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  • 2021-05-14 发布

英语高考不规则动词过去式和过去分词

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‎ 英语高考不规则动词变化集中识记 2017/1/20‎ 一、A—A—A型,即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。(共9个) cost—cost—cost cut—cut—cut hit—hit—hit hurt—hurt—hurt let—let— let put—put—put read—read—read set—set—set shut—shut—shut 二、A—B—B型,即过去式、过去分词相同。(共41个) 1 过去式和过去分词都含有 -ought。(3个) bring—brought—brought buy— bought—bought think—thought— thought 2 词尾有-ild,-end时,只需把d变为t。(4个) build—built—built lend—lent— lent send—sent—sent spend—spent— spent 3.过去式、过去分词都含有 -aught。(2个) catch—caught—caught teach—taught—taught 4.把-eep变为-ept。(3个) keep—kept—kept sleep—slept—slept sweep— swept—swept 5 把-ell变为-old。(2个) tell—told—told sell—sold—sold 6.过去式、过去分词都含有-elt或-ilt。(4个) smell—smelt—smelt spell—spelt—spelt feel—felt—‎ ‎ felt spill—spilt—spilt 7.过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。(3个) learn—learnt—learnt mean—meant—meant spoil—spoilt—spoilt 8.过去式、过去分词词尾是d。(4个) say—said—said pay—paid—paid lay—laid—laid hear—heard—heard 9.改变元音字母。(11个) meet—met—met get—got—got sit—sat—sat find— found—found hold—held—held spit—spat—spat shine— shone—shone win—won—won hang—hung—hung dig— dug—dug lose—lost—lost 10.改变辅音字母。(1个) make—made—made 11 改变元、辅音字母。(4个) leave—left—left stand—stood—stood have(has)— had—had understand—understood—understood 三、A—B—C型,即原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。(共35个) 1 i—a—u变化。(6个) begin—began—begun drink—drank—drunk sing— sang—sung ring—rang—rung swim—swam—swum sink— sank—sunk 2 词尾为-ow,-aw时,过去式将其变为-ew,过去分词在其原形后加n。(5个) blow—blew—blown draw—drew—drawn grow— grew—grown know—knew—known throw—threw—thrown(show除外) 3 词尾为“i+辅(1个)+e”,过去式将i变为o,过去分词多在原形后加n,若那个辅音字母为d或t,须双写d或t后加n。(4个)(give,hide除外) drive—drove—driven write—wrote—written ride— rode—ridden rise—rose—risen 4‎ ‎ 过去分词在过去式后加(e)n。(5个) break—broke—broken choose—chose—chosen freeze—froze—frozen speak—spoke—spoken wake—woke— woken 5 过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。(1个) forget—forgot—forgotten 6 过去分词由原形加(e)n构成。(6个) be—was(were)—been eat—ate—eaten fall—fell—fallen give—gave—given see—saw—seen hide—hid—hidden(hid) 7 词尾为-ake时,过去式将其变为-ook,过去分词在原形词后加-n。(2个) take—took—taken mistake—mistook—mistaken 8 原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。(6个) do—did—done fly—flew—flown go—went—gone lie—lay—lain show—showed—shown wear—wore—worn 四、A—A—B型,即过去式和原形相同。(1个) beat—beat—beaten 五、A—B—A型,即过去分词和原形相同。(3个) come—came—come become—became—become run— ran—run 六、情态动词型,只有原形和过去式,没有过去分词。(4个) can—could may—might will—would shall—should 文中6个动词的过去式和过去分词,还有一种规则变化形式。 —————————————————————————————————— 不规则动词相对于规则动词来说,难记得多,是最难对付的一 类词。学生难学,老师难教。幸好它们不是杂乱无章的,可根据其中 的一些内部规律来记忆。下面给大家介绍一种归纳记忆法,以期大家 在攻克这一难关时,能收到事半功倍的效果。 一、 原形、过去式、过去分词相同: cost/cut/hit/hurt/let/put/read/shut (细心的你一定会发现,这些词中大多数是以字母t结尾的。) 二、 原形、过去式相同,过去分词不同: beat/beat/beaten ‎ 三、 原形、过去分词相同,过去式不同:      come/came/come    become/became/become      run/ran/run come,become,属不规则变化,但welcome属规则动词,其过去式、过去分词为:welcomed,welcomed 四、 过去式,过去分词相同: (1) 去掉字母组合ee中的一个e meet/met/met       feed/fed/fed (2) 去掉字母组合ee中的一个e,然后再在词尾加t feel/felt/felt        sleep/slept/slept keep/kept/kept      sweep/swept/swept    (3) 词尾为的ll 去掉一个l加t spell/spelt/spelt     smell/smelt/smelt spill/spilt/spilt (4) 过去式和过去分词以aught或 ought结尾 catch/caught/caught        teach/taught/taught bring/brought/brought      buy/bought/bought think/thought/thought    (5) 将stand改为stood stand/stood/stood understand/understood/understood (6) 将ay改为aid lay/laid/laid       pay/paid/paid say/said/said (7) 将d改为t lend/lent/lent      send/sent/sent spend/spent/spent build/built/built (8) 将i改为a , o, u等 sit/sat/sat            spit/spat/spat win/won/won dig/dug/dug (9) 将ell改为old tell/told/told          sell/sold/sold (10) 词尾加t learn/learnt/learnt      mean/meant/meant dream/dreamt/dreamt   spoil/spoilt/spoilt    (11) 有两种过去式和过去分词, 一种是不规则的, 一种是规则的 learn/learnt/learnt      learn/learned/learned shine/shone/shone      shine/shined/shined hang/hung/hung        hang/hanged/hanged smell/smelt/smelt       smell/smelled/smelled (12) 其它 have(has)/had/had    hear/heard/heard shoot/shot/shot         ‎ lose/lost/lost hold/held/held          get/got/got(AmE gotten) find/found/found        make/made/made leave/left/left 五、三者均不同: (1) 过去式以ew结尾、过去分词以own结尾 blow/blew/blown          fly/flew/flown grow/grew/grown          know/knew/known throw/threw/thrown 值得注意的是: show/showed/shown或showed       draw/drew/drawn (2)改i为a变成过去式、改i为u变成过去分词 begin/began/begun        drink/drank/drunk ring/rang/rung            sing/sang/sung swim/swam/swum         sink/sank/sunk (3)改i为o变成过去式,过去分词以n结尾 drive/drove/driven         write/wrote/written rise/rose/risen             ride/rode/ridden (4) 原形后加n变成过去分词      drive/drove/driven         rise/rose/risen      eat/ate/eaten              fall/fell/fallen      give/gave/given (5) 过去式后加n变成过去分词       break/broke/broken      choose/chose/chosen       freeze/froze/frozen      mistake/mistook/mistaken steal/stole/stolen        speak/spoke/spoken        take/took/taken         wake/woke/woken(或woke) (6)其它 be/was或were/been       do/did/done        forget/forgot/forgotten      go/went/gone hide/hid/hidden            see/saw/seen      wear/wore/worn 六、 有两种过去式和过去分词,但词义相同。 wake/woke/woken (或woke) wake/waked/waked sink/sank/sunk                 sink/sunk/sunken 七、动词因其过去式、过去分词有两种形式而产生不同词义: shine、hang的两种过去式和过去分词: shone/shone照耀     shined/shined擦亮 hung/hung悬挂      hanged/hanged绞死 八、两个既可以做过去式,又可以做动词原形的词 lie躺卧lay/lain/lying(现在分词) lay放,下蛋laid/laid/laying find 找到、发现find/found/found        found 创建,成立 found/founded/founded ‎ 九、根据动词之间的词义联系来记忆 (一)词义相对: (1) come/came/come来—— go/went/gone去 (2) give/gave/given给——get/got/got(AmE gotten)获得 (3) sleep/slept/slept睡觉—— wake/woke/woken (或woke) wake/waked/waked 醒来 (4) rise/rose/risen上升、上涨、升起—— fall/fell/fallen下降、落下、倒下 sink/sank/sunk sink/sunk/sunken 沉下, (使)下沉 (5) buy/bought/bought买—— sell/sold/sold出售, 卖 (6) take/took/taken带去——bring/brought/brought 带来 (7) teach/taught/taught教—— learn/learnt/learnt learn/learned/learned 学习、学会 (8) lose/lost/lost丢失、失败—— find/found/found找到 win/won/won赢得、(获)胜 (9) stand/stood/stood站、立——sit/sat/sat坐 (10) send/sent/sent 送、寄、发送—— get/got/got(AmE gotten)获得、收到 (二)、词义相近: (1) beat/beat/beaten .打, 打败   win/won/won赢得、获胜 (2) understand/understood/understood 懂, 了解 know/knew/known 知道, 了解, 认识 (3) get/got/got(AmE gotten)变成、成为、变得    become/became/become 变成, 成为, 变得    go/went/gone变成    turn/turned/turned变成 (4) spend/spent/spent 花费、度过 pay/paid/paid 支付、交纳 cost/cost/cost花费、价值为 take/took/taken花费    (5) say/said/said说、讲 speak/spoke/spoken说、演讲 tell/told/told 告诉、说、吩咐、断定 talk/talked/talked谈话, 讲, 谈论, 议论 ‎①A-B-B 型变化 不定式 过去式 过去分词 基本意义 bend bent bent 使变曲 bring brought brought 带来;引起;产生 buy bought bought 购买;采购 catch caught caught 接住;抓住;赶上;染上 deal dealt dealt 分配;分给 dig dug dug 挖(土);掘地 feel felt felt ‎ 触摸(某物);感觉到 fight fought fought 搏斗;奋斗;斗争; find found found 发现;找到; get got got/gotten 收到;接到;得到;成为 have had had 有;吃;喝;进行;经受 hear heard heard 听见;听说;得知 hold held held 拿住;抓住;抱;举行 keep kept kept 留下;保留;继续 lay laid laid 放置;产(卵) leave left left 离开;把……留下;剩下 learn learnt learned learnt learned 学;学习;获悉;得知 lend lent lent 借出;借给 lose lost lost 失去;丧失;损失 make made made 做;制作;制造;使得 meet met met 遇见;碰见;相遇 babysit babysat babysat 照顾婴儿 pay paid paid 付钱;给……报酬     不定式 过去式 过去分词 基本意义 say said said 说,讲 sell sold sold 卖;销售 shine shone shone 发光;照耀;照射 sit sat sat 坐;就座 sleep slept slept 睡,睡觉;睡着 smell smelt smelt 闻出;嗅;发出气味 spend spent spent 用(钱);花(时间);度过 stand stood stood 站立;直立;位于;经受 teach taught taught 教,教授;传授 tell told told 告诉;讲述;吩咐 think thought thought 想,思考,认为 understand understood understood 懂;理解;领会 win won won 赢;获胜;赢得,获得 build built built 建筑,建造 feed fed fed 喂养 hang hung hung 悬挂,吊 sweep swept swept 打扫 send sent sent 送,派 shoot shot shot 射击 spit spat spat 吐(痰) spoil spoilt spoilt 溺爱,损坏,破坏 flee fled fled 逃离 lead led led ‎ 引导;致便;领导 mislead misled misled 把…引错方向;给…带错路 mean meant meant 意思是…     ② A-B-A型变化 不定式 过去式 过去分词 基本含义 overcome overcame overcome 克服,战胜 become became become 变为,成为 come came come 到来;出现 run ran run 跑,奔跑; ③A-B-C型变化 不定式 过去式 过去分词 基本含义 Be was/were been 有;存在;是;成为 begin began begun 开始 blow blew blown 吹,刮;吹响 break broke broken 打破(断,碎);损坏,撕开 choose chose chosen 选择,挑选,选取 do did done 做,干 drink drank drunk 喝;饮 drive drove driven 驾驶(车):驱赶 eat ate eaten 吃 fall fell fallen 落下;跌落;变为 fly flew flew 飞;飞行; forget forgot forgotten 忘记;遗忘;忽视 freeze froze frozen (使)结冰;冷冻 give gave given 送给;授予;供给; go went gone 去;离去;行驶;通到;到达 grow grew grown 变成;生长;发育;种植 know knew known 知道,懂得;了解;认识 lie lay lain 躺;平卧;(指物)平放 ride rode ridden 骑马、自行车等;搭乘 ring rang rung (铃等)鸣响;打电话 rise rose risen 上升;上涨;起立 see saw seen 看见;察觉;领会 show showed shown/showed 给……看;展出;表明 shake shook shaken 颤抖 sing sang sung 唱,唱歌 speak spoke spoken 说话;会说(某语言);发言 steal stole stolen 偷;窃取 swim swam swum 游水;游泳 take took taken 拿;服用;乘坐;花费 throw threw thrown 投,抛,扔,掷 wake woke woken 醒,醒来,叫醒 wear wore worn ‎ 穿,戴 write wrote written 写,书写;写作,著述 forgive forgave forgiven 原谅 hide hid hidden/hid 躲,藏 dive dove dived 跳水 sink sank sunk/sunken 下沉 ④A-A-A型变化                                     不定式 过去式 过去分词 基本含义 cost cost cost 价值为,花费;使付出 cut cut cut 切;割;剪;砍;削 hurt hurt hurt 使受伤痛;刺痛;伤害 let let let 允许,让 put put put 放,摆;装入 read read read 阅读,朗诵 shut shut shut 关上,封闭;紧闭;合拢 upset upset upset 使人不舒服 bet bet bet 确信,打赌 hit hit hit 击中 set set set 放置  ‎ 一、 A—A—A型,即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。(共9个) cost—cost—cost cut—cut—cut hit—hit—hit hurt—hurt—hurt let—let— let put—put—put read—read—read set—set—set shut—shut—shut 二、A—B—B型,即过去式、过去分词相同。(共41个) 1 过去式和过去分词都含有 -ought。(3个) bring—brought—brought buy— bought—bought think—thought— thought 2 词尾有-ild,-end时,只需把d变为t。(4个) build—built—built lend—lent— lent send—sent—sent spend—spent— spent 3.过去式、过去分词都含有 ‎ -aught。(2个) catch—caught—caught teach—taught—taught 4.把-eep变为-ept。(3个) keep—kept—kept sleep—slept—slept sweep— swept—swept 5 把-ell变为-old。(2个) tell—told—told sell—sold—sold 6.过去式、过去分词都含有-elt或-ilt。(4个) smell—smelt—smelt spell—spelt—spelt feel—felt— felt spill—spilt—spilt 7.过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。(3个) learn—learnt—learnt mean—meant—meant spoil—spoilt—spoilt 8.过去式、过去分词词尾是d。(4个) say—said—said pay—paid—paid lay—laid—laid hear—heard—heard 9.改变元音字母。(11个) meet—met—met get—got—got sit—sat—sat find— found—found hold—held—held spit—spat—spat shine— shone—shone win—won—won hang—hung—hung dig— dug—dug lose—lost—lost 10.改变辅音字母。(1个) make—made—made 11 改变元、辅音字母。(4个) leave—left—left stand—stood—stood have(has)— had—had understand—understood—understood 三、A—B—C型,即原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。(共35个) 1 i—a—u变化。(6个) begin—began—begun drink—drank—drunk sing—‎ ‎ sang—sung ring—rang—rung swim—swam—swum sink— sank—sunk 2 词尾为-ow,-aw时,过去式将其变为-ew,过去分词在其原形后加n。(5个) blow—blew—blown draw—drew—drawn grow— grew—grown know—knew—known throw—threw—thrown(show除外) 3 词尾为“i+辅(1个)+e”,过去式将i变为o,过去分词多在原形后加n,若那个辅音字母为d或t,须双写d或t后加n。(4个)(give,hide除外) drive—drove—driven write—wrote—written ride— rode—ridden rise—rose—risen 4 过去分词在过去式后加(e)n。(5个) break—broke—broken choose—chose—chosen freeze—froze—frozen speak—spoke—spoken wake—woke— woken 5 过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。(1个) forget—forgot—forgotten 6 过去分词由原形加(e)n构成。(6个) be—was(were)—been eat—ate—eaten fall—fell—fallen give—gave—given see—saw—seen hide—hid—hidden(hid) 7 词尾为-ake时,过去式将其变为-ook,过去分词在原形词后加-n。(2个) take—took—taken mistake—mistook—mistaken 8 原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。(6个) do—did—done fly—flew—flown go—went—gone lie—lay—lain show—showed—shown wear—wore—worn 四、A—A—B型,即过去式和原形相同。(1个) beat—beat—beaten 五、A—B—A型,即过去分词和原形相同。(3个) ‎ come—came—come become—became—become run— ran—run 六、情态动词型,只有原形和过去式,没有过去分词。(4个) can—could may—might will—would shall—should 文中6个动词的过去式和过去分词,还有一种规则变化形式。 —————————————————————————————————— 不规则动词相对于规则动词来说,难记得多,是最难对付的一 类词。学生难学,老师难教。幸好它们不是杂乱无章的,可根据其中 的一些内部规律来记忆。下面给大家介绍一种归纳记忆法,以期大家 在攻克这一难关时,能收到事半功倍的效果。 一、 原形、过去式、过去分词相同: cost/cut/hit/hurt/let/put/read/shut (细心的你一定会发现,这些词中大多数是以字母t结尾的。) 二、 原形、过去式相同,过去分词不同: beat/beat/beaten 三、 原形、过去分词相同,过去式不同:      come/came/come    become/became/become      run/ran/run come,become,属不规则变化,但welcome属规则动词,其过去式、过去分词为:welcomed,welcomed 四、 过去式,过去分词相同: (1) 去掉字母组合ee中的一个e meet/met/met       feed/fed/fed (2) 去掉字母组合ee中的一个e,然后再在词尾加t feel/felt/felt        sleep/slept/slept keep/kept/kept      sweep/swept/swept    (3) 词尾为的ll 去掉一个l加t spell/spelt/spelt     smell/smelt/smelt spill/spilt/spilt (4) 过去式和过去分词以aught或 ought结尾 catch/caught/caught        teach/taught/taught bring/brought/brought      buy/bought/bought think/thought/thought    (5) 将stand改为stood stand/stood/stood understand/understood/understood (6) 将ay改为aid lay/laid/laid       pay/paid/paid say/said/said (7) 将d改为t lend/lent/lent      ‎ send/sent/sent spend/spent/spent build/built/built (8) 将i改为a , o, u等 sit/sat/sat            spit/spat/spat win/won/won dig/dug/dug (9) 将ell改为old tell/told/told          sell/sold/sold (10) 词尾加t learn/learnt/learnt      mean/meant/meant dream/dreamt/dreamt   spoil/spoilt/spoilt    (11) 有两种过去式和过去分词, 一种是不规则的, 一种是规则的 learn/learnt/learnt      learn/learned/learned shine/shone/shone      shine/shined/shined hang/hung/hung        hang/hanged/hanged smell/smelt/smelt       smell/smelled/smelled (12) 其它 have(has)/had/had    hear/heard/heard shoot/shot/shot         lose/lost/lost hold/held/held          get/got/got(AmE gotten) find/found/found        make/made/made leave/left/left 五、三者均不同: (1) 过去式以ew结尾、过去分词以own结尾 blow/blew/blown          fly/flew/flown grow/grew/grown          know/knew/known throw/threw/thrown 值得注意的是: show/showed/shown或showed       draw/drew/drawn (2)改i为a变成过去式、改i为u变成过去分词 begin/began/begun        drink/drank/drunk ring/rang/rung            sing/sang/sung swim/swam/swum         sink/sank/sunk (3)改i为o变成过去式,过去分词以n结尾 drive/drove/driven         write/wrote/written rise/rose/risen             ride/rode/ridden (4) 原形后加n变成过去分词      drive/drove/driven         rise/rose/risen      eat/ate/eaten              fall/fell/fallen      give/gave/given (5) 过去式后加n变成过去分词       break/broke/broken      choose/chose/chosen       freeze/froze/frozen      mistake/mistook/mistaken steal/stole/stolen        speak/spoke/spoken        take/took/taken         ‎ wake/woke/woken(或woke) (6)其它 be/was或were/been       do/did/done        forget/forgot/forgotten      go/went/gone hide/hid/hidden            see/saw/seen      wear/wore/worn 六、 有两种过去式和过去分词,但词义相同。 wake/woke/woken (或woke) wake/waked/waked sink/sank/sunk                 sink/sunk/sunken 七、动词因其过去式、过去分词有两种形式而产生不同词义: shine、hang的两种过去式和过去分词: shone/shone照耀     shined/shined擦亮 hung/hung悬挂      hanged/hanged绞死 八、两个既可以做过去式,又可以做动词原形的词 lie躺卧lay/lain/lying(现在分词) lay放,下蛋laid/laid/laying find 找到、发现find/found/found        found 创建,成立 found/founded/founded 九、根据动词之间的词义联系来记忆 (一)词义相对: (1) come/came/come来—— go/went/gone去 (2) give/gave/given给——get/got/got(AmE gotten)获得 (3) sleep/slept/slept睡觉—— wake/woke/woken (或woke) wake/waked/waked 醒来 (4) rise/rose/risen上升、上涨、升起—— fall/fell/fallen下降、落下、倒下 sink/sank/sunk sink/sunk/sunken 沉下, (使)下沉 (5) buy/bought/bought买—— sell/sold/sold出售, 卖 (6) take/took/taken带去——bring/brought/brought 带来 (7) teach/taught/taught教—— learn/learnt/learnt learn/learned/learned 学习、学会 (8) lose/lost/lost丢失、失败—— find/found/found找到 win/won/won赢得、(获)胜 (9) stand/stood/stood站、立——sit/sat/sat坐 (10) send/sent/sent 送、寄、发送—— get/got/got(AmE gotten)获得、收到 (二)、词义相近: (1) beat/beat/beaten .打, 打败   win/won/won赢得、获胜 (2) understand/understood/understood 懂, 了解 know/knew/known 知道, 了解, 认识 (3) get/got/got(AmE gotten)变成、成为、变得    become/became/become 变成, 成为, 变得    go/went/gone变成   ‎ ‎ turn/turned/turned变成 (4) spend/spent/spent 花费、度过 pay/paid/paid 支付、交纳 cost/cost/cost花费、价值为 take/took/taken花费    (5) say/said/said说、讲 speak/spoke/spoken说、演讲 tell/told/told 告诉、说、吩咐、断定 talk/talked/talked谈话, 讲, 谈论, 议论 ①A-B-B 型变化 不定式 过去式 过去分词 基本意义 bend bent bent 使变曲 bring brought brought 带来;引起;产生 buy bought bought 购买;采购 catch caught caught 接住;抓住;赶上;染上 deal dealt dealt 分配;分给 dig dug dug 挖(土);掘地 feel felt felt 触摸(某物);感觉到 fight fought fought 搏斗;奋斗;斗争; find found found 发现;找到; get got got/gotten 收到;接到;得到;成为 have had had 有;吃;喝;进行;经受 hear heard heard 听见;听说;得知 hold held held 拿住;抓住;抱;举行 keep kept kept 留下;保留;继续 lay laid laid 放置;产(卵) leave left left 离开;把……留下;剩下 learn learnt learned learnt learned 学;学习;获悉;得知 lend lent lent 借出;借给 lose lost lost 失去;丧失;损失 make made made 做;制作;制造;使得 meet met met 遇见;碰见;相遇 babysit babysat babysat 照顾婴儿 pay paid paid 付钱;给……报酬     不定式 过去式 过去分词 基本意义 say said said 说,讲 sell sold sold 卖;销售 shine shone shone 发光;照耀;照射 sit sat sat 坐;就座 sleep slept slept ‎ 睡,睡觉;睡着 smell smelt smelt 闻出;嗅;发出气味 spend spent spent 用(钱);花(时间);度过 stand stood stood 站立;直立;位于;经受 teach taught taught 教,教授;传授 tell told told 告诉;讲述;吩咐 think thought thought 想,思考,认为 understand understood understood 懂;理解;领会 win won won 赢;获胜;赢得,获得 build built built 建筑,建造 feed fed fed 喂养 hang hung hung 悬挂,吊 sweep swept swept 打扫 send sent sent 送,派 shoot shot shot 射击 spit spat spat 吐(痰) spoil spoilt spoilt 溺爱,损坏,破坏 flee fled fled 逃离 lead led led 引导;致便;领导 mislead misled misled 把…引错方向;给…带错路 mean meant meant 意思是…     ② A-B-A型变化 不定式 过去式 过去分词 基本含义 overcome overcame overcome 克服,战胜 become became become 变为,成为 come came come 到来;出现 run ran run 跑,奔跑; ③A-B-C型变化 不定式 过去式 过去分词 基本含义 Be was/were been 有;存在;是;成为 begin began begun 开始 blow blew blown 吹,刮;吹响 break broke broken 打破(断,碎);损坏,撕开 choose chose chosen 选择,挑选,选取 do did done 做,干 drink drank drunk 喝;饮 drive drove driven 驾驶(车):驱赶 eat ate eaten 吃 fall fell fallen 落下;跌落;变为 fly flew flew 飞;飞行; forget forgot forgotten 忘记;遗忘;忽视 freeze froze frozen (使)结冰;冷冻 give gave given 送给;授予;供给; go ‎ went gone 去;离去;行驶;通到;到达 grow grew grown 变成;生长;发育;种植 know knew known 知道,懂得;了解;认识 lie lay lain 躺;平卧;(指物)平放 ride rode ridden 骑马、自行车等;搭乘 ring rang rung (铃等)鸣响;打电话 rise rose risen 上升;上涨;起立 see saw seen 看见;察觉;领会 show showed shown/showed 给……看;展出;表明 shake shook shaken 颤抖 sing sang sung 唱,唱歌 speak spoke spoken 说话;会说(某语言);发言 steal stole stolen 偷;窃取 swim swam swum 游水;游泳 take took taken 拿;服用;乘坐;花费 throw threw thrown 投,抛,扔,掷 wake woke woken 醒,醒来,叫醒 wear wore worn 穿,戴 write wrote written 写,书写;写作,著述 forgive forgave forgiven 原谅 hide hid hidden/hid 躲,藏 dive dove dived 跳水 sink sank sunk/sunken 下沉 ④A-A-A变化                                不定式 过去式 过去分词 基本含义 cost cost cost 价值为,花费;使付出 cut cut cut 切;割;剪;砍;削 hurt hurt hurt 使受伤痛;刺痛;伤害 let let let 允许,让 put put put 放,摆;装入 read read read 阅读,朗诵 shut shut shut 关上,封闭;紧闭;合拢 upset upset upset 使人不舒服 bet bet bet 确信,打赌 hit hit hit 击中 set set set 放置