安徽潜山县 2017 高考英语阅读理解一轮精炼 9页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 安徽潜山县 2017 高考英语阅读理解一轮精炼 （2016 高考训练）阅读下列材料，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。 体裁：记叙文 话题：动物世界 词数：330 时间：7′ Tropical fish hobbyists will tell you their tanks are a source of relaxation，but recent research suggests the fish might disagree. Many American households contain a fish tank，whose average size is less than 10 gallons.Yet a study comparing the behavior of common freshwater fish found that those kept in such small tanks were more aggressive than those in larger ones and were more likely to fight. “If people kept dogs in these conditions，they'd be put in prison，” said the author， Ronald Oldfield.“In larger tanks，the fish were not in continuous eyesight of each other.They were swimming around，checking everything out rather than beating each other，” he added.“It's something we should think about.” The study consisted of two experiments.In one，Dr.Oldfield tested the effects of overcrowding by keeping tank size constant (不变) while increasing the number of fish.In the other，he tested environment by placing three fish in tanks of different sizes.He then recorded their behavior at least two hours after feeding，to eliminate (排除)competitive behaviors related to food.While aggression seemed to remain constant regardless of the number of fish in a tank，it dropped off considerably once the fish were placed in a 100gallon tank with several plants and rocks to form shelters. The findings confirmed what he found when observing Midas in the wild.“If you go out and observe these fish swimming in a river，” he said，“they're not aggressive at all，really.” This conclusion is not news to Justin Muir，the owner of a fish tank business.“More volume of water is always better.It keeps the fish healthier，and the tank is more stable.” 【语篇解读】 本文叙述了热带鱼的生活习性。当它们的生活空间越小时，它们的侵略性就越 强；反之，如果生活空间越大，侵略性越小。 1．We can conclude from the study that ________． 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 A．the fish in small rivers are more likely to fight than those in larger ones B．if you keep fish in tanks of less than 10 gallons，you'll be put into prison C．people haven't paid enough attention to the feeling of fish in smaller tanks D．the fish in the wild are more aggressive than those kept in tanks 答案 C [推理判断题。由第二段和第三段内容可知，人们大多把鱼养在小的鱼缸里，故选 C 项。A 项中讲的是河流，而全文讲的是鱼缸，故 A 项错误；由第三段第一句可知 B 项错误；由 全文特别是最后一段可知 D 项错误。] 2．How was the first experiment performed? A．By putting more and more fish in the same tank. B．By putting fish in tanks of different sizes. C．By putting some food to test the behavior of fish. D．By putting fish in a tank with plants and rocks. 答案 A [细节理解题。由第四段第二句可知答案。] 3．The two experiments prove that ________． A．food competition results in the aggressive behavior of fish B．fish become more aggressive as more fish are put into a tank C．crowding is the main cause of the aggressive behavior of fish D．fish become less aggressive when placed in a 100gallon tank 答案 D [推理判断题。由倒数第二段最后一句可知，如果把鱼放在 100 加仑的鱼缸里，它们 会停止攻击，故选 D 项。A 项太片面；由倒数第二段最后一句可排除 B、C 两项。] 4．The best title for this passage might be ________． A．Animals' Right to Live at Ease B．Picture of Relaxation Only If You're Not Inside C．How to Keep Tropical Fish as Pets D．How to Deal with Fish's Aggressive Behavior 答案 B [主旨大意题。由短文内容可知，作者主要告诉我们鱼缸的大小决定鱼生活得是否舒 适、侵略性的大小，故选 B 项。] 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 【2014 高考英语一模试题】 Valentine’s Day, for many couples, means cards, flowers, and candlelight dinners. For most couples it also means withdrawing money at the ATM to express their love. Fortunately, there are ways to save money by saving energy — even during the date — so you can spend the money you save on the things that really matter to your sweetheart. Here are five easy tips for those couples out there who want to save energy and save money: A fireplace is always a perfect background to set up holiday decorations because of the space it provides, in addition to the grand role it plays in the house as being an important part of each room. If you plan on spending your Valentine’s Day near the fireplace, be sure to prevent the heat loss and make sure of the chimney efficiency. If you never use your fireplace, plug and seal the chimney flue. If you plan on having a nice, romantic dinner at home and want to set the mood with proper lighting, use energy efficient light bulbs that save you money, and look for bulbs that are lower in lumens. Lumens tell you the brightness of the bulb. The lower the lumens, the weaker the light. For those who plan to cook that romantic dinner, there are some simple energy efficient ways you can prepare that meal. For example, did you know that if you’re baking in a china or glass dish, you can typically set your oven for 25 degrees less than the recipe calls for? Learn more about saving energy while cooking. For those couples who would like to have a movie night, plug your TV and DVD into an electronic power strip to save money on your gas of the car. By plugging in electronic devices into a power strip and turning it off when not in use, you can save up to $100 per year. If you plan on going on a romantic “escape” from your house by car, be sure to check out these tips to reduce fuel consumption and costs. 51. How do most people spend their Valentine’s Day according to the passage? A. They make green trips by riding bikes or walking dogs. B. They go to visit their parents or grandparents together. C. They stay at home making delicious food for lovers. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 D. They spend money creating romantic environment. 52. What does the author advise you to do when you use a fireplace that night? A. Try to burn less wood by covering the chimney. B. Try to use more wood to produce more heat. C. Try to hold more heat by using it effectively. D. Try to make the room wetter than usual. 53. What does the author advise you to do if you choose to have dinner at home? A. Choose the bulbs without lumens. B. Choose the bulbs with lower lumens. C. Choose the small bulbs with higher lumens. D. Choose the colorful bulbs as many as possible. 54. How should you cook meals according to the author? A. Adjust electricity amount according to different dishes. B. Set the oven for 25 degrees higher than required. C. Try to cook all kinds of food with a china dish. D. Try to bake some cakes in a glass dish. 55. What is the greenest way for you to see a film on Valentine’s Day? A. Just watch a DVD at home. B. Just see the film in the running car. C. Go to the nearest theatre by bike. D. “Escape” from your house by car. 【参考答案】51—55 DCBAA 【2014 第六次模拟】 阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的 A,B,C 或 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 “Enough” with the multivitamins already. That’s the message from experts behind three new studies that tackled an often debated question: Do daily multivitamins make you healthier? “We believe that the case is closed - supplementing(补充) the diet of 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 well-nourished adults with (most) mineral or vitamin supplements has no clear benefit and might even be harmful,” concluded the authors of the editorial summarizing the new research papers. They urge consumers to not ‘waste’ their money on multivitamins. “The ‘stop wasting your money’ means that perhaps you’re spending money on things that won’t protect you long term,” editorial co-author, Dr. Edgar Miller said, “What will protect you is if you spend the money on fruits, vegetables, nuts, beans, low fat dairy, and things like that. Exercising would probably be a better use of the money.” The strong message was based on a review of the findings from three studies that tracked multivitamins link to cancer protection, heart health, and brain and cognitive(认知的) measures. The first study looked at vitamin supplementation’s role in preventing chronic(慢性的) disease. The next study looked at whether long-term use of multivitamins would have any effect on slowing cognitive decline. The third study looked specifically at multivitamins and minerals role in preventing heart attack. “The three studies found no difference in rates of chronic disease, heart attack and the need for hospitalization between vitamin-takers and placebo(安 慰剂)-takers.” Dr. Edgar Miller stated. One expert agreed some nutrient-deficient people may still benefit from multivitamins. “There might be an argument to continue taking a multi(vitamin) to replace or supplement your not healthy diet,” Dr. Edgar Miller added. He also notes that vitamins can benefit people with celiac disease and those who are pregnant. 53. This text is likely to be selected from a book of . A. medicine B. education C. food D. business 54. Which of the following is NOT Dr. Edgar Miller’s opinion according to the passage? A. Vitamins should not be used for chronic disease prevention. Enough is enough. B. Having a balanced diet and exercising would probably be a better way to keep healthy. C. The three studies do not provide support for use of multivitamin supplements. D. Taking vitamins to replace or supplement your healthy diet is necessary. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 55. What can be inferred from the text? A. Vitamin supplements have proved harmful to the health of adults. B. Vitamin supplements are beneficial in certain conditions. C. Nowadays taking vitamin supplements is common to most people. D. Daily multivitamins will make you healthier. 56. The author’s purpose of writing the text is most likely to___________. . A. persuade B. describe C. inform D. instruct 【参考答案】阅读理解 53-56 ADBC 【2014 第六次模拟】 阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的 A,B,C,D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡 上将该选项涂黑。 More than a century ago, the composer and bandleader John Philip Sousa warned that technology would destroy music, who said, “These talking machines are going to ruin the artistic development of music in this country. When I was a boy … in front of every house in the summer evenings you would find young people together singing the songs of the day or the old songs. Today you hear these terrible machines going night and day. We will not have a vocal cord (声带) left.” Music has greatly changed in the past hundred years, which has been everywhere in our world: rivers of digital melody flow on the Internet or on disc; MP3 players with forty thousand songs can be put in a back pocket or a purse. Yet, for most of us, music is no longer something we do ourselves, or even watch other people do in front of us. It has become a radically virtual medium, an art without a face. Ever since Edison invented the phonograph cylinder(留声机), people have been assessing what the medium of recording has done for and to the art of music. Sousa was a spokesman for the party of doom; in the opposite corner are the utopians(乌 托邦), who argue that technology has not imprisoned music but liberated it. Before Edison came along, Beethoven’s symphonies could be heard only in select concert 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 halls. Now the recordings carry the man from Bonn to the corners of the earth. Glenn Gould, after renouncing live performance in 1964, predicted that within the century the public concert would disappear into the electronic air. Having discovered much of my favorite music through LPs and CDs, I am not about to join Sousa’s party. Modern urban environments are often so soulless or ugly that I’m grateful for the humanizing touch of electronic sound. But neither can I accept Gould’s slashing futurism. I want to be aware of technology’s effects, positive and negative. Fortunately, scholars and critics have been methodically exploring this terrain for many decades, trying to figure out exactly what happens when we listen to music with no musicians in the room. 57. The first paragraph is intended to . A. defend an argument B. make a prediction C. criticize an attitude D. summarized a viewpoint 58. The author’s attitude towards the recorded music may best be described as . A. dissatisfied B. defensive C. optimistic D. objective 59. The underlined word “terrain” in the last paragraph most nearly means . A. region B. subject C. land D. distinction 60. The primary purpose of the passage is to . A. explain different attitudes of scholars and critics B. defend the view of one group from the criticism of another C. advocate an unexpected solution to a pressing problem D. present the key issues in an ongoing debate 【参考答案】阅读理解 57-60 DDBD 【2014 高考英语二模试题】 Endless playing of songs like All I want for Christmas in shops during the festive season doesn’t just drive us mad —the songs also make us more careless with our money, research has warned. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 While repeated performance of Jingle Bells may seem like an innocent attempt to raise customers’ spirits during the nightmare of Christmas shopping, the songs also have a more delicate impact. “Background music, or “Muzak”,can be used by marketers to impose cultures ---such as the commercialization of Christmas--- onto consumers and influence their behaviour,” experts said. Dr. Alan Bradshaw of Royal Holloway, University of London, said, “Festive jingles are force-fed to Christmas shoppers in a bid to change their mood, influence their sense of time and what sort of products they buy. In other words, this is an attempt to control your shopping habits in a way that you might hardly be aware of.” “Often we are told that we have the freedom to choose where we want to shop, but during Christmas the use of music in this way is so common that our freedom to choose disappears.” Dr. Bradshaw and Prof Morris Holbrook of Columbia University examined the phenomenon and found that retailers often “dumb down” the music played in shops to relax customers, meaning it is easier to control their behaviour. It is thought that slowing down the rhythm of music in shops can trick customers into thinking less time has passed, and therefore spend more time examining the shelves, for example. Some providers of background music have been known to promote their services by claiming they can boost profits by controlling the behaviour of customers. “A common trick is to take a popular current song and record an instrumental version which can be slowed down or sped up at different time of the day to influence behaviour in different ways,” Dr. Bradshaw said. Background music is often classed as “Muzak” in honor of the Seattle-based company which began producing its soft-sounding melodies in the 1930s. 25．According to Dr. Bradshaw, in what ways does Christmas music influence customers? ①their mood ②their income ③their sense of time ④ the sort of products they buy A.①②③ B.①③④ C.②③④ D.①②④ 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 9 26. Shopkeepers slow down the rhythm of music in shops to ___________. A. let customers spend more time shopping B. make customers and sales assistants relaxed C. let customers enjoy the beautiful music D. help customers find what they really want 27. What kind of music is now often adapted to influence customers in shops? A. Classical music B. Popular modern songs. C. Folk songs. D. Jazz music. 28. What is the best title of the passage? A. Music makes happy Christmas B. Christmas “Muzak” C. How to make Christmas music? D. Christmas music makes us spend more 【参考答案】B 25-28BABD