence can’t be proved.
D．It’s impossible to solve the problem.
答案 B [细节理解题。根据第二段可知，我们虽然都怀疑泳池里有尿液，但很难知道它的数量。]
12．How did the chemists assess the amount of urine in the swimming pool?
A．By deciding the amount of urea.
B．By fixing the amount of potassium.
C．By measuring the level of acesulfame potassium.
D．By using a chemical that changes color when you urinate.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据第三、四段可知，科学家们通过测量一种叫做acesulfame potassium的人工甜味剂的量来估计泳池中尿液的量。]
13．Why is acesulfame potassium an ideal proxy for urine?
A．It only exists in urine.
B．It’s the only marker of urine.
C．It comes out of the body only in urine.
D．It’s metabolized when coming out of the body.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据第五段可知，只有acesulfame potassium这种物质从人体尿液中排出，因此可以通过它来判断泳池中尿液的数量。]
14．What directly does harm to professional swimmers and pool workers?
A．Personal care products.
B．A compound named trichloramine.
C．The components of urine and sweat.
D．A disinfection byproduct named chlorine.
答案 B [细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知，人体尿液与汗液中的物质与氯发生反应形成一种叫做trichloramine的化合物，这种消毒副产物会刺激人的眼睛、肺和皮肤。]
15．According to Ms.Blackstock，________．
A．it’s not a healthy lifestyle to swim
B．we’d better not swim to avoid disinfection byproducts
C．measures should be taken to clean the swimming pool
D．people should stop passing urine in the swimming pool
答案 D [推理判断题。根据最后一段Blackstock的讲话可知，她认为，虽然泳池中有尿液，但是游泳还是利大于弊；另外，她建议人们善待一起游泳的人，也就是不要在泳池里小便。]
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2018·绵阳市第一次诊断性考试)Feeling overwhelmed(压垮的) with school，sports，clubs，or other activities？You might have too much on your plate.Sure，you have to do some of your activities like homework.__16__Look at those and ask yourself：
Do I look forward to it?
Maybe you did when you started，but something’s changed.Maybe you never really enjoyed it，but you’ve stuck it out because your parents or friends wanted you to.
__17__
It doesn’t have to be another club or sport.It could be catching up on homework，or just getting more time to rest.
After making up your mind about what has to go，you can do the following before showing your plans to the world.
▲Talk to your parents first.
Your parents may have reasons for wanting you to stick with an activity.Maybe they’ve already paid for a full season.__18__Or maybe they worry that you give up on things too quickly.Talk with them about your decision.
▲ __19__
Pick a time that won’t leave your teammates or friends hanging—not before a big game，for example.Finish out the season.Another reason to wait？__20__You might develop a new skill，or a friend may join the club and make it feel fun again.Give yourself time to be sure.
A．Choose the best end date.
B．Your feelings may change.
C．Is there something else I’d rather do?
D．Ask your coach about a natural stopping point.
E．Maybe they think this activity is good for you.
F．But many activities are things you decide to do.
G．Thank your coach or instructor for all you’ve learned.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。我们有时会被过多的活动压得喘不过气，本文建议我们认真思考是否应该减少一些活动，并对如何实施给出了一些建议。
16．F [F项和上一句构成对比，从而引出下文的自我思考，符合语境。]
17．C [由下文中的It doesn’t have to be another club or sport.It could be...可知，此处文章让我们问自己：是否还有其他一些更想做的事情？]
18．E [E项中的Maybe和上一句中的Maybe以及下一句中的maybe构成并列关系，本句中的they指代上文中的Your parents。]
19．A [由下文中的Pick a time和leave以及Finish可知，本段主要告诉我们，要选择一个合适的结束时间。]
20．B [由上文要结束一些课外活动和下文中的make it feel fun again.Give yourself time to be sure可知，另一个等待的理由是：我们的心态可能会发生变化。]
练(二)
第二部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In this day and age taking a photograph is easier than ever.There are __1__built into our phones，computers...The way we share photos has __2__ changed.There was a time when you’d __3__ your photos and file them away into photo albums，but __4__ the advances in technology and the Internet，all this has changed.
Not only do we have what seems like a(n) __5__ amount of space to __6__ photos on our devices(设备)，but we also have the Internet and social media.Social networks such as Facebook __7__ us to post our pictures and albums to share with friends and family.
While you could argue this __8__ way to store，share and enjoy photos is fantastic，it also could be said that photographs have __9__ some of their meaning.I have over 1，000 __10__ on my smartphone and several thousand stored on my computer.I love
Instagram and occasionally post my pictures to Facebook.Sometimes，__11__，I’ll be in the middle of taking or posting a photo and think，is this something worth __12__？I try to ask myself，will I __13__ want to look back at this picture of a coffee or a selfie(自拍照) taken in a bathroom by myself？Probably not.
Even though I’m guilty of occasionally taking __14__ and boring pictures like this，a couple of years ago I decided to find a way to make my photographs more meaningful.__15__ did I do this？Disposable cameras！When I go on a trip，I always try to __16__ a disposable camera.With only 24 pictures you can take，you really __17__ the photographs you’re taking.It’s also kind of __18__ that you can’t see the photograph straight away.And __19__，it’s so much fun to get the pictures __20__ and look through them.
【语篇解读】 本文是夹叙夹议文。作者先论述了让照片变得更有意义的必要性，接着分享了自己的经验。
1．A.players B．readers
C．cameras D．calculators
答案 C [由上文的taking a photograph is easier than ever可推断，此处是说如今人们的手机和电脑里都装有“相机(cameras)”，都有拍照功能。]
2．A.even B．only
C．also D．just
答案 C [该句与文章首句In this day and age taking a photograph is easier than ever相呼应。不仅拍照变得容易了，分享照片的方式“也(also)”改变了。]
3．A.print B．check
C．share D．forget
答案 A [过去人们会把照片“印(print)”出来，然后放到照相簿里以便于分享给他人看。]
4．A.in case of B．in spite of
C．instead of D．because of
答案 D [“由于(because of)”科技和网络的进步，一切都改变了。]
5．A.limited B．equal
C．exact D．endless
答案 D [解析见下题。]
6．A.beautify B．store
C．show D．take
答案 B [在我们的电子设备上我们似乎有“无尽的(endless)”空间“存储(store)”照片。]
7．A.force B．need
C．allow D．expect
答案 C [我们通过社交网络发布照片和相册，与家人和朋友分享。allow使可能。]
8．A.easy B．traditional
C．bad D．similar
答案 A [由前两段可知，如今储存、分享、欣赏照片的方式“简单容易(easy)”。]
9．A.carried B．expressed
C．lost D．refused
答案 C [由下文可知，作者认为关于照片的一切都变得容易了，照片本身也随之“失去了(lost)”一些意义。下段中的find a way to make my photographs more meaningful是提示。]
10．A.numbers B．songs
C．articles D．pictures
答案 D [本段围绕照片的意义展开论述。故此处是说作者的智能手机上有一千多张“照片(pictures)”。]
11．A.however B．therefore
C．otherwise D．besides
答案 A [“我爱Instagram这一图片分享应用，也偶尔在脸书上发布自己的照片”与“有时当我在拍照或者发布照片时，我会对我做的事情提出质疑”之间是转折关系，故选however。]
12．A.doing B．watching
C．correcting D．knowing
答案 A [作者怀疑拍或发布某些照片这样的事情真的值得“做(doing)”吗？]
13．A.hardly B．really
C．nearly D．suddenly
答案 B [作者问自己将来是否“真的(really)”想要去回顾某些照片。]
14．A.interesting B．meaningless
C．ordinary D．precious
答案 B [由下文的and boring pictures like this可知，作者偶尔也会为拍一些类似一杯咖啡或卫生间自拍照一样的“没有意义的(meaningless)”、无聊的照片感到愧疚。]
15．A.When B．Where
C．How D．Why
答案 C [下文介绍了如何让照片更有意义的方法。故此处应选How。]
16．A.sell B．fix
C．carry D．donate
答案 C [由下文可知，作者旅行时总是尽量“携带(carry)”一部一次性相机来拍照。]
17．A.learn about B．think about
C．depend on D．put away
答案 B [因为用一次性相机只能拍24张照片，所以你会认真“考虑(think about)”你拍的照片。]
18．A.exciting B．disappointing
C．confusing D．satisfying
答案 A [此处讲使用一次性相机的好处。不能立即看到照片的效果也颇“令人感到兴奋(exciting)”。]
19．A.gradually B．finally
C．recently D．regularly
答案 B [解析见下题。]
20．A.drawn B．published
C．enlarged D．developed
答案 D [“最终(finally)”，把照片“冲洗(developed)”出来并仔细欣赏的过程是如此有趣。]
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2018·太原模拟)Silk was not the only product to be transported along the Silk Road，with finely carved jade (翡翠) and medicinal herbs also being 21.________(export) from China.Like silk，trade in luxury items boomed，and many merchants found instant wealth.
Rather 22.________ traveling the entire length of the Silk Road，each merchant traded goods along one section of the route，23.________(buy) them in one oasis (绿洲) town and selling them to another.The travelers and merchants also 24.________ (carry) many ideas，philosophies and religions with them along the Silk Road.Of all these，Buddhism，which came from India，had the greatest influence 25.________ Chinese culture.It 26.________(eventual) became China’s primary faith，more widespread than the original Chinese religions of Confucianism and Taoism.
Silk Road trades traveled together in long caravans (旅行队) of camels.This mode of travel provided 27.________(protect) from robbers who might attempt 28.________(rob) the valuable goods being transported.The Silk Road was not only one single road，but 29.________ whole collection of routes by 30.________ goods were transported between the East and the West.
答案 21.exported [本句含有with复合结构，动词export和finely carved jade(翡翠) and medicinal herbs之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故应用过去分词形式，故填exported。]
22．than [每个商人在丝绸之路的某一段路上交易货物，而不是走整个丝绸之路。rather than意为“而不是”，为固定搭配。]
23．buying [本句中buy和句子主语each merchant之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故应用现在分词形式作伴随状语，故填buying。]
24．carried
[根据本文时态可知，本文讲述的是过去发生的事，因此本句应用一般过去时，故填carried。]
25．on [have the greatest influence on表示“对……影响最大”，故应填介词on。]
26．eventually [这里是说它(佛教)最终成为中国的主要信仰。本句中应用副词修饰动词became，故填eventually “最终”。]
27．protection [动词provided后应用名词作宾语，故填protection。]
28．to rob [attempt意为“试图，企图”，后跟不定式作宾语，故填to rob。]
29．a [丝绸之路不是单纯的一条路，而是一整套路线，通过这些路线货物在东西方之间运输。此处表示泛指，a whole collection of意为“一整套”，故填冠词a。]
30．which [分析句子结构可知，本句中“by ________ goods were transported between the East and the West”为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，空处为关系词，指代先行词a whole collection of routes，故填which。]
练(三)
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Dear Mr.and Mrs.Green，
I am writing to express my thank for your help when I was in New York.It was very kind for you to offer me a comfortable but clean room in your house.I liked delicious food cooked by Mrs.Green，that made my journey more unforgettable.Hopeful I will have the chance to taste them again in the future.In addition to，I really appreciate your practiced oral English with me.I had made great progress in my spoken English.
I really hope you can come to China for a visit when it is convenient for you.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
答案
Dear Mr.and Mrs.Green，
I am writing to express my for your help when I was in New York.It was very kind you to offer me a comfortable clean room in your house.I liked delicious food cooked by Mrs.Green， made my journey more unforgettable. I will have the chance to taste again in the future.In addition ，I really appreciate your oral English with me.I made great progress in my spoken English.
I really hope you can come to China for a visit when it is convenient for you.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Linda正在你市某所中学做交换生。最近她因考试成绩不理想而情绪低落。请你用英语给她写封信表示安慰，要点如下：
1．对她的情况表示理解；
2．建议她找出原因并吸取教训；
3．鼓励她树立信心。
注意：1.词数100左右(开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数)；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Linda，
I hope you will find my suggestions useful.
Yours，
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear__Linda，
I’m sorry to hear that you didn’t do well in your exam and that you are depressed.I quite understand how you feel because I once went through the same experience.But cheer up！Everything will go well as long as you take action.
First，try to analyze what caused the problem and draw a lesson from your failure.If you have difficulty finding the causes，turn to your teachers for help.Next，work on building up your confidence.Failure is the mother of success.When you fail at something，you are actually one step closer to finding a way to succeed.Therefore，be confident about yourself.
I__hope__you__will__find__my__suggestions__useful.
Yours，
Li__Hua
第二周
练(一)
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Tomas Rodriguez
65 Econo Lane，
Lexington，VA 24450
Phone：(801)225－8649
October 21
Arcadian Clock Co.
Warranty(保修) Department
6531 West Board Street，
Richmond，VA 23230
To whom it may concern，
As my watch (model：5M43－0B19，S/N：6D8256) was clearly in need of repair，I recently took it to the Lexington Repair Center where all the faulty components in Arcadian watches are repaired.To my surprise，my request for the repairs to be billed to your company was declined in spite of the fact that there are still three years remaining in the coverage period.As there are no other authorized service centers in my area，I had to pay $70 for the repairs myself.
I have included a copy of the receipt I got for the repairs and a copy of my warranty certificate.Please let me know if you need any additional information.
Regards，
Tomas Rodriguez
Warranty Certificate
Thank you for purchasing the 5M43－0B19 automatic watch.We are proud of our reputation for quality and customer service and our long history of providing fine timepieces to enthusiastic collectors around the world.
To maximize the performance of our products，Arcadian clocks and watches are made with the highest－quality materials available.However，should the product have a mechanical fault within five years of the date of purchase，we will cover the cost of repairs.Please note，however，that this warranty covers the cost of parts and labor only.Shipping，insurance，and batteries may not be claimed under this warranty.
In the event that the product requires repair or some other service，please take or ship it to one of the Arcadian’s authorized service centers.The centers are equipped with up－to－date equipment to provide our customers with a wide variety of repairs and services that are performed according to Arcadian’s professional standards.Please see the list below of authorized Arcadia distributors and service centers in your country.
【语篇解读】 本文是应用文。手表用户写信给厂家，要求退还保修期内产生的维修费用。
1．Why did Rodriguez write the letter?
A．To order a new type of watch.
B．To complain about an error on his bill.
C．To demand repayment of his expenses.
D．To request a replacement for his broken watch.
答案 C [推理判断题。通读全文可知，Rodriguez写这封信的目的是请求这家钟表公司退回他的维修费用。]
2．What do we know about the Lexington Repair Center?
A．It lacked the components of Arcadian watches.
B．It refused to repair the watch at first.
C．It is an authorized service center.
D．It provides first－class services.
答案 C [推理判断题。由信的第一段中的where all the faulty components in Arcadian watches are repaired及As there are no other authorized service centers in my area可知，莱克星顿维修中心是Arcadian公司的指定维修站。]
3．For how long has the watch been used?
A．About two years. B．About three years.
C．About four years. D．About five years.
答案 A [推理判断题。由信的第一段中的there are still three years remaining in the coverage period和保修证明的第二段中的However，should the product...cover the cost of repairs可知，这块手表已经用了约两年了。]
4．What did the company include with the warranty?
A．A list of customer services.
B．A list of the watch’s parts.
C．A list of service centers.
D．A list of new products.
答案 C [细节理解题。由保修证明的最后一句Please see the list...in your country可知，保修证明之后还列有维修服务站的名单。]
B
If you’re thinking about getting into TEFL，don’t hesitate to book a week or two with Alyx and Paul.
Before the program I was worrying about whether I’d have the confidence to manage a class on my own.Now I would say you don’t have to worry at all.The academy provides the perfect environment for you to experience the day－to－day problems of an EFL teacher in a more relaxing environment，great for helping to build up confidence and for teaching newbies like me!
Despite being given lesson plans，Alyx and Paul are more than happy for you to alter these and adapt them to your own personal style if you wish.The lesson plans are in depth and all necessary materials are provided，making you feel in control and prepared for every lesson.But if things do go wrong，they’re always on hand to help you out!
The academy itself is very modern，inviting and fresh，with a very professional feel.You will enjoy working！The students at the academy are very appreciative and respectful towards you and everyone is eager to learn both English and about you! This makes teaching them even more enjoyable as there is a chance to really build a close bond and engage with them.
Academy aside，the apartment provided by Alyx and Paul is of a very high standard.Located on a central street within Valencia with good transport links，you are never far away from something to do.The rooms are spacious and the bathroom and kitchen are also well equipped for all your needs.
Valencia itself is an amazing city with a good mixture of old and new buildings.The old town is perfect for a lazy Sunday morning walk.The people are really friendly and
most can speak a little English.
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。作者通过一个项目在Valencia的一所学校教英语，觉得这段教学经历很令人愉悦。
5．What was the program most probably started for?
A．Encouraging people to visit Valencia.
B．Helping improve people’s confidence.
C．Helping spread English around the world.
D．Encouraging people to teach English at a school.
答案 D [推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知，作者主要在一所学校教学，又根据第四段中的The students at the academy...is eager to learn可知，这个项目旨在鼓励老师去学校教英语。]
6．What do we know about the author before the program?
A．She lacked teaching experience.
B．She was very confident about herself.
C．She didn’t really want to go to that school.
D．She looked forward to a relaxing environment.
答案 A [细节理解题。根据第二段中的I was worrying about...a class on my own以及for teaching newbies like me可知，作者在去那之前缺乏教学经验。]
7．What do we learn after reading the text?
A．The author lived a fast－paced life in Valencia.
B．The author had a great experience in Valencia.
C．People in Valencia don’t consider English important.
D．The students at that school are not easy to deal with.
答案 B [推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，作者主要讲述了自己在Valencia的一所学校教英语很令人愉悦。]
C
Guam is a beautiful，small island in the Pacific Ocean.You’ll find happy songbirds，clear blue water，and leafy forest there.But the small island has a big problem：snakes.There are about 2 million brown tree snakes living in Guam.
The snakes likely arrived in the 1940s.They probably slipped(滑行) unseen onto ships and planes heading to Guam.Once there，the snakes laid eggs.Snake families grew.The snakes have no natural enemies to eat them on Guam.Soon，the island was covered with these snakes.
The brown tree snake has had a devastating effect.The snakes eat birds.There used to be 12 kinds of birds on the island.But these snakes have killed off nine kinds of the birds.The snakes can grow to be 10 feet long.They often bite humans.They climb onto power lines and make the electricity go out.This causes millions of dollars in damage.
Scientists have tried many different ways to control the number of snakes.They have used snake traps and snake－sniffing dogs.Nothing seemed to work.Nothing，that is，until they found a surprising secret weapon(武器)：killer mice.
Scientists found out that there is one easy way to kill brown tree snakes.They could give them a medicine called Tylenol.People take Tylenol for headaches and other pains.Even a little bit of Tylenol can kill a brown tree snake.
But how would scientists get the tree snakes to eat Tylenol？They came up with a plan.First，the experts put the medicine into dead mice.Then they attached each mouse to a mini paper parachute(降落伞)．Planes dropped the mice over Guam.The parachutes got caught in the trees.The mice became dinner for the snakes that live there.
Has it worked？So far，research shows that there are fewer snakes because of the mice.The worry is that it may be too late to clear the snakes，but Mr.Vice from Guam’s Department of Agriculture says this should not stop the islanders from trying.“Our long－term goal is to kill the snake off completely，” he says.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。棕树蛇给关岛上的居民和动物带来严重的困扰。为了除掉它们，科学家使用了体内装有泰诺这种药物的死老鼠。
8．What can we learn about the brown tree snakes?
A．They were shipped to Guam on purpose.
B．They were not native to Guam.
C．They were at risk in the 1940s.
D．They grew very slowly.
答案 B [细节理解题。根据第二段中的The snakes likely arrived in the 1940s...Snake families grew可知，棕树蛇是关岛的外来物种。]
9．What does the underlined word “devastating” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Magical. B．Damaging.
C．Short－term. D．Interesting.
答案 B [词义猜测题。根据第三段中的There used to be 12 kinds of birds on the island...This causes millions of dollars in damage可知，棕树蛇对关岛上的动物有毁灭性的影响。]
10．What was a more workable way to kill the brown tree snakes?
A．Letting them eat Tylenol carried by mice.
B．Putting Tylenol in the trees.
C．Bringing in their enemies.
D．Using snake traps.
答案 A [推理判断题。根据第五段中的Even a little bit of Tylenol can kill a brown tree snake及第六段中的experts put the medicine into dead mice和最后一段中的So far...because of the mice可知，科学家在关岛上投放了大量的体内含有泰诺药的死老鼠，棕树蛇会把这些死老鼠当作食物吃掉，这样死老鼠体内的药物就会杀死这些蛇，这种方法有效地减少了棕树蛇的数量。]
11．What does Mr.Vice think of solving this snake problem?
A．He is proud of it.
B．He is hopeful of it.
C．He is doubtful about it.
D．He is unconcerned about it.
答案 B [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Mr.Vice from Guam’s Department of Agriculture...“Our long－term goal is to kill the snake off completely，”he says可知，Vice对消灭关岛上的棕树蛇抱有希望。]
D
Bottle Cap Alley is a special roadside attraction located at the north edge of the Texas A&M University campus in College Station，Texas.As the name suggests，it is paved with millions of beer and soda bottle caps.
No one knows exactly how the tradition began，but some people believe that it started out as a dumping site for two bars.Customers who took their drinks outside followed their example，and as word of the Bottle Cap Alley spread，other local bars started bringing their bottle caps here as well.It is estimated that the tradition dates from four decades ago.
It was officially recognized as a local attraction in the early 2000s.They set up a large sign over it，added lights so it could be visited at night and began promoting it as a part of the local sightseeing tour.The move didn’t sit well with many college students who wanted the tradition to survive forever，but it did turn the alley into a popular roadside tourist attraction.
Some people noticed that most of the beer bottle caps came from American brands，and made it a point to add a variety of caps from imported beers as well，turning the place into an international bottle cap gallery.Unfortunately，that made it all the more appealing to bottle cap collectors.
It is a gold mine for people who collect bottle caps，and it has been reported that some collectors travel to College Station from far away for the specific purpose of finding rare caps for their collections.Taking one or two caps may not seem like a big deal，but considering average visitors often take a few as souvenirs，it’s easy to see why constant bottle cap contributions are vital to the preservation of the alley.
Bottle Cap Alley is definitely not a place you want to visit barefooted，as the likelihood of cutting yourself on dirty metal is pretty high.And while many photos show tourists walking around in open footwear like slippers，I don’t really recommend it.Before night lights were installed，Bottle Cap Alley had a reputation for helping people avoid long bathroom lines at neighborhood bars and restaurants.
【语篇解读】
本文是说明文。文章介绍了美国得克萨斯A&M大学北侧一条小巷不断有人往里面扔瓶盖。日积月累，年复一年，整条巷子路面铺满瓶盖，成了一处景点——瓶盖巷。
12．What is special about Bottle Cap Alley?
A．It has a long history.
B．It’s a roadside attraction.
C It’s covered with bottle caps.
D．It was built by various drinkers.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据第一段中的it is paved with millions of beer and soda bottle caps可知，瓶盖巷的特别之处就是整个巷子铺满了啤酒和汽水瓶盖。]
13．Why didn’t college students support the idea of turning it into an attraction?
A．They wanted to protect the tradition.
B．It might have affected their health.
C．A lot of visitors disturbed their studies.
D．They wanted to possess it for a long time.
答案 A [细节理解题。根据第三段中的The move didn’t sit well...to survive forever可知，得克萨斯A&M大学的学生并不赞同把瓶盖巷变成一个旅游景点，因为他们想保护这延续了四十多年的传统。]
14．What does the author really want to say about Bottle Cap Alley in the last paragraph?
A．Tourists have already been injured there.
B．It has been damaged by some impolite visitors.
C．Tourists don’t follow the rules when visiting there.
D．It’s so dirty that tourists should always wear shoes.
答案 D [推理判断题。根据最后一段的as the likelihood of cutting yourself on dirty metal is pretty high及Bottle Cap Alley had a reputation...bars and restaurants可知，瓶盖巷是一个很脏的地方，游客千万不要光脚在上面行走。另外，瓶盖也非常容易伤着游客的脚。]
15．What can we know about Bottle Cap Alley?
A．All of its caps were made in America.
B．Bottle cap collectors going there are from Europe.
C．It’s a good place for college students to study history.
D．Rules haven’t been made to prevent tourists taking away its caps.
答案 D [推理判断题。根据全文的内容尤其是第五段的内容可知，目前并没有制定规定阻止游客带走瓶盖巷的瓶盖。]
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When I told my mother that I was taking up marathon(马拉松) running at the age of 60，she thought I was mad.I saw it as a way of keeping my physical and mental health as I entered my older years.__16__I suppose that just highlights how my generation(一代人) have come to understand the value of self－care compared with our parents，who believed later life meant a less active one.
__17__ I realised I needed to look after myself better so I started running on the seafront near my home，as well as in the gym.
When I was 59 I saw a 93－year－old being interviewed on TV，who was running the London Marathon，and I felt inspired(受到鼓舞的)．With my sixties round the corner，I didn’t want to sit back and let my health decline(衰退)．__18__I wanted to set myself goals.If a 93－year－old could run a marathon，so could I!
Since then I’ve run 12 marathons—one a year.__19__ I have some diseases，but because I’m fit and strong I can manage the conditions and they don’t stop me leading a normal life.__20__ I live a happy as well as interesting life.I want to live an active life and look after my body and health.
A．However，she was worried I was too old.
B．And with a marathon every year，I’m never bored.
C．I also didn’t want time to pass without a clear purpose.
D．I took up running in my mid－fifties because of ill health.
E．My mother passed away earlier this year in her nineties.
F．The influences on my physical health have been very big.
G．My wife，three children and six grandchildren are proud of me.
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。在一位93岁高龄的马拉松赛跑者的鼓舞下，作者60岁开始跑马拉松，身心受益。
16．A [由上文可知作者和母亲对待马拉松的看法不同，故用However连接。由下文中的compared with our parents可知，此处将作者和母亲的看法进行对比。]
17．D [下一句中的running呼应D项中的took up running。且由下文中的When I was 59...the London Marathon，and I felt inspired可知，开始跑步发生在跑马拉松之前，此时，作者刚开始跑步。]
18．C [C项中的I also didn’t want time to和上文中的I didn’t want to构成并列关系，且C项中的a clear purpose呼应下文中的set myself goals。]
19．F [由下文中的because I’m fit and strong...leading a normal life可知，跑马拉松对作者的健康影响巨大。]
20．B [B项中的never bored呼应下文中的I live a happy as well as interesting life。]
练(二)
第二部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
(2018·呼和浩特调研考试)Six－year－old Mia Rabii is from California.She didn’t expect to become a(n) __1__ when she went for a walk with her mom recently.But when some strangers called out for __2__，Mia and her mom ran to their side.
It turned out that some ducklings(小鸭子) had gotten stuck and the people who found them were unable to __3__ them.But luckily for the ducklings，Mia had just what it took to bring them to __4__．Now the six－year－old’s __5__ act is being talked about around the world.
It all __6__ when a family found a mother duck __7__ with only one duckling.The father duck was nearby，but __8__，there were no other ducklings following them.__9__ the family knew that ducks often travel in flocks(群)，they
realized that something was probably __10__．
Then suddenly，there were strange __11__ coming from a drainage pipe(排水管)．They were the cries of ducklings.It turned out that the other ducklings had __12__ into the pipe and gotten stuck.Unluckily，no one in the family had slim(纤细的) enough __13__ to reach down and pull out the ducklings—but __14__，there was a hero nearby.
The family __15__ Mia and her mom，who immediately rushed to them.The family filled Mia and her mom in on what had __16__，and Mia decided to take action __17__ and try to bring the ducklings to safety.
Mia put her arm down into the darkenss and carefully __18__ the first duckling.Mia then rushed back to save the __19__ duckling.And the next...until she had brought all eight ducklings to safety.
After Mia saved the little creatures from __20__，the overjoyed mother duck went off with her beloved ducklings.
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。Mia在一次和妈妈散步的路上，挽救了一些被困在排水管道里的小鸭子，成为了小英雄。
1．A.actor B．interviewer
B．hero D．doctor
答案 C [由下文中的act is being talked about around the world和there was a hero nearby可知，Mia帮助小鸭子脱离困境的行为使她成为一名“英雄(hero)”。]
2．A.advice B．help
C．treatment D．encouragement
答案 B [由下文中的Unluckily，no one in the family had slim enough...to reach down and pull out the ducklings...there was a hero nearby...和Mia帮助小鸭子的行为可知，这家人向Mia和她妈妈寻求“帮助(help)”。]
3．A.lose B．feed
C．protect D．save
答案 D
[由下文有一家人向Mia和她妈妈寻求帮助可知，他们虽然发现了受困的小鸭子，但是无法“施救(save)”。]
4．A.safety B．health
C．joy D．strength
答案 A [由转折连词But以及下文可知，Mia胳膊足够细能够伸进排水管，因此帮助小鸭子摆脱了困境，使它们的处境“安全(safety)”。]
5．A.smart B．creative
C．kind D．fair
答案 C [Mia帮助小鸭子摆脱困境是“善(kind)”举。]
6．A.succeeded B．failed
C．stopped D．started
答案 D [此处开始叙述事情发生的经过。由本句中的when a family found可知，本句叙述的是这件事情是怎么“开始(started)”的。]
7．A.working B．walking
C．waiting D．playing
答案 B [由下文中的following them可知，鸭妈妈只带着一只小鸭子在“走(walking)”。]
8．A.strangely B．suddenly
C．usually D．undoubtedly
答案 A [由下文中的there were no other ducklings following them和in flocks可知，鸭妈妈只带着一只小鸭子的情形非常“奇怪(strangely)”。]
9．A.Though B．If
C．Before D．Because
答案 D [解析见下题。]
10．A.wrong B．different
C．common D．familiar
答案 A [“因为(Because)”这家人知道鸭子都是成群出行的，因此断定可能是哪里出了“问题(wrong)”。]
11．A.warnings B．feelings
C．sounds D．smells
答案 C [由下文中的the cries of ducklings可知，此处指从排水管传来奇怪的“声音(sounds)”。]
12．A.broken B．fallen
C．looked D．flown
答案 B [由上文中的some ducklings had gotten stuck以及下文中的bring the ducklings to safety和the overjoyed mother duck可知，这些小鸭子是意外“掉(fallen)”入排水管的。]
13．A.ropes B．arms
C．sticks D．fingers
答案 B [由下文中的Mia put her arm down可知，那家人向Mia和她妈妈求助是因为他们家没有人的“胳膊(arms)”足够细，能够伸到排水管中。]
14．A.surprisingly B．clearly
C．naturally D．luckily
答案 D [在大家束手无策的时候，Mia正好出现在附近，因此很“幸运(luckily)”。]
15．A.nodded to B．listened to
C．laughed at D．shouted at
答案 D [由上文中的But when some strangers called out可知，那家人向Mia和她妈妈“呼喊(shouted at)”。]
16．A.happened B．changed
C．remained D．finished
答案 A [由下文中的Mia decided to take action可知，在施救之前，那家人先讲述了“发生(happened)”的事情。]
17．A.patiently B．secretly
C．immediately D．finally
答案 C [由文中出现的hero和Mia对小鸭子的营救可知，Mia“立刻(immediately)”决定对小鸭子施救。]
18．A.guided B．examined
C．covered D．lifted
答案 D [由下文中的Mia then rushed back to save可知，她“托起(lifted)”第一只小鸭子。]
19．A.same B．other
C．next D．last
答案 C [由上文中的the first和下文中的And the next可知，Mia在救起第一只小鸭子之后，转身开始救“下一只(next)”。]
20．A.fear B．doubt
C．danger D．anger
答案 C [由上文中的brought all eight ducklings to safety可知，Mia帮小鸭子摆脱了“危险(danger)”。]
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When I was 15 years old，I’d been having regular panic attacks and felt awful all of the time.A doctor told me that if I 21.________(get) more fresh air，I would stop feeling like this.However，it didn’t work at all.It was such a(n) 22.________ (confuse) time and I wanted the ground to swallow me up.
And then one day I found a video online by a famous author.It was a video explaining 23.________ her anxiety was like and how it affected her.She was describing 24.________ (exact) how I had been feeling.I researched it further，finding that millions of people around the world experienced anxiety too and that there were thousands of 25.________(website) on how to deal with it.
I’m fully recovered now，but I wanted to write about anxiety，mainly 26.________(help) others.Anxiety is suffering with panic attacks 27.________ include shaking，crying，numbness in the limbs and getting dizzy or even fainting(昏厥)．Aside from the attacks，anxiety also stops you from 28.________(live)．But things turn around.You just need to take the first steps towards help.
These terrible experiences 29.________(be) so long ago now.I’m a totally different person，I’m strong and I can handle anything life throws at me and 30.________ can you!
答案 21.got [由主句中的would stop可知此处表示与将来事实相反的假设，故条件句中应用一般过去时。]
22．confusing [设空处意为“令人困惑的”，故填confusing。]
23．what [设空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作介词like的宾语，故填what。]
24．exactly [设空处修饰谓语，故填副词exactly。]
25．websites [thousands of后需跟名词的复数形式，故填websites。]
26．to help [设空处作目的状语，且I与help之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填to help。]
27．which/that [设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰panic attacks，且在从句中作主语，故填which/that。]
28．living [设空处作介词from的宾语，故填living。]
29．were [experiences是复数，且由so long ago可知谓语所表示的状态发生在过去，故填were。]
30．so [此处表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人，故用so引起的句子。]
练(三)
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
My elderly neighbor wanted her kitchen decorating a few days ago.However，my mother and I went to help her move some furnitures.She asked if we wanted her cupboard.Lovely as it was，but we didn’t have room for the cupboard.I suggested that unless she didn’t want it，I should advertise it online for her.She didn’t want any payment for a cupboard.That she wanted was for the people to be able to move it
themselves and organized their own transport.Because she was worried about being with strangers，I said I’d give the people her own phone number.I promised I’d go over her house when they came to take the cupboard away.
答案
My elderly neighbor wanted her kitchen a few days ago.，my mother and I went to help her move some .She asked if we wanted her cupboard.Lovely as it was， we didn’t have room for the cupboard.I suggested that she didn’t want it，I should advertise it online for her.She didn’t want any payment for cupboard. she wanted was for the people to be able to move it themselves and their own transport.Because she was worried about being with strangers，I said I’d give the people own phone number.I promised I’d go over her house when they came to take the cupboard away.
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
假定你是李华，计划寒假期间去新西兰旅行。请你用英语给你的新西兰笔友Jack写一封电子邮件询问一些信息，具体如下：
1．著名旅游景点信息；
2．当地特色(如小吃、节日等)；
3．注意事项。
注意：1.词数100左右(开头和结尾已为你写好，但不计入总词数)；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Jack，
I am planning to visit New Zealand this winter vacation.
I’m looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear__Jack，
I__am__planning__to__visit__New__Zealand__this__winter__vacation.How excited I am when I think of meeting you in New Zealand！As you are local and an experienced traveler，I would like to ask you for some information.
First of all，I wonder if you can recommend some places of interest which are worth visiting for foreigners like me.Your firsthand experience will be more convincing than the advertisements provided by travel agencies.Besides，I would appreciate it if you can give me some detailed information about my destination，such as local snacks，festivals or traditions.Last but not least，is there anything else I need to pay special attention to when I am there?
I’m__looking__forward__to__your__early__reply.
Yours，
Li__Hua
第三周
练(一)
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Where to go on the Norfolk Coast
Weybourne
Weybourne is a fishing resort and close to the historic market town of Holt.Since this village is a designated conservation area，there are many fine examples of Norfolk brick and pretty cottages dating from the 17th century.The area is excellent for walking and enjoying the countryside and coast.There are opportunities to see wildlife and bird－watching is very popular.
Kelling
Kelling is a small attractive residential village，which contains a reading room，which is now a book shop，gallery and tea room.Surrounding Kelling and Weybourne are Kelling Heath and Muckleburgh Hill，two raised areas of outstanding natural beauty.
Holkham
Holkham is on the beautiful North Norfolk Coast.Holkham Bay is the most extensive，diverse and dramatic nature reserve in Norfolk，with windswept sand dunes，a maze of creeks，shady pinewoods，green pastures and marshes (湿地)．Across the coast road is Holkham Hall，home of the Coke family.
Sea Palling
Sea Palling is a small，quiet family seaside resort on the East Norfolk Coast.A number of reefs have been built as part of the coast defenses and they calm the waves making Sea Palling an ideal place to swim or for children to play.There are plenty of facilities for such a small resort，including a pub，cafe，shop and small amusement arcade.
Salthouse
Salthouse is situated on the salt marsh of the North Norfolk Coast.Now，the village is a lovely quiet spot to enjoy the views over the marshes and bird－watchers come from all over to observe both common and rare species.The beach is a large pebble bank and is the only protection from the hard north winds，high tides and severe weather.The village contains the attractive Parish Church of St.Nicholas.
【语篇解读】 本文是应用文。英格兰的诺福克海岸有哪些美景可以欣赏？一起来了解一下。
1．Which would most suit a couple with a kid who like to play and swim?
A．Kelling. B．Holkham.
C．Sea Palling. D．Weybourne.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据Sea Palling部分中的they calm the waves making Sea Palling an ideal place to swim or for children to play可知选C项。]
2．What do Weybourne and Salthouse have in common?
A．They are situated close to Holt.
B．They are well－known for marshes.
C．They have unique types of cottages.
D．They are attractive to bird－watchers.
答案 D [细节理解题。根据Weybourne部分中的There are opportunities...is very popular以及Salthouse部分中的bird－watchers come from all over to observe both common and rare species可知选D项。]
3．What can visitors do on the Norfolk Coast?
A．Climb Muckleburgh Hill in Holkham.
B．Drink tea in the reading room in Kelling.
C．Enjoy windswept sand dunes in Weybourne.
D．Visit the home of the Coke family in Salthouse.
答案 B [细节理解题。根据Kelling部分中的Kelling is a small attractive...gallery and tea room可知选B项。]
B
Marie Tharp was born in Ypsilanti，Mich.，on July 30，1920，into a mapping
family.Her father，William Edgar Tharp，was a soil surveyor for the United States Department of Agriculture，and the Tharps went to wherever his work took him.Ms.Tharp once said that by the time she graduated from high school，she had attended two dozen public schools across the country.
She received a bachelor’s degree in English and music from Ohio University in 1943，followed the next year by a master’s degree in geology from the University of Michigan.While working as a geologist for an oil company in Oklahoma，Ms.Tharp earned a degree in mathematics from the University of Tulsa in 1948.That year，she joined Columbia University’s geology department as a research assistant to the well－known scientist Maurice Ewing.Bruce C．Heezen，who went on to become a leading geologist and oceanographer，was a graduate student there，and he and Ms.Tharp would share their professional and personal lives for the next three decades.
Before the mid－20th century，little was known about the ocean bottom.In 1949，Mr.Ewing and his team started a quest to map the sea floor using sonar soundings(声呐探测)．Because a research ship was considered no fit place for a woman，Ms.Tharp，working with pen and ruler，plotted the data back in Palisades.With Mr.Heezen，Ms.Tharp compiled the first comprehensive map of the entire ocean bottom，shedding light on a hidden world of huge cracks and valleys，and volcanic ranges stretching for thousands of miles.It was published in 1977.
In his book “The Mapmakers”，John Noble Wilford，a science reporter，described their achievement this way：“Like other pioneering maps，the one by Heezen and Tharp is not complete and not always completely accurate.It is，however，one of the most remarkable achievements in modern cartography(制图学)．It is the summary of more than a century of oceanographic effort.”
Ms.Tharp’s work in plotting the ocean’s bottom would also help gain acceptance for the theory of continental drift(大陆漂移)，still an unpopular theory when she and
Mr.Heezen began their cooperation in the late 1940’s.
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。文章讲述了美国科学家Marie Tharp与Bruce C．Heezen合作，绘制了世界上第一张海底地图。
4．What do we learn about Tharp’s family?
A．They loved traveling.
B．They moved too often.
C．They were quite wealthy.
D．They farmed for a living.
答案 B [细节理解题。由第一段中的the Tharps went to...across the country可知，Tharp家搬家非常频繁。]
5．When did Tharp start to work with Heezen?
A．In 1943. B．In 1944.
C．In 1948. D．In 1949.
答案 C [细节理解题。由第二段中的Ms.Tharp earned a degree...Maurice Ewing.Bruce C．Heezen可知，Tharp从1948年开始与Heezen合作。]
6．What does the author say about the map in Paragraph 3?
A．It was completed on a research ship.
B．It was based on Ewing and his team’s studies.
C．It went against the theory of continental drift.
D．It was aimed at protecting natural habitats on the sea floor.
答案 B [细节理解题。由第三段中的In 1949，Mr.Ewing and his team started a quest to map the sea floor和plotted the data back in Palisades可知，这张海底地图是以Ewing和他的研究团队获得的研究数据为基础制作的。]
7．How did Wilford look at the map?
A．He admired it.
B．He tolerated it.
C．He was cautious about it.
D．He was doubtful about it.
答案 A [推理判断题。由倒数第二段可知，
Wilford对这张地图的价值给予了充分肯定。]
C
(2018·日照市联考)Hagfish produce a slime(黏液) when approached by enemies that has caught the attention of scientists from the ETH Zurich(Swiss Federal Institute of Technology)．With further study they hope to use the slime to benefit mankind.
While the Atlantic hagfish isn’t all that attractive at first glance with its worm－like shape，it has overcome all difficulties and survived for 300 million years，outliving dinosaurs.Even today，the hagfish continues to populate the sea at vast depths.
The slime produced by a hagfish is an extraordinary defense mechanism(机制)：When the fish is attacked，it produces slime that gels(胶化) quickly，even in cold water.This slime suffocates(使窒息) any enemy，thus allowing a caught hagfish to escape unharmed.
“As a chemist and material scientist，I couldn’t help but wonder what this slime consists of and what allows it to absorb such enormous amounts of water，”Dr.Simon Kuster，research supervisor，said.
Experiments showed the components for the slime are produced in special ventral glands(腹部的腺体)．Two types of cells are within the gland：threads of protein between six and 12 inches long and mucin(黏蛋白)．Researchers say the threads are like spider silk，incredibly tough，and the mucin sits between them，making them slimy.
When in danger，these cells are released and immediately interact with the surrounding sea water to form the suffocating mass.Therefore，researchers say，the slime is nearly 100 percent water and just 0.004 percent gelling matter.How the thread appears with such speed and efficiency when it comes into contact with sea water is still a mystery the team is working to understand.
Now，researchers are trying to mimic the hagfish gel in order to create new gels that can be widely used in our daily life.
Their study was recently published in the journal ACB Biomaterials Science & Engineering.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。当盲鳗受到攻击的时候，它会分泌出一种黏液来保护自己，这种黏液可能帮助我们研制出超强的吸水材料。
8．Why do hagfish produce the slime?
A．To attack enemy hagfish.
B．To hunt for animals.
C．To protect themselves.
D．To warm themselves.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据第一段中的Hagfish produce a slime(黏液) when approached by enemies和第三段可知，盲鳗分泌这种黏液是为了保护自己。]
9．What do we learn about hagfish?
A．They are endangered.
B．They are a tough species.
C．They look very beautiful.
D．They live in shallow seas.
答案 B [细节理解题。根据第二段可知，盲鳗是一种生命力很强的物种。]
10．How would Kuster probably feel about the slime?
A．It’s simple. B．It’s useless.
C．It’s amazing. D．It’s frightening.
答案 C [推理判断题。根据第四段可知，Kuster是一名化学家和材料科学家，他迫切想知道盲鳗黏液的成分，以及这种黏液如何吸收了那么多水分。可以推断，盲鳗的黏液让Kuster感到惊奇。]
11．What happens when a hagfish resists an attack?
A．Its body absorbs a lot of sea water.
B．Its glands produce two types of cells.
C．It catches the enemy with the threads.
D．It uses the mucin to poison the enemy.
答案 B [细节理解题。根据第五段中的Two types of cells are within the gland和第六段中的When in danger，these cells are released可知，当盲鳗进行反击的时候，它的腺体会分泌两种细胞。]
12．What does the underlined word “mimic” probably mean?
A．Replace. B．Protect.
C．Improve. D．Imitate.
答案 D [词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段内容，联系第一段中的With further study they hope to use the slime to benefit mankind可知，科学家们正在研究如何仿制盲鳗的黏液，制造出新的凝胶。]
D
Centuries after Shakespeare wrote about King Lear’s symptoms，there’s still no perfect way to care for sufferers of dementia(痴呆症)．In the Netherlands，however，a radical idea is being tested：self－contained “villages” where people with dementia shop，cook，and live together safely.
Properly attending to people who suffer from dementia is a challenging and increasingly expensive task，and it is only going to get harder.Basically，under no circumstances are we prepared for the future that awaits us in terms of taking care of these patients.
However，De Hogeweyk，a dementia－focused living center in the small town of Weesp，the Netherlands，could be the answer.Hogeweyk is essentially a walled village，complete with apartment buildings，shops，restaurants，gardens，roads，and more.The creators of Hogeweyk，caregiver Yvonne van Amerongen and Dutch architects Molenaar&Bol&VanDillen，say the idea was to design a world that has as much of a resemblance to normal life as possible，without endangering the patients.For example，dementia patients often have random urges to roam around(闲逛)．In most dementia care centers，this is combated with secure lockdowns.At Hogeweyk，however，the boundary of the village is actually the walls of buildings，so patients can ramble in the village without running the risk of wandering away.
Apart from keeping the patients safe，Hogeweyk also keeps them comfortable.People who suffer from dementia have trouble with unfamiliar spaces，so apartments at Hogweyk come in different styles，designed to be as familiar as possible to the patients.The patients also help with jobs like cooking and cleaning.And they can
shop，get their hair done and see a movie，all of which gives them a routine and a sense of security.
By treating residents as normal people，Hogeweyk seems to suggest that they aren’t really that different，deep down—they just have different needs.Since Hogeweyk has been a massive success for its humane treatment of dementia patients，other care－giving companies all over the world are likely to follow its example.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。荷兰的De Hogeweyk小镇为如何照看老年失智症病患这个全球课题找到一个另类关怀的解决途径！
13．What is the main purpose in building Hogeweyk?
A．To better control dementia patients.
B．To accept dementia patients from all over the world.
C．To provide enough care centers for dementia patients.
D．To let dementia patients live in a comfortable and safe place.
答案 D [细节理解题。由第三段的描述可知，Hogeweyk的创办者Yvonne van Amerongen的理念是让老年痴呆患者们能过上相对自由，安全且和正常人无多大差异的生活。]
14．What do we know about dementia patients at Hogweyk?
A．They look after one another.
B．They can help to cook and clean.
C．They live in apartments of the same style.
D．They aren’t allowed to wander around the village.
答案 B [细节理解题。由第四段中的The patients also help with jobs like cooking and cleaning可知，住在Hogeweyk的老人们也会做些力所能及的工作，比如做饭、打扫。]
15．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．With more Hogeweyks，there will be fewer dementia patients.
B．The cost of caring for dementia patients will go down.
C．Care facilities like Hogeweyk will be more available.
D．Hogeweyk will join in other care－giving companies.
答案 C [推理判断题。由最后一段的最后一句可知，Hogeweyk的成功会让全球纷纷效仿，所以将来有望出现更多此类人性化的看护机构。]
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Six reasons why learning English is so important
•English may not be the most spoken language in the world，but it is the official language in a large number of countries.__16__The number of people in the world that use English to communicate regularly(经常地) may be 2 billion!
• __17__And it has become almost a necessity(必需的事物) for people to speak English if they are to enter a global company.Its importance in the global market place therefore cannot be understated(轻描淡写)；learning English really can change your life.
•Many of the world’s top films，books and music are published and produced in English.__18__
•Most of the information produced on the Internet(50%) is in English.So knowing English will allow you to gain a large amount of information which may not be otherwise available!
• __19__The original(原创的) writings of great scientists and others who did not speak and write in the English language have all been translated into English.
• __20__We can make friends with people from every corner of the world.For example，as an English teacher teaching poor children from a non－English－speaking country，English allows me to learn more about ways to help the children.
Although learning English can be difficult，we can see that it is also very important and can create many chances!
A．There are various ways to learn English.
B．English is the most important business language.
C．German and Russian are also important in science.
D．More than 75 countries make English their official language.
E．English makes it easy for us to understand people from all over the world.
F．Therefore by learning English you will have a greater cultural understanding.
G．It is English that plays the most important role in spreading scientific knowledge.
【语篇解读】 本文是议论文。文章主要探讨了学习英语的重要性。
16．D [根据第一段中的English may not be...a large number of countries可知，许多国家都把英语当作他们的官方语言。]
17．B [根据下文中的And it has become...a global company可知，如果你想进入全球性企业，英语是必备条件，所以英语在商业中起着重要的作用。]
18．F [根据上一句Many of the world’s top films，books and music are published and produced in English可知，因为许多国家的电影、书籍都用英文出版发行，所以通过学习英语你可以更好地了解各国文化。]
19．G [根据下一句介绍科学家的著作被译为英语可知，英语在传播科学知识方面起着巨大的作用。G项中的scientific与下文的scientists相呼应。]
20．E [根据下一句We can make friends with people from every corner of the world可知，英语可以帮助我们了解来自世界各地的人们，并与他们结交朋友。]
练(二)
第二部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A person may have a number of abilities and talents，but he could fail.__1__ the person is aware of his abilities and has the determination to __2__ them，he is going to be a failure.Great people __3__ their abilities，made the best use of at least one of their talents and finally succeeded.
Great men don’t wait for the right opportunity (机会) to turn up on their doorstep; __4__，they create the opportunity in order to __5__ on their way to achievements.These are the people who make things __6__．
Michael Dell said，“Don’t spend so much time trying to choose the perfect opportunity，or you may __7__ the right opportunity.” There is no better time than right now to __8__ doing what you have been thinking about doing.The __9__ is to
listen to your heart and let it carry you in the direction of your __10__．Just open your mind to different possibilities，different ways of __11__ a challenge，and it can provide you with many fresh __12__．
Another key point is to act upon the seized opportunity.Many of us get the right opportunity but __13__ to make use of it.This is because our __14__ are tied up with things that will give __15__ happiness.The basic tendency of human minds is to look for quick results __16__ rather than long－term satisfaction at a later stage.We should __17__ focus our efforts on vital and precious activities that will take us forward in our path of __18__．
With the ability to recognize the right opportunity，determination to __19__ work on it and sincerity to make the best use of it，making __20__ things happen is an absolute possibility.
【语篇解读】 本文是议论文。有才能的人也需要创造机遇，并充分利用它，这样才能取得成功。
1．A.Unless B．Because
C．When D．If
答案 A [根据本空后的“aware”和“failure”可知，除非他能意识到自己的能力，并决心利用它，否则他仍将失败。]
2．A.achieve B．use
C．value D．consider
答案 B [根据本空前的“is aware of”和“and”可知，他要知道自己的能力，并有决心利用它。]
3．A.developed B．admired
C．knew D．acquired
答案 C [根据上句中的“aware of”可知，伟人都很清楚自己的能力并善于充分利用至少其中之一。]
4．A.besides B．therefore
C．otherwise D．instead
答案 D [根据上一句可知，他们不会等着机会上门，而是会主动创造机遇。]
5．A.fight back B．settle down
C．move ahead D．cheer up
答案 C [根据本空后的“way”可知，他们主动创造机遇，以便能在成功的道路上继续前进。]
6．A.happen B．matter
C．improve D．stop
答案 A [根据上句中的“create”可知，他们是主动让事情发生的一类人，且与“making __20__ things happen”呼应。故选A。]
7．A.expect B．miss
C．dislike D．refuse
答案 B [根据本空前“spend so much time”可知，不能耗费时光去等待机遇，那样你就会错失机遇。]
8．A.start B．admit
C．enjoy D．practise
答案 A [现在就是开始做你长久以来一直想做的事的最佳时机。]
9．A.challenge B．key
C．intention D．goal
答案 B [根据第四段第一句中的“Another key point”可知，关键是要听从你的内心，并且让它带你前行。]
10．A.adventures B．memories
C．dreams D．studies
答案 C [根据上句中的“what you have been thinking about doing”可知，它能带你去追逐梦想。]
11．A.creating B．discovering
C．accepting D．examining
答案 D [根据本空前的“Just open your mind to different possibilities”可知，要从不同方面审视挑战。]
12．A.wishes B．tastes
C．ideas D．excuses
答案 C [根据“open your mind”及两个“different”可知，这样它就能给你提供许多新想法。]
13．A.pretend B．try
C．forget D．fail
答案 D [根据本空前的“Many of us get the right opportunity”和“but”可知，很多人没有利用这个机会。]
14．A.minds B．characters
C．natures D．lives
答案 A [根据下一句中的“The basic tendency of human minds”可知，那是因为我们的思想被追求立竿见影的幸福的欲望所束缚。]
15．A.lasting B．true
C．future D．quick
答案 D [根据下一句中的“look for quick results”可知，我们的思想被追求立竿见影的幸福的欲望所束缚。]
16．A.at present B．by chance
C．in person D．in common
答案 A [根据该空后的“rather than long－term satisfaction at a later stage”可知，思维的定势就是要追求现在立竿见影的效果。]
17．A.immediately B．constantly
C．eventually D．normally
答案 B [根据本空后的“take us forward”可知，我们应该持续不断地把注意力放在那些重要的活动上。]
18．A.exploration B．revolution
C．freedom D．success
答案 D [根据第5题空后的“achievements”可知，坚持努力，就能成功。]
19．A.quietly B．freely
C．honestly D．openly
答案 C [根据本题空前后的“ability to recognize the right opportunity”和“sincerity to make the best use of it”可知，要有踏实工作的决心。]
20．A.real B．great
C．reasonable D．lucky
答案 B [根据本题空前的努力可知，有了这些，你就一定能干一番大事业。]
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A man 21.________ was unable to move from the shoulders down has learned to feed himself and drink，thanks 22.________ a robotic arm he controls with his brain.
The 53－year－old man had been 23.________(complete) unable to move due to a neck injury eight years before.He agreed 24.________(go) through two operations to place sensors(传感器) in the area of his brain responsible for arm movement and 36 muscle－stimulating electrodes (肌肉刺激电极) under the skin of his right arm.
At first，only the arm and hand electrodes 25.________(switch) on to begin stimulating the man’s muscles.Researchers then connected the arm electrodes and the brain sensors together and began using the 26.________(equip) to translate his brain signals into commands for the electrodes in his arm.The electrodes stimulated the muscles to complete the movements the man was thinking of.After a full year of practising，he was 27.________(success) in getting a drink from the cup in 11 out of the 12 28.________(attempt) and was able to put several forkfuls of food into his mouth.
The work is a major advance in 29.________ (help) disabled people but the technology isn’t perfect.The man’s movements were slow and he needed to concentrate hard and watch his arm 30.________ whole time.Researchers hope to continue to improve the system.
答案 21.who/that [设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰man，且在从句中作主语，故填who/that。]
22．to [thanks to意为“多亏，由于”。]
23．completely [设空处修饰形容词unable，故填副词completely。]
24．to go [agree to do sth意为“同意做某事”，故填to go。]
25．were switched [由At
first可知switch所表示的动作发生在过去，且electrodes与switch之间是被动关系，故填were switched。]
26．equipment [设空处之前有定冠词，且意为“设备”，故填equipment。]
27．successful [设空处作表语，且意为“成功的”，故填successful。]
28．attempts [由数词12可知此处应用名词的复数形式，故填attempts。]
29．helping [设空处作介词in的宾语，故填动词－ing形式。]
30．the [the whole time是固定短语，意为“一直”。]
练(三)
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Ladies and gentlemen，
Today，I’d like to say something about pollute.As a matter of fact，the effects of industrial pollution is well known for everyone.Though a great deal is being done to control these effects，but the problem of pollution is still seriously.Continued population increase，smog or chemical waste produced by factories and cars，not only caused energy crises(危机)，but also pollute our environment.
In my opinions，to solve the problem of pollution，someone should take action.This is duty of every person，not that of the government alone.
答案
Ladies and gentlemen，
Today，I’d like to say something about .As a matter of fact，the effects of industrial pollution well known everyone.Though a great deal is being done to
control these effects， the problem of pollution is still .Continued population increase，smog chemical waste produced by factories and cars，not only energy crises(危机)，but also pollute our environment.
In my ，to solve the problem of pollution， should take action.This is duty of every person，not that of the government alone.
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
(2018·东北三校联考)假定你是高三学生李华，还有一个月就要离开母校，请你写一份毕业典礼发言稿，内容包括以下要点：
1．列举高中生活的难忘片段(如学习、活动等)；
2．表达感激之情及美好祝愿。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当发挥，以使内容连贯。
Dear friends，
Thank you!
From Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear__friends，
How time flies! It’s about a month before we graduate from this school and we’ll go to separate universities.It is my great honor to stand here and deliver a speech.
Looking back on the old days，I can still remember we were quite curious about everything when we first met.And I like the spring outing best，as we were so delighted exposed to nature.Additionally，what impressed me most was the time when we were completely absorbed in preparing for the university entrance examination.Tired but determined，we fight for our dream without any hesitation.
Words fail me when I want to express my gratitude for the care and love from you.I sincerely hope that after graduation our friendship will last forever.
Thank__you!
From__Li__Hua
第四周
练(一)
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Carol：I started playing the cello(大提琴) when I was about eight or nine.It was great playing the cello because I was in youth orchestras(管弦乐队) and we went abroad to do tours.But anyway，when I got to university，I stopped playing.Well，there just wasn’t time and there were so many other things to do.Luckily，I took it up after my 25th birthday and joined a band(乐队)．
Daniel：When I was little，I thought I’d end up learning the guitar like my father，but then I decided that I wanted to have my own instrument(乐器)，so I chose the trumpet(小号)．I’m in the school jazz band and I’d like to be a musician when I grow up，but my dad says it’s difficult to make a living from music.But I don’t want to be a lawyer like him.It’s so boring.
Carmen：Nobody likes living near someone like me because when I practise，I make a lot of noise！But you have to keep practising，don’t you？Otherwise it gets more and more difficult.The trouble is，in the summer，when it’s hot，I have to open the windows，so the whole street gets to hear it if I’m not careful.I love playing the drums and I play in a fantastic band.
Vince：I’ve played the guitar for as long as I can remember，but when I was trying to make it as a musician after school，I used to play in the Underground in London to make a bit of extra money.I kept on playing，but I ran a restaurant to make a living.When I get any spare time I still play.I’ve got a few friends who like music too and we formed a band.
【语篇解读】 本文是应用文。四个人分别谈论了自己喜爱的乐器和演奏经历。
1．Why did Carol give up playing the cello?
A．She couldn’t go abroad to play.
B．She turned to other instruments.
C．She found it boring to play it all day.
D．She couldn’t spare any time to play it.
答案 D [细节理解题。由Carol部分中的But anyway，when I got to...many other things to do可知，上大学后，卡萝尔没有时间继续演奏大提琴。]
2．What does Daniel think of being a musician?
A．It will be fun to do it.
B．It will be hard to make it.
C．It will never make him rich.
D．It will make his father satisfied.
答案 A [推理判断题。由Daniel部分中的I’d like to be...It’s so boring可知，丹尼尔认为他父亲的职业(律师)很无趣，由此推断，他认为做一名音乐家是有趣的。]
3．What troubles Carmen?
A．She cannot play well in public.
B．The street is so noisy in the summer.
C．It’s hard to keep practising in the summer.
D．Playing the drums causes a disturbance to others.
答案 D [细节理解题。由Carmen部分中的when I practise，I make a lot of noise和The trouble is...if I’m not careful可知，卡门担心敲鼓的时候吵着别人。]
B
(2018·福州市一模)From out of the blue waters of the ocean rises the French island，Martinique，whose sloping hillsides are cut by winding valleys，down which little streams run，like silver threads，between the waving sugar－canes and the jade green of the banana trees.Here and there，where these little valleys reach the sea，tiny villages lie half－hidden among tall palm trees.Along the sandy beach，there are many boats of fishermen.At the end of their day’s work，when the setting sun colors the sky a deep red，these men will paddle homeward.
But suddenly，almost without warning，these scenes may be changed，and the whole countryside be turned into a place of terror and ruin by a volcanic eruption.
At the foot of the peak of Mont Pelée lay St Pierre，one of the most beautiful towns in the whole of the West Indies.For some days Mont Pelée had been throwing out masses of steam and ash.But this was no uncommon thing，and people only shook their heads and said，“It will soon be over；it is only old Pelée in one of his angry moods！”
There was a stormy night.Huge waves hit the shore.The sky was split by lightning.But the storm died away，and morning broke calm and clear.The volcano itself seemed quiet again.
It was a holiday in 1902，and the narrow streets were already crowded with people，when suddenly a great explosion was heard，and inky clouds poured from the volcano，darkening the sky.People，terror－stricken，turned to flee.But too late，for down the mountain－side rolled a vast cloud of white－hot ash，heavily charged
with poisonous gases，which destroyed everything in its path.In a few minutes the city，with its 33，000 citizens，had been utterly wiped out.
Today a little port stands on the old site.Masses of greenery cover the ruins of this once lovely city，but old St Pierre is only a memory.
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。西印度群岛的圣皮埃尔市曾于1902年被火山喷发彻底毁灭。
4．What can we say about the scene described in the first paragraph?
A．Scary. B．Strange.
C．Deserted. D．Peaceful.
答案 D [推理判断题。细读第一段不难体会出作者描绘了一幅宁静的海边美景。]
5．How did the locals feel about the activities of Mont Pelée?
A．Rather curious. B．Quite confused.
C．Not at ease at all. D．Not very worried.
答案 D [细节理解题。根据第三段末句可知，当地人对培雷火山的活动并未感到很担心。]
6．What did people do just after the stormy night?
A．They got ready to flee.
B．They lived their life as usual.
C．They began to repair the damage.
D．They watched the volcanic eruptions.
答案 B [细节理解题。根据第五段中的It was a holiday in 1902，and the narrow streets were already crowded with people可知，一夜暴风雨之后，人们又照常生活。]
7．What do we learn about St Pierre?
A．It is located on the mountainside.
B．It was a small village of Martinique.
C．It was completely destroyed in 1902.
D．It has over thirty thousand citizens today.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的In a few minutes the city，with its 33，000 citizens，had been utterly wiped out和最后一段可知，圣皮埃尔市于1902年被彻底毁灭。]
C
Opera singers and dry air don’t get along.In fact，the best professional singers require humid(潮湿的) settings to help them achieve the right pitch.“When your vocal cords are really dry，they’re a little less elastic(有弹性的)，”says Caleb Everett，an anthropological linguist at the University of Miami.As a result，singers experience tiny variations in pitch as well as wavering volume(颤音)．
If the amount of moisture (湿气) in the air influences musical pitch，Everett wondered，has that translated into the development of fewer tonal languages in waterless locations？Tonal languages，such as Mandarin Chinese and Cherokee，rely on variations in pitch to differentiate meaning：the same syllable spoken at a higher pitch can specify a different word if spoken at a lower pitch or in a rising or falling tone.
In a survey of more than 3，700 languages，Everett and his teammates found that those with complex tones do indeed occur less frequently in dry areas than they do in humid ones，even related languages included.For instance，more than half of the hundreds of languages spoken in tropical sub－Saharan locations feature complex tones，while none of the two dozen languages in the Sahara do.Overall only one in 30 complex tonal languages flourished (兴盛) in dry areas；one in three nontonal languages cropped up in those same regions.
Those conclusions run counter to a traditional linguistic view that the structure of language is independent of its environment，says Robert Ladd，a linguistics researcher at the University of Edinburgh.To bolster the Miami group’s findings，researchers in the field will need to prove that tonal languages require a precise control of pitch.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。专家发现一个地方的气候干湿程度会影响该地的语言种类。
8．How can humid settings influence opera singers?
A．By stopping them experiencing wavering volumes.
B．By letting them feel no variations in pitch.
C．By making their vocal cords more elastic.
D．By making them sing more difficultly.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据第一段中的When your vocal cords are really dry，they’re a little less elastic(有弹性的)可知，湿润的环境会让人的声带不发干，因而会更有弹性。]
9．Which of the following locations might develop fewer tonal languages?
A．Desert. B．Rainforest.
C．Grassland. D．Wetland.
答案 A [细节理解题。根据第三段中提到的对3 700种语言调查的结果，以及对撒哈拉地区的语言种类研究可知，干燥地区的声调语言种类较少。]
10．Which word has the closest meaning to the underlined word “bolster” in the last paragraph?
A．Explore. B．Support.
C．Conclude. D．Record.
答案 B [词义猜测题。由最后一段中的researchers in the field...a precise control of pitch结合上文提到的研究结论(干燥地区的声调语言种类较少)及第一段所说的湿润的环境会让人的声带更有弹性因而能更好控制音高，可知要支持(bolster)迈阿密研究组的结论，专家们需进一步证明声调语言需要精确掌控音高。]
11．What is the main idea of this text?
A．Opera singers require humid settings to perform.
B．The amount of moisture in the air influences musical pitch.
C．The structure of language is independent of its environment.
D．Humid places produce languages with more complex tones.
答案 D [主旨大意题。文章通过列举歌剧演员的事例和给出专家调查得到的数据等来说明湿润的气候有利于孕育音调复杂的语言。]
D
A creature that looks like a small dinosaur，complete with spikes(尖刺) and a pointy beak，crawled out of a river in the Russian Far East and into the nightmares of many who saw images of it on social media.
The spiked turtle was found on the banks of the Amur River near the Leninskoye settlement，part of Russia’s Jewish Autonomous Region，according to The Siberian Times.“When we encountered it，we did not even realize that it was a turtle，” Anastasia Steshina，who filmed the creature，said.“It reminded us of a dinosaur.It was biting through sticks with its jaws and tried to attack us.”
Turns out，the creature is an alligator snapping turtle.Someone who owned the turtle may have dumped it into the river when it grew too big，The Siberian Times reports.It’s also possible the Chinese are breeding alligator snapping turtles for eggs and meat on the other side of the river and it escaped and ended up getting there.
National Geographic says the freshwater turtle is found almost exclusively in rivers，canals and lakes in the American southeast.It also says the turtles can live to between 50 and 100 years old.Males weigh around 175 pounds，with some growing up to 220 pounds，and can have a shell that reaches 26 inches long.Females are much smaller，weighing about 50 pounds.
The alligator snapping turtle is listed as “vulnerable” on the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List，and the U．S.Fish and Wildlife Service is preparing a study that could lead to new protections for the turtles.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。一些人最近发现了一只大鳄龟，错把它当成了小型恐龙。
12．Those who saw the turtle on social media most probably found it very ________．
A．exciting B．frightening
C．embarrassing D．puzzling
答案 B [推理判断题。根据第一段中的crawled out of a river...on social
media可知，看过这只大鳄龟图像的人认为它很令人害怕。]
13．When Anastasia Steshina first saw the turtle，she ________．
A．tried to attack it and drive it away
B．thought it was something normal
C．didn’t really know what it was
D．ran away immediately
答案 C [细节理解题。根据第二段中的When we encountered it...it was a turtle可知，Anastasia Steshina当时并不知道它是什么。]
14．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．What the creature is.
B．Why the turtle was there.
C．Why the turtle was dumped.
D．What the turtle can be used for.
答案 B [段落大意题。根据第三段的Someone who owned the turtle may have dumped it into the river when it grew too big...it escaped and ended up getting there可知，这一段主要是讲这只大鳄龟为什么会出现在那里。]
15．What do we know about alligator snapping turtles?
A．They can live hundreds of years.
B．They spend a lot of time on the land.
C．Their shells can weigh as much as 26 pounds.
D．Females can be over 100 pounds lighter than males.
答案 D [细节理解题。根据第四段中的Males weigh around...weighing about 50 pounds可知，雌性可能会比雄性轻一百多磅。]
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Does eating grapefruit burn fat?
Where did the myth(荒诞的说法) come from?
People seem to believe that there’s something magical about grapefruit—that，in some
way，it helps burn fat.__16__It’s probably based on the fact that，years ago，grapefruit juice was used by housewives for cleaning fat stains(污点)．While it might be good at breaking down fat stains，it doesn’t work like that once it’s in the body.Others believe that it increases metabolism(新陈代谢) and helps burn fat.Again，no facts show that this is true.
__17__
The American Dietetic Association has shown that this “long－held myth is wishful thinking” and that grapefruit doesn’t help people lose weight or burn fat.
Of course，if you’re only going to have half a grapefruit for breakfast instead of several kinds of fatty foods，then you’re going to lose weight.__18__It’s just that you’re having light meals.
__19__
The only way to lose weight is to watch what you eat and take some exercise.Grapefruit is full of vitamins(维生素) that the body needs，so it’s a good food to include in your meals.__20__
The other thing to remember about grapefruit is that you shouldn’t eat it or drink it as a juice if you are taking statins(胆固醇合成酶抑制剂)．
A．What’s the truth?
B．So is there no hope?
C．Which food is a better choice?
D．But this is just scientifically rubbish.
E．However，it has nothing to do with grapefruit.
F．Here is some advice on losing weight fast and safely.
G．But it’s not going to make the pounds drop off magically.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。针对吃葡萄柚能够燃脂的说法，本文进行了反驳，并提出了正确减肥的方法。
16．D [D项中的this is just scientifically rubbish和上文中的People seem to believe语意相反，用But连接符合语境。而且D项和本段小标题中的myth相呼应。]
17．A [上一部分提到了这种荒诞的说法被流传的两个原因，本段承接上一段指出事实的真相。本部分中的this “long－held myth is wishful thinking” and that grapefruit doesn’t help people lose weight or burn fat是对A项问题的回答。]
18．E [E项中的it has nothing to do with grapefruit和上文中的you’re going to lose weight构成对比，用However连接符合语境。且下文中的It’s just that you’re having light meals是对E项的解释说明。]
19．B [上一部分指出吃葡萄柚不能帮助燃脂的真相后，本部分提出问题：是否还有希望(减脂)，承接上文，符合语境。且本部分中的The only way to lose weight is to...回答了B项的问题。]
20．G [上文提到葡萄柚富含维生素，是饮食中一个不错的选择，但G项话锋一转，回到本文的主题：葡萄柚并不具有使我们的体重下降的魔力。G项放在此处符合语境。]
练(二)
第二部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When I was 16，my family moved away to a foreign country.At the time，I thought I would be fine __1__ them.I felt I wasn’t a child and could go out into the big world __2__．And I wasn’t __3__ alone—I went to live with my uncle and his family.But it was the biggest __4__ of my life.I’d always look forward to my mum’s __5__，which weren’t very __6__ and passed in the blink(眨眼) of an eye.I was so __7__ every time my mum left.
I discovered Harry Potter while I was studying for my A－levels.I can’t say I compared myself to Harry，__8__ I did at the time I felt I was always alone.That was one of the things which made me feel we were __9__．
From about the age of 17 to 20，I __10__ myself sometimes.It was never serious and no one ever __11__ about it.It was something for me：only I would know about it.Times were __12__，but the series always gave me something to __13__．They were there when no one else was.
Finally，the __14__ helped me understand that I could __15__ my friends when I was helpless and，importantly，trust them，and it then became a group __16__ to get me better.
Culturally，Harry Potter has had a huge __17__ on our generation(一代人)．It has taught us to care about others，__18__ strangers.It’s something I feel we can pass on to the next generation too.
I think if I were to meet J．K.Rowling，I’d want to __19__ her.Her books have encouraged so many people to be __20__．And then I’d ask for an autograph(亲笔签名)．
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。《哈利·波特》使作者远离孤独和自我伤害。
1．A.except B．beyond
C．for D．without
答案 D [由下文中的I felt I wasn’t a child and could go out into the big world可知，“我”当时以为“没有(without)”父母在也可以过好。]
2．A.apart B．alone
C．down D．around
答案 B [下一句中的alone对本空有提示。]
3．A.hardly B．just
C．still D．completely
答案 D [由本句中的I went to live with my uncle and his family可知，“我”不是“完全(completely)”一个人。]
4．A.choice B．dream
C．mistake D．chance
答案 C [本句中的it指代上文中的作者认为自己一个人可以过好。由下文作者的孤独和自我伤害可知，这是作者犯得最大的一个“错误(mistake)”。]
5．A.gifts B．changes
C．plans D．visits
答案 D [由下文中的every time my mum left可知，作者总是在期盼妈妈的“看望(visits)”。]
6．A.frequent B．necessary
C．difficult D．short
答案 A [由下文中的I felt I was always alone可推断，妈妈的看望不是很“频繁(frequent)”。]
7．A.calm B．pleased
C．shocked D．upset
答案 D [由下文作者的孤独和自我伤害可知，妈妈每次离开的时候，作者都很“难过(upset)”。]
8．A.if B．but
C．because D．so
答案 B [“但是(but)”在“我”感觉孤独的时候，觉得可以将自己和哈利·波特做比较。]
9．A.ordinary B．connected
C．different D．unusual
答案 B [由上文中的I can’t say I compared myself to Harry可知，孤独感使作者觉得和哈利·波特“有联系(connected)”。]
10．A.harmed B．encouraged
C．asked D．proved
答案 A [由下文中的It was never serious可推断，作者常常自我“伤害(harmed)”。]
11．A.cared B．thought
C．knew D．worried
答案 C [由下文中的only I would know about it可知，没有其他人“知道(knew)”。]
12．A.quiet B．enjoyable
C．hopeless D．slow
答案 C [解析见下题。]
13．A.look down on B．look forward to
C．look up to D．look back on
答案 B [由转折连词but和下文中的They were there when no one else was可知，每天的生活“毫无希望(hopeless)”，但是这个系列的书总能使我对生活有所“期盼(look forward to)”。]
14．A.times B．friends
C．books D．families
答案 C [由上下文可知，此处指《哈利·波特》这个系列的“书(books)”。]
15．A.argue with B．come across
C．learn about D．depend on
答案 D [由下文中的trust them可推断，此处指在“我”无助的时候，我可以“依靠(depend on)”他们。]
16．A.member B．discussion
C．practice D．effort
答案 D [由上下文可推断，是集体的“力量(effort)”使作者好了起来。]
17．A.influence B．control
C．pressure D．decision
答案 A [由下文中的It has taught us to care about others和It’s something I feel we can pass on to the next generation too可知，作者认为《哈利·波特》这个系列的书对他们这代人产生了巨大的“影响(influence)”。]
18．A.only B．even
C．almost D．never
答案 B [此处用even表示递进。]
19．A.advise B．help
C．thank D．follow
答案 C [由上文《哈利·波特》这个系列的书使作者远离孤独和自我伤害可推断，作者要“感谢(thank)”《哈利·波特》的作者。]
20．A.easier B．faster
C．smarter D．better
答案 D [上文中的get me better对此空有提示。]
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2018·沈阳市第一次质量检测)It’s great being a tourist and wandering around old towns and villages seeing the sites，but is it such 21.________ thrill for the local residents (居民)？Villagers 22.________(live) in the area known as “Old Holland” outside of Amsterdam have had enough of visitors walking around and of tour guides disturbing their peace.They have got together with local tour companies 23.________ (create) rules of conduct for tourists.The rules include not photographing residents 24.________ permission，not walking into their gardens and not dropping litter.The new guide to behaviour is an attempt to deal with the growing 25.________ (popular) of the region.Tourism is booming and the number of tourists 26.________ (expect) to rise by 50 per cent in the next decade.
Old Holland is an area 27.________ matches people’s image of Dutch life from a slower，bygone age.There are windmills(风车房) everywhere and locals live in 28.________ (beautiful) preserved，traditional wooden houses.The village of Zaanse Schans is like an open－air museum.The visitors seem happy to knock on the wooden houses to see 29.________ they are made of real wood.If you are a resident of one of those houses，that is 30.________(pleasant)，of course.
答案 21.a [thrill在此意为“令人兴奋的经历”，是可数名词且表泛指，故填a。]
22．living [设空处作Villagers的后置定语，Villagers与live之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且live所表示的动作正在发生，故填living。]
23．to create [They与create之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且设空处表目的，故填to create。]
24．without [此处意为“在没有得到允许时不要给居民拍照”，故填without。]
25．popularity [由growing(增长中的)前的定冠词可知设空处应填名词，且意为“受欢迎”，故填popularity。]
26．is expected [expect表示现在发生的动作，且主语number与expect之间是被动关系，故填is expected。]
27．that/which
[设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰area，且在从句中作主语，故填that/which。]
28．beautifully [设空处修饰形容词，故填副词beautifully。]
29．if/whether [设空处引导宾语从句且意为“是否”，故填if/whether。]
30．unpleasant [游客好奇地敲击木屋会让里面住的人不愉快，故填unpleasant。]
练(三)
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Today I was walking past the railway station while I saw a woman and two young boys，carrying some bags and three huge suitcase.They were consulting a map，and seemed confusing.As a boy readily to help others，I went up to them and asked what they were looking for.I was told they were looking for a school，that wasn’t easy to find.Since it happened to be same way I was going，I offered to give themselves a hand.I helped them for some of the bags and walked with them until we had found the school.Along the way we had a nicer chat.They were grateful and I felt happy.
答案
Today I was walking past the railway station I saw a woman and two young boys，carrying some bags and three huge .They were consulting a map，and seemed .As a boy to help others，I went up to them and asked what they were looking for.I was told they were looking for a school， wasn’t easy to
find.Since it happened to be same way I was going，I offered to give a hand.I helped them some of the bags and walked with them until we found the school.Along the way we had a chat.They were grateful and I felt happy.
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
假定你是某国际学校的学生会主席李华。你校学生会将举办美国历史文化知识竞赛，请你以组织者的身份写一则书面通知。要点如下：
1．竞赛时间和地点；
2．评委构成：三名本地教师和一名外教；
3．报名注意事项。
注意：1.词数100左右(开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数)；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Notice
Student Council
【参考范文】
Notice
Our school will hold an English knowledge competition，focusing on American history and culture，on December 15th from 9：00 to 11：00.The competition will be held in the hall of our school.Three local teachers and one foreign teacher will be our honorable judges.Those who want to take part in the competition should sign up at the office of the Student Council before November 15th.All the students are welcome to join in the competition.Please try your best and get ready in time.We hope you will
have a good knowledge of America through the experience.
Wish you success!
Student__Council
第五周
练(一)
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Family Camp
Bring your family and join us at Camp Ramah in New England on May 26－29，2017.
Our program will feature：
•Arts，sports，and nature workshops led by top quality instructors
•Numerous camp activities (sports，singing，dancing，waterfront)
•Innovative Jewish learning
•Special family activities and programs，as well as separate programs for adults and children of various ages
•Excellent childcare：Daytime childcare for younger children；supervised day camp activities for older children；night－time supervision for all children.
Rates for the weekend include private cabin accommodations，meals，snacks，childcare，and all activities.
Optional Housing Upgrades
During Family Camp，we offer a range of optional housing upgrades，which are reserved on a first－come－first－served basis.Charges for upgrades will be included in the final invoice(发票) that you will receive for Family Camp.All families that do not choose upgraded housing will have a choice of housing options (at no additional costs) ranging from basic cabins to private accommodations such as the Guest House，the Mirpa’ ah and Tikvah village bunks.
If you have any questions about Ramah Family Camp，please contact David Offit，Director of Programming，at davido@campramahne.org or 212－678－8953.
Please note that in 2016，Family Camp ran from Friday through Sunday.In 2017，Family Camp will run from Friday to Monday，allowing for a full day of traditional camp programming.
Family Camp 2017 Rates
Rates for Family Camp 2017 are：
•$250 per adult
•$125 per child
•Children 2 and under are free
Special 10% discount for：
•Early Bird Registration：Families that register by Jan.15.
•First Time Campers：Families that are sending a new camper to Camp Ramah in New England during summer 2017.
NOTE：Families may be eligible(有资格的) for only one 10% discount.
【语篇解读】 本文是应用文。文章是关于家庭露营活动的介绍和宣传。
1．At Camp Ramah in New England，children can ________．
A．build up their bodies
B．learn to act as an instructor
C．team up with other classmates
D．earn some money by babysitting
答案 A [细节理解题。根据Our program will feature...top quality instructors以及Numerous camp activities(sports，singing，dancing，waterfront)可知，家庭露营活动包括体育运动项目，可以强身健体。]
2．How much will a couple with a son aged 1 pay if they register for the camp before Jan.15?
A．$375. B．$450.
C．$575. D．$625.
答案 B [细节理解题。根据费用部分可知，$250×2×
(1－10%)＝$450选B项。]
3．For which of the following should you pay extra?
A．Basic cabins.
B．The Guest House.
C．Upgraded housing.
D．The Mirpa’ ah and Tikvah village bunks.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据Optional Housing Upgrades部分中的During Family Camp...and Tikvah village bunks.可知选C项。]
B
Dance is increasingly being introduced to anyone who is interested for both health and recreational reasons.The National Lottery is funding courses and training，as are local authorities and regional arts associations.In addition，family doctors are prescribing dance to patients，and young footballers are learning about rhythm and balance through hip－hop lessons.There is barely a hall in the country that does not shudder(震颤) with the sound of stamping feet every week.
Simon Dove，The Yorkshire Dance Centre’s organiser and promoter，says that attendance has doubled in the last three years.He attributes this to more choices and easier access.And what a choice there is! There are 35 different lessons every week—everything from Arabic dancing to Egyptian，American tap，Asian and South African Township dance.Simon says，“People like coming here because it helps you stay fit and engages your mind，enabling you to interact (互动) with others，”
Steve Johnson，a dance teacher，goes into schools and introduces kids to jazz, street dance and hip－hop.He thinks that for the less academic，it gives them something to focus on.“Several school teachers have reported back to me that normally difficult and disruptive children have become more manageable because of the lessons.I think it is because they have found something at school that they excel at，making them more confident.The lessons also make them more aware of their bodies and how they
work.”
For Flora，who already keeps fit by doing aerobics，her weekly dance lessons play a more social role in her life.“It’s the togetherness of dancing that is the best.A keep－fit class doesn’t get you so involved with others.When I go out shopping I see people from the lessons and say hello.It makes you feel you are part of a community.”
There were tests done in the US where two previously sedentary (久坐的) 30－year－olds were put on fitness programmes，one using dance，the other running，and the results were the same.People are far more likely to keep up dancing rather than a running programme，so in that way it can be more easily promoted.
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。文章介绍了英国约克郡的舞蹈推广活动。
4．Which provide money for the dance classes?
A．The participants themselves.
B．A variety of public bodies.
C．Family health centres.
D．Local sports centres.
答案 B [细节理解题。由第一段中的The National Lottery is...and regional arts associations可知，舞蹈课的费用由国家彩票中心，当地政府及区内的艺术协会几家公共机构共同负担。]
5．What does Simon say about the dance classes?
A．Some are more popular than others.
B．They are a very sociable way to exercise.
C．They are the quickest way to make friends.
D．There is no limit to the number of class one can take.
答案 B [细节理解题。由第二段的最后一句可知，Simon认为人们喜欢上舞蹈课，因为他们不仅可以锻炼身体还可以与他人互动交往，因此选B项。]
6．What does Steve Johnson say about dance?
A．It is suitable for less active children.
B．It hasn’t grown in popularity in schools.
C．It may help children who lack self－confidence.
D．It can’t be taught by ordinary school teachers.
答案 C [推理判断题。由第三段的内容尤其是其中的I think it is because...making them more confident可知，Steve Johnson认为舞蹈可以帮助那些不太专注学业的孩子发现自己的特长从而增强他们的自信心。]
7．Why does Flora enjoy going to dance classes?
A．They provide her with a sense of belonging.
B．They have enabled her to get over her shyness.
C They allow her to learn from different people.
D．They make her feel more relaxed than other classes.
答案 A [推理判断题。由第四段中的social role，togetherness...part of a community这些字眼和语句可知，Flora上舞蹈课的主要原因是和别人交往给她带来的归属感。]
C
On a rainy day，the raincoat and the umbrella have been used by people to protect themselves from the rain for decades，probably even centuries.However，Chinese designers are making attempts to challenge that with a new product called an “umbrella raincoat”．
As the name suggests，this wonderful rainwear design combines the raincoat and the umbrella with questionable results.For starters，it looks kind of ridiculous，and sellers on Chinese websites actually list this fact as the only disadvantage of the product.They actually describe it a little differently—“You__will__get__a__100%__rate__of__second__glances”—but you actually know what it means.Also，like the umbrella，it only protects your upper body from the rain，with the lower body and legs being almost completely exposed.However，it does free up both your hands，which is actually the main advantage of wearing an umbrella raincoat.
“But isn’t the classic raincoat just better？” I hear you asking.Well，it’s not if you want to show off your wardrobe while still enjoying some protection from the rain.Even those clear raincoats become foggy in the rain，making it hard for
passers－by to admire your fancy dresses.However，with the umbrella raincoat，they still have a clear view.Other advantages include a lightweight，foldable design，and two straps that keep it from being blown away by strong winds.
The umbrella raincoat comes in all kinds of sizes and colors，and if the Chinese online stores who are going to sell it are believers，it will soon take the place of the traditional umbrella，and go into the houses of hundreds of millions of families.But believe it or not，I actually think such device will play a key role in people’s everyday life.
If this thing had been invented in America，I wouldn’t have bothered writing about it，those guys come up with something strange every day，but it turns out China has a taste for bizarre(怪异的) things too.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了中国人发明的雨伞衣，它看起来怪异，但结合了雨伞和雨衣的优点，穿戴着可以腾出手来做其他事情。
8．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 imply about the umbrella raincoat?
A．It is transparent. B．It is very popular.
C．It looks very strange. D．It is a great device.
答案 C [推理判断题。根据第二段中的For starters，it looks kind of ridiculous和They actually describe it a little differently可知，画线部分(你将得到百分之百的回头率)的言外之意是穿上这种雨伞衣看起来很滑稽，很怪异。]
9．What is the main advantage of the umbrella raincoat?
A Freeing up both our hands.
B．Protecting our whole body.
C．Giving us a beautiful appearance.
D．Taking up less space after being folded.
答案 A [细节理解题。根据第二段中的However，it does free up...an umbrella raincoat可知，雨伞衣最大的优点在于它是穿戴在身上，而不是用手撑，从而解放了双手。]
10．What does the author want to say by Paragraph 4?
A．The umbrella raincoat will gain in popularity if promoted.
B．Traditional raincoats won’t disappear from the market.
C New products are less acceptable to ordinary people.
D．Some Chinese online stores are not reliable.
答案 A [推理判断题。从第四段的内容可知，作者相信：如果商业运作成功的话，这种雨伞衣将会成为人们雨天出行的必需品。]
11．How does the author feel about this product being invented in China?
A．Nervous. B．Surprised.
C．Disappointed. D．Encouraged.
答案 B [推理判断题。最后一段的内容表示，作者习惯了美国人天天都有奇怪的点子，而他写这篇文章是因为这种雨伞衣是中国人发明的，他感到非常意外。]
D
In the first days of space exploration，one concern was the possibility that astronauts or spacecraft might be hit by meteoroids(流星体)．Scientists calculated that this possibility was extremely small because meteoroids are rare.Astronauts and spacecraft，on the other hand，would almost certainly encounter space debris(残骸)，which poses a greater threat.
However，in the 60 years since the beginning of space exploration，large quantities of human－made orbital debris have accumulated.Much of the debris consists of satellites that have stopped functioning or rocket booster sections that separated from the main spacecraft.Some of the debris consists of items lost by astronauts.Still more of the debris is the result of collisions，such as when one satellite collides with another or with a large piece of debris.
NASA estimates there are millions of debris particles(微粒) that are too small to be tracked.These circle Earth at a speed of up to 17，500 miles per hour，making even the smallest particles dangerous.One scientist calculated that a chip of paint hitting the window of a spacecraft at orbital speeds will hit with the same amount of force as
a bowling ball traveling at 60 mph.Such an impact occurred on the space shuttle Challenger’s second flight.
Larger objects are even more dangerous，but they can be monitored and avoided.Many satellites have the ability to adjust their course slightly and can be remotely directed to avoid collisions with larger objects that would damage or destroy the satellites.NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA) have departments dedicated to cataloging，modeling，and predicting the movements of space debris.
To avoid adding to the amount of debris，obsolete satellites may need to be able to take themselves out of orbit as their usefulness comes to an end.Until a way to remove these remains is implemented，however，those 500，000 pieces of large fragments，along with the millions of smaller pieces，will continue to orbit Earth.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章说明了人类留在太空的大量残骸带来的极大危害。
12．What’s mainly discussed in Paragraph 2?
A．Problems caused by old satellites and equipment.
B．Better tracking of the space debris that is orbiting Earth.
C．The types of space debris that is causing problems.
D．Why space exploration was carried out in the beginning.
答案 C [段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，该段主要列举了人类留在太空的残骸种类。]
13．Why does space debris pose a greater threat than meteoroids?
A．Space debris is only found in a narrow band around Earth.
B．Meteoroids are much smaller than most pieces of space debris.
C．Space debris cannot be tracked and monitored，but meteoroids can.
D．Meteoroids are rare while there are large quantities of space debris.
答案 D [细节理解题。根据第一段中的Scientists calculated that...encounter space debris(残骸)以及第二段中的large quantities of human－made orbital debris have accumulated可知，与罕见的流星体相比，太空残骸因其数量之大，造成的危害更大。]
14．What does the author intend to show by mentioning Challenger’s second flight?
A．The function of a spacecraft at orbital speeds.
B．The damage caused by debris particles.
C．The impact of NASA’s estimation.
D．The danger posed by space flight.
答案 B [推理判断题。第三段主要说明了残骸微粒所带来的危害，Challenger的例子是为了证明这一观点。]
15．What does the underlined word “obsolete” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A．Private. B．Artificial.
C．Outdated. D．Commercial.
答案 C [词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的To avoid adding to the amount of debris以及as their usefulness comes to an end可知，过时的、不再使用的卫星应该具备退出轨道的功能，避免增加残骸的数量。]
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
You’ve decided your child is spoiled，and you want to do something about it.Is it too late？Not necessarily.Here are four tips from an expert for getting your child to behave well.
__16__You’ve spoiled your child by giving him or her too much for too little.You can correct this by helping your child to learn to work harder for rewards and to understand that not all good behavior is rewarded.__17__For example，at first，insist that your daughter put a few toys away before she gets a snack，and gradually increase the amount of work required for each reward.
Don’t overreact(反应过度) to crying.When children don’t get what they want，their natural behavior is to cry.If you react every time your child cries，you may be denying(拒绝给予) him or her an important chance to learn something.__18__
Prepare for a fight.At the beginning，children’s demands will increase when they
find out parents are not going to give them the new toys they want.When it happens，be careful not to give in just because the child shouts.__19__
Stick with the program.Your child will probably be upset when you begin making changes.__20__It means the requirements are getting stricter and that your child is adjusting(适应)．Remember：give it time，and don’t give up.
A．Cut down on rewards.
B．That’s not necessarily a bad thing.
C．Start out making changes slowly.
D．Rather，wait until the child calms down.
E．Don’t try to reason with him or her about the situation.
F．There is little doubt that things will get worse before they get better.
G．As a parent，you need to know when to comfort a child and when to simply walk away.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。本文介绍了如何纠正被宠坏的孩子的行为。
16．A [下文中的by giving him or her too much呼应A项中的Cut down，且下文中的helping your child to learn...good behavior is rewarded和A项意思相符。]
17．C [下文中的gradually increase呼应C项中的making changes slowly。]
18．G [G项是对上文不过度回应孩子哭闹之后的正确做法的阐述。]
19．D [由本段小标题Prepare for a fight和not to give in just because the child shouts可知，此处给出正确做法：等待孩子平静下来，即D项。]
20．B [B项承上启下，由下文中的It means...is adjusting(适应)可知，上文中提到的Your child will probably be upset的状况也不一定就是坏事，B项符合语境。]
练(二)
第二部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It was 12：45 p．m.on January 2，2007.Fifty－year－old Wesley Autrey was waiting
for the train at a subway station in New York.His two daughters，aged four and six，were with him.
__1__，a sick man fell on the platform(站台)．The man，20－year－old Cameron Hollopeter，got up，but then __2__ again—this time，onto the track between the two rails.A __3__ was coming into the station.It was a(n) __4__ moment.
__5__ Mr.Autrey wasn’t afraid.He __6__ the man，and he looked at the __7__ that the man was in.It was about half a meter deep.And he __8__，“The train is going to travel over this man.__9__ he tries to get up，the train will __10__ him.But if he lies on the ground and doesn’t __11__，he’ll be OK.”So he knew he had to __12__．And there was no time to think carefully.
He __13__．Mr.Autrey lay on top of Mr.Hollopeter and kept him down on the ground.The train driver __14__ them.He was afraid，but he couldn’t __15__ in time.Five subway cars traveled over the two men before the train stopped.
The people on the platform were __16__．When Mr.Autrey heard them screaming(尖叫)，he shouted，“We’re OK down here，but I have two daughters up there.Let them __17__ their father’s OK.”People on the platform clapped and __18__．They were amazed at Mr.Autrey’s __19__．Subway workers helped the two men out.They had no serious injuries.
Mr.Autrey said，“I didn’t do anything special.I just saw someone who needed __20__．I did what I thought was right.”
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。一名患病的男子突然从地铁站台上栽倒在铁轨上，这时一辆列车即将进站，就在这千钧一发的时刻，卫斯理纵身跳到该男子身上保护他不被列车撞上，最终两人均未受重伤，他的勇气令人敬畏。
1．A.Luckily B．Suddenly
C．Quietly D．Finally
答案 B [根据下文中的a sick man fell on the platform可知，一个生病的男子“突然(Suddenly)”倒在了地铁的站台上。]
2．A.climbed B．fell
C．ran D．walked
答案 B [根据文中的a sick man fell on the platform及got up，but then...again—this time，onto the track between the two rails可知，这个生病的男人站起来，可是又“倒(fell)”在了地铁的两个铁轨中间。]
3．A.train B．car
C．bus D．coach
答案 A [根据上文中的Wesley Autrey was waiting for the train at a subway station可知，一辆“列车(train)”即将进站。]
4．A.historic B．exciting
C．right D．frightening
答案 D [根据文中的The man...between the two rails.A...was coming into the station可知，卡梅伦倒在铁轨上，而这时正有一辆列车即将进站，由此可知现在正是“危急(frightening)”关头。]
5．A.But B．Or
C．And D．Unless
答案 A [上文中的The man...was coming into the station与Mr.Autrey wasn’t afraid构成了转折关系，故用“But(但是)”。]
6．A.pointed at B．waited for
C．looked after D．looked at
答案 D [解析见下题。]
7．A.hole B．station
C．space D．seat
答案 C [根据文中的and he looked at the...that the man was in.It was about half a meter deep可知，卫斯理“看了看(looked at)”卡梅伦，又看了看他所处的“地方(space)”，发现那里有半米深。]
8．A.heard B．thought
C．shouted D．suggested
答案 B [根据下文中的The train is going to...he’ll be OK及And there was no time to think carefully可知，下文引号中的句子是卫斯理内心所想的内容。]
9．A.Until B．Because
C．Though D．If
答案 D [解析见11题。]
10．A.pass B．kill
C．leave D．take
答案 B [解析见下题。]
11．A.sleep B．listen
C．move D．rush
答案 C [根据文中的he tries to get up，the train will...he’ll be OK可知，“如果(If)”卡梅伦站起来，他就会被呼啸而过的列车“撞死(kill)”；如果他躺在地上不“动(move)”，他就会安然无事。]
12．A.make a decision B．stand back
C．have a rest D．hold on
答案 A [解析见下题。]
13．A.understood B．smiled
C．jumped D．practiced
答案 C [根据文中的And there was no time to think carefully及Mr.Autrey lay on top of Mr.Hollopeter可知，在这紧急关头，卫斯理必须“作出决定(make a decision)”，他“跳(jumped)”下了站台，趴在了卡梅伦的身上。]
14．A.saw B．encouraged
C．saved D．praised
答案 A [根据文中的The train driver...them.He was afraid可知，列车司机“看见(saw)”了他们俩趴在铁轨上，所以很害怕。]
15．A.turn B．arrive
C．change D．stop
答案 D [根据下文中的Five subway cars traveled over the two men before the train stopped可知，虽然列车司机看见了他俩，但是他也没有办法让列车及时“停下来(stop)”。]
16．A.shocked B．satisfied
C．disappointed D．pleased
答案 A [根据下文中的When Mr.Autrey heard them screaming可知，站台上的人们都“惊呆了(shocked)”。]
17．A.say B．know
C．remember D．imagine
答案 B [根据文中的but I have two daughters up there.Let them...their father’s OK可知，卫斯理和卡梅伦都很安全，卫斯理希望站台上的女儿“知道(know)”她们的父亲没受伤。]
18．A.shook B．cheered
C．cried D．sang
答案 B [根据上文中的We’re OK及People on the platform clapped可知，人们发现卫斯理和卡梅伦安然无恙后开始鼓掌、“欢呼(cheered)”。]
19．A.dream B．responsibility
C．courage D．carefulness
答案 C [根据语境及卫斯理英勇救人的事迹可知，人们都很钦佩卫斯理的“勇气(courage)”。]
20．A.help B．belief
C．hope D．confidence
答案 A [根据文中的I just saw someone who needed...I did what I thought was right可知，卫斯理认为他只是做了他认为对的事，帮助了需要“帮助(help)”的人，没有什么特别的。]
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
High－quality books on traditional Chinese culture are being brought back，21.________ (judge) from the results of the 12th annual Wenjin Awards，China’s national－level comprehensive book award to encourage public reading.
The results were announced on the World Book and Copyright Day.Awards from the National Library of China were given to 10 winning books from about 80 finalists 22.________(choose) by 14 top librarians and scholars.Before that，several rounds of selection had been carried out among a field of 1，800 books 23.________ were published in China last year.
The award has three categories：humanities(人文学科)，popular sciences and children’s books.Half the winners this year dealt with different 24.________(aspect) of traditional Chinese culture.The mixing of social and physical sciences was a trend，and the winning children’s books were 25.________(suit) for adult readers too.
“Many good children’s books 26.________(introduce) into China from other countries in recent years.They helped broaden people’s horizons and inspired 27.________(we) writing，” said Yu Hongcheng，author of the award－winning Dishes on Plate.“However，28.________ worries me that Chinese children may not have enough self－confidence from a cultural viewpoint when exposed to a market 29.________(main) filled with translations.” That concern encouraged her to create the picture book，which focuses 30.________ Chinese agricultural culture—starting with rice，a foundation of Chinese cuisine.
答案 21.judging [judging from sth是固定短语，意为“根据某事物来判断”。]
22．chosen [choose与finalists(决赛入围作品)之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且choose所表示的动作已完成，故填chosen。]
23．that/which [设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰books，且在从句中作主语，故填that/which。]
24．aspects [由different可知此处应填aspect的复数形式。]
25．suitable [由too可知，此处意为“获奖少儿图书也适合成年读者”，故填suitable(适合的)。]
26．have been introduced [由in recent years可知，此处需用现在完成时，且books与introduce之间是被动关系，故填have been introduced。]
27．our [设空处修饰名词，故填形容词性物主代词our。]
28．it [设空处作形式主语，真实主语是that引导的从句，故填it。]
29．mainly [设空处修饰过去分词短语，故填副词mainly。]
30．on/upon [focus on/upon是固定短语，意为“重点是，中心是”。]
练(三)
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I witnessed a street accident today，when happened as I was waiting for the green light.Without hesitate，a woman nearby tried to help victims.However，a nurse came and said，“Excuse me，but I am a nurse and I can do it well than you.After all，I had taken a course in first aid.Stepping back，or I cannot work.”The women stepped aside and watched the procedure.Then she said，“If you need a doctor，and I’m just behind you.”The nurse turned and looked at the woman on surprise.Obviously，the nurse went red.Without saying any more，the doctor started to help.In my opinion，they were all responsible and great.
答案
I witnessed a street accident today， happened as I was waiting for the green light.Without ，a woman nearby tried to help victims.However，a nurse came and said，“Excuse me，but I am a nurse and I can do it than you.After all，I taken a course in first aid. back，or I cannot work.”The stepped aside and watched the procedure.Then she said，“If you need a doctor， I’m just behind you.”The nurse turned and looked at the woman surprise.Obviously，the nurse went red.Without saying any more，the doctor started to help.In my opinion，they were responsible and great.
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
(2018·合肥市第一次质量检测)假设你是晨光中学学生会主席李华，你校本月底将派部分学生到美国一所中学去访问，并进行一场篮球友谊赛。请用英语给该校负责此项事务的联络员Mark写一封邮件，内容主要包括：
1．介绍派出学生情况；
2．希望对方安排篮球比赛；
3．请对方告知接待计划。
注意：1.词数100左右(开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数)；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Mark，
I’m Li Hua，chairman of the Student Council in Chenguang High School.
Yours，
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear__Mark，
I’m__Li__Hua，chairman__of__the__Student__Council__in__Chenguang__High__School.I’m writing to tell you something about our visit to your school at the end of this month.A team of twenty students will be sent there，including five members from our school basketball team.It’s said that your school has one of the top basketball teams so we hope that you can arrange a basketball match between your school team and ours.Hopefully，we will have a better understanding of each other through the game.Besides，would you please send me a schedule of your arrangements？In that case we can make some necessary preparations.I sincerely hope that our visit will promote friendship between our two schools.
Yours，
Li__Hua
第六周
练(一)
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Magazines can help get kids psyched about reading.The thrill of flipping through a fresh magazine can totally drive a new reader to practice words and learn about topics they might not normally be exposed to.For young readers who want to be entertained and learn something new，here are our favorite kids’ magazine subscription picks.
1．National Geographic Kids
National Geographic Kids is designed for children ages 6 to 14.The magazine is published by the National Geographic Society and has been in publication since September 1975.With each issue，young readers enjoy a wide range of regular features such as “Amazing Animals”，“Weird but True”，“Cool Inventions” and “Guinness World Records.”A one－year subscription (10 issues) is $15.
2．Muse
This magazine，launched in January 1997，features nine cartoon characters known as the Muses.The articles expose kids ages 9 and up to history，science and the arts.Regular Muse content includes fun facts，a question－and－answer page and fun themes such as extraterrestrial life(外星生命)，urban legends and pirates.A one－year subscription (nine issues) is $34.
3．ChopChop
This is an award－winning，non－profit quarterly magazine for kids ages 5 to 12.ChopChop is filled with great recipes，interactive games and educational food facts and is intended to inspire and teach kids to cook real food with their
families.ChopChop received the 2014 Parents’ Choice Gold Award and was named the James Beard 2013 Publication of the Year.A one－year subscription (four issues) is $15.
4．Highlights
Who doesn’t remember reading Highlights magazine—whether at home or at the dentist’s office？Every 40－page issue helps children explore exciting new topics，investigate cool subjects and learn about our wonderful world.Highlights is ideal for ages 6 to 12 and features stories，puzzles，games，riddles，science experiments and craft projects.High Five，the preschool version of Highlights，is intended for little ones ages 2 to 6.A one－year subscription (12 issues) is $40.
【语篇解读】 本文是应用文，主要介绍了针对小孩的几种杂志。
1．How much is a two－year subscription to a magazine launched in 1975?
A．$30. B．$34. C．$40. D．$68.
答案 A [细节理解题。根据第一本杂志介绍中的The magazine is published...since September 1975和A one－year subscription(10 issues) is $15可知选A项。]
2．What is special about ChopChop?
A．It has a history of 42 years.
B．It has nine cartoon characters.
C．It is helpful for kids to learn to cook.
D．It includes a question－and－answer page.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据第三本杂志介绍中的第二句to inspire and teach kids to cook real food with their families可知选C项。]
3．Which magazine is suitable for a two－year－old child to read?
A．National Geographic Kids.
B．High Five.
C．Muse.
D．ChopChop.
答案 B [细节理解题。根据第四本杂志介绍中的倒数第二句High Five，the
preschool version of Highlights，is intended for little ones ages 2 to 6可知选B项。]
4．What topic do Muse and Highlights have in common?
A．Science. B．Craft projects.
C．Riddles. D．Animals.
答案 A [细节理解题。根据第二本杂志和第四本杂志的介绍，可知二者都涉及到了科学，故选A项。]
B
The word heliography(日光胶版术) usually refers to a photographic process invented in 1822，but artist Michael Papadakis has given it a new meaning.
Michael used to create art in the old way，with painting and drawing supplies，but on a trip along the Silk Road from Asia to Europe，he became excited about his discovery.“When I was in China my friend had a magnifying glass(放大镜) sitting on his table and I remember the sun shining through the window onto the magnifying glass，”says Michael.“I instantly had a moment of realisation where I thought to myself，‘I could probably draw with that’．”
The young artist threw away all of his painting supplies and started experimenting with sun painting instead.Luckily for him，his hometown of Golden，in Colorado，gets around 300 days of sun a year，so he has had a lot of practice in the last five years.
Holding a wide range of magnifying glass types a few feet away from his wooden canvas，Michael focuses the sun’s rays in a small point which he expertly guides with his hands to scorch his designs into the wood.From natural landscapes and animal portraits，to romantic and heartwarming scenes and company logos，there’s nothing this talented artist can’t do as long as it’s sunny out and he has his magnifying glass.However，he knows he should always take care and protect himself when working long hours，by covering his eyes with glasses，for example.
Michael claims that apart from the unusual medium，what makes his art special compared to painting and drawing is that the process is just as interesting as the result.“I am also a filmmaker and I realized that this was a ‘performance art’ and people have to see it to understand it and truly appreciate it，” he says.“When I’m
working on large scales，people stop in amazement and stare at the bright light.I have to tell them to stop.”
Interestingly，his art form is very similar to pyrography，the art of painting with heat.Only instead of a soldering iron，it uses concentrated sunlight.
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。文章讲述了美国画家迈克尔·帕帕扎基斯用放大镜作画的故事。
5．Why did Michael feel excited on his trip along the Silk Road?
A．He focused his paintings on ancient China.
B．He made friends with many local people.
C．He found an ancient magnifying glass.
D．He found a new tool for painting.
答案 D [细节理解题。由第二段的内容可知，在沿亚欧的“丝绸之路”旅行的时候，艺术家迈克尔·帕帕扎基斯看到朋友在使用放大镜，他顿时想到了自己也可以使用放大镜来作画。]
6．What can we know about Michael from the text?
A．His years of hard work has paid off.
B．He never wears glasses when painting.
C．He always paints out of his hometown.
D．He moves his body quickly when painting.
答案 A [推理判断题。由第四段中的From natural landscapes...has his magnifying glass可知，迈克尔·帕帕扎基斯五年的坚持和付出让他创作出许多作品。]
7．What can we infer from Michael’s words in Paragraph 5?
A．People prefer Michael’s movies to his paintings.
B．Many curious people are injured by the bright light.
C．Michael wants to develop better skills in making films.
D．Seeing how Michael works helps appreciate his paintings.
答案 D [推理判断题。由第五段中的people have to see it to understand it and truly appreciate
it可推知，观看迈克尔·帕帕扎基斯作画的过程有助于人们更好地欣赏他的作品。]
8．What is the best title for this text?
A．Creating a new image
B．Painting with the sun
C．Inspiration from nature
D．The magical magnifying glass
答案 B [标题归纳题。阅读全文可知，美国画家迈克尔·帕帕扎基斯主要应用放大镜聚焦太阳光来烤焦木板进行作画，故B项最适合作本文的标题。]
C
Cosmetics(化妆品) have been used throughout history.The ancient Greeks，the Egyptians，and the Romans all used various kinds of makeup.Some of these cosmetics were used to improve one’s appearance.Others were used to protect one’s skin.However，in some cases，things used for makeup were dangerous or even deadly!
Skin care treatments including perfumes and lotions(润肤液)，and cosmetic masks were used in ancient Egypt by rich and poor alike.Egyptians also developed some of the earliest sunscreens.They used oils and creams for protection against the sun and dry winds.Egyptians，as well as other ancient cultures，used various powders on their skin for beauty as well.Egyptians used kohl，a kind of black powder，around their eyes.Romans put white chalk on their faces.And Indians painted red henna(指甲花染料) on their bodies.
Most of the ancient cosmetics were harmless.However，in the name of beauty，some people applied dangerous chemicals and poisons to their skin.During the Italian Renaissance，women wore white powder made of lead on their faces.Of course，doctors today know lead is like a poison for our bodies.Also around the time of the Renaissance，women in Italy put drops of belladonna in their eyes.These belladonna drops were made from a plant whose poison affects the nerves in the body.By putting belladonna drops in her eyes，a woman’s pupils(瞳孔) would become very large.People thought this made women more beautiful.Actually，this is where the plant’s name comes from.In Italian，belladonna means “beautiful woman.”
In the late 1500s，when Elizabeth I was queen，some rather dangerous cosmetics were also being used by women in England.In particular，women were using special hair dye made with lead and sulphur(硫磺)．The dye was designed to give people red hair，the same color as the queen’s hair，but over time，the dye made people’s hair fall out.Finally，women using this dye ended up bald，like the queen，and had to wear wigs.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了古代有害化妆品在各国的使用状况。
9．What is the main idea of this text?
A．The ancient Egyptians used a lot of makeup.
B．Some cosmetics in the past were dangerous.
C．Italian women had the best makeup.
D．People have always used makeup.
答案 B [主旨大意题。由第一段的最后一句However，in some cases，things used for makeup were dangerous or even deadly及下文各段内容可知，本文主要是列举出了古代各国使用的化妆品中的有害物质。]
10．What was belladonna used for?
A．Beautifying women’s eyes.
B．Making people more energetic.
C．Improving women’s skin color.
D．Protecting people’s eyes from the sun.
答案 A [细节理解题。根据第三段中的By putting belladonna drops...made women more beautiful可知，古代意大利妇女往眼睛里滴颠茄制剂的目的是为了让瞳孔变大，使她们看起来更漂亮。]
11．Where did women of England apply lead?
A．In their hair. B．On their hands.
C．On their faces. D．Under their arms.
答案 A [细节理解题。根据最后一段中的some rather dangerous cosmetics...made with lead可知，古代英格兰妇女用的染发剂里含有铅。]
D
In a perfect world，all information in the report of the Associated Press (AP) (美联社)would be attributed (归于) to named，on－the－record sources.
At times，however，there may be a need to use anonymously(匿名地) attributed information.This is allowed by the AP in some circumstances：if the information is from a credible source with direct knowledge；if it brings to light important facts that otherwise would remain in the shadows；and if the information can be obtained no other way.
Valuable news often originates from whistleblowers(举报人) who would be in danger of losing their jobs，or in some countries their freedom or their lives，if the information was traced back to them.News of officials abusing their power，human rights violations，war crimes or environmental disasters are some of the areas where anonymous sourcing has broken a story wide open—think Abu Ghraib(美军虐待战俘事件)．In cases like this，with the approval of managers，the AP may admit anonymity to the whistleblower，with holding the name in text and showing them from behind or in shadow in videos and photos.
In addition，for anonymously sourced material，the AP routinely requires extra evidence.And managers need to approve any use of anonymous material.
At the same time，there is a lesser variety of anonymity.Sometimes，paid spokespeople find it inconvenient to allow their names to be used even for official information.Wherever possible，the AP journalists are urged to push back against such requests for anonymity，pressing for permission to use the name or ignoring the information if necessary.
Journalists themselves can help to resist the spread of anonymity by avoiding citing (引证) unnamed “diplomats” or “analysts” for facts or views.Another poor practice is quoting from social media posts in which the real identity of the poster is unknown.Both these practices are banned under our standards.
The bar against anonymous comment is set high at the AP.When the AP does agree to use anonymous material，reporters must have a good reason.We should provide as specific as possible a description of the source and，when relevant，describe the source’s motive for disclosing the information.If a story is related to leaked
documents，the reporter must describe how the documents were obtained.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章讲述了美国联合通讯社对匿名材料来源的态度：匿名提供的材料只能在有限制的条件下使用。
12．What can we learn from the text?
A．Analysis from unnamed officials are allowed at the AP.
B．Reporters can use anonymous materials freely at the AP.
C．The AP journalists are urged to resist requests for anonymity.
D．The AP don’t care about people’ motives for providing information.
答案 C [细节理解题。由第五段内容可知，美联社的记者们被要求抵制爆料人匿名的要求。]
13．Why is Abu Ghraib mentioned in Paragraph 3?
A．To show what kinds of news the AP focuses on.
B．To show situations where anonymity is admitted.
C．To indicate that the AP is casting itself as a human rights judge.
D．To indicate that the AP is determined to reveal the army is evil.
答案 B [推理判断题。由第三段中的In cases like this...to the whistleblower可知，作者举美军虐俘事件的例子是为了说明在哪些情况下美联社允许爆料人匿名。]
14．What’s the author’s attitude towards anonymous sources?
A．Cautious. B．Objective.
C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful.
答案 B [推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者只是客观公正地列举说明了美联社对匿名材料的处理方式。]
15．Which is the best title for this text?
A．Why the AP is reliable
B．How the AP reports news
C．How the AP deals with anonymous sources
D．Why the AP likes anonymous information
答案 C [标题归纳题。本文主要围绕美联社对匿名信息来源的态度和使用范围，故只有C项能概括全文。]
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2018·武汉市调研考试)Traveling to all corners of the world gets easier and easier.We live in a global(全球的) village.__16__
Greetings
How should you behave when you meet someone for the first time？An American or Canadian shakes your hand while looking you straight in the eyes.__17__In Japan，you should bow(鞠躬)．In Thailand，the greeting is made by pressing both hands together at the chest and bowing your head a bit.
Clothes
__18__In some Asian countries，you shouldn’t reveal(显露) the body，especially women.In Japan，you should take off your shoes when entering a house or a restaurant.Remember to place them together facing the door you came in.This is also true in South Korea，Thailand，and Iran.
Food and drink
In Italy，Spain and Latin America，lunch is often the biggest meal of the day，and can last two or three hours.__19__In Britain，you might have a business lunch and do business as you eat.In Mexico and Japan，lunch is a time to relax and socialize.And the Japanese rarely drink alcohol(酒) at lunchtime.
Doing business
__20__ You should include your company name and your position.In Japan，you must present your card with both hands，with the writing facing the person you are giving it to.
A．In many parts of Asia，there is no physical touch at all.
B．Sometimes，social events end with singing and dancing.
C．But this doesn’t mean that we all behave in the same way.
D．For this reason many people eat a light breakfast and a late dinner.
E．Many countries have rules about what you should and shouldn’t wear.
F．In many countries，business hours are from 9.00 or 10.00 to 5.00 or 6.00.
G．In most countries，showing business cards is important for all introductions.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。现在，出国旅行变得越来越容易，而了解各国不同的风俗习惯也变得非常重要。
16．C [C项中doesn’t...same way和上文中的global village语意相反，用But连接符合语境；且由下文四部分可知，各国的风俗习惯不同。]
17．A [A项中的parts of Asia呼应下文中的Japan和Thailand；且本项中的no physical touch和上文中的shakes your hand构成对比，并引出下文。]
18．E [E项中的wear和本部分小标题Clothes以及下文中的reveal the body和take off your shoes相呼应。]
19．D [上文中的lunch is often the biggest meal of the day是D项many people eat a light breakfast and a late dinner的原因，用For this reason连接符合语境。]
20．G [G项中business cards呼应本部分的小标题Doing business以及下文中的your card。]
练(二)
第二部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Hoses are tubes used to carry water from one place to another.They are __1__ bent without breaking.They have been __2__ for thousands of years.Ancient people used animal intestines (肠) to __3__ hoses.Animal intestines are quite long.__4__ cleaned and dried，the intestines made fairly good hoses.
Some __5__ also used other kinds of things to make hoses.For example，the ancient Minoans were able to __6__ them using leather(皮革)，or animal skin.
The __7__ of the rubber hose came about because of a __8__ event Dr.Benjamin Goodrich saw in 1870.Goodrich was in his backyard when he smelled __9__．He ran down the street to __10__ that his neighbor’s house was on fire.Goodrich was there __11__ the horse－drawn fire truck.When the truck arrived，the firemen __12__
joined their large leather fire hose to a spigot(水龙头) and opened it.
Goodrich saw the fireman __13__ and join the hose to the spigot.He also saw his neighbor’s house burn down! __14__ when the hose filled with water，the hose __15__！ Leather becomes __16__ and easily broken when it is repeatedly wet and dried.
After seeing the event of the __17__ house and the hose that broke，Goodrich __18__ a new kind of hose had to be invented.At that time，Goodrich ran a company that made rubber goods.In a few months，Goodrich __19__ a new kind of fire hose.The hoses were made of rubber and covered in heavy－duty cotton.The fire hoses sold so well that Goodrich enlarged his product line by producing __20__，lightweight garden hoses.Today，garden hoses are made of rubber or plastic.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了水龙带的历史。
1．A.carefully B．partly
C．easily D．slowly
答案 C [根据文中的They are...bent without breaking可知，水龙带很“容易(easily)”弯曲而不会折断。]
2．A.found B．used
C．studied D．forgotten
答案 B [解析见下题。]
3．A.store B．carry
C．make D．decorate
答案 C [根据文中的They have been...Ancient people used animal intestines to...hoses可知，水龙带被“使用(used)”了上千年，古代人用动物的肠子“制作(make)”水龙带。]
4．A.When B．Since
C．Unless D．Though
答案 A [根据下文中的cleaned and dried，the intestines made fairly good hoses可知，“当(When)”动物的肠子被清洗干净并凉干后就是很好的水龙带了。]
5．A.scientists B．builders
C．foreigners D．cultures
答案 D [解析见下题。]
6．A.change B．produce
C．cover D．clean
答案 B [根据文中的used other kinds of things to make hoses及the ancient Minoans were able to...them using leather可知，许多来自不同“文化(cultures)”的人会用不同的东西“制造(produce)”水龙带。]
7．A.hope B．success
C．invention D．business
答案 C [根据语境及最后一段中的Goodrich...a new kind of fire hose.The hoses were made of rubber可知，橡胶水龙带的“发明(invention)”源于一场事故。]
8．A.sad B．great
C．pleasant D．similar
答案 A [根据下文中的his neighbor’s house was on fire可知，古德里奇在1870年目睹了一场“不幸的(sad)”事故——他邻居家的房子着火了。]
9．A.danger B．food
C．smoke D．blood
答案 C [解析见下题。]
10．A.warn B．discover
C．judge D．report
答案 B [根据文中的Goodrich was in his backyard...that his neighbor’s house was on fire可知，古德里奇在他家后院闻见一股“烟味(smoke)”，他跑到街上“发现(discover)”邻居家的房子着火了。]
11．A.on B．beside
C．after D．before
答案 D [根据下文中的When the truck arrived可知，古德里奇比消防车“先(before)”到达火灾现场。]
12．A.quickly B．quietly
C．suddenly D．nervously
答案 A [由常识及文中的the firemen...joined their large leather fire hose to a spigot and opened it可知，消防员“快速地(quickly)”将火龙带安在水龙头上准备救火。]
13．A.leave B．stop
C．cheer D．arrive
答案 D [根据文中的Goodrich saw the fireman...and join the hose to the spigot可知，古德里奇看见消防员“到达(arrive)”现场并将水龙带安在水龙头上。]
14．A.So B．Because
C．Until D．Or
答案 B [上文中的He also saw his neighbor’s house burn down与下文中的Leather becomes...and easily broken when it is repeatedly wet and dried构成因果关系，故用“Because(因为)”。]
15．A.froze B．dropped
C．broke D．lost
答案 C [解析见下题。]
16．A.wet B．thick
C．hard D．big
答案 C [根据文中的Leather becomes...and easily broken when it is repeatedly wet and dried可知，皮革在反复湿润变干后会变得很“硬(hard)”，容易断裂，所以水龙带充满水后“破裂(broke)”了。]
17．A.fallen B．burning
C．dirty D．empty
答案 B [根据上文中的his neighbor’s house burn down可知，古德里奇邻居家的房子“烧着(burning)”了。]
18．A.decided B．remembered
C．accepted D．doubted
答案 A [解析见下题。]
19．A.bought B．developed
C．noticed D．received
答案 B [根据语境及文中的Goodrich...a new kind of fire hose及The fire hoses sold so well that Goodrich enlarged his product line可知，当古德里奇看到邻居家被烧完的房子及断裂的水龙带后，他“决定(decided)”“开发(developed)”一种新的消防水管。]
20．A.smaller B．rich
C．beautiful D．longer
答案 A [根据下文中的lightweight garden hoses与上文中的covered in heavy－duty cotton对比可知，古德里奇发明的在花园里浇花的水龙带更“小(smaller)”、更轻便。]
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A new study has shown that physical activity and exercise are contagious(有感染力的) because 21.________ social media.Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology discovered that people who post details of their exercise patterns and 22.________(achieve) on social media sites encourage other people to be more active.Researchers tracked the exercise 23.________(routine)of 1.1 million runners over a period of five years.They 24.________(look) at the geographic location of the runners，their social network use，distance，time，pace and the calories(卡路里) they burned.Researchers concluded that sharing personal exercise data via social media can inspire others 25.________(exercise) more，harder and more competitively.
The journal Nature Communications has 26.________(recent) published the research.The study includes 27.________(detail) accounts of how inspiring it can be to read about a friend’s physical activity.Researchers said：“On average，an additional ten minutes run by friends can encourage someone to run three minutes 28.________(long)．” The study said social media improved the performance of runners 29.________ had been a little slower or less in shape，Researcher Sinan Aral said：“In general，if you run more，30.________ is likely that you can cause your friends to run more too.”
答案 21.of [because of意为“因为”。]
22．achievements [设空处与patterns并列，且意为“成绩”，故填achievements。]
23．routines [设空处由of 1.1 million runners修饰，故填routine的复数形式。]
24．looked [由上下文可知look所表示的动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时。]
25．to exercise [inspire sb to do sth意为“激励某人做某事”。]
26．recently [设空处修饰谓语动词，故填副词recently。]
27．detailed [detailed意为“详细的”。]
28．longer [由上文中的additional(另外的) 可知此处意为“多跑三分钟”，故填long的比较级longer。]
29．who/that [设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰runners，且在从句中作主语，故填who/that。]
30．it [设空处作形式主语，真实主语是that引导的从句，故填it。]
练(三)
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
My grandfather is over sixty years old，but he looks young than his real age.Before his retirement Grandfather is an excellent policeman.His positive attitude towards aging has great effect on his daily life but leads to better health.My grandfather does physical exercise every morning.He is such strong that he is able to lift heavy things by him.Besides，he can read books without wear glasses.Grandfather loves child very much.Every Monday afternoon he is inviting to a nearby school to tell of stories about
the life and work of a policeman.All the young pupils love him very much.
答案
My grandfather is over sixty years old，but he looks than his real age.Before his retirement Grandfather an excellent policeman.His positive attitude towards aging has great effect on his daily life leads to better health.My grandfather does physical exercise every morning.He is strong that he is able to lift heavy things by .Besides，he can read books without glasses.Grandfather loves very much.Every Monday afternoon he is to a nearby school to tell stories about the life and work of a policeman.All the young pupils love him very much.
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
假定你是某国际学校的学生李华，明天是你奶奶的90岁寿辰，你打算请两天假。请你用英语给外籍班主任Mr.Smith写一张请假条。内容主要包括：
1．说明请假原因和时间；
2．保证不影响学习。
注意：1.词数100左右(开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数)；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Oct.23，2018
Dear Mr.Smith，
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Oct.23，2018
Dear__Mr.Smith，
I’m writing to you to ask for two days of leave from school.Tomorrow is my grandma’s 90th birthday and all members of my family will get together in my hometown to celebrate it.Because my hometown is far away from our school，I can’t get back until the night of the day after tomorrow.I have reviewed all the lessons we’ve learned and have previewed what we will learn.Moreover，I promise I will make up for the missed lessons as soon as I return to school.I hope my request will be given due consideration.
Yours__sincerely，
Li__Hua
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