高考英语黄冈中学二轮练习资料任务型读写解析 24页

‎2019高考英语黄冈中学二轮练习资料：任务型读写（解析）‎ ‎ (一)‎ ‎(2017·安徽卷)‎ If we agree that the function of education is to prepare us for life, then there is very little time to waste. So, while we can, we ought to concentrate on teaching children something really useful. Here is what our school should teach.‎ Politeness is a mark of civilazation. The sooner children learn this, the better. In any case, a lot can be accomplished by a smile and good manners.‎ Like it or not, our adult lives will be consumed by the struggle for money, but we don't make an effort to teach children how to manage it. So our schools have a duty to teach them this ability from the beginning.‎ We're likely to accept something we are told, but that's not what educated people do. Educated people are reasonable and they look at facts. If our schools teach nothing else, they should at least teach critical(批判性的)thinking.‎ Children should learn to take care of their health. They should know that if they eat junk food(垃圾食品), they will become fat and unhealthy. They should be very clear about what happens to their bodies when they drink or smoke.‎ All of us are part of society. We have rights and responsibilities. We ought to understand what they are. We have to know a little bit of our history and geography, because we need to have an environment in which to relate to the people around us.‎ How will we test students on these? We can't. But that's not a reason to avoid teaching what is important. Our schools should spend every moment they have telling this to our children: “This is life, this is what you are going to face, and this is how you deal with it.”‎ Title Very Useful (1) ________‎ Introduction Education should be a (2)________ for life.‎ Advice Important things should be taught in (3) ________.‎ Teaching ‎(4)________‎ ‎●How to behave (5) ________‎ ‎●The basic skill of (6) ________ money ‎●How to(7)________ in a critical way ‎●How to keep(8) ________‎ ‎●The rights and responsibilities one has in (9) ________‎ Conclusion Children should be taught what(10) ________ is and how to deal with it.‎ 答案：‎ 本文主要讲述了教育者应教给孩子们的非常重要的知识，那就是：懂礼貌，学会理财，批判性的思维方式，照顾自己的健康以及作为社会的一分子应承担的责任等。‎ ‎1．Teaching/Education/Schooling　该题为主旨归纳题，概括性比较强，而全文内容都是强调孩子们的教育问题，因此应围绕education这一主题进行考虑。‎ ‎2．preparation　由文章第一段第一句话可知，教育的基本功能是为生活做准备，由此可推知空格处的正确答案为动词prepare的名词形式。‎ ‎3．schools　此题考查学生对文章细节的理解。由第一段最后一句话可知，该类教育应主要在学校里完成。‎ ‎4．Content(s)/content(s)/Topics/topics/Subjects/subjects 文章从第二段到第六段都是介绍了孩子们在学校里应该学习的内容。‎ ‎5．politely/properly/well　第二段讲述的是孩子们的言谈举止要有礼貌，因为懂礼貌是社会文明的标志。‎ ‎6．managing　文章从第三段强调孩子们应从一开始就要学会理财。‎ ‎7．think　第四段最后一句强调孩子们应学会如何批判性的思考问题。‎ ‎8．healthy/fit　第五段主要讲述了孩子们要学会照顾自己的健康。‎ ‎9．society　第六段主要讲述了孩子们要了解自己在社会上应享有的权利和应承担的责任。‎ ‎10．life　文章最后一句说我们应当告诉孩子们什么是真正的生活，他们将在以后的生活中面临的问题以及解决方法等。‎ ‎(二)‎ ‎(2017·江苏卷)‎ When Should a Leader Apologize and When Not?‎ Why Difficult?‎ When we wrong someone we know, even not intentionally, we are generally expected to apologize so as to improve the situation. But when we're acting as leaders, the circumstances are different. The act of apology is carried out not merely at the level of the individual but also at the level of the institution. It is a performance in which every expression matters and every word becomes part of the public record. Refusing to apologize can be smart, or it can be stupid. So, readiness to apologize can be seen as a sign of strong character or as a sign of weakness. A successful apology can turn hate into personal and organizational harmony—while an apology that is too little, too late, or too obviously strategic can bring on individual and institutional ruin. What, then, is to be done? How can leaders decide if and when to apologize publicly?‎ Why Now?‎ The question of whether leaders should apologize publicly has never been more urgent. During the last decade or so, the United States in particular has developed an apology culture—apologies of all kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more frequently than before. More newspaper writers have written about the growing importance of public apologies.‎ ‎ More articles, cartoons, advice columns, and radio and television programs have similarly dealt with the subject of private apologies.‎ Why Bother?‎ Why do we apologize? Why do we ever put ourselves in situations likely to be difficult, embarrassing, and even risky? Leaders who apologize publicly could be an easy target. They are expected to appear strong and capable. And whenever they make public statements of any kind, their individual and institutional reputations are in danger. Clearly, then, leaders should not apologize often or lightly. For a leader to express apology, there needs to be a good, strong reason. Leaders will publicly apologize if and when they think the costs of doing so are lower than the costs of not doing so.‎ Why Refuse?‎ Why is it that leaders so often refuse to apologize, even when a public apology seems to be in order? Their reasons can be individual or institutional. Because leaders are public figures, their apologies are likely to be personally uncomfortable and even professionally risky. Leaders may also be afraid that the admission of a mistake will damage or destroy the organization for which they are responsible. There can be good reasons for hanging tough in tough situations, as we shall see, but it is a highrisk strategy. ‎ 答案：‎ 本文主要讲述领导什么时候应该道歉，什么时候不应该道歉。道歉为什么很困难以及道歉时应该注意什么问题。‎ ‎1．performance/act/activity　由文章细节The act of apology is carried out not merely at the ‎ level of the individual but also at the level of the institution.可知，当众道歉不仅仅是个人行为。act，performance，activity均表示“行为，行动”。‎ ‎2．easy　由第一段细节readiness to apology can be seen as a sign of strong character or as a sign of weakness.可知。要平衡道歉与不道歉不是很容易的事。‎ ‎3．properly/appropriately/successfully/rightly　由文章第一段信息．..while apology that is too little，too late，or too obviously strategic can bring on individual and institutional ruin.等可知道歉不得体/恰当可能给个人或知识集体带来损害。‎ ‎4．urgent　由第二段第一句话The question of whether leaders should apologize publicly has never been more urgent.可知此处应填urgent。‎ ‎5．culture　由第二段第二句话During the last decade or so，the United States in particular has developed an apology culture.可知。‎ ‎6．growing/increasing/rising　由第二段信息More newspaper writers have written about the growing importance of public apologies.可知。‎ ‎7．expected/supposed/required　由第三段信息They are expected to appear strong and capable.可知。‎ ‎8．public　文章主要讲述当众道歉。‎ ‎9．likely　由文章最后一段信息Because leaders are public figures，their apologies are likely to be personally uncomfortable and even professional risky.可知。‎ ‎10．harm/damage　由文章最后一段信息Leaders may also be afraid that the admission of a mistake will damage or destroy the organization for which they are responsible.可知。do harm/damage to 对……有害。‎ ‎(一)‎ ‎(2017·江南十校二模)‎ During my childhood many years ago，a hero was pictured in my mind as the strong and the powerful ，such as a superman, but as time goes by and my knowledge grows wider, the definition of a hero changes from superman to Jesus Christ. In my opinion, a hero should have a modest characteristic，treat others with love and have the ability to change the world. ‎ ‎ Heroes are also ordinary men but they do extraordinary things for others out of the vast love they have in heroes' heart. When God created the world, God gave everyone a lovely heart for a chance to become a hero. All people need to do is to spare out the love to become heroes, but this world only has not so many heroes.‎ Who doesn't like to give orders to other people? Who likes to be a servant treated like a dog? Everyone wants to get to a higher position. The employee wants to be a manager. The senator(参议员) wants to be the president. The higher status will have the stronger power. No one will refuse to own the driver seat. So a hero must have the ability to be in the rank(职位). The hero doesn't have to take the power，but to get to a higher rank is one way to get ability of changing the world. If the hero can not change the world，he is only a normal man with a modest characteristic and kind love. Besides, a hero should be ready to help others.‎ Therefore，being a hero isn't at all an easy job. Not everyone can be a hero. The person must not only make a difference but also try to love others. The both done, the person can become a true hero.‎ Item Description ‎__1__ in my eyes Frist, a superman, strong and full of __2__， and then, Jesus Christ, modest, loving and able. Also, ordinary men helping others in a(n) __3__ way.‎ Potential heroes Everyone was created possible to become a hero and the __4__ given by everyone can make the possibility a reality, but it's a pity that this world lacks enough heroes.‎ ‎__5__for heroes ‎◆Heroes should possess an outstanding ability of __6__ the needs of their ranks.‎ ‎◆Heroes should be strong enough to be __7__ people.‎ ‎◆Heroes should help others __8__.‎ ‎__9__‎ It's __10__ but easy to become a hero.‎ 答案：‎ 英雄就是性格谦逊，有一颗博爱的心和具有改变世界的能力的人。作者的看法和我国古代“内圣外王”的思想如出一辙。‎ ‎1．Heroes　可数名词复数表泛指。 ‎ ‎2．power　由首段首句的a hero was pictured in my mind as the strong and the powerful，such as a superman可知应填power。‎ ‎3．extraordinary　由第2段首句的Heroes are also ordinary men but they do extraordinary things for others out of the vast love they have可知应填extraordinary。‎ ‎4．love　由第2段尾句的All people need to do is to spare out the love to become heroes可知应填love。‎ ‎5．Requirements　由第3段和右框内容可知应该是作为英雄的必要条件(requirements)。‎ ‎6．satisfying/meeting　由第3段倒数第4句So a hero must have the ability to be in the rank.可知应填satisfying/meeting。‎ ‎7．worldchanging　由第3段倒数第3句The hero doesn't have to take the power，but to get to a higher rank is one way to get ability of changing the world.可知答案 ‎8．readily/willingly　由第3段尾句Besides，a hero should be ready to help others.可知答案。‎ ‎9．Conclusion　由文章结构和右栏相应内容可知此处是对全文的总结。‎ ‎10．anything　由尾段前两句Therefore，being a hero isn't at all an easy job.Not everyone can be a hero.可知成为真正的英雄绝非易事。anything but根本不，绝不。‎ ‎(二)‎ ‎(2017·江南十校联考)‎ ‎ Having entered a boarding school, Ada and her twin sister Rita determined to strike out independently. Although the sisters had requested rooms in different dorms, they were placed in the same building, Ada on the eighth floor and Rita one floor higher. While Ada lived in harmony with her roommate, Rita was unhappy. She and her roommate had a quarrel over matters like the smallest thing—the time of lights being turned off—and the biggest thing—the arrangement of the furniture. Finally, they communicated primarily through short notes rather than by speaking. Rita kept running down along the stairs to ask Ada for help. Before long，the two wanted to live together again. Rita's roommate finally had to move out.‎ Rita's ability to solve her problem by rooming with her twin is unusual, but the conflict she faced is not. Despite great efforts by many schools to make good roommate matches, unpleasant outcomes are common.‎ Most conflicts between roommates develop from small, annoying differences. In extreme cases，the conflicts can lead to serious violence and affect roommates' psychological (心理的) health.‎ Learning to tolerate a stranger's habits may teach students the art of compromise, but the learning process is often painful.‎ Many schools have started conflict solution programs to calm tensions that could build up like a volcano preparing to explode, resulting in physical violence. Some schools try to prevent conflicts by using computerized matching. Students are put together on the basis of their answers to housing form questions about preferred hours of study and sleep, and selfdescribed tendencies toward tidiness or disorder. Parents sometimes weaken the process by taking the forms and filling in false data about their children's habits.‎ If only conflicts between roommates could disappear!‎ Title Roommate __1__‎ Example Rita，living on the __2__ floor, quarreled with her roommate over matters __3__ from when lights should be turned off to how the furniture should be arranged before they gave up an oral communication. Rita kept running __4__ ‎ ‎ to seek comfort from her twin sister. They finally __5__ the room again.‎ ‎__6__‎ Though many schools try to make __7__ roommates, conflicts between roommates still exist.‎ Bad result ‎●Leading to serious physical violence.‎ ‎●__8__ roommates' psychological health.‎ Solutions ‎●Learning the art of __9__.‎ ‎●Tolerating a stranger's habits.‎ ‎●Using computerized matching.‎ Wish Conflicts between roommates could be __10__.‎ 答案：‎ ‎1．Conflicts　本文主旨是谈论关于室友的冲突问题，conflicts这一关键词也在文中反复出现，故Roommate Conflicts作为标题最具有概括性。‎ ‎2．ninth　由第一段第二句中的Ada on the eighth floor and Rita one floor higher可知Rita住在九楼。此处意在考查考生是否能正确地拼写序数词9。‎ ‎3．ranging　从文中的like the smallest thing...and the biggest thing...可知是表示范围的短语range from...to...。‎ ‎4．downstairs　从第一段相应部分的Rita kept running down along the stairs可知Rita是不停地从九楼跑到八楼向Ada求助。故此处应填downstairs。‎ ‎5．shared　从首段最后两句Before long，the two wanted to live together again.Rita's roommate finally had to move out.可知，Rita和Ada共享(share)一个房间。‎ ‎6．Problem　从文章结构可以看出，作者从Rita这一个例引出文章主题，即存在的问题。‎ ‎7．wellmatched/suitable　从第二段尾句Despite great efforts by many shools to make good roommate matches...句意可知此处应填wellmatched/suitable。‎ ‎8．Affecting　从第三段尾句．..and affect roommates' psychological (心理的)health.可知此处应用affect的动名词形式，作为Bad results的第二种情况。‎ ‎9．compromise　从第四段中的Learning to tolerate a stranger's habits may teach students the art of compromise可知答案。‎ ‎10．gone/solved/settled　从文章最后一句的虚拟句式If only...可知作者希望室友之间的冲突可以得到解决(solve/settle)。‎ ‎(三)‎ ‎(2017·皖南八校第三次联考)‎ Customer service refers to the way that companies behave towards their customers. It's the quality of service that determines whether the customer remains with the company.‎ ‎ However，many a time organizations don't focus on customer relationship management, and that's what makes customers angry, which is one of the reasons why companies lose their customers. So customer service is vital and you should know how to improve it.‎ First of all ，you need to realize how important the customers are. It's they who are the boss, and it's because of them that you get your pay checks. So do take your customers seriously. ‎ Finding out the needs of the customers is another important customer service tip. You need to ask the customers the right kind of questions and think of the possible solutions which you can provide. Understand how they feel according to a particular situation, their body language, tone of voice and words they speak. Never make assumptions and think that you know what the customer wants.‎ Making customers feel they are important is an excellent way to serve them better. Treat customers as individuals and the best way to do that is using their first name and finding ways of praising them in a sincere way.‎ In addition，there are some other skills which will help you in serving your customers better. For example, once you finish solving the problem for the customer, before, ending the call, always remember to ask if there is anything else you can do for them. End the call with a “thank you”. If customers are angry，let them express their anger completely. Never interrupt or start speaking until they've finished. Once they've finished speaking, try to calm them down by apologizing.‎ ‎ In a word，always remember that if the customers remain happy，you'll be in business. ‎ Title How to __1__ customer service The meaning ‎ of customer ‎ service The way companies behave towards their customers.‎ The __2__ of customer service The quality of service determines whether companies can __3__ their customers. For example, bad service can result in __4__ customers.‎ Tips Take your customers seriously because they are your boss and the source of your income. Recognize the needs of the customers.‎ ‎◇Ask the customers the right kind of questions and offer __5__ to their problems.‎ ‎◇Understand customers' __6__ from a particular situation, their body language，tone of voice and words.‎ ‎◇Never __7__ that you know the customer's needs.‎ ‎◇Make customers feel they are important and treat them as individuals by using their first name and praising them __8__.‎ Other small skills：‎ ‎◇Always ask if you can do anything else for the customer before ending the call and end the call with a “thank you”．‎ ‎◇Don't __9__ the customer when he is speaking angrily.‎ Calm the customer down by making an __10__ after he finishes speaking.‎ 答案：‎ 本文讲述的是客服的含义和重要性，需要注意的四个方面的技巧及一项总原则。‎ ‎1．improve　由首段尾句So customer service is vital and you should know how to improve it.可知文章主旨/标题。‎ ‎2．importance　由首段第2句It's the quality of service that determines whether the customer remains with the company.可知本段段落主旨。‎ ‎3．keep　由首段第2句It's the quality of service that determines whether the customer remains with the company.可知答案。‎ ‎4．losing　由首段第3句．..and that's what makes customers angry, which is one of the reasons why companies lose their customers.可知答案。‎ ‎5．solutions　由第3段第2句You need to ask the customers the right kind of questions and think of the possible solutions which you can provide.可知答案。‎ ‎6．feelings　由第3段第3句Understand how they feel according to a particular situation, their boby language, tone of voice and words they speak.可知答案。‎ ‎7．assume　由第3段尾句Never make assumptions and think that you know what the customer wants.可知答案。‎ ‎8．sincerely　由第4段第2句Treat customers as individuals and the best way to do that is using their first name and finding ways of praising them in a sincere way.可知答案。‎ ‎9．interrupt　由第5段倒数第2句Never interrupt or start speaking until they've finished.可知答案。‎ ‎10．apology　由第5段尾句Once they've finished speaking, try to calm them down by apologizing.可知答案。‎ ‎(四)‎ ‎(2017·合肥第二次质检)‎ Few Americans stay in one a place for a lifetime. We move from the city to the suburbs (郊区) ，from high school to college in a different state，from a job in one area to a better job elsewhere, from the home where we raise our children to the home where we plan to live in retirement. With each move we are forever making new friends, who become part of our new life.‎ For many of us the summer is a special time for forming new friendships. Today, millions of Americans go on vacation abroad, and we go not only to see new sights but also—in those places where we don't feel too strange—with the hope of meeting new people. No one really expects a vacation trip to produce a close friend, but the beginning of a friendship is possible. Surely in every country people value friendship.‎ The word “friend” to American people can be applied to a wide range of relationship—to someone one has known for a few weeks in a new place, to a close business companion，to a childhood playmate, to a man or a woman, or to a trusted colleague. There are real differences among these relations for Americans—a friendship may be shallow, casual, situational or deep and lasting. But to a European, who sees only our surface behavior, the differences are not clear.‎ ‎ As Europeans see it, all kinds of “friends” flow in and out of Americans' homes with little ceremony. They may be parents of the children's friends, house guests of neighbors, members of a committee, business associates from another town or even another country. Coming as a guest into an American home，the European visitor finds no obvious landmarks. The atmosphere is relaxed. Most people, old and young, are called by first names. Americans' characteristic openness to different styles of relationship makes it possible for us to find new friends abroad with whom we feel at home.‎ Title American Friendship Chances for Americans to make friends ☆Most Americans __1__ from place to place. ☆Many Americans go abroad on vacation for __2__ or meeting new people. ‎ ‎☆One __3__ for a vacation is to begin a friendship.‎ Ways for Americans to __4__ the word “friend” ☆American people use “friend” __5__ for different relationships. ☆Americans know the __6__ among relations clearly while Europeans cannot.‎ Europeans' understanding about American __7__ ☆Friends flow in and out of Americans' homes __8__.‎ ‎☆Being a guest in an American home, the European visitor feels __9__.‎ ‎☆Due to their __10__ characteristics, Americans find new friends all over the world.‎ 答案：‎ 美国人喜欢搬迁也喜欢到国外旅行，原因之一就是能结交新朋友。由于美国人开放的交友观，他们的朋友遍天下。‎ ‎1．move　由首段内容可知“move”是美国人的一大特征。‎ ‎2．sightseeing　由第二段中的we go not only to see new sights...可知答案。‎ ‎3．possibility　由第二段倒数第二句．..but the beginning of a friendship is possible. 可知答案。‎ ‎4．understand/apply　由第三段首句中的The word“friend” to American people can be ‎ applied to...可知答案。‎ ‎5．widely　由第三段首句中的The word“friend” to American people can be applied to a wide range of relationship...可知答案。‎ ‎6．difference(s)　由第三段尾句But to a European, who sees only our surface behavior, the differences are not clear.可知答案。‎ ‎7．friendship　由第四段首句可知答案。‎ ‎8．casually由第四段首句中的with little ceremony可知答案。‎ ‎9．comfortable/relaxed　由尾段中．..the European visitor finds no obvious landmarks. The atmosphere is relaxed.可知答案。‎ ‎10．open　由尾段尾句Americans' characteristic openness...可知答案。‎ ‎(五)‎ ‎(2017·合肥市第三次质检)‎ By the midnineteenth century, the term“icebox” had entered the American language, but ice was still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States. The ice trade grew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in places like hotels and hospitals, and by some forwardlooking city businessmen in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter. After the Civil War (1861～1865 ) ，it also came into household use. Even before 1880, half of the ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and onethird of that sold in Boston and Chicago，went to families for their own use. This had become possible because a new household convenience, the icebox ，early form of the modern refrigerator，had been invented.‎ ‎ Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenth century, people only had some simple and basic knowledge of the physics of heat. The common idea that the best icebox was one that prevented the ice from melting was of course mistaken ，for it was the melting of the ice that performed the cooling. Early efforts to save ice included wrapping up the ice in blankets, which kept the ice from doing its job. Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve the delicate balance needed for an efficient icebox.‎ ‎ But as early as 1803，a Maryland farmer，Thomas Moore, had been in the correct direction. He owned a farm and used an icebox of his own design for the transportation of his butter to a market in the village‎ of ‎Georgetown. And there he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting goods of his competitors to pay a higher price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, onepound bricks. One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool.As a result，Moore managed to earn a large sum of money.‎ The Origin of Refrigerators History of the icebox ‎*By the mid19th century the 1.________ that ice had ‎ on American citizens' life was limited mainly to the diet.‎ ‎*When cities grew, the ice 2.________ increased.‎ ‎*Forwardlooking businessmen used ice to keep meat, fish and butter 3.________.‎ ‎*After the Civil War, due to the 4.________ of the modern refrigerator, household use of ice became possible.‎ Incorrect 5.________ about the icebox ‎*The icebox 6.________ best when the ice was prevented from melting.‎ ‎*Ice should be 7.________ up in blankets to help do its jobs.‎ Thomas Moore's story ‎*As early as 1803, Thomas Moore knew how to use an icebox 8.________.‎ ‎*An icebox was designed by Thomas Moore to ‎ ‎9．________ his butter to the market.‎ ‎*Thomas Moore was very 10.________ in his business.‎ 答案：‎ ‎1．effect/influence/impact　由首段首句可知，到19世纪中期，冰刚开始影响美国普通市民的饮食。‎ ‎2．trade/business/deal　由首段第2句可知，随着城市的增长，冰的交易逐渐增长。‎ ‎3．fresh　由首段第3句可知，冰被一些有远见的城市商人用于对肉、鱼和奶油的保鲜上。‎ ‎4．invention/appearance　由首段尾句可知，这已经变得可能，因为一种新的家庭方便用具，冰箱，已经被发明。‎ ‎5．ideas/views/opinions　由第2段第3句可知，一种常见的观念是“最好的冰箱就是能阻止冰融化的冰箱”，这当然是错误的。‎ ‎6．worked/functioned　由5题可知答案。‎ ‎7．wrapped/packed/parceled　由第2段第4句可知，早期节省用冰的措施包括用毯子把冰包裹起来。‎ ‎8．correctly/properly/efficiently　由尾段首句可知，早在1803年，一位农场主已经用正确的方法使用冰箱了。‎ ‎9．transport/deliver　由尾段第2句可知，他自己设计了一种冰箱用于运送他的奶油到市场上。‎ ‎10．successful　由尾段尾句可知，他赚了很多钱。be successful in sth.在……方面是成功的。‎ ‎(六)‎ ‎(2017·苏锡常镇一调)‎ Canada‎'s wealth comes from the exploitation of its rich natural resources and from the work of its citizens. Canadians are employed in a variety of jobs. All of these jobs can be grouped into one of three categories：extractive industries, manufacturing industries and service industries.‎ Industries that take raw materials from the natural environment are called extractive or primary industries. Canada has a wealth of natural resources. The extractive industries that have been developed to exploit these natural resources make an important contribution to the wealth of our economy. Without these extractive industries, and the money they bring from other countries，Canada's economy could not exist in its present form. Yet only a small percentage of Canada's labour force works in extractive industries. Extractive industries rely on laboursaving machines instead of human labour.‎ Manufacturing industries process the products of extractive industries into finished products. Manufacturing industries transform raw materials into many different forms to be used by consumers or by other companies. This processing may be done in one or more stages. For example, iron ore is transformed into steel in factories. This is called primary manufacturing. The steel is then sent to companies for further processing into cars, mining equipment, machines, nails, and other products, such as bicycle frames. This is called secondary manufacturing.‎ Manufacturing industries are located in many towns and cities across Canada. Companies try to build their factories in densely populated areas because they want to be near the people who buy their products. If they locate near their customers, they will save money on shipping costs. Manufacturing industries provide more jobs to Canadians than extractive industries. Yet the number of people employed in manufacturing is still small in comparison to the third category, services. As with extractive industries, manufacturing process use many machines that require relatively few workers.‎ Service industries provide services needed by the extractive and manufacturing industries, and by society in general. Without these services, society could not operate. The majority of Canadian workers do not produce “goods” in their jobs. Instead, they provide “services” for others. The range of services is very great and includes such things as retailing, office work, education, health care, communications, government, transportation, and personal services.‎ Service industries in one form or another are spread over the entire country. In every community there are stores, banks, schools, police forces, and dozens of other services. The majority of service industries are found in towns and cities because services are provided for people and there are many more people in urban areas.‎ Canada‎'s economy depends upon the creation of jobs in all three types of industry.‎ Introduction ‎●All 1.________ can be divided into three categories：extractive industries, manufacturing industries and service industries.‎ Extractive industries ‎●Extractive industries are also called primary industries, which are 2.________ with the exploitation of raw materials from the natural environment.‎ ‎3.________‎ industries ‎●Manufacturing industries 4.________ raw materials into products, which can be used by people or companies.‎ ‎●Manufacturing industries can be grouped into primary manufacturing and 5.________ manufacturing.‎ ‎●Primary manufacturing 6.________ steel from iron ore for further processing.‎ ‎●Secondary manufacturing will then use the steel to make products like cars, bikes, etc. for people to use.‎ Service ‎ industries ‎●Service industries provide services the other two industries need. Without these services, our society cannot 7.________.‎ ‎●Service industries provide jobs for shop assistants, office 8.________， teachers, doctors, and many others.‎ ‎●Service industries mainly provide services for 9.________.‎ Closing ‎ ‎●Our society is 10.________ on all three types of industry.‎ 答案：‎ ‎1．jobs　由第1段第3句可知，所有工作被分成三类。‎ ‎2．associated/connected 由第2段第1句可知，使用来自自然环境的原材料的工业被称为基础产业，所以基础产业和原材料的开采是有联系的。‎ ‎3．Manufacturing　分析文章内容可知，文章在第3段和第4段介绍了Manufacturing industries。‎ ‎4．process/transform/turn　由第3段前两句可知，机器制造业是把原材料转变为消费者所使用的商品。 ‎ ‎5．secondary　由第3段后半部分内容可知，机器制造业被分成第一产业和第二产业。 ‎ ‎6．makes　由第3段第4句可知，在第一产业中，把铁矿石制造成钢以备进一步加工，故用make(制造)。‎ ‎7．operate/function　由第5段第2句可知，没有服务行业，我们的社会就不能正常运转。由此可知答案。‎ ‎8．workers　由倒数第2段以及常识可知，服务行业为各行各业的人提供工作，故此处应该指的是办公室的工作人员，即workers。‎ ‎9．people　由倒数第2段尾句可知，服务行业主要是为人提供服务，故答案为people。‎ ‎10．based/dependent　由尾段可知，加拿大的经济发展依赖于这三个类型的产业所提供的就业机会。be based on/be dependent on在此处相当于depend on。‎ ‎(七)‎ ‎(2017·南京二模)‎ American life before 1950 felt nothing like American life feels now, and a big reason is those three changes that took place in the second half of the 20th century，which has had the most lasting impact on our lives today.‎ ‎1. The building of the interstates(州际公路)．‎ ‎2. The covering of the United States with coasttocoast television.‎ ‎3. The introduction and spread of the Internet.‎ Before the interstates were constructed，even a trip within an individual state often took considerable planning；twolane roads, dangerous and slow, were common. The interestates tore down the invisible walls around U. S.‎ towns. President Eisenhower was in favor of building the interstates, because he believed that，in a time of war，they would be helpful in moving troops and supplies. But their immediate effect was to make Americans feel that certain doors had been unlocked. With the interstates came a sense of freedom：A person could drive anywhere— everywhere—easily. Suddenly, horizons were unlimited. “Local” didn't mean quite the same thing it used to. Getting away was effortless.‎ The introduction of national television meant that for the first time in history, people in every corner of the country were watching exactly the same thing at exactly the same moment. It connected the country，in a way that even network radio hadn't accomplished, and it was because of the quality of the TV pictures. As with the interstates, coasttocoast television was a cure to separation. Those who ran the newly formed television networks had an enormous amount of power. Their decisions about what to put on the air determined what people would be talking about the next day. They controlled what people would laugh at and when, what people would cry over and when，what would anger people and when it would anger them.‎ And then，later in the century，the Internet came along，erasing all symbolic borders. If the interstate highways had allowed physical freedom, the Internet allowed a different kind of freedom，one unprecedented(空前的) in human experience. It was no coincidence that it was initially referred to as the information superhighway：Seemingly overnight, the knowledge of the world was available to anyone with a keyboard and a modem; people who had never met and would never meet could communicate as if they were lifelong friends. Now the individual at his or her computer terminal was given the power to decide how he or she would be informed or entertained at a given moment. No one else had the absolute authority to arrange the individual's life；he or she made that decision, moment by moment. What in the past might have taken a person a lifetime—searching for mankind's recorded wisdom in distant and magnificent libraries—now, in theory, was available with a series of key taps from one's room. What had once seemed unbelievable had, very quickly, become routine.‎ The three developments ended up changing our daily world greatly；largely because of them, it is a world that would be almost unrecognizable to our grandparents and greatgrandparents.‎ 答案：‎ 今天美国人的生活和1950年前的生活几乎已经没有任何相似之处。州际高速公路打破了各个州隐形封闭的门户，拓宽了人们的视野，使人们享受到了身体的自由；国家电视系统的使用尤其是互联网这一信息高速公路的使用，彻底地使人们有了崭新的体验生活的自由，一切原来不可能的事情都变成了可能，这三个发展相互作用，极大地改变了人们的日常生活和这个世界。‎ ‎1．changed　此处为文章的主题，由首段可知州际公路、国家电视和互联网的三者的发展极大地改变了美国，故空1处填changed, 和have构成完成时。‎ ‎2．end　由文章有关The interstates部分的内容可知，州际公路结束了原来交通困难的局面和状况。put an end to终止，结束。‎ ‎3．connected/linked/joined　州际公路打破了原来各州无形的门户，使各个城市连接起来。‎ ‎4．drive/travel　州际公路使交通旅游更便捷。‎ ‎5．same　由文章有关Television部分的内容可知，国家电视网的建立使美国人分享同样的节目。‎ ‎6．Determining/Deciding　国家电视网的建立使美国人分享同样节目的同时，也决定了他们在第二天谈论同样的话题和控制着他们的情感。‎ ‎7．information　由文章有关The Internet部分的内容可知，互联网被称为信息高速公路。‎ ‎8．communcation　互联网使陌生人之间的交流成为可能。‎ ‎9．decisions/choices　互联网允许人们自由作出决定。‎ ‎10．available/accessible　互联网使人们无论在何时何地都能获取信息。‎ ‎(八)‎ ‎ (2017·淮安第四次调考)‎ From the health point of view we are living in a wonderful age. We are immunized from birth against many of the most dangerous diseases. A large number of once fatal illnesses can now be cured by modern drugs and surgery. It is almost certain that one day medicines will be found for the most stubborn remaining diseases. The expectation of life has increased largely. But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the unbelievable slaughter (屠杀) of men, women and children on the roads. Man versus the motorcar! It is a neverending battle which man is losing. Thousands of people the world over are killed or horribly killed each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen.‎ ‎ It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel(方向盘), his car becomes the additional part of his personality. There is no doubt that the motorcar often brings out a man's very worst qualities. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind a steeringwheel. They swear, they are illmannered and aggressive, willful as twoyearolds and completely selfish. All their hidden anger, disappointments and envies seem to be exposed by the act of driving.‎ The surprising thing is that society only smiles so kindly on the motorist when seeing his behaviors talked about above. Everything is done for his convenience. Cities are allowed to become almost unsuitable to live because of heavy traffic; towns are made ugly by huge car parks; the countryside is damaged by road networks; and the mass annual slaughter becomes nothing more than a statistic, to be conveniently forgotten.‎ ‎ It is high time a world code were created to reduce this senseless waste of human life. In regard to driving, the laws of some countries are dishonorably loose and even the strictest are not strict enough. A code which was universally accepted could only have a dramatically beneficial effect on the accident rate. Here are a few examples of some things that might be done. The driving test should be standardized and made far more difficult than it is; all the drivers should be made to take a test every three years; the age at which young people are allowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least 21; all vehicles should be put through inflexible annual tests for safety. Even the smallest amount of alcohol in the blood can destroy a person's driving ability, so present drinking and driving laws (where they exist) should be made much stricter. The highest and lowest speed limits should be put on all roads, as has been done in the USA. All advertising stressing power and performance should be banned. These measures may sound unacceptably harsh. But surely nothing should be considered to be too severe if it results in reducing the annual loss of human life. After all, the world is for human beings, not for motorcars.‎ Title: Strict Traffic Laws Can Prevent Accidents Present situation of road accidents ‎◇We are quietly sitting back and letting road slaughter happen.1. ‎ ‎ ◇Road accidents seem to happen 1.________.‎ ‎2.________ for so many road accidents ‎◇It seems that all the hidden anger, disappointment and envies are 4.________ by the act of driving. ‎ ‎◇Society just 5.________ various kinds of bad behavior of a motorist. ‎ ‎◇People 6.________ the road accident statistics. ◇When driving a car, a man tends to become illmannered and behave in an 3.________ way.‎ ‎7.______ that should be taken to reduce road accidents ‎◇The driving test should be standardized and made much more difficult. ‎ ‎◇All the drivers should take a test every three years.‎ ‎◇Only people at or 8.________ 21 can get a driving license.‎ ‎◇All vehicles should be given strict annual tests. Drinking and driving laws should be made much stricter.‎ ‎◇The highest and the lowest speed limits should be put to 9.________.‎ ‎◇No advertising which stresses power and performance should be 10.________.‎ 答案：1. frequently 　2. Reasons　3. aggressive　4. exposed ‎5. tolerate/bear　6. ignore/overlook　7. Measures　8. above/over　9. use 　10. allowed/permitted ‎(九)‎ ‎(2017·扬州三模)‎ Federal‎ Hocking High School in Stewart‎, ‎Ohio, draws its 360 students from a 270squaremile rural area of the state's southeast corner. ‎ In the early 1990s, teachers and students were not at all motivated. The school, says social studies teacher Deborah Burk, was sticking to the 19thcentury concept of dividing the day into 42minute periods (still common in many schools across the country), with each period counted as a credit toward graduation. Back then, Burk says, students focused more on the clock than on what she was saying. They weren't entirely to blame. The system, she felt, didn't let her do much beyond repeating the same lectures over and over: There wasn't time to challenge students to research into details. “You couldn't analyze their progress—or even think about it.” ‎ In 1992, Dr. George H. Wood, an Ohio‎ ‎University education professor who'd never run a high school, was named principal. He asked students for their ideas, organized visits to programs ‎ around the country, and met frequently with staff. The result: Time passed quickly. With some armtwisting of superintendents and state lawmakers, Federal Hocking moved from the tiresome credit system to a lessismore schedule tied to four 80minute classes. “We decided，” Wood says, “to teach fewer things better.” In American history, for example, the emphasis changed from devoting equal time to every era to focusing on big events. ‎ The school developed its own credit system based on important studies but added other requirements—a senior portfolio, and a yearlong project created by the students that's not always linked directly to their coursework. Project topics range from writing a worldfoods cookbook to the restoration of an old tractor. Graduation based just on racking up a set number of credits was no longer possible.‎ Other changes followed. The sevenminute daily homeroom period—basically an attendance call—was replaced by an hourlong advisory meeting every Wednesday morning. Each teacher advises the same 14 or 15 kids through high school. Wood, meanwhile, never lowered his strict academic standards. “Everybody here reads Shakespeare, Emerson and Thoreau，” he says, “even kids who are going to be mechanics.”‎ Teacher Tim Arnold says the schedule changes had an effect similar to the flipping(弹开)of a switch: “The pressure was released. Instead of looking at the clock, we could look at the students. On the first day we all went ‘Wow! That was cool’”‎ Between the 199596 and 200304 school years, the percentage of the school's ninthgraders that passed Ohio's math proficiency test rose from 50 percent to 85 percent. Passing grades in reading shot from 69 percent to 96 percent. And honors diplomas jumped from 8 percent to 20 percent. “We don't focus on test scores，” Wood says, “but it's clear that if you pay attention to the overall culture of the school, the test scores will rise.”‎ Problems of the school in the past The 1.________ of the day into 42minute periods ‎2.______ the same teaching content again and again No time to challenge students to 3.________ out research into details ‎4.________ of solving the ‎ problems ‎ Teaching fewer things better ‎ Credit system based on important studies in 5.______ to other requirements A schedule of four 80minute classes An hourlong meeting every Wednesday morning to give 6.________‎ ‎7.________ up the high and strict academic standards Signs of 8．________ ‎ ‎ Much 10.________ was made in passing grades in reading.‎ ‎9.________ percent more ninthgraders passed Ohio's math proficiency test.‎ Honors diplomas increased from 8 percent to 20 percent.‎ 答案：1. division　2. Repeating　3. carry　4. Ways　5. addition ‎6. advice/suggestions　7. Keeping　8. success/achievements ‎9. Thirty/30　10. progress ‎(十)‎ ‎(2017·安徽名校联考)‎ It's common for kids of all ages to experience school anxiety—schoolrelated stress.This is often most apparent at the end of summer when school is about to start again, but it can occur yearround.Where does the stress and anxiety come from?‎ Teachers A good experience with a caring teacher can cause a lasting impression on a child's life—so can a bad experience.While most teachers do their best to provide students with a positive educational experience, some students are better suited for certain teaching styles and classroom types than others.If there's a mismatch (不协调) between student and teacher, a child can form lasting negative feelings about school or his own abilities. ‎ Friends Friends can also be a source of stress.Concerns about not having enough friends, not being in the same class as friends, not being able to keep up with friends in one particular area or another, and interpersonal conflicts are a few of the very common ways kids can be stressed by their social lives at school.Dealing with these issues alone can cause anxiety in even the most confident kids.‎ Bullies (欺凌弱小者)‎ Things have changed in the world of bullies since I was a kid.The good news is that teachers and parents are paying more attention.Many schools now have antibullying programs and policies.Though bullying does still happen, help is generally more easily accessible than before.‎ The bad news is that bullying has gone hightech.Many students use the Internet, cell phones and other media devices to bully other students, and this type of bullying often gets very aggressive.One reason is that bullies can be anonymous (匿名的) and enlist other bullies to make their targets miserable.Another reason is that they don't have to face their targets. So it's easier to get rid of any empathy that they may otherwise feel.There are ways to fight against “cyberbullying”， but many parents aren't aware of them—and many bullied kids feel too overwhelmed to deal with the situation.‎ Passage outline Supporting details A general 1.________‎ ‎◇Kids of all ages 2.________ to experience schoolrelated stress. ◇School anxiety may happen all year around, 3.________ when the new school year begins.‎ ‎4.________ of school anxiety Teachers The school anxiety from a bad experience with a teacher can 5.________ for a long time.‎ Friends The problems, such as fearing to fall 6.________ friends and being afraid of not having enough friends, should be 7.________ together, but not alone.‎ Bullies Good news：‎ ‎●School buillies are being paid more attention to than before.‎ ‎●Help is more easily 8.________ as most schools have antibullying programs and policies. ‎ Bad news：‎ ‎●Modern 9.________ has made school bullies more aggressive.‎ ‎●Many parents don't 10.________ the importance of fighting against“cyberbullying”.‎ 答案：1. introduction/idea　2. likely　3. especially ‎4．Causes/Sources　5.last　6.behind　7.handled/solved ‎8. accessible　9. technology/equipment　10. realize ‎ ‎(十一)‎ ‎ (2017·南师大附中冲刺卷)‎ Have you heard or read stories about people who are sick and have been healed by listening to music? Is it a miracle or a successful form of medicine? Can listening to music relieve pain?‎ Around the world，music therapy(疗法) is being used to treat different medical conditions and illnesses. Some of the ways people use music therapy are to reduce pain，such as in childbirth or during cancer treatments，or to stimulate brain activity after an injury or money loss. Music therapy has also been successful in aiding children to overcome disabilities. Children can move their bodies with the music and stamp along to the beat.‎ ‎ Why is music a useful therapy? Music is soothing and relaxing, but it also stimulates our brains. Emotionally and physically, we respond to the sounds of music. But the complexity of music (the different tempos，rhythms，melodies and harmonies) provokes(激发)the biggest response. Thus，classical music is most typically used for therapies due to complex sounds and ‎ patterns. Although rap or hip hop might be fun to listen to，it's unlikely that such styles of music would produce the same kind of therapeutic effect. Playing a musical instrument rather than simply listening to music can also be therapeutic for some people，helping relieve stress and anxiety.‎ ‎ Have scientists been able to prove that music can heal disease? Music has been shown to reduce pain in cancer patients by increasing the release endorphins(内啡肽). Endorphins are the body's natural painkillers，and when we listen to music，our brains respond by releasing these natural painkillers. It has also been known to contribute to the brain development of the babies who have just been born and even babies still in the mother's womb. Certain types of music have also been found to lower blood pressure and slow a person's heart rate. Many people are hopeful that music could replace the need for some medications(药物)that are normally used to treat certain illnesses. At present，music therapy is used in a variety of settings such as hospitals，rehabilitation centers，nursing homes，day cares，and schools.‎ Although music therapy is not yet considered a mainstream treatment，it is recognized more and more as a useful addition to traditional treatment. So next time you are feeling low or stressed out，put on some relaxing music and let the music heal you.‎ Title : Music That 1.________‎ The 2.____‎ of music therapy to treat different medical ‎ conditions and illnesses to reduce pain ‎ to 3.________ brain activity to overcome 4.________‎ How does music therapy 5.________？‎ Music is soothing and relaxing; it stimulates our brains; classical music is a 6.________ due to its complex sounds and patterns. Playing a musical instrument is also useful in 7.________ stress and anxiety.‎ Scientific proofs Music has been shown to reduce pain in cancer patients by increasing the release of endorphins. It has also been known to contribute to the brain development of the 8.________ babies. Certain types of music have also been found to lower blood pressure and slow a person's heart rate.‎ ‎9.______‎ ‎ Music therapy is recognized as a useful 10.______ to traditional treatment.‎ 答案：1.Heals　2.uses/application 　3.stimulate ‎4．disabilities 　5.work　6.favorite/preference　7.relieving 　8.newborn　9.Conclusion　10.addition ‎(十二)‎ ‎(2017·安庆二模)‎ People who enjoy a dreamfilled sleep are better at recalling information and making links between facts when waking. But recharging with a shallow (小睡) offers no such mental improvement, the research suggests. The results of the study added to the growing body of evidence that Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep is very important to the brain's ability to form strong memories.‎ An average night's rest includes four or five spells of REM sleep, but these bursts tend to be lengthier towards the end of the night. This means adults getting less than the recommended seven to eight hours a night—and therefore inadequate REM sleep—may be damaging their mind's ability to memorize: Although REM sleep is not classified as a type of deep sleep, it is only reached after the brain has passed through deep sleep stages.‎ In the recent study, participants were shown groups of three words and asked to find another word that can be associated with all three words. They were tested once in the morning and then given the same task again in the afternoon. In between, some were allowed a nap with REM sleep, some nap without REM sleep, while the others had a quiet rest period. The quiet rest ‎ and nonREM sleep groups didn't improve, but the REM sleep group improved on their morning performance by an average of almost 40 per cent. Dr Sara Mednick, a sleep researcher at the University‎ of ‎California who led the study, believes the formation of connections between previously unassociated information in the brain occurs during REM sleep.‎ It is believed that sleep acts as a sort of mental filing system, enabling the brain to sort relevant information from useless information. This process may take place as memories are removed from one art of the brain to others.‎ Title REM Sleep 1.________ Memory The result of ‎ the study Rapid Eye Movement sleep is of great importance to the brain's ability to 2.________ memories.‎ The 3.______ ‎ of the study ‎◆ 4.________ were required to think of another word associated with all three words. ‎ ‎◆The same task was given to participants 5.________ a day.‎ ‎◆ The quiet rest and nonREM sleep groups showed no 6.________.‎ ‎◆ The REM sleep group 7.________ well by an average of almost 40 per cent.‎ Dr Sara ‎ Mednick's ‎8．________‎ Connections between previous unassociated information in the brain are 9.________ during REM sleep.‎ Conclusion Sleep acts as a sort of mental filing system, enabling the ‎ brain to abandon useless information and keep the 10._______ _information.‎ 答案：1. Benefits/Improves　2. strengthen　3. process/steps/procedures 　4.Participants　5. twice 6.improvement 7. performed 8. opinion/view/belief 　‎ ‎9. formed 10. relevant/related