【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习强化训练：专题2七选五阅读 21页

第一编　专题二　‎ 真题题组 A ‎(2018·北京)‎ Why Do We Get Angry？‎ Anger seems simple when we are feeling it，but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior，and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are triggering(触发)events，personality traits(特征)，and our assessment of situations. __1. F__‎ Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages. However，here are some examples：being cut off in traffic，a deadline approaching，experiencing physical pain，and much more. __2. G__ The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one’s personal history and psychological traits. ‎ Each person，no matter who they are，has psychological imbalances. People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry. __3. E__ Also，sometimes pre－anger does not have to do with a lasting condition，but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred. ‎ ‎ __4. A__ Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre－anger，or anger itself. Sometimes ignorance and negative (消极的) outlooks on situations can create anger. ‎ ‎ __5. D__ However，anger can easily turn violent，and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind，we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings. ‎ A．Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well. ‎ B．But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger. ‎ C．Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait，and is usually advised to reduce it. ‎ D．Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry. ‎ E．Having these personality traits implies the pre－anger state，where anger is in the background of your mind. ‎ F．Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye. ‎ G．Not everyone acts the same in response to events，and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another. ‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了人生气的几种原因。人们通过了解生气的原因，可以控制好自己的情绪而不去生气，由此减少生气对自己造成的危害。 ‎ ‎❶　解析：解本题可用词汇锁定法。 由空前的the main reasons锁定选项F中的these reasons。结合上下文内容可知，作者提到了一些引发生气的原因，理解这些原因有助于我们控制生气。‎ ‎❷　解析：解本题可用词汇锁定法以及关联逻辑法。由空后的someone is triggered. . . others are not. . . 可知，相同的事情并不会引发每个人都生气，这与选项G中的not everyone acts the same in response to events以及triggers相吻合。‎ ‎❸　解析：解本题可用词汇锁定法。由空前的personality traits以及空后的pre－anger锁定选项E中的personality traits implies the pre－anger state。由此可知选E项。‎ ‎❹　解析：解本题可用词汇锁定法。由空后的situations，create锁定选项A中的on situations can create anger within us，即对于某些情况的态度和看法是生气的原因。‎ ‎❺　解析：解本题可用关联逻辑法。由空后表转折的副词however以及 anger can easily turn violent可知，因为生气容易转变为暴力，所以作者不赞同生气，即使有理由生气。选项D中提到“人们认为有理由去生气”，显然它可以放在空格中构成前后文意思的转折。故选D。‎ B ‎(2018·浙江)‎ Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience. Of course，you want to make sure that you become an accepted and valuable part of your new neighborhood. The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should. __1. G__‎ Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property(房产) neat，clean，and in good repair. __2. F__ By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape，you will help to improve the look and feel of the area. ‎ Second，take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously. When going for a walk，take along a small garbage bag. __3. E__ This small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the area. ‎ ‎ __4. B__ If a neighbor is going to be out of town，offer to collect mail and newspapers. If a neighbor suffers an illness，offer to do the grocery shopping. Let them know that you are there to help in any way that is acceptable，while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor. ‎ ‎ __5. C__ By following the basic rules of respecting others，taking care of what belongs to you，and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general，you will quickly become ‎ a good neighbor that everyone appreciates. ‎ A．In general，keep an eye on their property while they are gone. ‎ B．A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways. ‎ C．Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior. ‎ D．Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping. ‎ E．Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car，pick it up. ‎ F．People tend to take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting. ‎ G．Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly. ‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了几个帮你迅速赢得新邻居欣赏的小技巧。本文为“总—分”结构，从四个方面说明了如何做个好邻居。‎ ‎❶　解析：解本题可用关联逻辑法。通读全文可知，本文是“总—分”结构。由第二段中的“. . . one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep. . . ”以及第三段的second可知，本题选G，也就是本文的主题句。‎ ‎❷　解析：解本题可用词汇锁定法。该空格前面的neat，clean，in good repair 以及空格后面的in great shape都与 F项的fresh and inviting相吻合。‎ ‎❸　解析：解本题可用关联逻辑法。空格前提到，散步时随身带个小垃圾袋；空格后提到，这个小小的举动会让你的邻居知道你关心这个区域。因此此处要填E项“如果你碰到从路过的车里扔出的废纸，把它捡起来”。‎ ‎❹　解析：解本题可用词汇锁定法。由本段中的you are there to help in any way可知，选B项“一个好邻居也是一个在小的方面乐于助人的人”。‎ ‎❺　解析：解本题可用关联逻辑法。空后的respecting others，taking care of，taking pride in都是替别人着想的表现，故C项符合语境。‎ C ‎(2017·全国Ⅰ)‎ If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping，I would have laughed heartily. Campers，in my eyes，were people who enjoyed insect bites，ill－cooked meals，and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. __1. D__‎ The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. __2. C__ We slept in a tent，cooked over an open fire，and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work，recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor’s bill for my son’s food poisoning. ‎ I was，nevertheless，talked into going on another fun－filled holiday in the wilderness. __3. A__ Instead，we had a pop－up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature－loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life. ‎ ‎ __4. F__ We have done a lot of it since. Recently，we bought a twenty－eight－foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built－in TV set. There is a separate bedroom，a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains. ‎ ‎ __5. E__ It must be true that sooner or later，everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you find your way in style. ‎ A．This time there was no tent. ‎ B．Things are going to be improved. ‎ C．The trip they took me on was a rough one. ‎ D．I was to learn a lot about camping since then，however. ‎ E．I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping. ‎ F．After the trip，my family became quite interested in camping. ‎ G．There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall. ‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者对野营活动由抵触到喜欢的转变过程。‎ ‎❶　解析：考查上下文的连贯。上文说，作者一开始对野营产生过抵触情绪。但是，从下文可知，作者后来喜欢上了野营活动。本空表示意义的转折，承上启下，为下文做铺垫。故选D。‎ ‎❷　解析：考查前后句的连贯。根据下文可知，这次野营活动从住宿、饮食到洗澡都很艰苦。故选C，对下文内容进行概括。‎ ‎❸　解析：考查前后句的连贯。前句说，作者被说服参加另一次野营活动，后句说，这次野营活动有舒服的床和空调。故选A，起承上启下的作用。‎ ‎❹　解析：考查上下文的连贯。本段讲述作者一家开始野营，并采购很多野营的装备。由此可知，自上次活动以来作者一家对野营活动非常感兴趣。故本空选F。‎ ‎❺　解析：考查总结概括的能力。上文讲述了作者对野营活动由抵触到感兴趣的转变过程，由此可见，作者已经完全喜欢上了野营活动。故本空选E。‎ D ‎(2017·全国Ⅱ)‎ Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you’re trying to get work done. __1. B__，there are several ways to handle things. Let’s take a look at them now. ‎ ‎ __2. A__. Tell the person you’re sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time. ‎ When people try to interrupt you，have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that you’ll find them then. __3. E__. It can help to eliminate(消除) future interruptions. ‎ When you need to someone，don’t do it in your own office. __4. D__，it’s much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even ‎ after explaining how busy you are If you have a door to your office，make good use of it. __5. G__. If someone knocks and it’s not an important matter. Excuse yourself and let the person know you’re busy so they can get the hint(暗示) than when the door is closed，you’re not to be disturbed. ‎ A．If you’re busy，don’t feel bad about saying no B．When you want to avoid interruptions at work ‎ C．Set boundaries for yourself as your time goes D．If you’re in the other person’s office or in a public area E．It’s important that you let them know when you’ll be available F．It might seem unkind to cut people shirt when they interrupt you G．Leave it open when you’re available to talk and close it when you’re not 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了避免工作时被打断的几种方法。‎ ‎❶　解析：考查承启句。根据上文的“Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with”以及下文的“there are several ways to handle things”可知，工作时被打断是要处理的最糟糕的事情之一，有几个处理事情的办法。空处承上启下，应选B项。‎ ‎❷　解析：考查主题句。根据下文的“Tell the person you’re sorry. . . ask if the two of you can talk at a different time”可知，本段讲述的是当你忙的时候，要拒绝别人打断你。故A项符合文意。‎ ‎❸　解析：考查承启句。根据上文的“let them know to come back during that time or that you’ll find them then”及下文的“It can help to…”可知，此处指让他们知道你什么时候有空是很重要的。故选E项。‎ ‎❹　解析：考查承启句。根据上文的“don’t do it in your own office”以及下文的“excuse yourself to get back to your work”可知，你如果不在自己的办公室里，就更容易给自己找到借口返回来工作。故选D项。‎ ‎❺　解析：考查承启句。根据本段的首句“If you have a door to your of fice，make good use of it”以及下文的“when the door is closed”可知，G项符合文意。‎ E ‎(2017·北京)‎ Every animal sleeps，but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep，they die within a month. __1. C__‎ One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. __2. E__ We know that，while awake，fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells，but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear. ‎ Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight，making room for fresh memories to form the next day. ‎ ‎__3. F__‎ Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. __4. G__ The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep，showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping. ‎ If Tononi’s theory is right，it would explain why，when we miss a night’s，we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information－our brains may have smaller room for new experiences. ‎ Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. __5. B__ “You keep what matters，” Tononi says. ‎ A．We should also try to sleep well the night before. ‎ B．It’s as if the brain is preserving its most important memories. ‎ C．Similarly，when people go for a few days without sleeping，they get sick. ‎ D．The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories. ‎ E．That’s why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning. ‎ F．“Sleep is the price we pay for learning，” says Giulio Tononi，who developed the idea. ‎ G．Tononi’s team measured the size of these connections，or synapses，in the brains of 12 mice. ‎ 文章大意：这是一篇说明文。文中主要探讨了充足的睡眠帮助人们巩固新记忆，为第二天的全新记忆腾出空间。‎ ‎❶　解析：考查前后句的连贯。所有的动物都睡觉，但其原因仍然是谜。当实验室的老鼠不被允许睡觉时，它们一个月内就死了。同样，人类如果连续几天不睡觉，就会生病。所以C项正确。‎ ‎❷　解析：考查前后句的连贯。第二段首句指出一个观点，即睡眠帮助人们巩固新的记忆。而E项则支持该观点，其中That指代的就是睡眠帮助巩固新的记忆这一观点。所以E项正确。‎ ‎❸　解析：考查前后句的连贯。空前讲，睡眠会为第二天的新记忆腾出空间，且由第四段第一句中的人称代词he可知，F项正确。‎ ‎❹　解析：考查前后句的连贯。空前讲，有最直接的证据证明Tononi的观点是对的，而空后的内容介绍了实验结果，故可推知空处应是介绍了Tononi做的相关实验，故G项正确。‎ ‎❺　解析：考查前后句的连贯。根据空前的关键词protected，stayed以及空后的keep，matters可知，B项正确。‎ F ‎(2017·浙江)‎ How to Do Man－on－the－Street Interviews The man－on－the－street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the sport. __1. D__ But with these tips，your first man－on－the－street interview experience can be easy. ‎ When your boss or professor sends you out to do man－on－the－street interviews for a story，think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it. For example，if your topic is about environmental problems in America，you might ask，“Why do you think environmental protection is important in America？” __2. G__‎ Hit the streets with confidence. __3. B__ Say，“Excuse me，I work for XYZ News，and I was wondering if you could share your opinion about this topic. ” This is a quick way to get people to warm up to you. ‎ ‎● Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not interested in talking on camera. Don’t get discouraged. ‎ ‎● __4. A__ Each interview that you get on the street shouldn’t be longer than ten minutes. As soon as you get the answer you need，move on to the next person. Make sure that as you go from interview to interview，you are getting a variety of answers. If everyone is giving you the same answer，you won’t be able to use it. A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten. __5. F__ ‎ ‎● If your news station or school requires interviewees to sign release forms to appear on the air，don’t leave work without them. ‎ A．Limit your time. ‎ B．As you approach people，be polite. ‎ C．If you don’t own a camera，you can buy one. ‎ D．For new reporters，this can seem like a challenging task. ‎ E．To get good and useful results，ask them the same question. ‎ F．That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need. ‎ G．With a question like this，you will get more than a “Yes” or “No” reply. ‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。街头采访对于新手记者来说可能是一大挑战，但只要按照作者在文章中提到的几个技巧来做，你也可以完美地完成任务。‎ ‎❶　解析：解本题可用句意判断法。由空格后的but以及can be easy可以反推，该空讲的应该是街头采访并非易事，选项D“对于新手记者，这可能像是一项有挑战性的任务”符合语境。本设空类型为过渡句类。‎ ‎❷　解析：‎ 解本题可用词汇锁定法。本段说去采访前要列出大约十个与采访话题相关的问题，并在空前给出例子“Why do you think. . . ？”选项G中With a question like this中的question指的就是这个问句。本设空类型为细节理解类。‎ ‎❸　解析：解本题可用关联逻辑法。空格后的excuse me以及I was wondering if you could. . . 都体现了采访者的礼貌。这与选项B“当你接近人们时，要有礼貌”前后照应。本设空类型为过渡句类。‎ ‎❹　解析：解本题可用设题位置法。显然，该空要填本段的段落小标题。根据空格后的“你在街上的每次采访都不应超过十分钟”可知进行街头采访时要控制好时间。选项A正合语境。本设空类型为段落主题句类。‎ ‎❺　解析：解本题可用词汇锁定法。选项F“这一数量的采访应该能给你你所需要的全部答案”中的that number of interviews与空格前的a safe number of interviews to conduct(采访的保险数量)前后照应。本设空类型为段落总结类。‎ G ‎(2017年11月浙江)‎ How to Remember What You Read Reading is important. But the next step is making sure that you remember what you’ve read！ __1. D__ You may have just read the text，but the ideas，concepts and images (形象)may fly right out of your head. Here are a few tricks for remembering what you read. ‎ ‎● __2. A__‎ If the plot，characters，or word usage is confusing for you，you likely won’t be able to remember what you read. It’s a bit like reading a foreign language. If you don’t understand what you’re reading，how would you remember it？ But there are a few things you can do. . . Use a dictionary； look up the difficult words. ‎ ‎●Are you connected？‎ Does a character remind you of a friend？ Does the setting make you want to visit the place？ Does the book inspire you，and make you want to read more？ With some books，you may feel a connection right away. __3. F__ How willing are you to make the connections happen？‎ ‎●Read it； hear it； be it！‎ Read the lines. Then，speak them out loud. And，put some character into the words. When he was writing his novels，Charles Dickens would act out the parts of the characters. He’d make faces in the mirror，and change his voice for each character. __4. G__‎ ‎●How often do you read？‎ If you read frequently，you’ll likely have an easier time with remembering what you’re reading (and what you’ve read). __5. B__ As you make reading a regular part of your life，you’ll make more connections，stay more focused and understand the text better. You’ll learn to enjoy ‎ literature—as you remember what you read！‎ A．Are you confused？‎ B．Practice makes perfect. ‎ C．What’s your motivation？‎ D．Memory is sometimes a tricky thing. ‎ E．Marking helps you remember what you read. ‎ F．But other books require a bit more work on your part. ‎ G．You can do the same thing when you are reading the text！‎ 文章大意：本文主要介绍了记住阅读过的内容的技巧。‎ ‎❶　解析：根据空前的“the next step is making sure that you remember what you’ve read”和空后的“but the ideas，concepts and images(形象) may fly right out of your head”可知，阅读是重要的，但是你要确保记住所阅读的内容。你可能刚读过了文本，但并没有记住其中的思想、概念和形象。由此可知D项“记忆有时候是一件很困难的事情”符合上下文的衔接，所以选D项。‎ ‎❷　解析：本空是段落主题句。由“If the plot，characters，or word usage is confusing for you，you likely won’t be able to remember what you read”可知，该段主题与处理一些令人困惑的信息有关，故A选项与此处匹配。‎ ‎❸　解析：根据空前的“With some books，you may feel a connection right away”可知，读有些书时，你可以很快建立联系；空后一句提到“你有多大意愿让这些联系发生”，故F项“但是(阅读)其他书对你的要求更多一些”与前后句衔接紧密。故选F项。‎ ‎❹　解析：本空是段落结尾句。由本段内容可知，大声读出来所阅读的材料并加以演绎也是一个技巧。本段又以狄更斯写作时演绎自己作品中的角色为例来说明我们也可以这样做，所以选G项。‎ ‎❺　解析：根据空前的“If you read frequently，you’ll likely have an easier time with remembering”和空后的“As you make reading a regular part of your life”可知，有规律的阅读可以让记忆变得更加轻松，即“熟能生巧”，所以选B项。‎ H ‎(2017·全国Ⅲ)‎ Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning and put the blame on the alarm clock. In fact，the key to easy morning wake－up lies in resetting your body clock. __1. C__ Here is how to make one. ‎ ‎ ● __2. B__ In order to make a change，you need to decide why it’s important. Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family，get in some exercise，or just be better prepared for your day？ Once you are clear about your reasons，tell your family or roommates ‎ about the change you want to make. ‎ ‎●Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to wake up，consider re－arranging your morning activities. If you want time to have breakfast with your family，save some time the night before by setting out clothes，shoes，and bags. __3. G__ That’s a quarter－hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer. ‎ ‎●Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends. If you’re tired out by Friday night，sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful. But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week，a recent study found. __4. F__‎ ‎●Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel. After you’ve tried a new method for a week，take a look at your record. __5. E__ If not，take another look at other methods you could try. ‎ A．Get a sleep specialist. ‎ B．Find the right motivation. ‎ C．A better plan for sleep can help. ‎ D．And consider setting a second alarm. ‎ E．If the steps you take are working，keep it up. ‎ F．Stick to your set bedtime and wake－up time，no matter the day. ‎ G．Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the café to get coffee. ‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何做计划建立好生物钟，保持早睡早起的好习惯。‎ ‎❶　解析：考查前后句的连贯。第一段最后一句说“以下是如何制作一个”，代词one指代“计划”一词，因此本空选C。‎ ‎❷　解析：考查小标题概括。空后谈到要改变，先要说清楚做出改变很重要的原因；后面谈到一旦明白了其中的原因，就可以告诉你的家人或室友你想做出改变；由此可以推断出这段总的在说找到正确的动机，因此本空选B。‎ ‎❸　解析：考查前后句的连贯。本段最后一句谈到如果买咖啡机自己弄咖啡，早上可以多睡一会儿，因此前一句应该要与咖啡有关，本空选G。‎ ‎❹　解析：考查前后句的连贯。本段谈到周末起床、睡觉的时间应该和平常一致，不然周末多睡反而会增加接下来工作日的睡意。F项中的no matter the day指的就是周末也应该和工作日的作息一致。因此本空选F。‎ ‎❺　解析：考查前后句的连贯。本段谈到对自己所做的计划要记录、评价和调整。本空后的If not说明前面是讨论计划有效就应该坚持，因此选E。‎ 模拟题组 A ‎(2018·石家庄二模)‎ A daily multivitamin may give your well－being an extra benefit，but if you’ve ever swallowed one and felt sick right after，you know it’s hardly a pleasant experience. __1. B__‎ ‎◆You’re taking vitamins on an empty stomach. ‎ Vitamins that are more acid in nature，like vitamin C，may cause nausea(恶心)if they’re consumed on an empty stomach. Vitamins A，D，E and K，unlike some others，may be better absorbed when not taken with food. ‎ ‎◆ __2. A__‎ Vitamins are like medicines in that they can act on each other and other medicines you’re taking. __3. G__ Some research suggests that multivitamins could cause side effects when taken at the same time with high estrogen(雌激素)levels. ‎ ‎◆There’s a lot of iron in your pill. ‎ Multivitamins that contain a lot of iron or iron supplements themselves can cause nausea. This is especially true if you’re taking them outside of a meal. Iron is interesting in that it’s best absorbed on an empty stomach，but it’s hardest to take on an empty stomach because of the nausea. __4. E__It might decrease the absorption a little bit but it’s better than nothing. ‎ ‎◆Allergic reaction side effects. ‎ Since multivitamins contain so many vitamins and minerals，allergic reactions are certainly possible. Mild allergic reactions can include itchiness(痒) and a few hives(荨麻疹). __5. F__ Should you experience more advanced signs of an allergic reaction，such as trouble breathing，chest pain，widespread hives or a swollen facial region，visit the closest emergency room immediately. ‎ The lable on your vitamins should provide directions for taking them. Check the information before taking them to see what else you should know. ‎ A．You’re taking vitamins with other medicines. ‎ B．Below are a few reasons why multivitamins may be making you ill. ‎ C．It’s important to discuss with an expert the timing of these vitamins. ‎ D．These stomach issues can be extremely disturbing. ‎ E．It’s better to take it with food than trying taking it on an empty stomach. ‎ F．If you experience these side effects，stop use and contact your doctor. ‎ G．Please review the combinations to make sure there are no harmful interactions. ‎ 文章大意：本文主要讲述了服用多种维生素可能让人感到不适的几种原因。‎ ‎❶　解析：本句出现在第一段的段尾。从第二段开始一直到第五段都是在分析让人感到不适的原因，所以B项符合语境。B项的意思是“以下是多种维生素可能会使你感到不适的几个原因”。‎ ‎❷　解析：‎ 本空是段落的主题句。本段落讲的是各种维生素之间以及维生素与其他药物之间会相互作用，所以A项作为本段小标题合适。A项的意思是“你是与其他药物一起服用了维生素”。‎ ‎❸　解析：本句出现在段落中间，起到承上启下的作用。上文讲的是，各种维生素之间以及维生素与其他药物之间会相互作用；下文讲的是，当雌激素水平高时服用多种维生素可能引起副作用，所以G项符合语境。G项的意思是“请检查一下混合物(多种维生素)，确保它们之间没有有害的相互作用”。‎ ‎❹　解析：本句出现在段落中间，起到承上启下的作用。上文讲的是，多种维生素中的铁在空腹时服用吸收效果是最好的，但空腹服用会让人恶心；下文讲的是，这可能会吸收得少一点，但总比一点也不吸收要好，所以E项符合语境。E项的意思是“比起试图空腹服用来说，跟食物一起服用多种维生素更好一些”。‎ ‎❺　解析：本句出现在段落中间，起到承上启下的作用。上文讲的是，轻微的过敏反应症状；下文讲的是较重的过敏反应症状，所以F项“如果你感受到了这些副作用，就不要服用了，要联系你的医生”符合语境。‎ B ‎(2018·郑州二模)‎ Whether they’re for a teenager or not，all great stories have certain elements： they have interesting characters we enjoy reading about； they show these characters in a world we can recognize and understand. ‎ ‎ __1. B__ The main character faces a problem，usually quite a serious one. The thing that most draws us to reading the story is the way the character deals with the problem—whether the character gets the better of it，or it gets the better of the character. ‎ Characters in a book for young adults are generally young adults themselves. __2. A__ On the one hand，they’re not children anymore. They’re growing up and want to stretch their wings. On the other hand，they’re not yet adults. They can’t do certain things，as they’re not yet able to do them or because the world tells them that they can’t. ‎ To make things even more complicated，almost all young adults feel at some point that the whole growing－up process is happening too quickly. __3. E__‎ This year，TEENS has selected seven of the ten books； nominated(提名) for the US 2017 National Book Awards in the categories of Young People’s Literature. ‎ Some stories are specifically written for teenagers or young adults，meaning that their authors are very sensitive to the “in－between” nature of teenage life. They’re about problems that appear for young people because of tensions between them and their parents and teachers，their siblings(兄弟姐妹)，or wider society. Often，these problems are presented very seriously by writers. __4. D__‎ At the same time，fiction isn’t supposed to be just about the challenges people face in life，‎ but also about how people overcome those problems. __5. C__ They discover something about themselves that they never knew before，and which enables them to succeed. And the solution that they find opens the future up to them，setting them on the path to adulthood. ‎ A．And they are in a challenging period of life. ‎ B．But most importantly，great stories have a central drama. ‎ C．To some degree，challenges bring out the best in characters. ‎ D．But that’s what young adults want in fiction：to be taken seriously. ‎ E．They want to hold back a little and remain a child a little longer. ‎ F．These are stories that someone of any age could pick up and enjoy. ‎ G．When closing a good book，we feel we’ve learned something about ourselves. ‎ 文章大意：本篇文章是文学艺术类说明文。作者主要分析了优秀的小说的特点，着重分析了写给年轻人看的小说。‎ ‎❶　解析：本空出现在段首，起承上启下的作用。第一段讲了好的故事都共有的两个因素，空后主要讲了小说中的主人公通常都要面临一个相当严重的问题，并且讲到最吸引人们读小说的是主人公处理问题的方式。这里主要谈的是小说的情节，所以答案是B。‎ ‎❷　解析：本空出现在段落中。根据后面的“On the one hand，they’re not children anymore. They’re growing up and want to stretch their wings. On the other hand，they’re not yet adults. They can’t do certain things，as they’re not yet able to do them or because the world tells them that they can’t”可以看出，这个时候的年轻人有着非常矛盾的心理感受，一方面想去做一些事情，另一方面又有一些事情不能做，所以答案是A“他们处于人生中一个很有挑战性的阶段”。‎ ‎❸　解析：本句出现在段尾。根据上文中的“To make things even more complicated，almost all young adults feel at some point that the whole growing－up process is happening too quickly”可知，几乎所有的年轻人都会在某个阶段感觉整个成长过程发生得太快了，所以，他们希望时光能倒回一点，让他们再当一段时间的小孩子，所以答案是E。‎ ‎❹　解析：本句出现在段尾。根据上文中的“Often，these problems are presented very seriously by writers”可知，作者通常会很认真地展现这些问题，而D项“但这正是年轻人在小说中想要(看到)的——被认真对待”能很好地承接上文，所以答案是D。‎ ‎❺　解析：本句出现在段落中。根据上文中的“At the same time，fiction isn’t supposed to be just about the challenges people face in life，but also about how people overcome those problems”可知，小说不只是要写人们生活中遇到的挑战，所以答案是C，“在某种程度上，挑战能够激发人物最优秀的品质”。‎ C ‎(2018·南昌市二模)‎ Last week the electricity in my flat went out. I had just got home from work and was happily making my tea，when all of a sudden I was surrounded by complete darkness. I tried to fix it but failed. I had to wait for an electrician to come in the morning. __1. D__‎ I sat down to eat my half－cooked dinner. And then I wasn’t really sure what to do. My typical evening is spent watching the TV and looking through social media. __2. A__ So for me it was an early night. And I couldn’t help but think，do we rely too much on electricity？ That night，losing our electricity felt like losing a basic necessity. As basic as running water. __3. F__ I use electricity all the time，even when it’s not really necessary. ‎ ‎ __4. C__ It contributes to global warming. It is harming our environment and we need to do what we can to stop it. Not only that，but if we continue to use the same large amount of energy we will soon run out. ‎ So，shouldn’t we start preparing for it now？ Cutting back on our use of electricity would make losing it slower，and also save energy resources so that they could last for longer. __5. G__ And if everyone does the same，we can make a big difference. ‎ A．Tonight this wasn’t possible. ‎ B．Obviously，we can’t survive without it. ‎ C．Our overuse of electricity is a big problem. ‎ D．This left me a whole night without any electricity. ‎ E．Electricity brings us convenience and trouble. ‎ F．But really，electricity is a luxury that we’ve grown to take for granted. ‎ G．I know for sure that I could cut down on my use of electricity. ‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。下班回家正准备泡茶时，“我”突然遭遇了停电。这次停电经历让“我”反思：我们习惯于使用电，即使在不必要的时候；过度用电导致全球变暖、环境破坏；节约用电，从我做起！‎ ‎❶　解析：根据第一段第二句“I had just got home from work and was happily making my tea，when all of a sudden I was surrounded by complete darkness”可知，晚上“我”正准备泡茶时，突然遭遇停电，周围一片漆黑；再结合空处前一句“I had to wait for an electrician to come in the morning”可知，“我”整个晚上都没有电用，故D项正确。‎ ‎❷　解析：根据空处前一句“My typical evening is spent watching the TV and looking through social media”可知，“我”一般习惯在晚上看电视以及浏览社交媒体；结合上文停电的叙述可知，今晚(做这些)是不可能了，故A项正确。‎ ‎❸　解析：根据空前两句可知，停电让人感觉像是失去了自来水一样的必需品；根据空处后一句“I use electricity all the time，even when it’s not really necessary”可知，即使在没有必要的时候，“我”也在使用电。据此可知，F项“但事实上，电是一种奢侈品，我们将它视为理所当然的东西”，符合语境。此处luxury和necessity形成对比关系。‎ ‎❹　解析：结合空后两句“It contributes to global warming. It is harming our environment and we need to do what we can to stop it”可知，过度用电导致全球变暖，破坏了我们的环境；据此可以判断，空处介绍过度用电这个问题，故C项与此处匹配。‎ ‎❺　解析：根据空处前一句“Cutting back on our use of electricity would make losing it slower，and also save energy resources so that they could last for longer”可知，节约用电将会减缓资源损失速度；结合空处后一句“And if everyone does the same，we can make a big difference”可知，如果每个人都做同样的事情，那么我们将起到很大的作用；G项承上启下，故G项与此处匹配。‎ D ‎(2018·合肥市二模)‎ What to Do When Someone Doesn’t Like You When someone tells me “I don’t care if people like me”，they are showing me the emotional wall they use to block the hurt of rejection. ‎ As humans are social animals，all of us care if people like us. Based on the need for social connection，your reactions to rejection and negative judgment can range from minor hurt to outbreaks of depression. __1. F__‎ The first step to handle a negative situation is to recognize your reaction. Ask yourself，“What am I feeling？” __2. B__Any betrayal (背叛) or embarrassment in your heart？ Identify what feeling has shown up in your body，so you can choose what to do next. ‎ ‎ __3. C__ When you sense yourself shutting down or feeling defensive，ask yourself what the person actually meant to do to you. Did they truly mean to offend you，or make fun of you？ Your brain works very hard to keep you safe，so it will judge a situation as threatening if there is any possibility of social harm. ‎ When our brains sense a possible threat，we react as if we were personally attacked. Take a breath to relieve the stress. __4. G__‎ Finally，if you believe the person doesn’t like you，ask yourself if this matters. __5. E__ If not，what can you do to release your need to be liked by this person？ And，what can you do to stay neutral and not return the dislike？ The more you can come to accept others as who they are，the more you can move forward with your goals regardless of if someone likes you or not. ‎ A．If you can，look the person in his eyes. ‎ B．Do you feel any fear or anger in your head？‎ C．Ask yourself what is true about the situation. ‎ D．Often people do not realize the impact of their words. ‎ E．Will the person’s judgment of you impact your work or life？‎ F．The ability to let a show of dislike roll off your back is a learned skill. ‎ G．This will ground you in the present and take you out of your trembling mind. ‎ 文章大意：本文主要介绍了摆脱不受别人喜欢的情况的方法和策略。‎ ‎❶　解析：由空处承接下文“The first step to handle a negative situation is to recognize your reaction”可推知，本空是一个承上启下的过渡句，即应对别人的拒绝和负面评价是一种可以学习的技能，下文具体阐述如何达成这种技能，所以选F项。‎ ‎❷　解析：由空处承接上文“Ask yourself，’What am I feeling？’”可推知，此处表示个人的感情倾向，与下文“Any betrayal(背叛)or embarrassment in your heart”呼应，所以选B项。‎ ‎❸　解析：由空处承接下文“When you sense yourself shutting down or feeling defensive，ask yourself what the person actually meant to do to you”可知，本段讲的是要搞清楚真实的状况，然后再具体地应对，故选C项。‎ ‎❹　解析：由空处承接上文“Take a breath to relieve the stress”可推知，空处应进一步讲这样做的好处，所以选G项。‎ ‎❺　解析：由空处承接上文“Finally，if you believe the person doesn’t like you，ask yourself if this matters”可推知，搞清楚他人的不喜欢对自己是否有影响对接下来的应对很重要，这种影响可能是工作或生活上的，所以选E项。‎ E ‎(2018·太原市一模)‎ How to Be Productive in a Challenging Environment A lot of organizations deal with challenges like maintaining productivity and quality of work. __1. G__In this article，we’ll share with you a few essential tips on staying focused at work. ‎ Prepare a to－do list. ‎ Half the battle is won once you prioritize (优先处理)your tasks. Make a list of what need to be done. Plan your day through these lists and set realistic deadlines to accomplish each one of them. __2. E__‎ Schedule your work. ‎ Don’t overstretch yourself with your work. __3. C__ To avoid burnout，take a walk to renew your brain，allowing it to concentrate better. Though breaks are essential for a healthy workday，you must learn to take them with a pinch of salt. Frequent breaks can be addictive and can affect your work. ‎ ‎ __4. A__‎ Nowadays，being online on various social media platforms is a trend. Several notifications (通知) pop up every now and then，commanding your attention. If you are constantly attending to such notifications，how are you supposed to do meaningful work？ While working on an important project，set your phone to silent mode or switch it off. If you really want to stay updated ‎ with your social media accounts，you can set specialized time slots to check your phone. ‎ Cut outside noise. ‎ Until you do away with noise，you won’t be able to focus. Limiting auditory distractions is crucial in increasing your attention span. You can use noise－canceling headphones for that. __5. F__ In case that doesn’t solve the problem，choose remote work for a day or two to regain your lost focus. ‎ Keep on practicing these positive habits and you’ll surely see a noticeable improvement in your productivity level at work. ‎ A．Avoid distractions. ‎ B．Take regular exercise. ‎ C．Rather，split your work into parts. ‎ D．Changing your working environment may have unexpected benefits. ‎ E．When you start prioritizing tasks，you won’t just be focused but efficient，too. ‎ F．If you still can’t concentrate，move to a quieter place，such as a conference room. ‎ G．Managers are pressed to motivate their team members while boosting their productivity. ‎ 文章大意：本文主要介绍了在工作中保持专注的一些建议。‎ ‎❶　解析：根据本空前的句子“A lot of organizations deal with challenges like maintaining productivity and quality of work”可知，许多组织要应对既要保持生产效率又要保证工作质量的挑战。本题中的“productivity and quality of work”为关键词，故选G项。‎ ‎❷　解析：根据本段中的“Half the battle is won once you prioritize(优先处理)your tasks”可知，一旦你优先处理你的任务你就胜利了一半了。本题中的“prioritize(优先处理)”为关键词，故选E项。‎ ‎❸　解析：根据本段小标题Schedule your work及本空前的句子“Don’t overstretch yourself with your work”可知，要学会安排你的工作，不要过长时间工作，因此C项(而要把你的工作分成几部分)与本段主旨相照应，故选C项。‎ ‎❹　解析：根据上下文可知，本空为本段小标题，根据本段中的“While working on an important project，set your phone to silent mode or switch it off”可知，在做重要工作的时候要把手机调成静音或者关掉。因此本段主要讲的是在工作的时候要专心，不要分心，故选A项。‎ ‎❺　解析：根据本段小题Cut outside noise及本空前的句子“You can use noise－canceling headphones for that”和空后的句子“In case that doesn’t solve the problem，choose remote work. . . ”可知，前面讲了你可以使用消音耳机来消除外界的噪音，后面又讲了如果那也解决不了问题的话可以采用的方法。故本空应与上下文一致，介绍远离噪音的方法，F项(如果你仍然不能集中精力的话，搬到更安静的地方，比如会议室)符合题意。‎ F ‎(2018·石家庄一模)‎ A gratitude journal is a great way to keep yourself in a positive state of mind. This article will offer some tips for starting and keeping one. ‎ ‎◆Make it a role to write down things you are thankful for per day. __1. A__ This will make writing the journal more challenging as time goes on，but that’s how your awareness and thankfulness will grow. You’ll find new things to be thankful for that you hardly noticed before. ‎ ‎◆Write about extended material things in your life. __2. F__ For example，if you love to paint，you may be grateful for the paints that you have. Or，if you like music，you may be grateful for your CD collections. ‎ ‎◆ __3. B__You can start by feeling grateful to be alive. Avoid the trap of being grateful for something that is better than what others have. Instead，compare whatever you are grateful for with how you would feel if you didn’t have it. ‎ ‎◆Think about your abilities. You may start with basic abilities like your ability to see and hear. __4. D__ Think about skillful things like dancing and singing，and your character like your skills in cheering up people or your skills in being a good friend. ‎ ‎◆Consider the people in your life. Think about all the people you are grateful to and write down the reasons. It’s also good to write about the people that you don’t really like and find a reason to appreciate them. __5. C__ After all，there is good in everyone. ‎ A．Avoid repeating the same things. ‎ B．Describe how you are grateful for what you have. ‎ C．This can be difficult but very uplifting. ‎ D．Then progress to those that are unique to you. ‎ E．Feel grateful for any advantage you may have. ‎ F．These things vary greatly depending on your interests. ‎ G．In this way，everything will become more heartwarming. ‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一些写感恩日志的建议。‎ ‎❶　解析：上文提到把你每天感恩的事情写下来，下文提到随着时间的推移，这会使写日志变得更具挑战性，并且你会发现以前几乎没有注意到的值得感谢的事情。A项表示避免重复同样的事情，前后语义衔接，故选A项。‎ ‎❷　解析：下文说，如果你喜欢画画，你可能会感激你所拥有的颜料，或者，如果你喜欢音乐，你可能会感激你的CD收藏。F项表示这些事情会因你的兴趣而有很大不同，前后逻辑一致，其中love to paint和like music与interests对应，故选F项。‎ ‎❸　解析：结合其他段可知，空处位于段首，为段落主题句。下文提到你可以从感激自己活着开始，而B项表示“描述你是如何感激你所拥有的”，符合语境，其中what you ‎ have亦为提示，故选B项。‎ ‎❹　解析：本段的主旨是想想你自己的能力。上文提到你可以从感激你有基本的能力开始，如看和听的能力；下文提到思考一些需要技巧的事情，如跳舞和唱歌；前后为递进关系，D项提到然后感激那些你特有的能力，前后语义衔接，故选D项。‎ ‎❺　解析：上文提到把你不喜欢的人写下来，找一个欣赏他们的理由也很好，根据常识及下文可知，空处应表示这可能很难，但非常令人振奋，故选C项。‎ G ‎(2018·福建省毕业班质检)‎ Many people think only professionals—engineers，accountants，teachers，etc. —have careers. __1. B__ Even if you’ve never had a paid job，you still have a career. Your career is the sum of your life and work. It includes all your activities and experiences. Your schooling，your volunteer work，and even your relationships with your family are all big parts of your career. __2. C__‎ During your career，you will have a variety of jobs，occupations and roles. People used to think of a job as fulltime，permanent，paid work done for an employer at a work site. But in our changing world，a job is a set of duties or tasks. It can be paid or unpaid. __3. F__ Even someone who is self－employed has a job. ‎ An occupation is a group of jobs with similar responsibilities that require a common set of skills. __4. D__Programmers may have permanent or temporary jobs working for specific employers，be self－employed，work full－time or part－time，be paid for their work or volunteer their services. They may change jobs or hold several jobs at one time but，until they change the type of duties or tasks they perform，they are still computer programmers. ‎ ‎ __5. A__ We all play a number of roles in our lives and our roles often change over time. For example，Kris works four days a week as a receptionist in a clinic and takes evening courses in social work. She also sews gymnastic wear for her neighbor who sells it at summer markets. Now Kris has at least three roles. ‎ A．A role is a part you play. ‎ B．Actually everyone has a career. ‎ C．In other words，your career is your life story. ‎ D．For example，a computer programmer is an occupation. ‎ E．As a matter of fact，a job is different from a role in some way. ‎ F．It can be completed at a work site，at home，or somewhere else. ‎ G．The following is about your work，your family，and your life story. ‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了每个人都有自己的事业。在事业生涯中，每个人都会从事各种各样的工作、职业、担任各种各样的角色。‎ ‎❶　解析：空处的前一句“很多人认为只有像工程师、会计、老师等专业人员才有事业”，B项“实际上每个人都有一份事业”对前一句进行转折且与下一句“即使你从来没有一份有报酬的工作，你仍然有一份事业”衔接自然，故选B。‎ ‎❷　解析：根据前一句“你的教育，你的志愿者工作，甚至你和你的家人的关系都是你事业的重要组成部分”可知，C选项“换句话说，你的事业就是你的生活故事”是对上文的总结，故选C。‎ ‎❸　解析：根据上文中的“But in our changing world，a job is a set of duties or tasks. It can be paid or unpaid”可知，在不断变化的世界里，我们对工作的认识有所变化，且根据空前“It can be paid or unpaid”的句式结构可知选F。‎ ‎❹　解析：根据空处前一句“职业是一组具有相似职责的工作，需要一套共同的技能”和空处后对“Programmers”的工作介绍可知，D项符合语境，起到承上启下的作用，为下文举例说明什么是职业做好铺垫。‎ ‎❺　解析：根据文章的结构以及空处的位置可知，本空应该是本段的主题句，即对下文内容的概括和总结。下文举例说明我们在生活中扮演不同的角色且随着时间的流逝，我们的角色在不断地变化，故选A。‎ H ‎(2018·郑州市一模)‎ Helen Keller once wrote，“The unselfish effort to bring cheer to others will be the beginning of a happier life for ourselves. ” __1. G__The UN has set December 5 as International Volunteer Day to give recognition to these people. ‎ Nineteen－year－old Andrew Makhoul was a communications major at the University of Pennsylvania. It was coming up to spring break，but unlike his classmates，Makhoul wasn’t planning on spending the break relaxing. __2. E__‎ He traveled to Guatemala. He went to an orphanage(孤儿院) in one of the most violent and poor parts of Guatemala City. __3. A__ Although he didn’t speak much Spanish，he found communication wasn’t a problem：“You communicated with love. ”And what he gave out，he got back：“ You could see love when you looked in their eyes. ”‎ Makhoul’s first time as a volunteer only lasted a week，but by the end of that week，he knew he’d be back in the future. ‎ ‎ __4. D__The UN highlighted the case of Palestinian women who are survivors of breast cancer. As part of the UN’s Aid and Hope Programme for Cancer Patient Care，the women have been volunteering their time to create low－cost breast prostheses (假 体) to be distributed to women for free，among whom Shahd El－Swerki is a brilliant example. __5. B__ By the end of her time there，she admired these women who are “not only survivors but also volunteers”. ‎ About 2，400 years ago，Greek philosopher Aristotle said，“The essence (本质) of life is to serve others and do good. ” Volunteers all around the world are making these words come true，each and every day. ‎ A．It depends upon volunteers to stay open. ‎ B．She worked with the women as part of the programme. ‎ C．Here，we tell two volunteering stories from around the globe. ‎ D．Sometimes，volunteers themselves live with huge challenges. ‎ E．He decided to spend his time doing something useful for people. ‎ F．Volunteers want to do their best to make the world warmer and more beautiful. ‎ G. These words certainly prove true for the millions of volunteers all over the world. ‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了志愿活动的意义以及一些志愿者所从事的志愿活动。‎ ‎❶　解析：上文提到Helen Keller的话：为他人带来快乐的无私努力将是我们自己更幸福生活的开始。G项意为“这些话对全世界数以百万计的志愿者来说无疑是真实的”与上文语义衔接。其中unselfish effort与volunteers相呼应，故选C。‎ ‎❷　解析：上文说假期就要开始了，但是和他的同学不同的是，Makhoul不打算把时间花在休息上。正项表示他决定把时间花在为人们做一些有用的事情上，符合语境，故选E。‎ ‎❸　解析：上文说他去危地马拉城局势最动荡和最贫困的其中一个地区的一家孤儿院，A项表示它依靠志愿者来维持运行。根据常识和语境可知，A项与此处匹配。A项中的It指代上文的an orphanage。‎ ‎❹　解析：下文说乳腺癌的幸存者已经自愿花时间去制作低成本乳房假体，并且免费分发给其他女性(乳腺癌的幸存者)，其中Shahd El－Swerki就是一个杰出的例子。D项表示有时志愿者自己也面临着巨大的挑战，概括准确，故选D。‎ ‎❺　解析：上文提到Shahd El－Swerki是一个乳腺癌幸存者但仍然作为志愿者帮助他人，下文说在哪里的一段时间结束后，她钦佩这些女性既是幸存者又是志愿者。故B项“作为项目的一部分，她与这些女性一起工作”，承上启下，符合语境，故选B。‎