2019高考英语二轮阅读理解精选专练系列(08)及解析 7页

‎2019高考英语二轮阅读理解精选专练系列（08）及解析 A Five years ago, David Smith wore an expensive suit to work every day. “I was a clothes addict,” he jokes. “I used to carry a fresh suit to work with me so I could change if my clothes got wrinkled.” Today David wears casual clothes, pants and sports shirt to the office. He hardly ever wears a necktie. “I’m working harder than ever,” David says, “and I need to feel comfortable.” [来 More and more companies are allowing their office workers to wear casual clothes to work in the United States. The change from formal to casual office wear has been gradual. In the early 1990s, many companies allowed their employees to wear casual clothes on Friday (but only on Friday). This became known as “dress-down Friday” of “casual Friday”. “What started out as an extra one-day-a-week benefit for employees has really become an everyday thing.” said business consultant Maisly Jones.‎ Why have so many companies started allowing their employees to wear casual clothes? One reason is that it’s easier for a company to attract new employees if it has a casual dress code. “A lot of young people don’t want to dress up for work,” says the owner of a software company, “so it’s hard to hire people if you have a conservative dress code.” Another reason is that people seem happier and more productive when they are wearing comfortable clothes. In a study conducted by Levi Strauss and Company, 85 percent of employers said that they believe that casual dress improves employee morale. Only 4 percent of employers said that casual dress has a negative impact on productivity. Supporters of casual office wear also argue that a casual dress code helps them save money. “Suits are expensive, if you have to wear one every day,” one person said. “For the same amount of money, you can buy a lot more casual clothes.” ‎ ‎56. David Smith refers to himself as having been “a clothes addict,” because _______.‎ A. he often wore pants and a sports shirt B. he couldn’t stand a clean appearance C. he wanted his clothes to look neat all the time D. he didn't want to spend much money on clothes ‎57. David Smith wears casual clothes now, because _______.‎ A. they make him feel at ease when working ‎ B. he cannot afford to buy expensive clothes ‎ C. he looks handsome in casual clothes ‎ D. he no longer works for any company ‎58. According to this passage, which of the following statements is true?‎ A. Company workers started to dress down about twenty years ago.‎ ‎ B. Dress-down has become an everyday phenomenon since the early 1990s.‎ ‎ C. “Dress-down Friday” was first given as a favor from employers.‎ ‎ D. Many workers want to wear casual clothes to impress people.‎ ‎ B ‎ Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a credit which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses, each lasting for one semester. A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester. Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year. It is possible to spread the period of work for the degree over a longer period. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice.‎ For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to future employers. All this imposes a constant pressure and stress of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. Elections to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm. The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities. Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating has to appear before a student court. With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. A student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected and will be of benefit to him later in his career.‎ ‎59．Normally a student would at least attend ________ classes each week.‎ A．36　　 B．‎12　‎‎　 ‎ C．20　　 D．15‎ ‎60．According to the first paragraph an American student is allowed to ________.‎ ‎ A. live in a different university ‎ B. take a particular course in a different university ‎ C. live at home and drive to school ‎ D. get two degrees from two different universities ‎61．American university students are usually under pressure of work because ________.‎ ‎ A. their academic performance will affect their future careers ‎ B. they are heavily involved in student affairs ‎ C. they have to obey university discipline ‎ D. they want to run for positions of authority ‎62．Some students are enthusiastic for position in student organizations probably because _____.‎ ‎ A. they hate the constant pressure and strain of their study ‎ B. they will then be able to stay longer in the university ‎ C. such positions help them get better jobs ‎ D. such positions are usually well paid ‎63．The student organizations seem to be effective in ________.‎ ‎ A. dealing with the academic affairs of the university ‎ B. ensuring that the students obey university regulations ‎ C. evaluating students’ performance by bringing them before a court D. keeping up the students’ enthusiasm for social activities.‎ C Mini Book Excerpts（节选）‎ Biography When Salinger learned that a car park was to be built on the land, the middle-aged writer was shocked and quickly bought the neighboring area to protect it… The townspeople never forgot the rescue and came to help their most famous neighbor. ‎ J. D. Salinger: A Life by Kenneth Slawenski (Random House,$27)‎ Mystery（疑案小说）‎ ‎"You're a smart boy. Benny's death was no accident, and you're the only one who saw it happen. Do you think the murderer should get away with it?" The boy was staring stubbornly at his lap again. ‎ A thought suddenly occurred to Annika, "Did you …You recognized the man in the car, didn't you?"‎ The boy hesitated, twisting his fingers, "Maybe," he said quietly. ‎ Red Wolf by Liza Marklund(Atria Books, $25. 99)‎ Short Stories ‎ She wants to say to him what she has learned, none of it in class. Some women are born stupid, and some women are too smart for their own good. Some women are born to give, and some women only know how to take. Some women learn who they want to be from their mothers, some who they don't want to be. Some mothers suffer so their daughters won't. Some mothers love so their daughters won’t. ‎ You Are Free by Danzy Senna （Riverhead Books,$15）‎ Humor Do your kids like to have fun? Come to Fun Times! Do you like to watch your kids having fun? Bring them to Fun Times! Fun Times’s “amusement cycling” is the most fun you can have in the United States right now. Why spend thousands of dollars flying to Disney World when you can spend less than half to that within a day's drive in most cities?‎ ‎ Happy And Other Bad Thoughts by Larry Doyle（Ecco,$14. 99）‎ ‎64. If the readers want to know about the life of Salinger, they should buy the book published by _______.‎ ‎ A. Ecco B. Atria Books C. Riverhead Books D. Random House ‎65. The book Happy And Other Bad Thoughts is intended for . ‎ ‎ A. young children B. Disney World workers ‎ ‎ C. middle school teachers D. parents with young children ‎66. Which book describes women with characters of their own?‎ ‎ A. Happy And Other Bad Thoughts B. J. D. Salinger: A Life[2‎ C. You Are Free D. Red Wolf ‎ ‎67. After finishing the book Red Wolf, the readers would learn that . ‎ ‎ A. the boy helped arrest the murderer B. Benny died of an accident ‎ C. the murderer got away with the crime D. Annika carried out the crime ‎ D Are you an optimist? Do you look at your glass and see it as half full? Do you believe that every cloud has a silver lining and that generally things turn out for the best? Do you believe that if something is meant to be, it will be? If you reply “yes” to all of these questions, then you are an optimist. You probably are enthusiastic, cheerful and outgoing. You may well be successful at work and in love.‎ But you may be misguided because things don’t turn out for the best. You may believe that when one door closes another one opens (for example，you may fail to obtain a new job，another chance will come around soon), Wrong. When one door closes, another door slams in your face. That's bitter reality.‎ Now a book has been published which confirms what we pessimists (悲观者）have suspected all along. It's called The Positive Power of Defensive Pessimism. Its author argues that defensive pessimism can lead to positive results. Defensive pessimism is a strategy used to manage fear, anxiety and worry. Defensive pessimists prepare for things by setting low outcomes for themselves. They carefully consider everything that may go wrong and plan for ways to handle these problems. And this gives them a sense of control. Lawrence Sanno, a psychology professor, says, “What’s interesting about defensive pessimists is that they tend to be very successful people, so their low opinion of the situation’s outcomes is not realistic. They use it to motivate themselves to perform better. ”‎ So far, so good. This is not rocket science. Defensive pessimists prepare carefully and consider what might go wrong, whether at work, on a date or even in a sports game. It makes sense to have a back-up plan. There are many sayings in English urging caution. For example, “Don’t put all your eggs in one basket,” and “ Don’t count your chickens until they hatch. “ To have a confident and optimistic approach to life’s problems is good. But listen to what Woody Alien，the American comedian says, ”Confidence is what you have before you understand the problem.”‎ There are pros and cons to being an optimist and a pessimist. Don’t feel bad if you see the glass half empty. You are a realist. But lighten up and hook up with someone who sees the same glass half full.‎ ‎68. What is the passage mainly about?‎ A. A book that has recently been published. ‎ B. The dangers of being too optimistic.‎ C. The benefits of defensive pessimism. ‎ D. How to become successful in life.‎ ‎69. The underlined sentence “This is not rocket science” in paragraph 4 means _________.‎ A. the cost is not so high B. there is no real proof C. it’s not a dangerous thing to do D. it is quite simple to understand ‎70. The writer would probably describe himself as_____.‎ A. an optimist B. a realist C. a defeatist D. a scientist ‎71. Which of the following English expressions would a defensive pessimist believe? ‎ A. “Every cloud has a silver lining.” ‎ B. “The glass is half full not half empty.”‎ C. “Whatever will be, will be.” ‎ D. “Don’t put all your eggs in one basket.”‎ E In 1986，when Carlo Petrini first coined the term “Slow Food，” he organized locally in his native Italy to preserve the food and wine culture and protest fast food.‎ Today, slow food has spread to 132 countries with over 85, 000 members, addressing worldwide issues like farmer equity and environmental stewardship—the actions people take to respect the rights of all living things and all environments, to contribute to healthy and livable communities.‎ Characterized by Slow Food International as “good, clean, and fair food，” slow food must enrich the eaters' life，have no negative impact on human or environmental health，and compensate fairly for food producers' work.‎ The average American meal travels about 1,500 miles to its final destination, with producing of food traveling by plane from overseas and other items shipped across the country.‎ However，cost for food travel and heavy processing are not the only problems in the food industry that the environment faces. Industrial agriculture also has unsustainable practices like inefficient water use and decreased biodiversity. Our ideas in feeding ourselves are exceptional, but at various points our technologies come into conflict with nature's ways of doing things. A great many of the health and environmental problems created by our food system owe to our attempts to oversimplify natures complexities, at both the growing and the eating ends of our food chain.‎ ‎“Slowing” food, by purchasing locally and sustainably, allows consumers to reduce the impact of “food miles” and develop a closer relationship with their food producers.“ We need to change our food system，” said David Prior, organizer of Slow Food Nation EatIn. “Our current food system is sick and we need to support farmers and agriculture to ensure that everyone has the right to nutritious food.”‎ ‎72. The main idea of the passage can be summarized as________.‎ A. why slow food is so important ‎ B. the food and wine culture is rich in ‎Italy C. what you're eating always travels a long way ‎ D. slow food makes the current food system sick ‎73. According to the second paragraph, “environmental stewardship” refers to________.‎ A. measures of environmental protections B. ways to establish healthy and livable communities C. people's admiration for all the creatures on the earth D. actions to protect the rights of all living things and environment ‎74. Slow food's characteristic doesn't lie in________.‎ A. improving the quality of eaters' life B. providing a fair pay for food workers C. being friendly to human and environmental health ‎ D. developing a loose relationship with food producers ‎75. What is David Prior's attitude towards current food system? ‎ A. Suspicious. B. Unsatisfied. C. Indifferent. D. Supportive.‎ 参考答案 ‎56-58 CAC 59-63 BBACB 64-67 DDCA ‎ ‎68-71 CDBD 72-75 ADDB ‎*********************************************************结束 一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一