2020届外研版高考英语一轮复习必修3练习：Module4单元话题语篇训练 8页

必修三·Module 4 单元话题·语篇训练 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A As a volunteer, you will discover the unique opportunity of visiting the real world beyond the tourist window and become immersed (沉浸) in the cultures you visit.For many travelers, this time spent working on meaningful projects and getting to know the local area and its people is often regarded as their most memorable, enjoyable and fulfilling experience.‎ Who can volunteer?‎ Kaya volunteers are 18－80 years old people with an adventurous spirit.Whether you have time for a 2week trip or a 6month break, traveling on your own, with a group or with your family, or you are a student, taking a break from your study or have even retired, they will find a project that can use your help.‎ What types of projects can you do?‎ Kaya's project advisers work with you to decide which project is best for you and what type of work you like to do.You can work in the following fields：‎ ‎*Environmental preservation — From the Ecuadorian rainforest to the jungle of Thailand, repair the damage done to some of the most beautiful and diverse places on earth.‎ ‎*Work with children — They have over 40 projects working with children across the world in orphanages, schools and shelters for the abused, and disabled.‎ ‎*Sports — Through sports their projects can provide opportunities for health education and the development of life skills such as teamwork, communication, discipline and selfconfidence.‎ ‎*Education — Form English teaching to education programs for special needs and minority groups, give greater opportunity to the disadvantaged through education.‎ All projects include airport pickups and dropoffs, accommodation, orientation and 24hour support.Many of their placements also include all meals and some language classes so that you can get even more involved.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了参加Kaya志愿者项目的条件以及项目的类型等相关信息。‎ ‎1．What's the author's purpose in writing this passage?‎ A．To inspire people to volunteer.‎ B．To show the advantage of volunteers.‎ C．To call on volunteers to take part in certain projects.‎ D．To explain different projects to volunteers.‎ 解析：选C　写作意图题。根据第一段第一句及“For many travelers, this time spent working on meaningful projects”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是呼吁志愿者参与某些项目。‎ ‎2．What can a volunteer do while doing the advertised voluntary work?‎ A．Receive some extra pay for their work.‎ B．Travel around for free.‎ C．Help the local people with their work.‎ D．Visit the local places of interest.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据“What types of projects can you do？”部分中的“From the Ecuadorian rainforest to the jungle of Thailand, repair the damage done to some of the most beautiful and diverse places on earth”可知，志愿者在做志愿工作的时候能够参观当地的一些名胜古迹。‎ ‎3．What can we infer from the second part of this passage?‎ A．Few people are willing to do the voluntary work.‎ B．There are almost no restrictions set on volunteers.‎ C．People without voluntary experiences are not welcome.‎ D．Junior school students can participate in the project.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据“Who can volunteer？”部分中的描述可知，参加Kaya志愿者项目除了有年龄的要求外几乎没有任何限制。‎ B Most of the sandstorms that had swept China last year came from foreign land, a Chinese official in charge of desertification (荒漠化) control said on Monday.And the invasions (入侵) could partly explain the frequent sandstorms in the country in recent years despite its achievements in desertification control.‎ Since the start of last spring, the north and northwestern Chinese regions had been hit by 17 sandstorms, of which, a dozen came from foreign land.‎ Situated in the centralAsia sandstorm region, one of the world's four largest sandstorm sources, China also suffers from sandstorms from outside the country while being blamed as a sand source to northeast Asia.The other three major sources are in Africa, North America and Australia.‎ The land suffering from desertification has been decreasing by 7,585 square kilometres annually in China, and the area of sandy land has also been falling by 1,284 square kilometres a year.‎ The shrinkage (收缩) forms a clear contrast to the fact that the land suffering from desertification and sandy feature was added by 10,400 square kilometres and 3,436 square kilometres late last century, respectively.‎ Currently, the desertification land in China makes up 2.64 million square kilometres, accounting for 27.46 percent of the nation's land, and its sandy land totals 1.74 million square kilometres, accounting for 18.1 percent of the country's total.‎ 语篇解读：‎ 本文是一篇说明文。近年来中国遭受严重的风沙袭击，而中国也被认为是风沙的来源地之一，经过努力中国在治沙方面取得显著的效果。‎ ‎4．What does the underlined word “decreasing” mean in Paragraph 4?‎ A．Going down.　　　　　 B．Going up.‎ C．Coming from. D．Taking up.‎ 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据第四段最后的“has also been falling by 1,284 square kilometres a year”可知，该词的意思是“减少”，与“falling”的意思接近，故选A项。‎ ‎5．Where do most of the sandstorms in China come from?‎ A．The northwestern Chinese regions.‎ B．The northern Chinese regions.‎ C．The western part of China.‎ D．Foreign countries.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段提到“Most of the sandstorms that had swept China last year come from foreign land”去年袭击中国的沙尘暴来自外国，故选D项。‎ ‎6．Which of the following is believed to be the sand source to northeast Asia?‎ A．Mongolia. B．Africa.‎ C．China. D．Australia.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段“China also suffers from sandstorms ...sand source to northeast Asia.”可知中国被认为是东北亚风沙的来源地，故选C项。‎ ‎7．What can we infer from this passage?‎ A．The land in China suffering from desertification has been increasing greatly.‎ B．China has made achievements in its own desertification control.‎ C．The desertification land makes up nearly half of China's territory.‎ D．Little progress has been made in controlling desertification in China.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，遭受风沙袭击的土地每年减少7 585平方千米，沙地的区域每年减少了1 284平方千米，故可知控制沙漠化取得了成效，故选B项。‎ C ‎(2019·南昌市重点中学高三段考)Following Mo Yan's Nobel Prize, the usually silent Chinese literary circle got warmed up again.A Shanghai writer named Jin Yucheng surprised nearly everyone by making his new novel full of the Shanghai dialect (方言)．‎ Published in 2012, the 350,000word Blossoms is a novel about the changes in Shanghai over 30 years, drawing clear images of the city through the stories of many common people.There is no main story like most novels, but every story in it could run independently. While Putonghua is the ‎ standard choice for Chinese literature today, Jin's use of the Shanghai dialect appears both different and bold.‎ ‎“I have seen too many novels that look similar to each other.Chinese literature is getting monotonous both in language and form.I want to be special with my own language, ” Jin told the Global Times.‎ In the novel, Jin makes a breakthrough by mainly using dialogues to unfold various plots and represent typical characters on a daily basis.He also abandons the use of some punctuation like quotation marks (引号), showing a return to the traditional Chinese huaben (话本) genre.‎ Since its publication, the book has been widely recommended on Sina Weibo with many netizens rating the novel high for its unique use of the dialect and vivid description of life using plain speech.‎ Jin said that he got the idea of writing the novel while chatting in an online forum where people use the Shanghai dialect. The praise he received from the netizens encouraged him to continue writing the random stories.‎ ‎“I'd like to see more writers to follow my lead. It will enrich our literature and make it diverse，” he said.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，讲述了上海作家金宇澄的小说《繁花》。‎ ‎8．What can we know from the first two paragraphs?‎ A．The Chinese literary circle is always silent.‎ B．Mo Yan was surprised at Jin Yucheng's new novel.‎ C．The novel represents a modern lifestyle in Shanghai.‎ D．The stories in the novel aren't linked to each other.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“There is no main story like most novels, but every story in it could run independently.”可知，《繁花》没有像大多数小说那样有一个主要故事，但它的每一个故事都可以独立成篇。据此可知，这部小说中的故事并没有互相联系，故D项正确。‎ ‎9．What does the underlined word “monotonous” in Paragraph 3 mean?‎ A．Lacking in variety.‎ B．Short of expectations.‎ C．Wanting further improvement.‎ D．Requiring more consideration.‎ 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句可知，金宇澄认为中国的很多小说看上去彼此相似；再结合该段第三句中的“I want to be special with my own language”可知，他想要用自己的语言让自己的小说有特色。据此可推知画线词与A项含义相近。‎ ‎10．How does Jin Yucheng make a breakthrough in his new novel?‎ A．By inventing lots of typical characters.‎ B．By creating a vivid background.‎ C．By employing dialogues to develop plots and characters.‎ D．By playing with beautiful words in Shanghai dialect.‎ 解析：选C　 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“In the novel, Jin makes a breakthrough by mainly using dialogues to unfold various plots and represent typical characters on a daily basis.”可知，金宇澄在小说中主要是使用对话来展开各种情节并描写日常生活中的典型人物来取得突破的，故C项正确。‎ ‎11．What encouraged Jin Yucheng to continue writing in dialect?‎ A．The netizens' posts.‎ B．The netizens' praise.‎ C．The citizens' comments.‎ D．Other writers' encouragement.‎ 解析：选B　 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句“The praise he received from the netizens encouraged him to continue writing the random stories.”可知，网民们的赞扬鼓励他继续用方言写作，故B项正确。‎ D Pollution's serious effects on the environment have become more obvious in recent years.Most scientists agree that efforts are necessary to protect our environment from further harm.‎ As we know, the construction industry consumes a large quantity of energy and resources and creates a huge amount of pollution.So green buildings are in great need.‎ The environmental benefits of green buildings include the protection of ecosystems and biodiversity (生物多样性), improved air and water quality, less waste flowing into streams and the protection of natural resources.Green buildings can also result in lower operating costs because they typically use less energy and fewer materials and improve indoor air quality, improving the health of people who live there.‎ The process of building green houses includes technical and artistic planning with nature protection in mind.Building designs often reflect the surrounding environment and natural resources and use renewable building materials such as bamboo and straw.In addition, recycled resources found locally are used for green buildings, reducing the cost and air pollution associated with transporting materials long distances.‎ Careful site selection is important to minimize (使减少到最低限度) human effects on the surrounding environment.For example, placing a structure in an area that allows it to take advantage of cool breezes (微风) and sunlight can reduce energy use and expenses.More energy ‎ and expenses are needed for larger buildings as well, so it is important to build the small ones.‎ Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and costs.These roofs are partially or completely covered with plants, which helps to keep heating and cooling costs low, prevent water running off and deal with pollutants.‎ Other features of green buildings often include energy and water protection, recycling and waste reduction.In addition, renewable energy sources such as solar power, water power and wind power are used for heat and electricity, which greatly reduces costs and decreases the influence on the environment.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了绿色建筑的优势和特色。‎ ‎12．What can we know about green buildings?‎ A．Producing no waste.‎ B．Only using clean energy.‎ C．Being made of new materials.‎ D．Being environmentfriendly.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据对全文的整体理解特别是第三段的内容可推知，绿色建筑整体上是环保的，故选D。‎ ‎13．What is a green building probably like according to the fifth paragraph?‎ A．Large.　　　　　　　 B．Small.‎ C．Green. D．Low.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“More energy and expenses are needed for larger buildings as well, so it is important to build the small ones.”可推知，绿色建筑应该倾向于小型建筑，而非高楼大厦，故选B。‎ ‎14．What is the purpose of using green roofs?‎ A．To fit the environment.‎ B．To keep warm.‎ C．To collect nature water.‎ D．To reduce costs.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and costs.”可知，绿色屋顶可以降低能源使用和成本，故选D。‎ ‎15．What is the text mainly about?‎ A．Promoting energy efficiency.‎ B．Environmental benefits.‎ C．Green buildings.‎ D．Ecosystems and biodiversity.‎ 解析：选C　主旨大意题。根据文章的关键词“green buildings”‎ 和对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要讲的是绿色建筑，故选C。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Everyone knows how important trees are to the wellbeing of the earth.__1__ By providing shade for people to enjoy time outside, trees can shade our homes to keep them cooler in the summertime.They can hide unsightly (不美观的) views, reduce noise from nearby roads, and serve as windbreaks.Many types also produce flowers and fruit.These tall plants simply make our homes and neighborhoods more attractive.‎ Choosing Trees ‎__2__ Planting a tree is a longterm project.Large shade varieties, especially, take a long time to grow.And once planted, they are difficult to move.Trees can also be a significant financial investment, so it's important to choose wisely.‎ ‎__3__ You may not have room to grow all the types you want to try.So take the time to choose a plant you like that also will grow well in the conditions you can provide.Trees vary widely in their need for space, light, and soil conditions.‎ Care Once you've made a choice, you'll need to prepare your site for planting.You may need to clear the area of other vegetation and improve the soil with organic matter such as fertilizer and nutrients.If you plant a tree yourself, carefully follow the instructions given by the nursery or read “How to Plant a Tree”．__4__‎ Providing proper care after it's planted is also important.__5__ Feed regularly, water deeply, and prune (修剪) them carefully, so they become strong and healthy.Mature plants usually don't need to be watered or fertilized.‎ A．They also provide homes for wildlife.‎ B．Your success depends on proper planting.‎ C．Many yards have space for only a few large plants.‎ D．Young plants should be babied for the first few years.‎ E．They develop large root systems and can grow by themselves.‎ F．When you are planting trees, it's wise to plan your selections carefully.‎ G．But do you know there are also many advantages of growing them in your own yard?‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了种树的一些注意事项。‎ ‎1．选G　空前讲述的是树对地球的重要性，空后讲述的是树给人们及其住所提供的诸多好处，前后意思上存在转折关系；且下文主要讲述的是如何自己种树，故选项G符合语境。‎ ‎2．选F　该部分的主题为Choosing Trees，主要讲述的是要谨慎地选择所种的树，故F项符合语境。下文中的“so it's important to choose wisely”亦是提示。‎ ‎3．‎ 选C　根据空后内容可知，你可能没有足够的空间来种所有你想种的树，所以要选择能在你所能提供的条件中良好生长的树。空后内容围绕“空间”展开，故C项符合语境。‎ ‎4．选B　根据空前一句“If you plant a tree yourself, carefully follow the instructions given by the nursery or read ‘How to Plant a Tree’．”可知，自己种树时遵循指南很重要，空处承接上文，故选项B符合语境。‎ ‎5．选D　空前一句讲的是种完树后恰当的照料也很重要，空后一句叙述了具体的照料方法，空处连接上下文；末句中的“Mature plants”与此处形成对比，由此可推断空处讲的是对未成熟的植株的照料需要花一段时间，故选项D符合语境。‎