高考时态考点 21页

‎2015高考英语考点之时态（含练习） ‎　1. 一般现在时 ‎　　①表示客观事实或普通真理(不受时态限制)‎ ‎　　The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.‎ Water boils at 100oC.‎ ‎②表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词;表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。‎ ‎　　Ice feels cold.‎ ‎　　We always care for each other and help each other.‎ ‎　　③表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong seem等。如：‎ ‎　　I know what you mean.‎ ‎　　Smith owns a car and a house.‎ ‎　　All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School.‎ ‎　　④在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示时态。‎ ‎　　If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.如果你愿意接受并参加我们的舞会，我的家人会非常高兴。‎ ‎　　⑤少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排，肯定会出现的状态，只用一般现在时。‎ ‎　　The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day.‎ ‎　　Tomorrow is Wednesday.‎ ‎　　2. 一般过去时 ‎　　①一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示);用于表达过去的习惯;表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事通常用过去式。如：‎ ‎　　I met her in the street yesterday.‎ ‎　　I once saw the famous star here.‎ ‎　　They never drank wine.‎ ‎　　I thought the film would be interesting,but it isn’t.‎ ‎　　②如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词连用过去式。如：‎ ‎　　He told me he read an interesting novel last night.‎ ‎　　③表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，用一般过去时。如：but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute。‎ ‎　　The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her.‎ ‎　　He bought a watch but lost it.‎ ‎　　④常用一般过去时的句型：‎ ‎　　Why didn’t you / I think of that?‎ ‎　　I didn’t notice it.‎ ‎　　I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before.‎ ‎　　I didn’t recognize him.‎ ‎　　3. 一般将来时 ‎　　①表示未来的动作或状态常用will / shall + 动词(常与表示将来的时间状语边用如tomorrow、next week等)。‎ ‎　　②表示一种趋向或习惯动作。‎ ‎　　We’ll die without air or water.‎ ‎　　③表示趋向行为的动词如come、go、start、begin、leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。‎ ‎　　④be going to与will / shall, be to do, be about to do用法及区别：‎ ‎　　be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备;shall / will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。‎ ‎　　be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中;而will则能，表意愿。如：‎ ‎　　If it is fine, we’ll go fishing.(正确)‎ ‎　　If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.(错误)‎ ‎　　be to do sth.表按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等。‎ ‎　　A meeting is to be held at 3:00 o’clock this afternoon.‎ ‎　　be about to do sth.表示“即可，就要”，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。‎ ‎　　Autumn harvest is about to start.‎ ‎　　4. 现在进行时 ‎　　①表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作;表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时;表近期特定的安排或计划;go、come等起止动作可用进行时代替将来时。如：‎ ‎　　It is raining now.‎ ‎　　He is teaching English and learning Chinese.‎ ‎　　I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight.‎ ‎　　We are leaving on Friday.‎ ‎　　At six I am bathing the baby.(I start bathing the bady before six.)‎ ‎　　The girl is always talking loud in public.(与always、often等频度副词连用，表经常反复的行动或某种感情色彩)‎ ‎　　②下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。(A)表示心理状态、情感的动作：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need。(B)表存在的状态的动词：appear, exist, lie, remain, seem belong to, depend on。(C)表示一时性动作的动词：allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete。(D)表示感官的动词：see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look。‎ ‎　　5. 过去完成时 ‎　　①常用过去完成时的几种情况：(A)在by、by the end、by the time、until、before、since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作。如：By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars. The train had left before we reached the station. (B)表示曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用had hoped / planned / meant / intended/‎ ‎　　though / wanted / expected等或用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示即：hoped / planned … + to have done。(C)“时间名词 + before”在句子中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时;“时间名词 + ago”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去式。如：He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before. Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.(D)表示“一……就”的几个句型：Hardly / No sooner / Scarcely had + 主语 + 过去分词 + when / than / before + 一般过去时。如：We had no sooner been seated than the bus started. = No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.‎ ‎　　②在before或after引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时态代替过去完成时。‎ ‎　　After he (had)left the room, the boss came in.‎ ‎　　We arrived home before it snowed.‎ ‎6. 过去将来时 ‎　　参照一般将来时对比：用would do、was / were going to do sth.表过去将来;come、go、leave等过去进行时表过去将来时;was / were to do sth.和was / were about to do sth.表过去将来。‎ ‎　　7. 过去进行时 ‎　　①过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁发生。‎ ‎　　②某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，其中一个在由when或while引导的时间状语从句中。‎ ‎　　8. 现在完成时 ‎　　①现在完成时除可以和for、since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during / in /over the last(past)few years (months, weeks)、in recent years等。‎ ‎　　②下列句型中常用现在完成时 ‎　　It is (has been) + 一段时间 + since从句 ‎　　This(That / It)is the first(second…)time that + 完成时 ‎　　This(That / It)is the only … + that + 完成时 ‎　　This(that / It)is the best / finest / most interesting … + that 从句 + 完成时 ‎　　③在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。如：‎ ‎　　I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.‎ ‎　　If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better.‎ ‎　　Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.‎ ‎　　9. 时态区别 ‎　　①一般过去时与现在完成时：时间上有差异：凡有过去时间的均用过去时态，不能用完成时态，如含有ago、last year、just now、the other day等。‎ ‎　　结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续;一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去”，和现在毫无关系。‎ ‎　　②过去完成时与一般过去时：过去完成时强调的是“过去的过去”;如出现同一主语连续几个动作(“连谓”)形式则只用一般过去时即可。‎ ‎　　2、被动语态考查要点简述 ‎　　被动语态的构成方式：be + 过去分词，口语只也有用get / become + 过去分词表示。被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态。强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态(by短语有时可以省略)。‎ ‎　　(1)使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。‎ ‎　　①主动变化被动时双宾语的变化。看下列例句。‎ ‎　　My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.‎ ‎　　An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday.‎ ‎　　I was given an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday.‎ ‎　　②主动变被动时，宾补成主补(位置不变);(作补语的)不定式前需加to。‎ ‎　　The boss made him work all day long.‎ ‎　　He was made to work all day long(by the boss)‎ ‎　　③短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。‎ ‎　　The children were taken good care of (by her).‎ ‎　　Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.‎ ‎　　④情态动词和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等结构变被动语态，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be +过去分词。‎ ‎　　⑤当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等时，被动语态有两种形式：(A)谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。(B)用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示。如：‎ ‎　　People say he is a smart boy.‎ ‎　　It is said that he is a smart boy.‎ ‎　　He is said to be a smart boy.‎ ‎　　People know paper was made in China first.‎ ‎　　It is known that paper was made in China first.‎ ‎　　Paper was known to be made in China first.‎ ‎　　类似句型有：It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that …‎ ‎　　(2)不能用被动语态的几种情况。‎ ‎　　①所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。‎ ‎　　②表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to等。‎ ‎　　③表示归属的动词，如have、own、belong to等。‎ ‎　　④表示“希望、意图”的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。‎ ‎　　⑤宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。‎ ‎　　⑥宾语是同源宾语，不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。‎ ‎　　⑦有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义，特别是当主语是物时，常见的动词有sell、write、wash、open、lock等。‎ ‎　　(3)主动形式表被动意义。‎ ‎　　①当feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时;当cut、read、sell、wear、write等词带状语修饰语时;当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。‎ ‎　　This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布易洗。‎ ‎　　These novels won’t sell well.这些小说不畅销。‎ ‎　　My pen writes smoothly.我的钢笔写起来很流畅。‎ ‎　　The door won’t lock.门锁不上。‎ ‎　　The fish smells good.鱼闻起来香。‎ ‎　　②当break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。‎ ‎　　The plan worked out successfully.‎ ‎　　The lamps on the wall turn off.‎ ‎　　③want, require, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。‎ ‎　　④be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。‎ ‎　　⑤在“be + 形容词 + to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。‎ ‎　　This kind of water isn’t fit to drink.‎ ‎　　The girl isn’t easy to get along with.‎ ‎　　另外：be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent(出租)也用主动形式表被动。‎ ‎　　(4)被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。‎ ‎　　①be seated坐着 ‎　　He is seated on a bench.(He seats himself on a bench.)坐在凳子上。‎ ‎　　②be hidden躲藏 ‎　　He was hidden behind the door.(He hid himself behind the door.)他藏在门后。‎ ‎　　③be lost迷路 ‎　　④be drunk喝醉 ‎　　⑤be dressed穿着 ‎　　The girl was dressed in a red short skirt.‎ ‎　　(5)被动语态与系表结构的区别 ‎　　被动语态强调动作;系表结构表主语的特点或状态。如：‎ ‎　　The book was sold by a certain bookstore.(被动语态)‎ ‎　　The book is well sold.(系表结构)‎ ‎　　二、精典名题导解 ‎　　选择填空 ‎　　1. Visitors ________not to touch the exhibits.(NMET 2001)‎ ‎　　A.will request B.are requested ‎　　C.are requesting D.request ‎　　解析：答案为B。此题的时态是不难判断的，因为说的是一条规定，所以用一般现在时，而visitor与request之间是动宾关系，即request visitors not to touch the exhibits,究竟是谁要求他们这样做呢?不清楚，也不必知道，因此需要用被动语态。分析visitors与request之间的关系是此题的解题关键。‎ ‎　　2. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology __________ so rapidly.(NMET 2001)‎ ‎　　A.is changing B.has changed ‎　　C.will have changed D.will change ‎　　解析：答案为A。此题考查现在进行时态的用法。句意为“选择一部移动电话不是一件容易的事，因为科技发展得十分迅速。”本句的主句一般现在时表达的是目前的情况，而“科技发展迅速”也是现阶段正存在的一种状态，不是在过去，也不是在将来，因此只能用现在进行时表达。‎ ‎　　3. All the preparations for the task ___________, and we’re ready to start.(2000年春季高考)‎ ‎　　A.completed B.complete ‎　　C.had been completed D.have been completed ‎　　解析：答案为D。现在完成时表示过去年做的事对现在的影响。从and we’re ready to start句意可知，一切准备工作已经就绪，可以开始工作了。complete是及物动词，与句子的主语是被动关系，所以需要用被动语态表达。注意①分清complete与主语之间的关系;②结合语境选择正确时态。‎ ‎10. 动词的时态与语态习题 ‎　　1.—We could have walked to the station.It was so near.‎ ‎　　—Yes.A taxi at all necessary.‎ ‎　　A.wasn’t B.hadn’t been C.wouldn’t be D.won’t be ‎　　2.When I got to the cinema，the film for the minutes.‎ ‎　　A.has begun B.had begun C.had been on D.was on ‎　　3.If city noises from increasing，people shout to be heard even at the dinner table.‎ ‎　　A.are not kept;will have to B.are not kept;have to ‎　　C.do not keep;will have to D.do not keep;have to ‎　　4.In some parts of the world，tea with milk and sugar.‎ ‎　　A.is serving B.is severed C.serves D.served ‎　　5.—Do you like the material?‎ ‎　　—Yes，it vety soft.‎ ‎　　A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt ‎　　6.I don’t really work here.I until the new secretary arrives.‎ ‎　　A.just help out B.have just helped out C.am just helping out D.will just help out ‎　　7.—You haven’t been to Beijing，have you?‎ ‎　　— .How I wish to go there!‎ ‎　　A.Yes.I have B.Yes，I haven’t C.No.I have D.No，I haven’t ‎　　8.It is reported that by the end of this year，another school will .‎ ‎　　A.be built B.have built C.have been built D.have be built ‎　　9.—Hey，look where you are going!‎ ‎　　— ——0h，I’m terribly sorry. .‎ ‎　　A.I’m not noticing B.1 wasn’t noticing C.I haven’t noticed D.I don’t notice ‎　　10.—How are you today?‎ ‎　　— ——Oh，I as ill as I do now for a long time.‎ ‎　　A.didn’t feel B.wasn’t feeling C.don’t fee D.haven’t felt ‎　　l1.Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while，but soon to his old ways.‎ ‎　　A.returned B.returns C.was returning D.had returned ‎　　12.All the preparations for the task ，and we’re ready to start.‎ ‎　　A.completed B.complete C.had been completed D.have been completed ‎　　13.He to the lab than he set out to do the experiment.‎ ‎　　A.has no sooner got B.was supposed to ‎　　C.will no sooner get D.have no sooner got ‎　　14.The train arrive at 11：30 but it was an hour late.‎ ‎　　A.would suppose B.was supposed to C.is supposed to D.supposed to ‎　　15.He stepped into the office， down and began to fill in the forms.‎ ‎　　A.sitting B.to sit C.sat D.having sat ‎　　16.The little girl her heart out because she her toy bear and believed she wasn’t ever going to find it.‎ ‎　　A.had cried;1ost B.cried;had lose ‎　　C.has cried;has lost D.cries;has 1ost ‎　　17.Both my brothers work at the power station that at my home town.‎ ‎　　A.has set up B.has been set up C.was set up D.is set up ‎　　18.Linda has 1ost her passport again.It’s the second time this .‎ ‎　　A.has happened B.has been happened C.happened D.happens ‎　　19.—Sorry，I forgot to post the letter for you.‎ ‎　　—Never mind， it myself tonight.‎ ‎　　A.I’m going to post B.I’d better to post ‎　　C.I’ll post D.I’d rather post ‎　　20.He his leg when he in a football match against another schoo1.‎ ‎　　A.broke;played B.was breaking;was playing ‎　　C.broke;was playing D.was breaking;played ‎　　21.—Where the recorder? I Can’t see it anywhere.‎ ‎　　—I it right here.But now it’s gone.‎ ‎　　A.did you put;have put B.have you put put ‎　　C.had you put;was putting D.were you putting;have put ‎　　22.Hello! I you in London.How long have you been here?‎ ‎　　A.don’t know;were B.hadn’t known;are ‎　　C.have known;are D.didn’t know;were ‎　　23.—Come on，Peter.I want to show you something.‎ ‎　　—Oh，how nice of you! I you to bring me a gift.‎ ‎　　A.never think;are going B.never thought;were going ‎　　C.didn’t think;were going D.hadn’t thought;were going ‎　　24.All the teachers in this schoo1 are .‎ ‎　　A.clean dressing B.cleanly dressing C.clean dressed D.cleanly dressed ‎　　25.When I was at college I three foreign languages，but I all except a few words of each.‎ ‎　　A.spoke;had forgotten B.spoke;have forgotten ‎　　C.had spoken;had forgotten D.had spoken;have forgotten ‎　　26.—Have you moved into the new house?‎ ‎　　—Not yet.The rooms .‎ ‎　　A.are being painted B.are painting C.are painted D.are being painting ‎　　27.—Excuse me，sir.Would you do me a favor? of course.What is it?‎ ‎　　—I if you could tell me how to fill out this form.‎ ‎　　A.had wondered B.was wondering C.would wonder D.did wonder ‎　　28.—We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.‎ ‎　　— What do you suppose to her?‎ ‎　　A.was happening B.to happen C.has happened D.having happened ‎　　29.I wonder why Jenny us recently.We should have heard from her by now.‎ ‎　　A.hasn’t written B.doesn’t write C.won’t write D.hadn’t written ‎　　30.Mary a dress when she cut her finger.‎ ‎　　A.make B.is making C.was making D.makes ‎　　31.—Do you know our town at all?‎ ‎　　—No，this is the first time I here.‎ ‎　　A.was B.have been C.came D.am coming ‎　　32.The last time I Jane she cotton in the fields.‎ ‎　　A.had seen;was picking B.saw;picked ‎　　C.had seen;picked D.saw;was picking ‎　　33.Tom into the house when no one .‎ ‎　　A.slipped;was looking B.had slipped;looked ‎　　C.slipped;had looked D.was slipped;looked ‎　　34.We were all surprised when he made it clear that he office soon.‎ ‎　　A.1eaves B.would leave C.1eft D.had left ‎　　35 The pen I I is on my desk，right under my nose.‎ ‎　　A.think;lost B.thought;had lost ‎　　C.think;had lost D.thought;have 1ost ‎　　36.—Can I join the club，Dad?‎ ‎　　—You can when you a bit older.‎ ‎　　A.get B.will get C.are getting D.will have got ‎　　37.—I’m sorry to keep you waiting.‎ ‎　　—0h，not at a11.I here only a few minutes.‎ ‎　　A.have been B.had been C.was D.will be ‎　　38.You don’t have to describe her I her several times.‎ ‎　　A.had met B.have met C.met D.most ‎　　答案 ‎　　1-5 ACABC 6-10 CDCBD 11-15 ADDBC 16-20 BBACC 21-25 BDBDB 26-30 ABCAC ‎　　31-35 BDABB 36-38 AAB