2019-2020学年新教材高中英语Unit4 Stage and 13页

Section Ⅲ　Using language & Writing ‎ing形式作状语 ‎1．现在分词作状语时其形式的选择 形式 内在含义 doing 与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动作同时发生，或几乎同时发生 having ‎ done 与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动作发生 ‎◆Reading carefully, he found something he hadn’t known before.‎ 仔细读时，他发现了一些他以前不知道的东西。‎ ‎◆Having finished his homework, he went to bed.‎ 完成作业后，他上床睡觉了。‎ 现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，并且逻辑主语与构成分词的动词为主谓关系。‎ ‎2．现在分词作状语的语法功能 ‎(1)作时间状语 ‎◆When walking down(＝When I was walking down) the street, I came across David.‎ 沿街散步时，我偶然遇到了大卫。‎ ‎◆When chatting with her(＝When I was chatting with her), I found she had a gift for art.‎ 聊天时，我发现她很有艺术天赋。‎ ‎(2)作原因状语 ‎◆Respecting his father(＝Because he respected his father), he didn’t want to argue with him.‎ 因为尊重他的父亲，所以他不想和他争论。‎ ‎◆Not knowing her address(＝As I don’t know her address), I had better telephone her to come over.‎ 由于不知道她的地址，我还是打电话让她过来为好。‎ ‎(3)作条件状语 - 13 -‎ ‎◆Working hard(＝If you work hard), you’ll surely succeed.‎ 如果努力工作，你就一定会成功。‎ ‎◆Going straight down the road(＝If you go straight down the road), you will find the canteen.‎ 沿着这条路一直走，你就会找到食堂。‎ ‎(4)作结果状语 ‎◆He comes home very late every evening, making his wife very angry(＝and it makes his wife very angry)．‎ 他每天晚上回家都很晚，这使他妻子很生气。‎ ‎◆Group activities were organized after class, building up children’s team spirit.‎ 课后组织一些小组活动，以逐步增强孩子们的团队精神。‎ ‎(5)作让步状语 ‎◆Knowing where I live(＝Though he knows where I live), he never comes to see me.‎ 尽管知道我住哪儿，但他从不来看我。‎ ‎◆Having tried many times(＝Though he had tried many times), he still couldn’t overcome his difficulties.‎ 尽管尝试了多次，但他仍未克服困难。‎ ‎(6)现在分词作方式或伴随状语 ‎◆Morris lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time(＝and stared at the sky for a long time)．‎ 莫里斯躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。‎ ‎◆He came running back to tell me the news.‎ 他跑回来告诉我这个消息。‎ 动词ing形式作状语时，相当于与之对应的状语从句。当作伴随状语及结果状语时，可转化为并列谓语。‎ ‎3．动词ing形式作状语需注意的问题 ‎(1)独立主格 动词ing形式作状语，有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构，通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，也可以表示时间、原因或条件等。‎ ‎◆Weather permitting, we will go out for an outing.‎ 如果天气允许，我们会出去远足。‎ ‎◆The girl staring at him, he didn’t know what to say.‎ - 13 -‎ 姑娘盯着他看，他不知道说什么好。‎ ‎(2)评论性状语/悬垂分词 有些动词ing形式作状语，在句中没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，用来修饰主句，表明说话者的态度、观点等，被称为评论性状语或悬垂分词。常见的有generally/strictly/frankly speaking，judging from，considering, supposing, providing等。‎ ‎◆Generally speaking, girls are more interested in literature than boys.‎ 一般来说，女孩比男孩对文学更感兴趣。‎ 单句语法填空 ‎1．Leaving(leave) some questions unanswered, my friend said goodbye to me.‎ ‎2．The children rushed out of the classroom, talking(talk) about something happily.‎ ‎3．Not knowing(know) how to solve the difficult problem, I had to turn to my father for help.‎ ‎4．Sam slipped and fell，hitting(hit) his head against the stone.‎ ‎5．Walking(walk) in the park this morning, I came across two beautiful birds.‎ ‎6．Winter coming(come), it gets colder and colder.So I have to buy some new clothes.‎ ‎7．Generally speaking(speak), I agree to this plan, but I think it should be revised in some places.‎ ‎8．Having__finished(finish) all the tasks, we went to the cinema happily.‎ 句型转换 ‎1．When Alice turned around, she saw a smiling face.‎ ‎→Turning__around,__Alice saw a smiling face.‎ ‎2．Because he didn’t finish his homework, Jack was asked to go to the teacher’s office.‎ ‎→Not__having__finishedhis homework, Jack was asked to go to the teacher’s office.‎ ‎3．If you take your father’s advice, you can finish the task on schedule.‎ ‎→Taking your father’s advice, you can finish the task on schedule.‎ ‎4．His parents got killed in the earthquake and left him an orphan.‎ ‎→His parents got killed in the earthquake, leaving him an orphan.‎ ‎5．After waiting in the queue for half an hour, Joey realized that he had left his wallet at home.‎ ‎→Having__waited in the queue for half an hour, Joey realized that he had left - 13 -‎ ‎ his wallet at home.‎ 影　评 文体感知 影评就是观众在看完电影以后的所感所想。从体裁上看，影评属于夹叙夹议的议论文。这种文体主要是以一般现在时介绍剧情内容并就自己感兴趣的地方发表观点。影评要求评论者就影片特点进行评论，叙议结合，以分析、议论为主。‎ 影评一般可分为三部分：‎ 第一部分：简介背景。对电影名称、导演等作简单介绍。(此部分可以省略)‎ 第二部分：简述情节。包括主演及影片内容概述。影片概述只需要叙述大概情节，最主要的是分析人物和情节，重点突出自己要评述的内容。‎ 第三部分：发表评论。就影片中自己感兴趣和有价值的故事情节发表观点，可有选择性地就电影的结构、节奏、演员角色等方面展开评论，最后还可对电影进行总体评价。‎ 增分佳句 ‎1．...is a film directed by...‎ ‎2．The latest film directed by...turned out to be a masterpiece.‎ ‎3．This film is set in...‎ ‎4．The film/story is based on/adapted from...‎ ‎5．...plays the part of...in the film.‎ ‎6．The film directed by...is a story about...‎ ‎7．The story tells of..., who...‎ ‎8．Even with these small problems, the film is still a great film, and I really enjoy it!‎ ‎9．Judging from the wild clapping and cheers that filled the cinema, everybody agreed that it was indeed the best film of the year.‎ 写作要求 ‎《功夫熊猫3》的热映，又一次唤起了人们对该系列电影的兴趣。请根据该电影写一篇80词左右的影评。‎ 写作要点：‎ ‎1．故事背景：China’s Valley of Peace；‎ ‎2．从一只普通熊猫被选为the Dragon Warrior到成为大师的过程；‎ - 13 -‎ ‎3．发表自己的看法。‎ 参考词汇：《功夫熊猫3》 Kung Fu Panda 3‎ 审题谋篇 项目 结论 体裁 议论文 话题 电影评论 时态 一般现在时 人称 第一人称和第三人称 词句推敲 ‎1．词汇 ‎①讲述了……故事　　　 tell__the__story__of...‎ ‎②以……为背景 be__set__in ‎③会说话的动物 talking__animals ‎④偶然 by__accident ‎⑤自信 be__confident/believe__in__oneself ‎2．句式 ‎①以China’s Valley of Peace为背景，那里没有人类，只生活着一群会说话的动物。‎ 普通表达：The film is set in and around China’s Valley of Peace, and there are no humans except a group of animals who can speak.‎ 高级表达：The__film__is__set__in__and__around__China’s__Valley__of__Peace,__where__‎ there__are__no__humans,__only__talking__animals.(用定语从句和动名词作定语改写)‎ ‎②最后他意识到成为一名功夫大师的真谛是：如果我们自信，我们就能成功。‎ 普通表达：In the end, he realizes the truth to be a master of Kung Fu.That is, you will succeed if you believe in yourself.‎ 高级表达：In__the__end,__he__realizes__the__truth__to__be__a__master__of__Kung__‎ Fu__is__that__you__will__succeed__if__you__believe__in__yourself.(用表语从句改写)‎ 妙笔成篇 ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ - 13 -‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ One possible version：‎ Kung Fu Panda 3 tells a story about a fat, big panda that can perform martial arts. The film is set in and around China’s Valley of Peace, where there are no humans, only talking animals. At first, the panda works for his father in a noodle shop. At that time, he was only a common panda. By accident, he is chosen to be the Dragon Warrior. In the end, he realizes the truth to be a master of Kung Fu is that you will succeed if you believe in yourself.‎ Kung Fu Panda 3 is considered to be one of the greatest cartoon films. It is popular among teenagers, even the adults.‎ 单句语法填空 ‎1．The police are sparing no effort to search for the missing boy，giving(give) his parents a ray of hope.‎ ‎2．Tom came dashing(dash) into the room with some film tickets in his hand.‎ ‎3．Having__spent(spend) all his money, the boy had to give his mother a call.‎ ‎4．The plane crash happened，killing(kill) more than 100 people on board.‎ ‎5．While crossing(cross) the street, you must be very careful.‎ ‎6．Working(work) harder at English, you’ll make greater progress.‎ ‎7．The fire lasted nearly a day, leaving(leave) nothing valuable.‎ ‎8．Judging(judge) from his behaviour, he must be mad, so we had better leave him alone.‎ ‎9．Having__selected(select) the proper present, they sent it to their respectable professor.‎ ‎10．He was caught in the rain, thus making(make) himself catch a cold.‎ 阅读理解 A If there is one thing I’m sure about，it is that in a hundred years from - 13 -‎ ‎ now we will still be reading newspapers.It is not that newspapers are a necessity.Even now some people get most of their news from television or radio.Many buy a paper only on Saturday or Sunday.But for most people reading a newspaper has become a habit passed down from generation to generation.‎ The nature of what is news may change.What basically makes news is what affects our lives—the big political stories，the coverage of the wars，earthquakes and other disasters, will continue much the same.I think there will be more coverage of scientific research，though.It’s already happening in areas that many directly affect our lives，like genetic(基因的) engineering.In the future，I think there will be more coverage of scientific explanations of why we feel as we do—as we develop a better understanding of how the brain operates and what our feelings really are.‎ It’s quite possible that in the next century newspapers will be transmitted(传送) electronically from Fleet Street and printed out in our own home.In fact，I’m pretty sure that how it will happen in the future.You will probably be able to choose from a menu，making up your own newspapers by picking out the things you want to read—sports and international news, etc.‎ I think people have got it wrong when they talk about competition between the different media(媒体)．They actually feed__off each other.Some people once foresaw that television would kill off newspapers，but that hasn’t happened.What is read on the printed page lasts longer than pictures on a screen or sound lost in the air.And as for the Internet, it’s never really pleasant to read something just on a screen.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文提出了报纸这一新闻媒体在近百年内不会消失的观点并分析了其原因。‎ ‎1．What is the best title for the passage?‎ A．The Best Way to Get News B．The Changes of Media C．Make Your Own Newspapers D．The Future of Newspapers D　解析：标题归纳题。从第一段第一句所说的一百年后人们仍要读报，到后面短文讲到报纸跟人们生活的关系、报纸的形式和内容，可归纳出本文的标题为“报纸的未来”。‎ ‎2．What will probably be in the newspaper made by yourself?‎ A．Sports and international news.‎ B．A menu of important news.‎ C．The most important news.‎ - 13 -‎ D．What you are interested in.‎ D　解析：推理判断题。从第三段最后一句可推知，你自己的报纸会以你感兴趣的事情为主。‎ ‎3．From the passage，we can infer ________．‎ A．newspapers will win the competition among different media B．newspapers will stay with us together with other media C．television will take the place of newspapers D．the writer believes some media will die out B　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段可推知，报纸将与其他媒体共存。‎ ‎4．The underlined phrase“feed off”in the last paragraph means “________”．‎ A．depend on B．compete with C．fight with D．kill off A　解析：词义猜测题。最后一段第一句说人们错误地认为各种不同的媒体相互竞争，而第二句又说“They actually feed__off each other.”，我们可推知feed off与depend on意思相近。‎ B While you might not realize it, the environment where you sleep can make a great difference in the actual quality of sleep that you get every night.With a few simple lifestyle changes, you can create a healthy sleep environment that helps improve your sleep quality.‎ Go to bed and get up at the same time every day, even on weekends, holidays and days off.Studies show that people who do so are more rested than those who sleep irregularly(不规律地)．‎ Go to sleep only when you start to feel sleepy.If you don’t fall asleep within about 15 minutes, get up and do something relaxing.Go back to bed when you are tired.‎ Pay attention to what you eat and drink.Don’t go to bed either hungry or stuffed．Your discomfort might keep you up.Avoid caffeine(咖啡因) 6 hours before you sleep.Having a cup of coffee within a few hours of bed time can keep you awake for hours when you are trying to sleep.Coffee isn’t the only product containing caffeine.Avoid chocolate and tea, too.Also limit(限制) how much you drink before bed to prevent trips to the toilet at night.‎ Many people turn on the TV before they go to bed.TV influences your natural sleep habits by making you stay up longer than you usually would, especially if you are - 13 -‎ ‎ watching something exciting.Instead of turning on the TV, read a book.Light reading before bed can help you fall into a deep sleep quickly.‎ If you suffer from serious sleep problems, go to your doctor.Your doctor will help treat the problems or may advise you to see a sleep specialist.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。如果你想过健康幸福的生活，睡个好觉是必不可少的。相比睡眠时间长短，睡眠质量有时更为重要。‎ ‎5．What should you do to make sure you have a good sleep at weekends according to the text?‎ A．Get up a bit later than usual.‎ B．Go to bed at a regular time.‎ C．Watch some relaxing TV programs.‎ D．Avoid drinking coffee or tea in the day.‎ B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Go to bed and get up at the same time every day, even on weekends, holidays and days off.”可知，作者建议睡眠要有规律，每天在同一时间睡觉和起床的人休息得会更好，即便是周末也应该这样。‎ ‎6．What does the author advise you to do if you can’t fall asleep after lying in bed for 15 minutes?‎ A．To drink some water.‎ B．To do some light reading.‎ C．To listen to light music.‎ D．To get up and relax.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“If you don’t fall asleep within about 15 minutes, get up and do something relaxing.”可知，作者认为，如果你在床上15分钟内睡不着，干脆起床做些放松的事，等自己累了再回到床上睡觉。‎ ‎7．What does the underlined word “stuffed” in Paragraph 4 mean?‎ A．Having slept too much.‎ B．Having eaten too much.‎ C．Feeling too sad.‎ D．Feeling too tired.‎ B　解析：词义猜测题。第四段主题句是“Pay attention to what you eat and drink.”，后面分别讲述睡觉前该如何吃、喝。“Don’t go to bed either hungry or stuffed．Your discomfort might keep you up.”这两句是讲睡觉前该怎样吃：睡觉时既不要饿着，也不要吃得太饱。饿着或者吃得太饱时身体会不舒服，这会让你睡不着。由此可知，画线单词stuffed的意思是“吃饱的”。‎ - 13 -‎ ‎8．What does the text mainly talk about?‎ A．What to do before going to bed.‎ B．The importance of sleeping well.‎ C．How to improve your sleep quality.‎ D．The relationship between sleep and lifestyle.‎ C　解析：主旨大意题。本文就如何改善睡眠质量提供了一些方法。‎ 语法填空 I took a short flight the other day. The passengers on the plane 1.____________(offer) an inflight snack—a sandwich which contained dairy and meat. Since I 2.____________(feel) totally full at that time of the day, I put it in my bag. I hoped later that day, I may come across a homeless person, to 3.____________this sandwich may mean his only meal.‎ Well, I did come across a homeless man later that day. That man was with 4.____________(he) dog Bella. When I gave him 5.____________sandwich, I noticed his smile as he was opening the sandwich. He shared it 6.____________ Bella. They started to eat quickly. 7.____________(see) how hungry he was, I emptied my bag of all treats and food I had. I also went and bought a large coffee for him. He 8.____________(sincere) thanked me and continued to have his “big” meal.‎ Kindness is such a simple thing for us to do. However, for 9.____________(receive), it can be lifechanging. As a saying goes, “Ten men banded(聚集) together in love can do what ten thousand separately would fail in.” If each of us does one kind thing at a time, the strength 10.____________(build) up will be surprising.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文作者通过讲述自己将飞机餐送给无家可归的人的故事，号召我们一起做善事。‎ ‎1．were offered　解析：考查动词的时态及语态。passengers和offer之间是被动关系，故用被动语态；再根据上下文的语境可知，此处表示过去的动作，故用一般过去时的被动语态。‎ ‎2．felt　解析：考查动词的时态。此处表示过去的动作，因此用动词的一般过去时。‎ ‎3．whom　解析：考查关系代词。此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的宾语从句，且指代人，故用whom。‎ ‎4．his　解析：考查代词。因为后面跟名词dog，所以用形容词性物主代词，故用his。‎ ‎5．the　解析：考查冠词。前面已经提到过sandwich，此处再次提到，故用定冠词the。‎ ‎6．with　解析：考查介词。share sth. with sb.意为：与某人分享某物，故填with。‎ ‎7．Seeing　解析：考查非谓语动词。句子的逻辑主语与see之间是主动关系，‎ - 13 -‎ 故用现在分词做状语。‎ ‎8．sincerely　解析：考查副词。修饰动词thanked，用副词sincerely，意为“真诚地”。‎ ‎9．receivers　解析：考查名词。句意为：但是对于接受者来说，这可能是改变一生的行为。因为receiver是可数名词，故填receivers。‎ ‎10．built　解析：考查非谓语动词。strength是被积累起来的，故用built作后置定语。‎ 书面表达 假定你是李华，你所在的学校将在下个月举办美国电影节(American Film Festival)。请你根据以下要点给你的美国朋友Peter写一封信，邀请他给学生做一次讲座。要点如下：‎ ‎1．讲座目的：使学生对美国电影有所了解；‎ ‎2．讲座内容：简要介绍美国电影制作行业的历史；‎ ‎3．讲座时间：1小时30分钟左右。‎ 注意：1.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎2．词数 80左右。‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ One possible version：‎ Dear Peter，‎ Our school is planning to hold an American Film Festival next month.I’m writing to invite you to come and give a talk on American films and the history of American filmmaking industry.This activity will help us understand how the industry has developed into big business as it is today.And also it will help us understand the knowledge of American culture in general.Do you think one and a half hours will be enough? Please let me know as soon as possible so that I can make arrangements.‎ I’m looking forward to seeing you and enjoying the talk.‎ Best wishes.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua - 13 -‎ ‎《狮子、女巫与魔衣橱》是英国作家C·S·路易斯所著的《纳尼亚传奇》系列奇幻儿童文学小说第二部。《狮子、女巫与魔衣橱》叙述在第二次世界大战中逃难的四个英国学生在他们的逃难处意外地发现了一个神秘而充满魔力的衣橱。他们发现衣橱竟是通往另一个神奇世界“纳尼亚”的通道。当他们得知这个新的世界被白女巫的魔咒变成了一个常年冰天雪地的世界后，这些充满好奇心的少年们为了打败女巫与解除魔咒而开始了一场惊心动魄的探险和奇遇。‎ ‎[词句积累]‎ ‎1．airraid/'eə'reId/n.空袭 ‎2．housekeeper/'haʊskiːpə(r)‎ ‎/n.女管家 ‎3．shaggy/'ʃæɡi/adj.头发蓬乱的 ‎4．oddlooking/'ɒd'lʊkIŋ/‎ adj.相貌奇特的 ‎5．steady/'stedi/adj.稳定的，不变的 ‎6．But when next morning came there was a steady rain falling, so thick that when you looked out of the window you could see neither the mountains nor the woods nor even the stream in the garden.‎ 分析：该句中when next morning came作时间状语；so...that结构后面跟有一个when引导的时间状语从句，主句中用neither...nor...连接并列宾语。‎ The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe(excerpt)‎ Once there were four children whose names were Peter, Susan, Edmund and Lucy. This story is about something that happened to them when they were sent away from London during the war because of the airraids. They were sent to the house of an old Professor who lived in the heart of the country, ten miles from the nearest railway station and two miles from the nearest post office. He had no wife and he lived in a very large house with a housekeeper called Mrs Macready and three servants. He himself was a very old man with shaggy white hair which grew over most of his face as well as on his head, and they liked him almost at once; but on the first evening when he came out to meet them at the front door he was so oddlooking that Lucy (who was the youngest) was a little afraid of him, and Edmund(who was the next youngest) wanted to laugh and had to keep on pretending he was blowing his nose to hide it.‎ But when next morning came there was a steady rain falling, so thick that when you looked out of the window you could see neither the mountains nor the woods nor - 13 -‎ ‎ even the stream in the garden.‎ ‎“Of course it would be raining！” said Edmund. They had just finished their breakfast with the Professor and were upstairs in the room he had set apart for them—a long, low room with two windows looking out in one direction and two in another.‎ ‎《狮子、女巫与魔衣橱》(节选)‎ 从前，有这么四个孩子，他们的名字分别叫彼得、苏珊、爱德蒙和露茜。下面讲的故事就是他们亲身经历过的事情。那是在战争时期，为了躲避空袭，他们被送离伦敦，来到一位老教授的家里。这位老教授的家在英国的中部，离最近的火车站有十英里远，离最近的邮局也有两英里。他没有老伴，和女管家玛卡蕾蒂太太以及另外三个仆人一起，住在一所很大很大的房子里。教授已经老态龙钟，一头蓬乱的白发。孩子们一来就喜欢上了他。但在头天傍晚，当他从大门口出来迎接他们一行的时候，他的这副怪模样使年龄最小的露茜感到有点害怕，而爱德蒙呢(除了露茜他年龄最小)，却忍不住要笑，他只好一次又一次地装作擦鼻涕，这才没有笑出声来。‎ 但第二天早晨，却冷沥沥地下起雨来了。雨很大，透过窗子朝外望去，你既看不见山，也看不见树林，甚至连花园里的小溪也看不见。‎ ‎“没有办法，天大概还要下雨，我们只好听天由命喽！”爱德蒙说。他们刚和教授一起吃好了早饭，就来到楼上教授给他们安排的房间。这是一个狭长而又低矮的房间，两头各开着两扇窗子可以看到外面。‎ 四大核心素养养成档案 核心素养 具体能力 模块效果评价 问题原因分析 语言能力 词汇的识记能力、语言的运用能力 文化品格 对中外文化的理解与鉴赏能力 思维品质 用英语进行分析、概括与推断的能力 学习能力 自我选用学习策略、方法和评价的能力 - 13 -‎